Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian)
Terdiri dari 2 clausa (main clause dan if clause)
Conditional sentences berlawanan dengan kenyataan
Ada 3 tipe conditional sentences
If Conditional I (Future Possible)
Main Clause : S – Will – V1
If Clause : If – S – Present
Examples:
1. I will buy a car if I have enough money
2. The students will come if I invite them
3. He will destroy his car if he drives carelessly
4. I will win the competition if I am smart enough
5. I will play sports if I like it
6. I will drive a car if I have a license
7. I will go to Japan if I have enough money
8. I will go to doctor if I sick
9. If I can wake up early, I will join the science club
10. If I can go to England, I will go to London
If Conditional II (Unreal Present)
Main Clause : S – Would/Could – V1
If Clause : If – S – Past
Fact : Present Tenses
Examples:
1. I wouldn’t go to school today if I was sick
2. I would enter the competition if the teacher chose me
3. If I wanted to go, I would go
4. If I was hungry, I would eat
5. If I was thirsty, I would drink
6. If the window was open, It wouldn’t this hot
7. If the crow went away, the farmers would be happy
8. If the plane was late, I would also late
9. I would happy if I could go to England
10. I would make something good if I could make something good
Exercise:
Did you hear about that guy who won 180 million dollars in the lottery? If I (win) won that much money,
I (quit) would quit my job the next day. I (travel) would travel around the world and (stay) stay in the
most luxurious hotels. If I (want) wanted anything, I (buy) would buy it. If I (see) saw a beautiful
Mercedes that I wanted, I (buy) would buy it. If I wanted to stay in a beautiful hotel and the hotel (be)
were full, I (buy) would buy the hotel and make them give me a room. I (can) could do anything in the
world if I had 180 million dollars ... Oh, I am starting to sound a little materialistic... Well... I (do) would
do good things with the money as well. If anybody (need) needed help, I (give) would give them some
money to help them out. I (donate) would donate money to charities. I (give) would give money to help
support the arts. If I (win) won that much money, I wouldn't keep it all for myself. I (help) would help as
many people as possible.
If Conditional III (Unreal Past)
Main Clause : S – Would Have – V3
If Clause : If - S – Had – V3
Fact : Past Tenses
Exercise:
Change the sentences into type 2 and type 3 conditional sentences:
1. I will be happy if my parents give me more pocket money
I would be happy if my parents gave me more pocket money
I would have been happy if my parents had given me more pocket money
2. They will come to the feast if they are invited
They would come to the feast if they were invited
They would have came to the feast if they had been invited
Conditional Clause and Main Clause
If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
conditional clause main clause
I will go to Japan, if I have enough money
main clause conditional clause
First, Second, and Third Conditional
1. First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.
2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
3. Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.
Conditional clause Main clause
1. If + Present Tense will + inf / present tense / imperative
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres),
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three,
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).
2. If + Past Tense would + inf
3. If + Past Perfect Tense would have + past participle
We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause,
only in the main clause.
Uses of the Conditional
1. First conditional
a. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
b. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.
2. Second conditional
a. Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
b. Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by
a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a
schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
3. Third conditional
a. Nature: unreal
b. Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.(But
you didn't, and I have).
Remember!
1. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-clauses.
EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-
clauses.
e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.
I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.
(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
2. For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man...
3. After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or :
If I have any spare time...
4. Instead of if not, we can use unless.
e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.
5.There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the
past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].
CLASS X1 SCIENCE 2
Exercise 15 July 2010
Facts – If Conditional
1. Some of the students was absent because it rained yesterday
Some of the students wouldn’t have been absent if it hadn’t rained yesterday
2. Tony was angry with his father because his father didn’t give pocket money to him
Tony wouldn’t have been angry with his father if his father had given pocket money to him
3. Diana didn’t do her home work so her teacher was angry with her
If Diana had done her home work, her teacher wouldn’t have been angry with her
4. We didn’t do anything because there was nothing to do
We would have done something if there had been something to do
5. Maria was sad because she got bad score for physics
Maria wouldn’t have been sad if she hadn’t got bad score for physics
