PVC pipe https://www.sizes.com/materials/pipe_PVC.

htm

PVC pipe
(polyvinylchloride), inch sizes
Pipe dimensions and This entry deals with the inch-based sizes of PVC pipe in use in
pressure ratings
☙ the United States. It does not describe PVC tube or tubing. Metric PVC
schedules 40, 80 & 120 pipe sizes have an entry of their own (what Americans call PVC is
derating working pressure for called PVC-U in Europe, and CPVC is called PVC-C). Solvent-cemented
high temperatures
fittings are commercially available to connect pipes based on inches to
derating working pressure for
threading those based on millimeters.
SDR

CTS

PIP

DWV

SDR

Markings

Types of PVC

Cementing fittings

Installation

Relevant standards

Pipe dimensions and pressure ratings

The schedules 40 & 80 sizes are probably the only PVC pipes available in a big-box home
supplies store. SDR sizes are a more modern series. CTS sizes were made to match existing
copper plumbing (Copper Tube Sizes). PIP sizes are for Plastic Irrigation Pipe. All the foregoing
types are for pressurized service. Drain Waste and Vent (DWV) pipe is not pressurized.
All types are sold in 10-foot lengths and most in 20-foot lengths. Plain end (square-cut) or
bell-end.

Schedules 40, 80 and 120 (pressurized)

This system of sizes is based on the old iron pipe standards (IPS), recreated in plastic.
Schedule 40 pipe is typically white. Schedule 80 pipe is gray.
In the table below, the maximum working pressure rating is for water at 73°F, using
solvent-cemented joints (that is, not threaded). Derating factors for higher temperatures are
given below the table. Sizes shaded in pink are not likely to be available in consumer-oriented
outlets. All linear dimensions are in inches.

Schedules 40, 80 and 120

Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 120
Nom. Max Max Max
OD Min. Min. Wt/ft Min. Min. Wt/ft Min. Min. Wt/ft
size wp wp wp
ID* wall (lbs) ID* wall (lbs) ID wall (lbs)
(psi) (psi) (psi)
⅛ .405 .261 .068 .045 810 .203 .095 .058 1230 — — — —
¼ .540 .354 .088 .081 780 .288 .119 .100 1130 — — — —
⅜ .675 .483 .091 .109 620 .407 .126 .138 920 — — — —
½ .840 .608 .109 .161 600 .528 .147 .202 850 .480 0.170 0.236 1010
¾ 1.050 .810 .113 .214 480 .724 .154 .273 690 .690 0.170 0.311 770
1 1.315 1.033 .133 .315 450 .935 .179 .402 630 .891 0.200 0.464 720
1¼ 1.660 1.364 .140 .426 370 1.256 .191 .554 520 1.204 0.215 0.649 600
1½ 1.900 1.592 .145 .509 330 1.476 .200 .673 470 1.423 0.225 0.787 540
2 2.375 2.049 .154 .682 280 1.913 .218 .932 400 1.845 0.250 1.111 470

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Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 120

Nom. Max Max Max
OD Min. Min. Wt/ft Min. Min. Wt/ft Min. Min. Wt/ft
size wp wp wp
ID* wall (lbs) ID* wall (lbs) ID wall (lbs)
(psi) (psi) (psi)
2½ 2.875 2.445 .203 1.076 300 2.289 .276 1.419 420 2.239 0.300 1.615 470
3 3.500 3.042 .216 1.409 260 2.864 .300 1.903 370 2.758 0.350 2.306 440
3½ 4.000 3.520 .226 1.697 240 3.326 .318 2.322 350 0.350
4 4.500 3.998 .237 2.006 220 3.786 .337 2.782 320 3.574 0.437 3.713 430
5 5.563 5.017 .258 2.726 190 4.767 .375 3.867 290 0.500
6 6.625 6.031 .280 3.535 180 5.709 .432 5.313 280 5.434 0.562 7.132 370
8 8.625 7.943 .322 5.305 160 7.565 .500 8.058 250 7.189 0.718 11.277 380
10 10.750 9.976 .365 7.532 140 9.492 .593 11.956 230 0.843
12 12.750 11.890 .406 9.949 130 11.294 .687 16.437 230 1.000
14 14.000 13.072 .437 11.810 130 12.410 .750 19.790 220 — — — —
16 16.000 14.940 .500 15.416 130 14.214 .843 25.430 220 — — — —
18 18.000 16.809 .562 20.112 130 16.014 .937 31.830 220 — — — —
20 20.000 18.743 .593 23.624 120 17.814 1.031 40.091 220 — — — —
24 24.000 22.544 .687 32.873 120 21.418 1.218 56.882 210 — — — —

*Not from the specification, but found by subtracting two maximum within-tolerance wall thicknesses from the minimum
within tolerance outside diameter.

ASTM D 1785

Derating working pressure at higher temperatures

Operating
Derating
temperature
factor
degrees F
73°F 1.00
80°F 0.88
90°F 0.75
100°F 0.62
110°F 0.51
120°F 0.40
130°F 0.31
140°F 0.22

For example, at 120°F, 2-inch schedule 40 pipe would have a maximum working pressure
of (280 × 0.40 =) 112 pounds per square inch.
Derating working pressure for threading
Schedule 40 PVC pipe should not be threaded; it is too thin. If schedule 80 pipe is
threaded, the working pressure, after derating for temperature, should be cut in half.
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SDR or "class" sizes (pressurized)

The second system for sizing PVC pipe is based on the Standard Dimension Ratio (SDR), a
series of ratios of outer diameter to wall thickness. The minimum wall thickness, times the
SDR is the OD of the pipe. Associated with each SDR size is a class number, which is actually
the working pressure for the pipe in pounds per square inch. All sizes with the same SDR
rating have the same pressure rating. A pipe can be identified by SDR number or by class
number, but workers in irrigation are more likely to call a pipe "class 125" than "SDR 32.5".

SDR Class
41 100
32.5 125

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SDR Class
26 160
21 200
13.5 315

SDR
Minimum Wall Thickness
Nom. Avg.
size OD SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR
13.5 17 21 26 32.5 41 64
¹⁄₈ .405 0.060 — — —
¼ .540 0.060 — — —
3
⁄₈ .675 0.060 — — —
½ .840 0.062 0.060 — —
¾ 1.050 0.078 0.062 0.060 —
1 1.315 0.097 0.077 0.063 0.060
1¼ 1.660 0.123 0.098 0.079 0.064 0.060
1½ 1.900 0.141 0.112 0.090 0.073 0.060
2 2.375 0.176 0.140 0.113 0.091 0.073
2½ 2.875 0.231 0.169 0.137 0.110 0.088
3 3.500 0.259 0.206 0.167 0.135 0.108 0.085
3½ 4.000 0.296 0.235 0.190 0.154
4 4.500 0.333 0.265 0.214 0.173 0.138 0.110
5 5.563 0.412 0.327 0.265 0.214 0.171 0.136
6 6.625 0.491 0.390 0.316 0.255 0.204 0.162
8 8.625 — — 0.410 0.332 0.265 0.210
10 10.750 — — 0.511 0.413 0.331 0.262
12 12.750 — — 0.606 0.490 0.392 0.311
14
16
18
20
24
30
36

ASTM D 2241
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CTS (Copper Tube Sizes)

CTS sizes mirror those of residential copper tubing, so that the pipe can be easily inserted
in existing copper plumbing. However, a pipe marked CTS is likely to be tan, not white, and is
actually CPVC, not PVC. It has a smaller outside diameter than typical white, Schedule 40
plumbing-grade PVC.

Minimum Wall Thickness

Nominal
OD SDR SDR SDR SDR
Tube Size
11 13.5 17 21
½ 0.625 0.060 0.060 — —
¾ 0.875 0.080 0.065 0.060 —
1 1.125 0.102 0.083 0.066 0.060

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Minimum Wall Thickness

Nominal
OD SDR SDR SDR SDR
Tube Size
11 13.5 17 21
1¼ 1.375 0.125 0.102 0.081 0.065
1½ 1.625 0.148 0.120 0.096 0.077
2 2.125 0.193 0.157 0.125 0.101

The CTS sizes are treated in Table A1.1 of ASTM D 2241.

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PIP (Plastic Irrigation Pipe) sizes

Nominal Minimum Wall Thickness
Average
Tube SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR SDR
OD
Size 21 26 32.5 35 41 51 64 81
6 6.140 — — 0.189 — 0.150 0.120 0.076
8 8.160 — — 0.251 — 0.199 0.160 0.101
10 10.200 — — 0.314 — 0.249 0.200 0.126
12 12.240 — — 0.377 — 0.299 0.240 0.151
15 15.300 0.728 0.588 0.471 0.437 0.373 0.300 0.239 0.189
18 18.701 — 0.719 0.575 0.534 0.456 0.366 0.292 —
21 22.047 — 0.848 0.678 0.630 0.538 0.432 —
24 24.803 — 0.954 0.763 0.709 0.605 0.486 —
27 27.953 — 1.075 0.860 0.799 0.682 0.548 —

Pressure Ratings for non-threaded PVC pipe, by

SDR
Water Pressure Rating at 73°F

SDR PVC 1120,

PVC 1220, PVC 2116 PVC 2112 PVC 2110
PVC 2120
11 400
13.5 315 250 200 160
17 250 200 125
21 200 160 100
26 160 125 80
32.5 125 100 63
35 118
41 100 80 50
51 80
64 63 50 NPR NPR
81 50

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Drain, waste and vent PVC pipe (nonpressurized)

Nominal Avg, Min.
size OD Wall Thickness

1¼ 1.660 0.140
1½ 1.900 0.145
2 2.375 0.154

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3 3.500 0.216
4 4.500 0.237
6 6.625 0.280
8 8.625 0.322
10 10.750 0.365
12 12.750 0.406
14 14.000 0.437
16 16.000 0.500
18 18.000 0.562
20 20.000 0.593
24 24.000 0.687

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Markings
PVC pipe is marked at intervals of not more than five feet. In practice, the marking is
usually a continuous string of characters printed the entire length of the pipe. The required
information differs slightly for different sizing systems, but in general it consists of, in this
order:

Nominal size.
If the pipe is an SDR size with a nominal size of 14 inches or more, a marking indicating
whether the size is an IPS size or a PIP size, as appropriate, for example, "IPS 18" or "PIP 18".
The material designation code, indicating the type of plastic. For example, “PVC 1120”.
If the pipe is a schedule 40, 80 or 120 size, the schedule number and the pressure rating in
pounds per square inch. For example, “sched 40 200 psi”. If the printed pressure rating is less
than @star
OR
For SDR sizes, either the SDR designation (for example "SDR21") or the working pressure, for
example "200 psi", except that if the pipe is intended for pressurized use, the pressure rating
in psi must be shown. If the working pressure is less than @, the SDR must also be given.
An ASTM specification number, for example “ASTM D 1785”. In placing this mark on the pipe,
the manufacturer is affirming that the pipe meets the specifications laid out in the referenced
ASTM standard.
Name and/or trademark of the manufacturer.
Production code. A possibly private code by which the manufacturer can identify exactly where
and when the pipe was made, even down to the machine that extruded it.
If the pipe is offered for carrying potable water, the seal or mark of the laboratory that
evaluated and approved using the pipe for this purpose.
If the pipe is intended for drain, waste and vent (DWV) use, a
In practice, schedule 40 pipe is often jointly certified for both potable water and DWV use and
so has markings for both.

In the absence of any conflicting regulation, a pipe that carries reclaimed water must
either be made of purple-dyed resin or have two continuous purple stripes on opposite sides of
the pipe, and it must be marked “RECLAIMED WATER” at intervals no greater than 5 feet.
Other color codes sometimes encountered: blue for potable water, green for .

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Types of PVC
PVC pipe is rigid, inexpensive, and highly resistant to corrosion.

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Max operating temperature 140° F. Because of this limitation, for the hot and cold water
systems in residences CPVC pipe
The code
PVC can be recycled (symbol at right). Pipes must be manufactured from virgin resin,
except that a factory may use scrap from its own production line as raw material.
PVC should not be stored in sunlight.
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Cementing fittings
solvent-cemented. fuse vs space filling by dissolved resin
cut square
fit
mark pipe and fittings so that the marks run across fitting and pipe, and thus show how
they are to be aligned.
clean
purple primer. Coat both the inside of the fitting and the exterior of the pipe.
cement. Different sizes of pipe require cement with different densities; cement for Don't
thin size of brush
give a quarter turn, aligning the marks you made earlier. For sizes over x inches in
diameter, a team of two people is required.
The colder the weather, the more difficult installing PVC pipe becomes. At low
temperatures the pipe itself becomes more likely to crack and the solvent takes longer to
evaporate. It is best to preassemble as much of the system as possible in a heated workshop.
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Installation
An assembled system should be tested with water, not compressed air or gas. Unlike
water, which is almost incompressible, compressed gas can store a lot of energy. If a pipe full
of compressed gas fails, the results can be catastrophic, i.e., fatal to those nearby.
Supported at each direction change and
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Thermal expansion
Length of PVC pipe: feet. Change in temperature: °F calculate

Change in length of pipe is inches.

[TOP]

Relevant standards
The ASTM standards are, of course, by ASTM International and can be purchased from
them at their website, astm.org, or by mail at. Big public libraries and most college libraries
have a set of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
ASTM D 1784. Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds and
Chlrorinated (CPVC) Compounds
ASTM D 1785. Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules
40, 80, and 120.
ASTM D 2241 Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe
(SDR Series).
ASTM D 2665. Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Drain, Waste,
and Vent Pipe and Fittings.
ASTM D 2729. Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Sewer Pipe and
Fittings.
ISO R161-1960. Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport of Fluids (Outside Diameters
and Nominal Pressures).
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Last revised: 8 May 2019.

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