CHAPTER 4

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. What was the major argument raised by Senator Francisco

“Soc” Rodrigo against the passage of the Rizal Bill?
 Senator Francisco Rodrigo's main argument was that Rizal's novels were meant to
aggressively target and mock the Catholic Church. Many Christian ideas were shattered
by Jose P.Rizal's works. According to Article III section I paragraph VII of the
Constitutional Provisions (1987), the novels contain parts that are contrary to the
student's beliefs, which is a violation of the Constitutional Provisions. It also contradicts
the Canon Law of 1933, according to Rodrigo (1956), and the writings are blatantly anti-
Catholic. "Let us not create a battle between nationalism and religion, between
government and church," he added.

2. What was the major argument raised by Senators Jose P. Laurel and Claro M. Recto in
support of the passage of the Rizal Bill?
 Senators Jose P.Laurel and Claro M. Recto made the main argument that there is a need
to remember with devotion the lives and deeds of Rizal, who shaped our national
character. Each generation should read his novels and works because they carry a strong
sense of nationality and morality. "Let the Filipino know the sacrifices and suffering of
previous individuals and events that will benefit and connect today's life and future,"
Laurel&Recte (1956) said.

3. Are there points of convergence between the supporters and opposers of the Rizal Bill
based on these statements?
 Yes, there are elements of convergence in both supporters and opponents' statements
about the Rizal Bill since they are still tied to the Bill's ideas about religion or morals that
should be preserved and disseminated by Filipinos.
 CHAPTER 5

Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)

NATION NATIONALISM

A nation is a community of people Nationalism is an idea and movement

formed based on a combination of that holds that the nation should be
shared features such as language, congruent with the state. As a
history, ethnicity, culture and/or movement, nationalism tends to promote
territory. A nation is thus the the interests of a particular nation,
collective identity of a group of especially with the aim of gaining and
people understood as defined by maintaining the nation's sovereignty
those features. over its homeland to create a nation
state.

Nation is a natural and ideal basis Nationalism holds that each nation

for a polity and that the nation is should govern itself, free from outside
the only rightful source of political interference (self-determination).
power.

STATE NATION STATE

Social Contract Theory a political unit where

the state and nation are
congruent

Divine Origin Theory

Organic Theory
 CHAPTER 6

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. How does the katipunan understand/make sense of the following?

a. State and Government

 They truly comprehend what an organization or government is all about, as seen by the
KKK's comprehension of the structure. The katipunan was formulated by the Supreme
Council, which was led by an elected President, when it was founded as a secret
administration. The secretary, treasurer, fiscal, and consuls in other places all followed
suit. The structure's simplicity prompted them to begin, and they later came together to
construct their platform.

b. Leadership

 They regard leadership as a noble and just endeavor. A leader who has the ability to
assess and treat people fairly, and who exclusively considers the country's best
interests. They want a country that is led by one of their own people. A country that is
not subject to external invasion.

2. How does the katipunan understand/make sense of the Filipino nation?

 Because katipunan are group of people who fight for our country to the colonize of the
Espanol.

3. What are your reflections on these writing about some important ideas of the Katipunan?

 The importance ideas of the katipunan is the(KKK) Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galangan,

Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan.The KKK is the obe who took the lead on the
revolution in 1898. The kartilya ng katipunan is where their news and laws are printed
kept by Gregoria De Jesus who is the spouse of Andres Bonifacio.
 CHAPTER 7

ACTIVITY

Questions:
Briefly answer the following:

1. How do Rizalista national heroes?

 The Rizalista religious movements refers to the new religious movement and a Form and
Folk Catholicism adopted by a number of ethnic religious groups in the Philippines that
believe in the divinity of Jose Rizal,the Philippines'de facto national hero.Some only see
as Rizal as spiritual guide.

2. What are the similarities between Jesus Christ and Rizal as seen by the millenarian
groups?
 The similarities between Jesus Christ and Rizal as seen by the millenarian groups is the
Unconditional Love that they both have for their country and people.

3. Name some influential women in various Rizalista groups and explain their significant
roles in their respective organizations.
 Since she was three years old, Maria Bernarda Balitaan has demonstrated extraordinary
action. She too felt she had been sent by Jesus in anticipation of his second coming.It all
started with the birth of Maria Bernarda Balitaan, who was born within a "bolang
lamad" when she was born from her mother's womb (a kind of soft tissue ball). The
mother's cousin was given the "ball," and she was instructed to toss it away. The cousin
did not throw it away because she felt compelled to do so by something. She instead
took it to the Holy Mountain and abandoned it there. Three days later, she went to the
mountain and handed the ball to a midwife, who promptly broke it. There was a small
girl within the ball, to my surprise.
 CHAPTER 8

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. Describe the background of Rizal’s ancestry that might have contributed to his life and
education.
 During their time, the Rizal family was one of the richest. They were seen as well-
educated, powerful, and affluent. Jose Rizal was born into a family of thirteen, including
his parents, Francisco Mercado ll and Teodora Alonso Realonda, as well as nine sisters
and a brother. Aside from Chinese ancestors, the Mercado-Rizal family included
Japanese, Spanish, Malay, and even Negrito ancestors. Jose Riza's mother was his first
teacher, teaching him to read and pray,as well as encouraging him to create poetry.
Later, before sending him to a private school in Bifian, private tutors taught the young
Rizal Spanish and Latin. At the age of eleven, he enrolled in the Ateneo Municipal de
Manila. Philosophical, physics, chemistry, and natural history were among his strongest
interests. Rizal chose ophthalmology in the University of Santo Tomas, Faculty of
Medicine and Surgery, after leaving that his mother was going blind. He was unable to
finish the race, though. Rizal flew to Europe to further his study in 1882, without
informing his parents. Rizal's second father, Paciano, pushed him to complete his study
in Europe in order to prepare for the gigantic job of freeing the Philippines from Spanish
rule.

2. Compare the experiences of Rizal as student in Ateneo Municipal, UST, and in Madrid.
 24 Filipino scholars, including this writer, were toured by UIMP administration and
Agencia Espaola de Cooperacion Internacional (AECI), in collaboration with the
Philippine Embassy in Madrid, during a stopover in Madrid from their studies at
Universidad Internacional Menendez Pelayo (UIMP) in Santander, to retrace Jose Rizal's
 footsteps as a young student and later as an expatriate in the Spanish capital in the late
nineteenth century. Rizal departed the Philippines on May 3, 1882, and arrived in
Madrid in September 1882, after finishing his medical studies at the University of Santo
Tomas. He studied medicine and painting at the Universidad Central de Madrid.

3. Who were the important persons that influenced Rizal in his intellectual pursuits?
 Rizal, on his last remaining days, composed his longest poem, Mi Ultimo Adios, which
was about his farewell to the Filipino people. When his mother and sisters visited him
on December 29,1896, Rizal gave away his remaining possessions. He handed his gas
lamp to his sister Trinidad and murmured softly in English, "There is something inside.
Eventually Trining and her sister Marla would extract from the lamp the copy of Rizal's
last poem.

4. What were Rizal’s activities in Dapitan and their impact?

 Rizal put forth a lot of effort in Dapitan. He prepared the soil by tilling it and planting
rice, corn, abaca, and a variety of fruit trees. He practiced as a physician and an
ophthalmologist. Developed housing for residents and a small hospital He also
contributed to the enhancement of the public square.

5. How would you assess Rizal's objection to the revolution?

 Jose Rizal, a wise, unprejudiced, astute, and ardent patriot who fought for the
Philippines' independence from Spain, left a complicated legacy that historians often
refer to as both hero and model. He criticizes changes advocated by non-scholars in his
writings, thinking that any reformer desiring liberty must be educated, and that violence
should never be used to achieve any reform. His belief that violence should not be
employed to achieve any kind of reform portrayed him as a reform skeptic.
 CHAPTER 9

Rizal’s Grand Tour of Europe with Viola (1887)

Create a worksheet containing the table illustrated below. Write the changes and
developments that were felt in the nineteenth-century Philippines. After listing the changes,
plot them within Rizal’s biography and write which aspects you think had direct or indirect
impact on Rizal while citing events in his life.

CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT RELATION TO RIZALS LIFE

ECONOMIC In the mid-1830s, the city was The prosperity which the
practically completely accessible to new export economy had
foreign traders. After the Suez brought to some may be
Canal was completed in 1869, illustrated by the case of
demand for Philippine sugar and Rizal’s Chinese ancestor
abaca (hemp) surged even faster, Domingo Lam-co. When he
and the volume of exports to had come to the Biñan
Europe increased even more. The hacienda. But on friar
rise of commercial agriculture gave haciendas, rising prosperity
rise to a new social class. Along had also brought friction
with the church's landholdings and between inquilinos and
the pre-Spanish nobility's rice haciendas as land grew in
estates, haciendas of coffee, hemp, value and rents were
and sugar arose, typically owned by raised. A combination of
 ambitious Chinese-Filipino traditional methods and
mestizos. Some of the families who modernizing efficiency led
rose to prominence in the to disputes, ultimately over
nineteenth century have remained who should reap the larger
influential in Philippine politics and part of the fruits of the
economics. economic boom.

POLITICAL The nineteenth century saw To a nationalist like Rizal

significant political and social the decision to separate
development, including from Spain had been made
educational, poverty, and public long since; it was, as the
health reforms, as well as franchise Spanish prosecutors noted
reform. The Home Office was in 1896 (with substantial
established in 1782 to oversee the correctness though with
domestic affairs of the United little respect for due legal
Kingdom, with a focus on law, process) a matter of when
order, and regulation. and how the Revolution
should come.

SOCIOCULTURAL In the Philippines, ideals of Rizal seeks out all evidence

liberalism began in this century. It of a Filipino civilization
was mostly because middle and before the coming of the
lower-class Filipinos, as well as Spaniards and tries to show
privileged illustrados, had access to how the intervening three
education. Because of the centuries have meant
intellectualization brought about by decline rather than
access to education, Rizal's idea of progress. At the same time,
liberalism, which he gained from he emphasizes Filipino
studying in Europe, where the idea values, contrasting them
of freedom and reform was shaped, with the Spanish and
was easily promoted in the country. extolling the
There was also a significant accomplishment of his
increase in the number of Filipinos people.
who were able to speak in Spanish,
which is critical for the spread of
liberal ideals and the establishment
of movements. Spaniards, on the
other hand, erected new social
stratifications that discriminated
against the inhabitants of the land.
Peninsulares, or Spaniards born in
Spain but living in the Philippines,
are the highest socioeconomic class
in the Philippines.
 CHAPTER 10

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. What can you say about the conditions of the cigarreras in Manila?

 Pollution can cause mudslides, contaminate soils and streams, and even kill plants and
animals. Pollution causes harm to humans on a regular basis. Long-term air pollution
exposure, for example, can cause chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, and other
illnesses.

2. What do these excerpts reveal about the life in nineteenth century Manila?

 The 19th century saw the emergence of the middle class, with land becoming the
principal source of wealth due to cash crops and the ability to buy buildings; it also saw
the emergence of technological links across the Philippines' dispersed islands.

3. How can these excerpts be related to a discussion about the situation of women in
nineteenth century Manila?

 The cigarreras (tobacco factory employees), matronas titulares (licensed midwives),

maestras (teachers), and other female jobs were investigated.
 CHAPTER 11

In Hong Kong and Macao 1888

Questions:

Provide the required information on the given spaces.

1. Type of document (Encircle the letter that corresponds to your answer.)

a. newspaper
b. letter
c. map
d. report
e. diary
f. others; please specify:________

2. Date of the document: July 13, 1886

3. Author of the document: Dr. Jose P. Rizal
4. Who is the audience of this documents? Ferdinand Blumentritt
5. List three things in the document that are important:

The warmth of the friendship between the middle-aged German scholar and the young
Rizal springs forth from almost every letter in the correspondence between these two
men.
Blumentritt seems to have had an influence on Rizal in many aspects. At the publication
of each of his books, it was to Blumentritt that Rizal looked for approval and it was his
judgement that he valued most.
Rizal's letter expresses deep affection he felt, and the influence Blumentritt must have
had on him.

6. Why was this document written? Cite pieces of evidence in the document that support your
answer.

Upon learning that Blumentritt is learning Tagalog he sent him a book of arithmetic
written in Tagalog.
4. "Esteemed Sir: Having heard that Your Lordship is studying our language and
that you have already published some works on the subject, I take the liberty of
sending you a  valuable book written in that language by a countryman of mine".
 When he came to publish his edition "Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas of Antonio de Morga,
it was Blumentritt he asked to write the Prologue.
5. "My greatest request is," Rizal asks, "write the foreword as if you were not fond
of me, as if you did not know me. Criticize what you do not like, commend what you
find true”

Rizal ask Blumentritt to translate the Noli Me Tangere.

6. "Here, I am sending my book to you. It is my first book, although I have already
written much and received some prizes for poetry." It is the first impartial and
courageous book about the life of the Tagalogs, Rizal commented. The Filipinos would
find here their history of the past ten years. Rizal was reckoning with the counter-
attack of the government and the friars but put his trust in the God of truth. "I am
giving here an answer to everything that has been written about us and that has
happened to us."

7. List two things that tell you about life in the Philippines at the time the document was
written.

During that time Filipinos suffered from the Spanish colonizers.

Filipino people cries and woes of his countrymen against abusive officials.

8. Write a question to the author that is not answered by the document.

Did Ferdinand Blumentritt finish translating the novel Noli Me Tangere?

 CHAPTER 12

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. What is Rizal’s main message in this letter?

 Rizal expressed his strong wish for Filipino women to have the same educational
opportunities as males in the letter. He also urged women to be aware of their rights
and not to be complacent in the face of numerous injustices. Men and women are born
with the same rights.

2. List two things in the letter that support Rizal's main message.
 Revenge and Justice

3. What does the letter tell you about nineteenth century Philippines?
 Despite his hardships, he persisted in his efforts to serve his country, eventually
producing his finest works, the books Noll Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which led
to his premature death but also to an enduring position in the hearts and thoughts of his
countrymen. For the sake of the Native Land's well-being. We will have accomplished
our difficult objective, which is the development of the Filipino nation, when all Filipinos
think like him [Del Pilar] and like us. That nation, according to Rizal, was one free of
injustice, oppression, and corruption. May today's Filipinos finally begin to respond to
Rizal's ageless challenge.

4. Write a question that was left unanswered by the letter.

 Rizal mentions three people, but who are they?

5. Where would you find the possible answer to your question?

 There are numerous publications that can assist me in answering my question, and I can
conduct some study on the subject.
 CHAPTER 13

ACTIVITY

1. What are the aims of the newspaper, La Solidiridad?

La Solidaridad was established and aimed to express the goal of the Propaganda
Movement towards achieving assimilation with Spain. The first issue of La Solidaridad
came out on February 15, 1889. A fortnightly and a bi-weekly newspaper, La Solidaridad
serves as the principal organ of the Reform Movement in Spain.

2. What are the ill effect of “theocracy” and conservatism?

The ill effects of theocracy can be detrimental to the people who do not align
with the state's official beliefs. It can be used as a tool or excuse to exterminate or
oppress a minority religion. Ultra-Conservatism on the other hand suppresses
innovation making it harder to progress forward for a country adopting this kind of
ideology.

3. What does that article tell you about nineteenth century Philippines?

The 19th century Philippines tell us about Philippine Revolution, Filipino

independence struggle that, after more than 300 years of Spanish colonial rule, exposed
the weakness of Spanish administration but failed to evict Spaniards from the islands.

The 19th century Philippines formed the opinion that the Filipinos had to live in
complete control and influence of the government. These events were crucial to the
formation of Rizal's love for his country because he observed the many injustices which
were being done to the Filipinos.

4. What is propagandist?

Propagandist is someone who produces or spreads propaganda, a person who

spreads ideas, facts, or allegations deliberately to further a cause or to damage an
opposing cause.
 5. Based on the article, what are the propagandists’ view of progress?

The main view of the progress of the propagandist is to create reforms within
the Philippines. Students, who created the movement, desired the Philippines to be
stated as a province of Spain and to be represented inside the Spanish Cortes.

CHAPTER 14

ACTIVITY

Answer the questions pertaining to the setting of the novel.

1. Is the novel set in a particular time period?

Yes, Noli Me Tangere is a novel written by José Rizal, one of the national heroes
of the Philippines. The setting of the novel was in the 19 th century Philippines,
specifically at Manila, during the latter years of the country as colony of Spain in Asia.
Noli me Tangere is the first novel written by Filipino patriot and national hero Dr. José P.
Rizal in 1887 and published in Germany. The story line goes detailed with the society of
the Philippines during Spanish colonial period and features aristocracy behind poverty
and abuse of colonialists.

2. Where do the events take place? Are there multiple locations?

Jose Rizal’s novel “Noli Me Tangere” mainly took place in San Diego in the
province of Laguna. This is where the main character Crisostomo Ibarra came from. The
story also mentioned that he studied in Europe. Upon his arrival, he was invited to stay
at Anloague Street in the city of Manila. They also took a boat ride at Laguna de Bay
where they witnessed a crocodile in the water. The plot centered within San Diego
Laguna but since portions of the story took place elsewhere, yes there were have a
multiple locations.
 CHAPTER 15

ACTIVITY

After Reading the novel, complete the table to describe the setting of the novel. Cite the
chapters where the descriptions appear.
 Aspects Description

The town of San Diego has a lot of flat plains and

mountains, making farming its primary business. However,
because of the Filipino farmers' ignorance, the products
The town of San Diego they produce are sold at a very cheap price to the Chinese
buyers.

CHAPTER 10- SAN DIEGO

At the beginning of the novel, Rizal describes Captain

Tiago's house in detail, telling the reader about the
The house of Capitan
intricate paintings, decorative furniture, lamps, birdcages,
Tiago
and more that fill his large house.

CHAPTER 6- CAPITAN DIEGO

In his novel Noli me Tangere, José Rizal describes Manila

as dreary, unmodern and unlovely. The trees around the
Manila
plazas are withered, the unpaved streets choke people
with dust on dry days and turn into slurry on rainy days,
and the architecture is uninspiring. Rizal was writing in the
late nineteenth century and the city is seen through the
eyes of the novel’s protagonist, Crisostomo Ibarra who,
readers learn, has just recently returned to the Philippines
after an absence of several years.

CHAPTER 8- RECOLLECTIONS

Pasig River He described the ducks wading through its clear waters,
Pasig River fishermen casting their nets, people bathing,
women washing their laundry, children cavorting and
splashing waters to passing watercraft, and the colorful
spectacle of villages along the river banks.

CHAPTER 7- AN IDYL ON AN AZOTEA

The townspeople San Diego is not run by the figures one might expect.
Captain Tiago, for instance, is influential but doesn’t have
control. Even the mayor doesn’t command much power,
as he does whatever he’s told. Not even God controls the
town since the citizens of San Diego hardly ever think
about Him. Despite their frequent church visits.

CHAPTER 11 – SOVEREIGNTY

The Church and the CHAPTER 30 – IN THE CHURCH

clergy
The church fills up so quickly that it’s difficult for attendees
to breathe. Ibarra sits in a corner, and when Father
 CHAPTER 16

ACTIVITY

Complete the table below by identifying what the major characters in Noli Me Tangere
symbolize in relation to colonial Philippines society.

Character Symbolism

Crisostomo Ibarra
This character
symbolizes those people
who
experienced violence
from the colonizers and
the
possibilities of the pain
received from them to
turn into a heart that
desires freedom from
and
revenge for the
spaniards
This character
symbolizes those people
who
experienced violence
from the colonizers and
the
possibilities of the pain
received from them to
turn into a heart that
desires freedom from
and
revenge for the
spaniards
This character symbolizes those people who experienced violence
from the colonizers and the possibilities of the pain received from
 them to turn into a heart that desires freedom from and revenge for
the Spaniards.

Maria Clara
this character
symbolizes those people
who were
oppressed by the
colonizers. They had this
desire
for change, so they
expressed it with
writings and
other ways they could to
express their love for
their country and their
hope for freedom and
own
 identity. This character
showed that no matter
who you are, and what
you are in your society,
you are capable of loving
your country and
fighting for it
This character symbolizes those people who were oppressed by the
colonizers. They had this desire for change, so they expressed it with
writings and other ways they could to express their love for their
country and their hope for freedom and own identity. This character
showed that no matter who you are, and what you are in your
society, you are capable of loving your country and fighting for it.

Capitan Tiago Captain Tiago represents the Filipinos who believed what the friars
said about salvation. Filipinos were forced to adapt the Spaniard's
culture, then we forget our own. This character showed how fearful
some of the Filipinos had become that they just followed the friars'
orders to avoid disgrace and to receive the blessings they needed to
live. In addition, this character showed their dependence to the
orders of the colonizers which made them forget their true identity
and their right and capability to decide for themselves.
Padre Damaso This character showed the brutality and unlawful treatment of the
colonizers to the Filipinos before. He represents those colonizers
who oppressed the Filipinos and removed their rights in their own
country. Padre Damaso was a symbol of all violence and reasons to
fight against the colonizers of the Philippines and reclaim the
sovereignty the Spaniards stole from the Filipinos.

Sisa
The character of Sisa is a
mother of two, who
went out of her mind
when she cannot find
her
children. In relation to
colonial Philippine
Society,
we can say that this
character represents the
oppressed people of the
colonized country in
which they can’t further
 express what they are
thinking or feeling. We
can also say that her
character represents the
motherland who suffers
from the hands of
colonizers.
The character of Sisa is a mother of two, who went out of her mind
when she cannot find her children. In relation to colonial Philippine
Society, we can say that this character represents the oppressed
people of the colonized country in which they can’t further express
what they are thinking or feeling. We can also say that her character
represents the motherland who suffers from the hands of
colonizers.

Pilosopo Tasio A well-educated man, who does not believe in those who says that
the friars should be worshipped. He is one of the characters that
might represent Rizal’s submission to the colonizers, Tasio
symbolizes those people who think before getting into action, and
considers the government’s authority because he knew for a fact
that action without a concrete plan will only end in more suffering

Doña Victorina Her character only shows ambitiousness of oneself. She tries her
best to fit into a society that will never welcome her as theirs
because she is never born a Spanish. She is one of those who have
distorted view of their identity. Everything that is foreign, is superior
and above what or who is on our native land.

Basilio His character to the novel Noli Me Tanger is a young boy who
 witnessed how the church dominates the native people and rule the
religion saying things that are not even based with facts

CHAPTER 17

ACTIVITY

Aspect of Rizal’s observations as depicted in the Noli Your observations in the present
Society M Tangere context

Government  The government was  Corruption is rampant

and officials administered by self-seekers.  Honest and sincere
 Honest and sincere officials were officials are few.
few.  Some government
 Corruption was rampant. officials are abusive to
 The head of the Philippines is the their powers.
governor-general.  Some of them controlled
 Civil guards, friars and other the prices of the crops
government officials use their such as rice (Sen. Cynthia
power to abuse, mistreat civilians
and control those whom they
believe would be detrimental
to the Spanish rule
Church and  Friars used the Catholic Church  Abuses and threats by
religion amass wealth and to perpetuate priest ceases or at least
themselves into power, ex: lowered.
selling indulgences.  Church and State is
 Controlled townspeople with separate. The church
threats of ex: communication, can’t control the state
punishment and accusations of nor the State control the
heresy. church.
 Church has unmitigated control
over the government officials.
 Spanish used religion as a way to
rule and to govern as tyrant.
 Friars commercialize religion
through simony and plenary
indulgence.

Education  Unequal opportunity to education.  Equal opportunity to

 Limited higher education. education.
 The novel also dealt with the poor  Government fund more
education in the country. School in education. Like free
buildings were lacking in the town, tuition fees.
for fund allocation were corrupted
by the priests for fiesta celebration.

Romantic  Traditional Filipina was expected  Traditional Filipina are

relationships to play “hard-to-get” as if she’s now few.
not interested and has to  Man can court wherever
maintain shyness, modesty and and whenever he wants.
reserved even if she has feeling for Some even court through
 her admirer in order for her to chat, call or text.
see and know whether he’s
sincere and serious about his
feelings for her.
 Man has to court first the family
members of the girl before going
out on a friendly date

Pastimes/  Fishing  Today's generation,

hobbies  Fencing, learned the game of judo, majority of the people
a chess master, gunslinger (almost are addicted to mobile
nobody knows that he was a good games and forgot to play
gun slinger), and writing novels and like chess or other indoor
poems. activities.

The rich and  The rich and the privileged become  The poor are oppressed
the poor conspirators and act like blind by the rich and have
agents and executioners behind power.
the schemes of exploitation,  Those who are poor and
violence and abuses of the Catholic innocent are being
Church. accused of something
 Poor people were like ghost they did not do.
figures, the impoverished among  The poor keep getting
the colonized. poorer and the rich
 The poor keep getting poorer richer.
and the rich richer.  Social stratification
"tatsulok" is still in
present time. And as long
as they (rich) areon top
the chaos wont be over.

Life in the city  Microcosm of Philippine society  Social stratification and

and its social and political political Hierarchy is also
hierarchy. Life under the Spanish at present.
colonial system. Chaos and many
have suffered.
 CHAPTER 18

ACTIVITY

Questions:

1. What impression of the Filipinos do you get from the reading Morga’s description of the
type of food the natives eat? Which particular phrase gives you this impression?

A part of this excerpt is “They prefer meat and fish, saltfish which begin to
decompose and smell” which, to any reader would depict that the type of food natives
eat, such as meat and fish are rotten. It gives the reader an interpretation that the food
that Filipinos eat before are already spoiled, which can give the Filipinos an impression
of disgust.

2. What is Rizal’s purpose in writing an annotation about the food preferences of the
English, Spaniards, and Chinese?

The reason why Rizal, in his annotation, used other countries’ rare food
preferences, is to show that just like them, Filipinos too have their own food or dish that
is unfamiliar to foreign. This only shows that, each country has their own culture, where
in such case, can be seen in the food, its natives eat.

3. How did Morga portray the Filipinos?

In this excerpt, De Morga, showed how Filipinos are scared of these animals, and
would put barriers so as for them not to be reached, but he was also trying to imply that
by putting these barriers, show a fine line between the superiority of Filipinos to the
animals, and that they should be given respect.
4. In Rizal’s subsequent annotation, what does he mean when he says “Perhaps for the
same reason, other nations have great esteem for the lion and bear, putting them on
their shields and giving them honorable epithets”?

Filipino’s worship and protect crocodiles, like how other nations treat lions and
bears, because it represents the culture of the Filipinos. Rizal sees crocodiles as the
embodiment of our ancestors therefore these should be respected and honored. Also,
the crocodiles back then symbolized physical power. What Rizal wanted to say was that
the crocodiles are linked to the Filipino culture and identity, and that the crocodiles
somehow reflect the Filipinos during that time. The crocodiles bring us pride so they
should be protected and honored.

5. In general, what is Rizal’s motive in writing his annotations of Morga’s work? How does
this fit into the aims of other propagandists working for reforms during this time?

Rizal wanted to correct Morga's claims about the Philippines so the Philippines
will not be wronged by the foreigners who have read Morga's. Also, Rizal wanted to
point out that before Morga's arrival, before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, we
had our own life. For Rizal, it is important for the propagandists to be aware of the
history of the Philippines before the arrival of Spaniards so they know what to aim for,
what to look for reform. Because back when Spaniards weren't present, the Philippines
already had freedom, the natives had identity. What Rizal wanted for propagandists was
to ask for reform which will bring back what we were when Spaniards weren't here.
 CHAPTER 19

El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent (1891)

Form yourselves into groups of three to four members. Choose one article from the headlines
section of a recent issue of a local newspaper. Reflect on the article by annotating the text. Use
the following pointers to help you write your annotations.

1. Define words. Look up and write down definitions of unfamiliar words.

1. Hogtied - to tie together the feet of

2. Gagged - to restrict use of the mouth of by inserting something into it to prevent speech
or outcry
3. Commotion - noisy confusion
4. Ensued - happen or occur afterward or as a result.
5. Gory - Bloodstained
6. Blisters - a small bubble on the skin filled with serum and caused by friction, burning, or
other damage -
7. Drenched - wet thoroughly
8. Bruises -  an injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a
blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.

2. Relate certain portions to other parts of the article.

I couldn’t imagine how broken-hearted Mr. and Mrs. Maguod was. “Tears kept falling his
cheeks as Mr. Maguad recounted the moments when he saw how his children Crizzle Gwen and
Crizzule Louis brutally murdered.” Indeed, death is our enemy. We knew that. But in the case of
Crizzle Gwen and Crizzule Louis, it is the horrified and intentional killing of a heartless criminal.
No matter what the reason of the criminal behind the scenes is void for me.

3. Relate certain ideas to what you have read from other materials.

As I read other material related to the news article, I have had seen many people sharing their
thoughts. Some people believe that maybe the root cause of the incident was related to the
issue between Mrs. Maguad and her uncles. Many loopholes could directly point to the survivor
and that her reasons are inconsistent.

4. Re-write by Paraphrasing or summarizing portions that you find difficult to understand.

At about 3:15 PM, Mr. Maguad arrived at their house. While opening the gate he saw a blanket
soaked with blood. He also saw a knife outside the main door. He kept calling his son “Boyboy,
Boyboy” as he entered the house through the back door. In their living room, he saw his
children bathed in their blood. Crizzle has multiple injuries and wounds in her body lying in
front of the second door. While near the main door he saw Crizzule with his feet tied together
and mouth inserted something to prevent him from screaming.

5. Relate certain ideas to your own experiences.

Making mistakes is normal, yet intentionally doing so is a sin. There are many factors why an
individual makes mistakes. It could be out of anger, jealousy, envious and greed. Sometimes, it
could be because of mental illness. I admit that I make mistakes quickly when I'm angry. Then it
is pleasing to control our emotions.

6. Explain the context behind the article you have read.

I couldn't find any reason for Jasmine to commit such a crime. The Maguad Family welcomed
her and treated her well. In the article that we have read, we looked for possible reasons. It
could be because she was an orphan and felt jealous of Crizzel and Crizulle having a complete
family and a comfortable home. Or maybe they had a misunderstanding. The article added that
they is hatred in the part of the killer.

7. Analyze or interpret what is being said in the text.

At the crime scene, they found a hammer, a baseball bat, knife, and pieces of bottles. They
keep the hammer in a place where only Crizzle and Jasmine know. It's either of the two who
took out the hammer.

There are many loopholes in the suspect's explanation.

Without a thorough investigation, just based on the news article, a video interview of Mr.
Maguad, and statements from different people, we can conclude that the survivor is also the
criminal.

CHAPTER 20
 ACTIVITY

Write an essay reflecting on the ideas Rizal presented in his work, “On the Indolence of the
Filipinos.’’ Do you believe that indolence is an inherent trait among the Filipinos? Do you agree
or disagree with the reason Rizal presented? Why or why not?

I agree or believe that there is indolence in our country. Even if they have
enough time and opportunity, many people today do not work and prefer to stay at
home or on the street. Some of these are referred to as "tambays," but when and where
did this mentality begin? What are the factors that lead to this mindset?

Rizal portrayed people in tropical and non-tropical areas, according to what I

read. When it's hot, especially at noon, individuals in tropical countries don't work as
much. It's because they need to rest due to the heat of the sun. Countries with four
seasons, on the other hand, must put in a lot of effort in the spring and fall.

Without referring to the material in the book, I can demonstrate that Filipinos in
those days (Spanish and pre-colonial periods) were not lazy. This may be seen in
Banaue's Rice Terraces, where Filipinos are ready to start planting and harvesting their
veggies and crops at daybreak (before sunrise). When Miguel Lopez de Legazpi arrived,
he noted that the people were well fed, generous, lively, and hardworking.

The Philippines was devastated when the Spaniards arrived on our shores.
Almost all farms and communities were under their control. Many Filipinos gave up their
jobs, lands, and even their lives as a result. They began to gamble as adults to improve
their situation.

Today, the indolence and hopeless mentality stays toward the masses. Many
corrupt officials, unsettled reforms, poverty, misdistribution of money and taxes,
illiteracy, slow progress, etc. are still there! HISTORY TRULY REPEATS ITSELF.

Education and complete analysis of this facts is very important, not only these
days, but also to the next generation.

CHAPTER 21
 ACTIVITY

Character End Story

Simoun At the end of the novel, Simoun/Ibarra find Padre

Florentino and confesses his entire story to him.
Then, he was shot by a civil guard during his escape
and sought refuge at Father Florentino's house.

Basilio Fired at by the Guardia Civil, Basilio was grazed by a

bullet before returning home, comforted by his
mother. Telling her what had happened, Basilio later
fell asleep, dreaming of his brother being beaten and
killed by the sacristan mayor and Padre Salvi.

Maria clara Maria Clara fell ill and died from distraught. She
committed suicide after learning that her lover,
Crisostomo Ibarra had been killed.

Padre salvi When Ibarra began making efforts to establish a

school in San Diego, Padre Salvi conspired to have
him killed. To this end, he had the derrick operator
drop the cornerstone on Ibarra during the
cornerstone-laying ceremony for Ibarra's school, only
for the plan to be foiled by Elias.

Kabesang tales He used the revolver to kill the 3 people he saw on

his land, which are the friar or “prayle”, the man who
works on his land, and his wife. After killing them,
Cabesang Tales then beheaded them and stuffed dirt
on their mouths.

CHAPTER 22

ACTIVITY

1. What does filibustero mean?

Filibustero means a person who is against the Roman Catholic.

2. Why did Rizal dedicate EL filibusterismo to Gamburza?

Rizal dedicated EL filibusterismo to the "Three Martyrs", GomBurZa (Fr. Mariano

Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora) because he believed that the three
martyrs was only a victim of cruelty and loss of justice. They were blamed, with a
Sgt. Lamadrid, to be the leader of Cavite Mutiny on January 1872 and sentenced
by garote on February that year.

3. What were the struggles of Rizal went through to publish EL Fili?

The publication of the book was stopped because of financial problem. By the
help of Dr. Valentin Ventura, the publication resumed and was finished on
September 1891. As a favor, Dr. Rizal gave the original manuscript of the novel
with an autographed copy of the book.

4. Choose a character in the novel. What does he/she symbolize in relation to Philippines
society today?

5. After reading Rizal’s two novels, how will you appraise Rizal as novelists?

I appraise him in high regard because he became the voice of many Filipinos. He
also sacrificed his life in order to raise the Philippine flag. He left so many
inspiring and remarkable legacies for us Filipinos. "Noli Me Tangere" is one of his
masterpieces and is still part of our history. "Noli Me Tangere" and "El
Filibusterismo" expose the ills of Philippine society; government corruption,
abuse; and on a larger scale, the effects of colonization on people's lives.

CHAPTER 23

ACTIVITY

Relate to the following characters to current social issues they represent and justify your
answer.
 Character Current social issues he/she represents

Kabesang tales He symbolizes the natives and farmers whose lands were
seized by the friars. His story presents the cause of the
revolution. His character symbolizes the voice of the
minorities, injustices received by the less fortunate.

Placido penitente He represents the people who have yet to cultivate the
nationalistic attitude. He represents the youth, especially
the students, for they become indecisive and tend to act
rashly He is a brilliant debater and one of the best
Latinists even though his hatred of classes is well-known
even among his fellow students Smart shaming
DEPRESSION.

Padre camorra He represents old men who lust over young women,
women abuse, or sexual harassment. He is a lustful priest
in San Diego.

Hermana penchang “Banal banalan” judgmental undue influence of rich

people. She represents as Sagpang's rich pusakal
(gambler). She considers herself as an ally of the friars.
She offers Juli to be her maid so the latter can obtain
money to free Kabesang Tales. Disbelieving of Juli and her
close friends.

Juli She represents innocence, bravery, and as someone who

would rather suffer with pride and honor. When her
family falls into debt, she decided to become a servant
rather than sell the locket that was given to her that was
once a possession of Maria Clara's. She represents the
Philippines which would rather suffer with pride and
honor.

CHAPTER 24
 ACTIVITY

1. In terms of the themes tackled in the novels, compare and contrast Noli M Tangere and
EL Filibusterismo.

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo have similarities in terms of aim

and purpose. Both aim to enlighten the Filipinos on what is happening in the
country. They want the people to fight for their country and have the total
freedom.

However, they are different in many cases. Noli Me Tangere is a societal

novel. It is a Latin word meaning "Touch Me Not" and it was dedicated to his
Inang Bayan, the Philippines. While El Filibusterismo is a political novel. It comes
from the word "filibustero" which means a person who is against the Roman
Catholic. This was dedicated to the "Three Martyrs", GomBurZa (Fr. Mariano
Gomez, Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora).

2. Choose three most important characters in the novel and explain why you consider
them such.

CHAPTER 25

ACTIVITY

Read Rizal’s essay, “The Philippines a Century Hence.” Then, make a worksheet like the one
below and fill it out. Copy one quotation from the essay that has caught your attention under
the Quotation heading. Under the Comments section, take into consideration the following
questions: (a) What does the quotation remind you of? (b) Do you agree or disagree and why?
(c) How does the quotation relate to the class discussions? (d) What are your reflections on the
quotation Under the Questions, write down the questions that come to your mind while
reading the quotation from Rizal’s essay.

Quotation Comments Questions

Law has no skin; reason has A. The quotation E. What will happen if
no nostrils”. reminds me that no all people act just
matter your gender, what the quote
(The Philippines: A Century
age, beliefs, culture, portrays?
Hence) we are all equal.
B. Yes. I agree with that F. Why did Rizal utter
quotation. Either rich that quote?
or poor, you sinned
you need to pay for
it.
C. The quote could be
related in the class
discussion by letting
everyone share their
thoughts and accept
it without judgment
or favoritism.
D. The quotation taught
me to be fair in my
judgement. To view
everyone fairly.
However, it
saddened me
because nowadays
that quotation is not
valid. Some favored
someone just
because of his status
in life, authority, and
power. Thus, almost
all experience
injustices