REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Dr. M. Renu, 2019- The study entitled “A Survey on the preference of salaried class on various
investment options available to them” was conducted in Chennai city. This survey was
undertaken to know the most preferred investment of salaried class. There are various investment
options available such as Bank Deposits, Shares, Mutual funds, Post office Savings, Insurance,
Gold, Real Estate and others. Every individual’s investment option and plan differs according to
his purpose of saving, income level, percentage of income he is willing to save and the
knowledge he possesses towards the investment options. There are many other factors based on
which an individual’s investment preference differs like current market trend, seasonal
fluctuations, business cycle, interest rate , etc,. The basic idea behind this survey is to find out the
most preferred investment based on different criteria like purpose of saving, percentage of
income saved, investment objective and frequency of savings. The results have been derived out
by the way of analysis and interpretation of the collected data, using various statistical tools.
Mr. Firos Khan MC,2019- “A study of saving and investment avenues of
Salaried class people with reference to Kerala”. The investment aims at the multiplication of
money at higher or lower rates depending upon whether it is long term or short term
investment and whether it is risky or risk-free investment. Investment activity involves the
creation of assets or exchange of assets with a profit motive. Most of the investments are
considered to transfers of financial assets from one person to another. Various investments
options are available with the differing risk-reward trade-off. Finance refers to the concept of
deferred consumption which may involve purchasing an asset, giving a loan or keeping funds
in a bank account to generate future returns. An understanding of the core concepts and a
thorough analysis of the options can help investor create a portfolio that maximizes returns
while minimizing risk exposure
Supriya Kumawat & Dr. Sunita Totala , 2019- “A study on investment preference of
salaried persons and income tax consideration”. This research paper is concerned with
investment of salaried individuals in availing the tax benefits. It deals with what are their
objectives and preferences of investment. Various factors like, people’s desire, preference to
financial assets, previous knowledge regarding investment, their ability to think, risk
perception level have been discussed which can be helpful in deciding preferences in
investment and taking proper decisions. The research study explored about the awareness of
the employees with respect to deductions available under the Income Tax about Mutual Fund,
Provided Fund, Insurance and Professional Tax, traditional schemes like PPF, Life Insurance,
Post Office Savings Schemes, etc.
Megha gowda , 2019 –“ A survey on the preference of salaried class on various Investment mba
finance project report” is the employment of funds with the aim of getting return on it. It is the
commitment of funds which have been saved from current consumption with the hope that some
benefits will accrue in future. Thus, it is a reward for waiting for money. So the first step to
investment is savings. Financial products serve as an investment vehicle and provide investors
with the requisite financial security based on the financial products ‘ risk-return profile. In the
past, banks (deposit account, credit account), Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) and postal
services provided traditional financial products in India.
In recent years, however, with the introduction of financial services industry liberalization, differ
ent financial products have been introduced, such as mutual funds, bonds, derivatives,
life insurance schemes and non-life insurance schemes. Investment preference differs from
person to person, as each individual acts differently when investing. A survey on the preference
of salaried class on various investment options available mba finance project report In common
usage, saving generally means putting money aside, for example, by putting money in the bank
or investing in a pension plan. In a broader sense, saving is typically used to refer to
economizing, cutting costs, or to rescuing someone or something.
Prof. Sanket L.Charkha & Dr. Jagdeesh R. Lanjekar, 2018 -“A Study Of Saving And
Investment Pattern Of Salaried Class People With Special Reference To Pune City (India)”.
Investment is an type of activity that is engaged in by the people who have to do savings i.e.
investments are made from their savings, or in other words it is the people invest their savings. A
variety of different investment options are available that are bank, Gold, Real estate, post
services, mutual funds & so on much more. Investors are always investing their money with the
different types of purpose and objectives such as profit, security, appreciation, Income stability.
Researcher has here in this paper studied the different types and avenues of investments as well
as the factors that are required while selecting the investment with the sample size of 60 salaried
employees by conducting the survey through questionnaire in Pune city of, India. Actually, here
the present study identifies about the preferred investment avenues among individual investors
using their own self-assessment test. The researcher has analyzed and found that that salaried
employees consider the safety as well as good return on investment that is invested on regular
basis. Respondents are much more aware about the different investment avenues available in
India except female investors.
Sevilay USLU DİVANOĞLU1 and Haşim BAĞCI ,2018-“A Study on Behavior and
Preferences of Individual Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”.In their study
they have analysed that investors are not only influenced by economic and financial indicators
whenever they are making the decision but the past experiences also play a very important role.
Bharti Wadhwa , Anubha Vashisht and Aakanksha Uppal , 2017-“A Study on Behavior and
Preferences of Individual Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”. In their study
they have researched that financial inclusion has important effect on the economy because of the
higher savings collected from investors of the bottom of pyramid.
Ramya .K Dr. Kalpana .M ,2017- “A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”. In their study they have concluded that a
strong correlation exists between attitude and intention towards trading. They also told that the
personality related factors also impact the trading behavior of the investor.
Sunita totala, 2016- “Investment preferences of salaried persons of indore”. Salaried persons
receive a definite amount out of which they are to spend for maintenance and provident for
future with the help of investment. It is very difficult to decide about to investment because
investment depends upon so many factors like gender, age, family background, profession,
educations, health status, taxation, number of dependent members, number of other earning
members, ancestral property, retirement age, type of employer, etc. So, the study aims to decide
about investment by salaried persons and the problem is that how much amount, at what stage, at
what income level, for what time period, in which portfolio assets, with what objective, with
what risk assumption, should be invested in taking care of risk and return, maturity period,
earnings and appreciations, safety and security, liquidity, lock in period, cost of transaction,
return, capital appreciation, etc. In the field of behavioral finance investment is not done only on
profit earning motive but it has inputs of psychological needs, aspirations and satisfactions. Data
analysis has been done on the basis of percent analysis. The study concludes that ten factors
predominantly decide the individual investment patterns and people differ on the basis of annual
income, age, gender and profession while investing.
Dr.G.Shanthi, & R.Murugesan, 2016 -“Investment preferences of salaried women
employees”. The investors have a lot of investment avenues to park their savings. The risk and
returns available from each of these investment avenues differ from one avenue to another. The
investors expect more returns with relatively lesser risks. In this regard, the financial advisors
and consultants offer various suggestions to the investors. Investment is an activity that is
engaged in by people who have savings i.e. investments are made from savings, or in other
words people invest their savings. A variety of investment options are available such as bank,
Gold, Real estate, post services, mutual funds and so on. Investors are investing their money with
the different objectives such as profit, security, appreciation and Income stability. Researcher has
studied the different avenues of investments as well as the factors while selecting the investment
with the sample size of 60 respondents by conducting the survey through questionnaire in
Namakkal district, Tamilnadu. The study is based on personal interviews with salaried women
employees using a structured questionnaire. The study is based on primary data which are
collected by distribution of a close ended questionnaire. The data has been analyzed using
percentage analysis and chi-square test. The researcher has analyzed that salaried women
employees consider the safety as well as high return on investment on regular basis.
Shukla,2016-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual Investors towards Investments
with Special Reference”. The study focused on the salaried person only. The author concluded
that majority of the respondents invested their money based on education background and they
invested in purchasing home and long-term investment. Respondents have the criteria of
investment as safety and low risk.
Shalini Gautam and Mitu Matta,2016-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”.The two factors which need to be
considered while studying financial behavior are the duration of investments and household
annual income. It is important that schools should spread awareness and educate the students
about various financial instruments.
Sathiyamoorthy and Kirshanmurthy(2015), have revealed in their study,” Investment Pattern
And Awareness of Salaried Class Investors in Tiruvannamalai District of Tamil Nadu”, that
to understand the investment pattern and awareness towards salaried class investors. To
further analyze the factors influencing the investors perception and awareness regarding
investment pattern. The results highlight that most of the salaried class look after safety of
their investment rather than high returns. It further reveals that factors like education level, age
of investors, number of family members etc., makes a significant impact while deciding on the
avenues for investment. The study is based on primary data and the statistical tools used for
analysis are T- test and Chi Square Test. The research shows that majority of the respondents
are saving money as Bank Deposits and the main purpose of investment is for the children
education, marriage and security after retirement.
Deepak Sood & Dr. Navdeep Kaur, 2015 “A study of saving and investment pattern of
salaried class people with special reference to chandigarh (india)”. The objective of the study
was to determine the relationship between the savings and investments pattern among the
salaried class people of Chandigarh (India). The data was collected through structured
questionnaire distributed to 200 peoples working in different sectors at Chandigarh. It was found
from the analysis there is relationship between Annual Savings and Age, Income, Sector wise
Employment, Education of people at Chandigarh. Analysis has been done through One Way
ANOVA. It was propounded here that the most preferred investment options are LIC and bank
deposits and most of the factors influencing investment decisions were high returns, tax benefit
and safety.
Rastogi S, 2015- “A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual Investors towards
Investments with Special Reference”. Analyzed in his study the behavioral feature in the
investment choice making method.
Parimalakanthi and Kumar,2015-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference” found among the respondents and the
investment behaviour was found to be better at the time of investment than before investment
and post investment. The study also observed that the safety was the foremost preferred aspect
among the fixed income segment and investment for safety. Capital appreciation was foremost
preferred aspect in long term investment and pride and contingency savings.
Singh and Singh ,2015-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual Investors towards
Investments with Special Reference”. There was a significant positive relationship between age
and insurance, which means that, the increase in age of investor the investor more likely to buy
an insurance policy, Income level and education level shows a positive relationship with
investment. It means people with high education level and high income level have positive
impact on investment.
İslamoğlu, Apan and Ayvalı, 2015-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”-In their study thy examined individual
investor profiles and investor preferences in Bartın. They emphasize on the fact that investors
diversify their portfolios according to financial stability and confidence levels that they have on
such investment.
Prakash pinto, Ajaya& M.M Munshi, 2015-“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of
Individual Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”.They studied that small
investors too have positive perception about mutual fund investment. They go for a detailed
study before investing their money. They examine performance as well as the reputation of the
mutual funds. The investors are very cautious when making any type of investment decisions.
Vashisht A and Wadhwa B, 2015- “A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”. Financial inclusion also plays a very
important role when any investor is taking an investment decision.
Ishwara P, 2014 Investment Behaviour and Satisfaction of Salaried Employees: A Study with
Reference to Selected Employees in Mangalore City) In this research paper an attempt has been
made to study the behaviour and level of satisfaction toward various investment alternatives by
salaried class employees. Man works to earn income to meet his own needs. Every man has
unlimited wants and to satisfy these wants, he works continues for a long time. Income earning is
the predominant and prime motive in everybody‟s life. Individuals normally take their own time
to settle down in a job and to become successful investors. Though the prime objective of
income earning is to pay for his demands, still income has got a different role to play. The desire
to earn and save for future needs dominates the minds of the income earners. Further, there is no
guarantee that surplus will result into savings. Financial markets are the backbone of an
economic system and aids in the allocation of share capital across the productive sectors of the
economy. This allocation of resources helps to sustain healthy climate for savings and
investment. The financial system has to be more dynamic than the real system as it has to
continuously respond to the needs of the economy to help it to achieve its goals. In the modern
financial system there are so many investment avenues to choose from today in financial market
and it has become difficult for anyone to decide about these avenues. Some of these investment
avenues offer attractive returns but with high risks and some offer lower returns with very low
risks. Hence, this research paper concentrates salaried class employees‟ behaviour and level of
satisfaction towards financial, non- financial and physical assets. The study reveals that is
identified that the majority (60%) of the respondents behave in a positive way while choosing
their investments. It is found that majority of the respondents have less awareness about the
marketable securities and only (4%) of the respondents have awareness about the marketable
securities. In short, only limited numbers of respondents have complete knowledge about the
marketable securities. It is observed that majority of the respondents do not have complete
awareness about the all non-marketable securities. It is found that majority (96%) of the
respondents have awareness about the physical assets.
K. Jothilingam and Kannan,2013 -“A Study on Behavior and Preferences of Individual
Investors towards Investments with Special Reference”.It is found that there is no significant
relationship between gender and the objective of investment. However, the relationship between
age of the investors and their objective of making investment is statistically significant.
Educational level and occupation of the investors have been found to be significantly related to
their objective of making investment.
