Hi:story of ,Arakan

[':Blurrm ilil

Pi:lhll"lh/fir
De'pH.,

c'r Da'll'til
"lH1i"<!:~I)'

W<l\jO,~", ~wi~,~

Motarm~r AI.,Alllarn AI.!:s:~a!rni Pl. 0..~ ,,... .\aQ~ I4'M ',....\2.

!!.intl\.llrl UHland),

B!l~·ma.. euee htlq .....n as ~. illcmi !,'If p!l:llce' a Ij til [lh!"m ~:f. has 1.1i)~ll!lo'[ h Ii. Mil liJ~allUlflil j"~a!ur(!:s_ i\(nmliu!,l t.,

iil'N!: I:~.jl'ims lh~ M!!J:Mf'lIIl~ :i1~cILiOlU ,011 lhll' bor,.j'f:r~ Ban!1lt~.d"~s~1.. jlTl~~'~r!:; around

or

{lr'

of Anltall
t hf

I.}iivi!!~.m.ll.: ll!Jlrn~I:'o;; i (,biLt'l~Oerl.l~·!; Diyi ~imil ,.l'r ~n~ miUi.ln blJ"~. even a.c.:mdill,!;!

to ih~u~:c:rsandl ether for~I~11!c~l,rr~pjJ'I!,I.~nl-l! h.t'y ~t.r,~ Mt)l!.Iilds L 600,ijUO. i'~dl!ilp.s t!,,~ t rurh ~1(~~')lll cwhere bel V\-'t!i: 111li~ t:b,im ~ oft"h~ RuhinS}'l!$ ~Ih~ I.\nlhl't~.~~ MU'l'linl.j; !life k!l~"""11IJ~' 1.I-~i1l
fl1l;m",~ n mli ~~l~ ,!:,~,ti'nl:ll!: of 1.1li:: n;l r,~i~rri en ro;:~pmLd",n!l5.,.'Il!'ho
~i:~

havoc-!!tl'n~ (l'",er W W'la~.:~ lit~ lilt' 'll'"u.~ (",'r iill.~:nl,~c,·c:-;,. h I

(',O:ti,f'lill![,ilr>_

Tck-Naf,

etc,

H)

A~ w
lhal

!h:0' r~I'I:!l!1S!le

da.irn C!f 11~11~ rlll!Jlr'I,11,C;5e G()'~'0rll~!n1.~i11

:~he~~1i!~hilil!J'il,>.~, ~r~ rllO[ ilfl !rn.f.r~"Cnlilllll~ fI~~~pk but 'Il~'!t>l; R rniS~II~ :!ir(ln1, B~.nl!!:lsdt:~h_ IlIf.Ithi [11~ l'~'U~,J be f1!.r!lIr;rr frmn lh~

trol.hi!Or· Ev~.n;),nlG)nt.liln8, W <i.Il.IIJIi':,IiI~k !ii~~o.rhln~ Me H~if'I'~Y, whoSri b{>~l(s llb~~ and S"nmliJ ~r~ i'tdti in h~~I!I-rst"'i!m ~...±n 'by i 'he' a~u.hori~k~ Bmm~~. h~Af+l,O illil ~ 'LfildcFji ",'e~ in Ar.;lkai1J
fr:tltnl 8 ro1'1Uoncli I:b~: 'U~,!:en-luI)'. L:iUf il wa~ pri ul;:r,~.i II)" ~h.rpugi1 HI~~~ A"lIiJ m~~C~1.1ml~ 'LMa Maln "p:f\~ad iln,H~ 01:l1l111:.!.fit~till f ,~ra~,an ;lj,~(1 hHc-r' ~nJ0 Dllnna r:rr,~rcr' when lhi~ p'1~.!~s'l.m: or ~pn:;i!dinl~' [hit fl'II:Ma1li~ of !1'slalil~ as ~h;a '" r,~d :LI~[~1:1)" 1m;~hIHll[S fr-.fJrrl l.li1>l: I n tli,~IiI~U b"'tilil Li'~~l1It <lInd fl"(l!1~ Imn auJ ~L~i)j.C ~"'!:!i! f~~111 ,(hlil;;) i" 1111" l'1!o'rlh. H i~!!Jrri~'_L~hl !i~n .~ P~ifl~il'. of rl1~ J:!IMi.~1 ~ ",'iA Il'Shul fn1.pir~ ,\' U
of f)l.1IB1i, '[:hAl' brother of '.h~ f,,-m('l,u,~ E'~I:'>1l'rC!:f'r\IiIIMI"iIl;:2!:b, ~dr::-d, rrl mc"C: Slil.lja, \',:IS u~fl?~t(lJ, ill: ,{I!oIl~hl nJl!lil.e 111A r,abn_ W hly~ h~c~.IJ,~e a I tlmL! lmc t l1~rl;; wa;:. ,~.1~,~

""~uicil

,;1:1111.1, ..... ~I,I.-~:!il)'!

J:,' h~ AiF;I~a <I, f'~;)!C"efil~.1}l n il,111l:1~(J hl~hl1i!. ,t~mmlmi'~:r, ~ ,1\ I~,j ~l1.i~
y~~c~

~C!O ..... hlulllit!r~d, as

uf

biil.ek,

1(Ii

h~" ~~,ClC~ r6 ...~,

.,
': "1 ,\llu~n 'hll IU~ h,HI JI de: In ~'l.!r~lic<.l1! clec ~~d C ('!!Dei! !T':.i'rl i un,~~n! Ihe ~I! used ~o lil!l!' a n u J r of ~""g"[lrui In E'l"Ii bi:tr~ ~ir (\uJJJtI:II frum '\'ilk,1I1i ,IDJ '. me' n~ltll:lI;!!-h '~"~m'll1~Pl,l'Il .h~ a~~d rn1ni!!.luionl r'I"Sit~fU'l~ ~I~l'. Th~r~ li"l.!d It) l"C'lU,Jlldr~d'l; or ,J u II~ rct:(l~ni .~>J ,md r'.. si~IC r!..>d. M i.i"lj m <.C~o(ll~, a I ~o in loh e A raknn l)i'l'h~o ~ Ilsdr \.\ II h ,L ~~r;lr.:t!1! M I!J ~,; 111 1D..l,j:'liJ~y 'm..~pc<;:11,r \!r ~t:h,"Qh ~o h,•• k >in~'fIhll~,~ Mlmlim ... .,;:hi~(jl~" R",,'hiln'l1i~':-I~ ")lIl!':it the I'Ki!1 JI;I'I,,~l "ill'l the ~<lm.: ilv!;m:y as nny QLlhcr IH~IkUi~~'~~ ,Lud qu II L:',I IIU1111'1<.'( l' !~~",: ., .;JItl'!:" (L1'i;1~ m~ ~Icr s fIr ilw tttlrml!"~, ~:1!1l'l11:'1(!!1! II RlUl,L 11Il'i 11" r~'rl!,'Ucn In;!1 B\lrnl:;t hn-, IHol'Il)' .L lhll"l"I"C'IIU rl.1Li"'l,L!lIY- ~'II t'Cirmillt! [1mrl 'L11I' ilu:rntJl!l. 1I1..l' [h~ , 11,111'." Ih~ lK.,d"ih. Inl: S.lum,,-, ~L~, I.i", these <11''1: ;11",-, th~ R"b511,~:f'1" ~tld, 1111 '1!11~' !"',jnl [0 Lhr: ii\dig.e'l!1ol!'

J
for

1'Il"'~

a~ti .. ~ pllriio.:ifJliliM

by lhcu!

~sjIDl'isib[J."

111llimaillin¥

Iii"'

and \In.kr, A huH ~HI r.o be O;:;.irlc'ii to lfil~ '~"ifoIIPj!: ulln~1 i'Qr,lIlil1lg: ~'illla,i'i)n anqj HI': ~O-OAer tl,.; bo:~4~f" te:~:! th~,lif!; :l'liIollld speead II) It"I~·~ltl1Cf pUrl:;. the '!a1ulltry. \';'h:i~~ ~:hc GO'l'l:rmTl~iid i'!tJrmlJ 1,'ill miL like o. d{.l~~,,h,~ B!Ilnmil" GOT't:r:n~,"nl, wltolil 10
CIi)rnpel
L_ •••

or

,ur

Hi:i:

people

~n!.lr~t~'

-"'t,.," :,)_.~ ~'9' "'::'~

t ..·~

Poe,.,

,"11i~ilJi_

~f Amk,u; 10 ;;u:: ilil O'~II revolt '[lout of lE!~lh cl:i~ al~em;:rU..'es, we- :SllibuniL. ~J1t (b' '(i;\'iHnme-nl!) nUI11'!<lI rf<:Jlly '~~r~ £iii' 11iI~lr
QII llit'~' Qet

ria; m:;. \\'Jll'

permit
jI,''I!!'<SIOIiS

fillmiClle fI'fe IImJ

[0 ~ fkill~s

Ll,:i!i:lt~rll A!!el'i:,;'i~s" eVC'IiI':11i1~nllIJiil)n~1 :Ji!mliies. Hi ~nd

Ih!i:li-- r~plI"C~li'Ilal['V<t,'-& 01'1

.:1; il,r:l~1 ~r

\ -- ~ II.:

~\ ruk

ili1.i!;.~

~"l"~ l\.,IIl"llrn~.
I't

f:U:,l.~hul,'n.!!

r~,r themselves

7hnDh~ brond, ~l",)'.liHha, IL:ricl IL~JII:hi: "orh:! tile

IJ'mh.

t'

ju~t b~C:IIlI»~ 'l.ltrc~ Rt'lhin!!:,~'!J.lo' ::lnl il'! liM i''I.''kIi:JtlIed 'pnrl, ~UL oH (fOlD eht 'ilMill :0;:1eam, ll'~j' ~IH~ukk r iihll '~ d,~I\I;:iiI Ih~lr mniOllll" ri~I-U~. To Ijv~' tfjr=re ~J: hUI,lL"!llr,;l[;;le ...1LilJ:ll~ i~their bu tho 1ii!!!lr!. "I~\II ",Hl 1!hC'~~~(Ioplil!, I;.'~, ~ejllC'd
UI1IC(:grtq:nI'lJil!!ly,

'I

'Ihdr

bask

humall

r1~lw;?'

i~ at:aIJisl. fM1li Chllri,r=f lOr 1,ln::

lh~ (cpCill~(1 pmp:a,~anda '111[ltlleyaK 11m Ullnn~s.1: lI1~ti!;!rrual~ t bUll tl1~i ~III!.:}·have ~rn.E:d,cd into Amhn hllie~ally, TrJi~ li'g: ha,_s, 1'(1 bii n:JH~d. 1111i),UI faii'i'leli~ il. must be adnn.il'lt.d that like .rlther ~itiIl!illS. R~l!Il1\£.:~'a~ al~a "'olden of 't"'!I'it iit;Y...emniii'!:1I-i;::~cd Id!\!n.lity C8.ru~ bl.i:I, ttl deptilre t"li:fm of th';:'ip' lC;glll weapen, tl1e're [tr.. (_'"i;!;;i;:~ Q'j'I I,r;,cCt.i'd, that lhe~e Jilornrj;1!gp p"e~pll;:~ u~!i4 'to be ,eElned hi !lOOIlP.~ to 'I.h~ ~oli!::rl: S~iltiQI"I 'to brl 11)8<- wII,h I h~m I'lite ir Idil:Rlthy Ca r-ds and Oil ~hc IIlrele-;« of !ihcd: iJ!!g • he '~III111C bc'f0i~~' Iht v,c:ry I:!~~ of Ih~ lel!lUlne Ino'idiers 11\.r;:'L"iirdc~, I~~~~ of l;'I.'ue ljJfIl to bi~5i juSt to den)! 'Lhem tllr:ir legal id!i:nlfly; prote'H~. e'iolon,b)' r,t~P'Qnsibl!!: f!<Opr!t, had lUi:! ,~lTecl.. DI,I~ b;ClVl 3rb!:ll,!Ll ~ln:i!''h~-UtSC$li.n(l 1!1!i,i"d.ms nil 3Ig'rico Illl ral 1:1lii1.lf!'I,itt. T~llt mllJ other trtl,illl; '",hl'S!. boelie 'the rahe cfna:i'I,g,(:~" Art thC5l" n'~I~Hli"[J(lr ~1'i~l'Ul!'h. tu. demcllsh tne ~f1~led _~ta,ri~~ I'Itr,ilt I:h~ R(lliiliisYa~ :I,re- n~w'~O~!ii'.' N~bmf
Ilb:l:!'~

o-r

(lor ,,\ fa kan,

This r.or;k it> til C 'F'"'''1lI11(1« ,if!, .,!lJt\! liu f~)r I h-c \\"or! d LO lnl."~ l,hI~ Uu
c'immunity

~lu.d

I,he: Mu~lim

III .1 bcOUI \ he: in Arillt1i1l ,lI1J liol filII :3 pre)' to

>lr 1I1(~ Iilis[onr ni~tOtrY

~J n i,[~'tII Nat i(iil'i~ Olrld \\i'h,t[ i5 h,;)Pfi!~lIiil"'i- i n ~\ re.k~,~ r{)f I he lIa~t rt!w Dli'!I1,lhs. is iill bil\'Li'lnl ...io[illkm 'fir Ih~1l Ur.i"'·e:r!>iil J)~I,:+lIr;rt~Qn or Human R,i~hK ~~D~dilr,[l:~km acc~PIJCod h.)' H!,mUll ~ho_ SUiP~r-e-1i~'{)1it lC'rrori~m hOI:;~gh'cd no probll:l'Il~ l.md it 'I~L"iil>1l~ II~~ FI:.n~t:l;,;!llor ln~ ilh tlor ,I\r~bn. Wt: Ic!iop<: tile le;ilLlc:ts 1;)f th~ !i!l U1r111il Gll~~umllml wi U rise I,QIIUl OCC;!!ilo:n and fiCuBc lhi~ pmbl':-liI ~.ti'lL""ahl,)·and hQIIOUFab!y. I', j", lAol a. q'u'C'~1i;;mb<1"1-'el:'l1l 'illurma und LJ"ln~I~,d~$iI, I~ i~ u 11Ii.1,mll!1 '1(II;:>li,GII 'alld Il'Ie !:(i:il .•cio:nc,; gf Ihl! wm1d conlimlHll):, \'Ildl lUi>;''; ~o b~ m~"\~'o:..:I .,hal j y;,<;~ i~,m ~I~.d: j.}~a to lh~~'il 1!~~Ii:..~~d lee Il1cthni~ gNurl!> Ar~kaf!l wb~} are subj..cl~i,I by II'i,itfC'~tcd l~:!!I:I~!;hJ dl 'SQ,rIS or riljiC: and rapaeleus I!lIlU" '1il:l!Jdiil'g tp iiI!

or

~OtH

of

nnuf(h:rm,I~"

ill!ig;ru~cfu.ll and

di$gllisti~s

'!li{~floJlU,ct t~U

tlie an:lllC:~il1.l! g.:!llll:!i .II1AG, s.O:Ili:fenl!!; U

w~'f'i 1l1Cc(Jnni"lIrt~ •• 'II'IY

- -------------------------------1

Siomc' 'L:yni~~, 'N B~ h .. t~m:t S6m~ kllic'n, Ob!i'cT... 'cr~" n:m<l:r'k lI!li'I:lIp!l:r!illp'" ri~ii'!!'l}'. hal ~h~GilJl,1p\erf'!IIliCnl ~ of BIII,mtli is; ~t3~rn:g 1:1i~ 5.C'!l!t~ ill ,"'~,;l~a~ 10 diVCrL IHJ~' wmkl'50 ;!tt~Il~JOO from Ih~ ,~(H~",I;Cl!10mk Md ~.;l~iQ"~1hk,~1 m~of ~h~~o1i!liIu)'. Nnl1qd), likC'~

.Hi:shH,~ is dle mirrer c.f II~feand I.,!;~e',:]:;swr~ of 11:$ 'p.f1r.f.,}I.liinia~r!&e. It r.e~cCHl· hlJula.n.lifc ina,Hits; p<l,s~irlg phnsres
IUla

I;waluate~!lillS works tlIiili'ol;!,';:.f!

n~~e,!~~ Iheir

Imlil!'l~~ i1illld 11('")file!'.

The

iI'!;itJs. H i:story

rn,11f1'~ of iliI~l:r ~m~u,,'~ ~~,1 !;!r-ilIndl ri'lt'illl~r~ all): - 'tJ'I~~. ~h~,:, Tlhc>'l: ~~,"'iIf'~II~I,~ ms, \'I,' lIt. 1ll0'i\~ heen 'ii:ompi!: 1~'~!1I"'_ CJ ,~~~ , <, ~,hl!'lr ~i"~'~. rr~'~ ~11'1: 1!I,p'l'Ial1Hm~ 'SUlJpOH (If iliill ~'Ilo . dli:~~ :>~' ~, Inan· kiuc:i, Th~tW r.r~JlI"';'~' hi'iWi ~"<;lIl1iC'nak'~1iI ,r I'n lai~~>~trrhL~; o '~1l~}1~ re ~~~ fml'!i"'Il"e,I1.iHII! even ~ft~ir ri;b~, lim ~eerl- Elr'i~;:;;I~~ uf UI~k I~ ('InlC'I1,-Il'~I~k!'>!!ive been il:h~ppt",J h The 'C;Jm~ nrc l'Wrrl"r~t~.rl';:'~ \'Ii~!~irC' d~'IlILI1, ;'lind d I:Cl.l,), rdl!rl s"'Il.fC'rn~, '!,il,'h:~111 will the IrHcrn[i~iom~~ ~n$deli!ec he filUy <irUiJ~oi::~:L Wt

llikt: oS real ~'jii,m;H:l,~:<pC:lf~elfl~ ill t!te .[IJaM:, nis

upholds

f"'m~nc.e of thra~h Uu.is;

orr.

mi rri!".1: !1131 at hers C'al!!, k Jl(l! W Cif aJ p~~plL:l whoa 'c~w! 013 well knl';lw l~,em~~~I".es~hr~ugll. (b!]S' IDirrorafl·iJI "I~og~ rd'Q the m.&e~'yes. J'.rQ pel"ly. TIle (:errect "s.s~:!i'imeFlt ot a P:QJI):e's P:i!,S:lI: Mstory determines the paee of ~ts !;l'rC'~¢t;lt pro~rr!:s:s <Iud lhe s:ITI<I;P~ i:t:s f u hl Fe,

or

"H' mu~~.g!n!tt"f\lll I'I~ 'I~,i:' Pn;~~ ,of Ihl:' Wtld!d for ~imi1J): mnl'ler~ frr()m ~h~'»; lI~,~tjl')i'secnes ~o urease mal'likinc!, ~~

~(Jmli:

W.~

~qLl<ll'li~' If(l~F~~~ID [i ~'[i ::l.1fI~ gr.Mcfl;J:l to !;I1~ lrue,r~[l'tiO'l:Iil!

W[1 .m:d.

alit

p~O]l:!I~,. In

Afi!kiill.i",ar~

ji$'l

A~~'ltd~~ wlil81 :!in; ,q~r"ld~' ~~:r.-yin,~'~fIIe ~T<;:y-Mi'~~i(l!il the M ~n

C~ml:1:S (lr IUhe n:f\l~~C'._

or

[)~\I,,~h

~ C:("Ii'I~rlihul~L~ fi,hHI!I... N~lr ,AI~ltmd !')ahc:~.~h Co,nvlmor .] \:\;)Ij Ifli~~~ $!l:ukll1 ~h~ M(I;Mm~:u.,r A~-Ai~m

or

to the Q'l!~,:s~d~ ~'I'~:r]d.. Our hb:toliY has' .]QfI~ ;s.ll1~cl::!:lc I:l T,(';;mOl:~III1,ed tL-taUy 'n~~ltet~d9:nd lIllflW:!tLttCtl. TQu'r!ldeli';st!1l1~d the h!~t.o1yof Ulte Mll s! ~.ms of I.[ji~I:;l,:n.d, a s !,udy of t!:le; l'iistQrries or"
Bliluna pro,P¢f~ B~l'!gaj. rnsJ~n:~!c W'9fld, IlJJd,o.l:le~1i!1. , !C~ifll3 :;:IIlIes reW 9thelt SQu:tI1~a",~ ~i;j'J,1l OQiUiIUti!l:!l A j~ of ''i'it<l~ jmpqri<'lHee. !I.JI rhese OOlll'litra,elt

unknown

AI-r.",j:II!l'i

'to IMI,'!: hroui!lh~ olill I,hi~ timldY!lli1ld ~ii1f~H!IIl~'Li"t !l,w,tidi,L:llt i,,~,~,r ~!!>W ~~ ;J r·~ 1iJ~"'Il'd!.!l!:' to 1,1l~ ~d ~'or:;; ~:f~h,~ bllQ k. M

w'lw 'W,~n~~~

!'I:~I:.i,"

;11J'1!'I!~''''illCl'U~. (lr f

fh~if iPa,ill1'!;t,~ki'ng.... rr~" o

Ben,Rul ,fl:lld tl1r:;_I~I,lunic W'¢dd pi:ilyed .lJi 1d1~Milrnct1..,.a: tole of 'Ill'll!r <0 wll['gr :!le"'~ira.~,ce:llllU l'lfes" f!:!\!el:lr~d by $O'f.n@ ~ !lhJ,['$j Ipec:u lmri:l]e:s aad ,cifC·!.!m~ta[!(:cs" Ib:d we
:g!l;ij'm,
AQ'l

or

-~;!'f\l"N,p'r.l'.(J,'t'll<'~lf"

M~),~1If!1:;l A I-AhltmI 1\~'·I~I~ r ml, - (Wor~d Mu~lim O;u~ilrM~~,

J'!Jiil~ 4, II'!li[o:,

1:l~~i~s1,\;1iDje~~e:d. to, iSuite:r fll'Qm tbe

~S'

,of-d~a~!!

r)i ~ife' :Ol'l t~e har.Cis ef tI~o~'Ill'ho

'pea~~fuUy f~!i
1;i~lllurie:li

lived to,geJib,er with

K!l.n!""lu,

:andfll~9 well"" go.V'C[lmed aJ:n.d :ml~tlI by mill' .:lI~ces~ to,I'S. an i,nll'e:s.ti!!latffiol!'l !nll~ O:t.i:rpas:t hiswtj' WQIl!d

t
Stlte!y he:
RO!

<I

)
n

pos,l:ib~c: ~m '1:;1c:rnUy.,

J:i per-hail'"
ef

a I:dessio:;:; ill d.i:'l,gl:i(;'i~ for U!J (11.3.1 we l1<1vt'l liMlyh~w :aiL b,$!t beeeme censcieus ot [J,ll.rV!Cf.ll B.o'lI'ma. We tile; M 1,1 d1m s 0 r A fJ:k a n ba'o'13 [J more than 130'0 y~a::iH;llcl U',:]Jdi[~g·Jj and lli~sto:l'Y of owr Q~,vn tX[,i'oo.$sed: , c:I eu r ~:h i. tl1l:5~ cemeteries. r ~tlJt1ChiLarics" se !lid nars, s.oe.iQ-elli~~Il!,!.["il n~ litutilOII S 'ctc. (0 ~l'Id ~C',llteJ",d ~"'C:11 tQday 0""1.':1 eve ry n6o~ and OO'fl:I(l:r ofDhe Ja.rld.
I~

c11!5tell~~ [

U liId'e:r

the

:Socia.! 1St

GQVer]1IJ;1.1.:!It [

To he ab.!~ to, u[IJder~ta!!I1df",Uy am.:d ICO['ft'lcUy it T~ a~51oo'r~tr.no's:t. !l1JlpO[tancr; to' kn\1W thelr history and seogia.pih~ ·of th'l;;i( (;0 UJlrtry.As i.s evident from trlld:ftionsu:!il:C,OUI'It"'~ ~c.)lb" !1Llfl<lh" 'Chrollik:~~s and h.i;o;~of~e:!i., l,ll;1(img$ h ,p(Sll in t51 andruilYs ~i.res· f'rO'11'l li'l,tl:r.s.ta m,~iC ~illl~ S 111 W'~~tem and CenLra[ A~]1! prejdte~ Js.lalltl,.
~OOiLI~a people its ad'\lenh ~l.o:!llg ttll U':t~ Oman tc,l?hl~"i.pp.inesand Chilli::'! to j,..d:lj!d~ 'LKaya-p;;t:dlKa~.l;a·~Ilr:i and HanJf,H" l'!O:rJ.ki.es (:li:h.ril:'i~sj'" f[l the .Mayll Tcr..~itOfy betcoastal aTf;!as [rom

!;~mlJj.Uam:::[)lliLsJy witll

fa.! ha.ve b~e!) J'bl.l.ncl:wriH~n· about J!H1li];:a1l or Burma-are oellltel.'edr~lII[:}d B~ndtl.i~rn. ~!l!,drJ:hism. Chrij~Uai]i.ty and .~ feiv D~il~Ml4s1in:l pe:rsJCllIaHt:ies. All that are f'oood ~bQt~t MU:!iHm:~ "i;"~ ~;;l.rdJ ~·I)Uat~ri1l! .3i!ld ])lOiSHy
~i!;l

Wba:(ev~f

','ccn th¢ wI.velsK n !adalil.l![!d NaJafi the s.hri:ncs of ~·.J)<l.bQjiSh:ll:h MOIl:i;:iiysm'" of Amb.ui] aJlld !'Pir 13tidr Sh",h·" at .Ak~yO'!b also b~8r :iI! c<tlJLdy.lJ;.'lO'
.t

tes Um.ofllY: . As a p[\~IlJde to UIi;l .abQve h,ls'~oric<ll evenls

corrupted,
j

oomroul"~ty centuries-cld na<!h· ~i.QI!I. olilUu!'e lIi$tory and civilisation of our own we feiIJ~~v.ed. ~inl('J air no aHe,latior! fJLIO'.m, ,9i!]), qu,ilrter.. D,y His grace, th<o da}ls arenot r:a:r ~QW wbe.!]I, totille su.rpris.€: of 001] :pe:rrec~!'lo:rS,. '[he! r "GordJ8i1lJ! K(lot~ ~fQl.liI" n!.ltt!@Fi~ra]~trerltU:~ 100 wW be '(lilt ~s ,ll]]!' c!videru::ed I:L SIUP!PO'~ ~ e;f c lit d~ades'!0I1g a'llSert.iolill Qf b(;]r!g iu n1ajr~'r]ty ;wt i~~utYP ~ 1942 A.n. Bllt ·t~IB iro[1Y of :t~rle ~s 'lh~tthi;'i; plI'tltra(l!:~d fgno'R:t1CC of tlh~ l\e;milrJkabJc: COJlltL"]h~tio~~of ours in various: We]ds of.~.el~vi· ties .U A mk'a!1! and \But'm~ P[O~G:f b i3.!'\!'C:00 t only [I
:Illislcd the world but O\lilso obvlo:u.d¥ i0ll!le ]~tc:r.'l!t~IlmQ,fl'g:s:f u~.

mn!lpih~of ence h~A.:ra:k;[l!l,with

being

the

majori~y

.il can .i1uthe:nti.caUy be a-ll,serted (lI,attiholbistQry of ~l:!eMll.sNm reaple is,gl:'ldeed .~,~ Cill~q:l;Il;lred.!n'~. Fo.l', :;;iQ-h:ln;gas Jour 1fl]o.ly Pilioph.~fl ,.S'M,), hved •. he.
re'm Oli] nend dl(; a'flus] :!igiJ;i.re :lttf.!,!C,t len, By (hie ·of ti:me tbe. pll.opllet .~Sged aw-ay ,~JIn!J~t the w:hol,e of' A r>ajbilE);n P~niH!~u~a h:as.eroO:r.liilced]J lam. Witb h~8· u nwa V$i\'.!El!lj faith ill. AIJah and! with h~s firI[l b~Jier i:lJ his mfs~ionilil.e had lert,behl~d. lOIgl'eat lexampl~ fm' bis fQI.lowers 110 em1!ll'atlil' The ,~a.i'ry M1I.lil'j·n1s with. the ·~i·s sion:ar,Y ~~:3illill.f[h.e Ma-srer. carried th~ ~o:rc:h!!.her bil'Jl1 ahnoiit with ,the ¥ame .fUl;'Olll!." ~~ciIl, en Utl:.l.:!li,a~m co,verjlllig mate! tha<!l h(i!:U~

the world,.

i:I]q;.!si·o]l~'aJ

, Ji;
Prophet

'The:O]enn:!] !Of Pr-iQ'p,b.'lJ~.hoQEI fe~~ 0'&:1 eur Hob' M"QII~MitJ;'i,d (SM) ln 610 A.D. and wi!bin 50 Y,e~rs of thi~ clat~· o~ advent ,onsia.w rheArilt!::/ (t~(l AI,flbre ~.~ili.!l 'peo:p]cI in-halliting ~h!e Am!:! home']llJrIld including Nodb Af:rk;a. &~ster!li .M~di(:l3l'r.<ImC'a~, Jrsq .;'!J1I.d th~And'l!ialJi
ijJeJilimmla) "C'ariS;U'uct~

tl.ehs(

Mos,quu~ ::U.

Cant(!'Ili ,ill Soulllc1"!'S~ (':bill>!, t:o whtcJi1 region thty hsd been II nclcrtak in.s ¥GjI,ll.le:s a iClillgl~l e e ld" c~tabiisl~ed s~.'rontif: tQ the Fl:lr fa~.1 sines 3fllO A,D. T]~.e:r h<ld"lrcady a l.r.1ciing: l}q~. in C<Ht~O~~~rgT ]J1D~!lYlt3el'!~lJrj'i.'-9 Uw only enl • .!i' Ly sea inW< t1'l,e ~o!J.otry. " ilcsldes ~he ab~J,I"e-SlIta-r oyr,e, I~ ha Arabs a I'lli1 oth!)J[ MIJSI rms JIke (bose' .of ~hC'Pers fOiI'lS, Moe rs, MQgh.urs and fl!;l.ci:JIlt;;$ia:tls aJ's' used.tlu o!d' CJ'i.i!]Q.
Chine$tl ,land·r-cLite ~llr",ugh Arabtt l¥Ii:ling Ul~F.r 1!',fIli'~1dumrJoll'S gOling to minifiti[l"lU~ and for

It i.$~\<!u'lic,~Jlit[ly lol;je J\D~·~cl in lhb c®Mtt,· tieR t~.att -Islam W:aJS :lirsti.llt:rodiu-oo(![[I AC!).kan duti[Jli!;J; the periods or $'O]iJU~ Hirnld1l1 Dynasliesthat 'prooed;edtbe Chandra "y!]~&ty (7&8.·957 A.D. ). by ifhe Sufis Mys~.i~ 3~d tl:i,~ A!I'll.b; M(H)rus.h andl Per sian 'fracl~rs" wit.h in SQ y~a.fs !Dr the ad!j!ien~ ,of Jsl:am ( i.e. ~Ul}660A.D.). So.w~cr.l;n oOH;n:l!licl:IUy pte$lU.m1i'l this: daHl of the £lIst ]lilrodllct~on of r:s.h:1M In A ta k1t 1:1 to be 650 A. D.nt theiate~l. Tho Mu:slirnpcpula.ti:c:ll weDt . .QB IJ1uc<l.siflg;
dL.li:i;~~g~h<:i'"'l'Ig pedad of .5 I)cnturi~1\ H I(_wi]~g the cO [Ique!St of lb~ Ell~ledy }iindu state of Wes:Jlli ]n ~J57A,D . by ~~e Mom,@;.t,I]~a1l1S. Their pocltiou ,,,,a.1i well establ isllitlt!ll tlh1!~ lhl!:ywere ~o o\j)ocl,1ktrn etf

I
J

asKing m<l!l;::~r(! iii: .At'aka!i",'fliey~, ltIi()W~'\'~r: did nCJta:sp~re: to &etu:!) allY .kil]:gdom of dl>eir DW:IiI lilllh~ monl'mt:o~.s yenr of [4JD :1\ [)', W~le[1 tile
depos~d Buddhf:M: (M:'lJ}1l!J kung l'"&f'3'mttMfl: w."~s restored tc I he: thF@tJ:e: ,of Air-aka:!'! under 'l:IlG ~'l,Is~im :~:lm.e of So~aiman lU~F 6(j!Trup~~ inttl
81JrtHlliJo('.I.f Saw

irro'm the 7tJl, to .Hlt:~ cernu.ri:es the .00Ipitt1b Arokilll were sll'C!JessiveJY<lltWes~l!i. I:aiul£J)'.rel and a 1C'\1I'othGr citie;s!llicng the rive.r Lem 1'0 w'hen l-l i Jid tI.r5m an d B!l:dd h ism prc'l<l.iJ'ed
!l:f ptG§~lfit aver Ute tegrQJ1. Illlr,! iifl!l-:f <l ch<l!QIJc rule of .abclJil·.5 e'eIl!Uri'f:s Mr~ild:.u was f{ll!Jnded by Kil'lg' SatlHirncr S!)W M'WLl[l (01(;'or.mptja.[! ef E\lolaiuHln).

M~".\'l~. ''V,~.slhc:. ~n~

.~ killig of this
~la~.t

eln.l:bi~ .l:estQirat~Q:J1 ~·o tht::: tl1rC-llie of ArtlJi;:al]. ir:i ] 430 A.. n, by r~yas Sh9ib~ Su ~~<l;ujl J".' .uter.'~dtljJm, Sh~ h 'r:lf OalLi.r the 1~~n mpi ~~J 10 C' &h.! sl'i lin ~(ll:lg,o] (1342-1:S.7~ A, D.)

dynasty ~rMr..Jl]k~,. W11thhirn th;~~ h~g.<l.1l ~l!I 't~r.t in U:a,eh]5to.ry AI; .. lf;a:n. 'The' !i'OuntrY~.<l·me ,C'rtlJvcl1tcd' whll tbe jmpac:~ of r!Cn~US,f;C:l!loe i:1II every sphcr1: of H~~ .lIl i ,over M raukl.li wh LeI:!by U:!~ time of I\ili,B: :Sa~iim S.t.Ja!J or. R,3Z:B.. d <1593·~6,tl .D., ~ A

So!'limtJi"n

or

l"i1CCi'line t'"xtended as ~lf as

MO!oll!Hlliin

jill

Tt'I1!iSS-

erim D'ivh;ion of LOWI1:E B~lr:I1'!:a.

(
Persian W01i> wit [\:hCQ.Jl~.li1lJl;?d1

8:

{ ,A.,Q. lfl. wblcb year

91 )

;,]coopted J:s, tb<lli state ],~ngl!ag\e u pw 183(1 .A .:0. w1tml tIle

Bri~dsh
bro ll,!J,.lrt

Co[onia!Ru,lers

iii

.Ara'k;"'f!

.swilcbed-il

. over .. to

EIli:Q:1i!l~t.

Mllsh.m.

,c:(!!;,i.l'!age W<L;S.

killS iB(}dlaw;pa}'~ OOr,fquea-c,d th€i M:rallku Empire and barDiiTCusl,y pll!i~dc.l"~d ~U, C~pj~aJ dt}'Qf "Mrdha:ulil'!l:, no~,~nd:;; ,of' the: pcOpl~i ~[res.!p.ccti'li'!5o·r t:a~t~ :a.tII.d creed., we'CC ::;fII;yagc:ly' m,ass:ilcf~d,. H ull!drcd ~ ~emm3.(le captiv,es. MQiS\~I,Ii':!i, p~god;JlS'l 'Shrin:e~ Se~in:ari~, J...ib:rtllrie-s (il:lcL~di!.[lrg Ih~ ROy:l1 LiblmO')a:ndi se\lernl ~}l~bllc e3tabUshm~ntli: 'w~re J3udl to\ m~ trQrU[lda~ a f'af-tf!ung i!df",c:~ ofwbJeh. jl'lrelf;ah~!O
we are now be;J[lg ooliilde:mn~d allld pe~l'cd as In!.des~l!able8li'~115 o.n ()Ijl:( OW!] :soiil~u A~k;an.

; rita c ili~111@ti.~ fl. :MoS!;1'u ~SJ P;IIg,()dOi~. !oou.ealio[l"I ~d clclUur~ iillS'~itl.l~i,o'D~ w~re pn:rfl!se~y blJ~tl. The ,d'C'mocmti~ f;o[C~ ofblu'J1il. pro>rJueed meme!lioy,$ ,eFil.e:ctsuQ the dO!l!D\~il'liof c'd!'lJe:t'lt,i~n'<lilJd klJoyd,~d!S;~ as w~l:l. The JlrHro~ilIgG Y.e\i'dopm:E:f1tof the A~bic', P~n:u~n., R.g\Mllg~a!, !Bengali alld :Rurlneose l;al]gua.ges and ]~ter@tilll~. ,!he 1J.!;I~d~~h5U(M!agllS~ also sr::lid:u;a~.ed ~h~msel!i'~s In Mus.]i:m M,ud~.¢~;;)!f,I,d e:~eD 1l.[llbr,ac~d ,~.$:I!;!~n i nlll~l bers,

~r the

!>;iIJg%

or this

I~iil,eillg~ :ii.~i:m.I,lI,a~ed ~)he ,ra:pid

'T.h~ iJ!l~1Q;mii!l10US' rule (iif th~BllmIl~ ·kii~s from.-- (hll:; btbet $.id!:of Uu.c:Ara:~ar:l Y"mil (Mo!lO~i1lin)a 1:0;0 tl,l.mblcd down whGiII tlbif!BritisheEii c~~!]t]lJc(clllllMa:k.:an ]'I'i l82;.4-26 li. D. (1st A~:g~!l'BIlr:m!~$.Ci wild. 1m U~:Bc5 A.D. the 00P'q,1.!I£d6[ ~bc whom~ of "<11 rm.1iIwas CGlmJ[1! letcdi bey them. :iPld t~!;)mlcoC(Q,r!Ward thJeyrl(.';f11~ine:d jlli 'lhe> 1~()lIjt'l'l')' as nd~r.s, f~U J:!Ili'w':il!r~ 4,~L},d. ]r ",.~:!!'s.,pl'l I[~is t!!l~ L!1;:;Ji1 tb!l: iasl '9rki~h GO.\,CfumeJflt !k'3.1Iidcd mcr
. ,

aUlh~oriLY to th'e. b;:tPre:<id~l1Il ,ar Cbi£BllrrJJ.Cse RI~pt!b~i'ci.n ~1itt;~'rda11O~ with lh~ tp(mty whn.(;'h Jru.l.d

l~ee~ shl.no.cl in Ltlildon on Octn]l(;r ~.?19J11>1:md W-JlJ'S' adfl'lit'c:tJl olS, an incl.~l'ell'l'ent !liIIlem~ ~ ibe United Nations :Iatu ill ~I)~?i:\, As'to "",vb;tt 'P0li~ ~,k;l~'~p:hentds~O'li)k rp1a.ce;particiI!libdy. FC'laHng ~Qi Ar8i:kalil,. win iJ,e ta,k$1l uplate-rg)ln.
~o' .,Appa~e~nUy" Un:: M~si~ml> aU tb!ro11!ght~li1i gLnGJlJ~ ]J'Cf.~od rer,n[:l.H!)~d. pr~d,om.i.l:i~tu. Wl n84

10
..• AS~~fd:!> G'Ur I1la~knl;:l1 h:i<e.~dry~Wl!C'IlU:! with iir~ Hnp l:!1:n:~y,t1~ OUlr co IIiiJ"lH f:ld Mer on the buis of

II
I),tle [~ i!h)e~r

m Jack

we

C'OY 11$ rI¢i

Ul'~

ma'1ic::

seme

e-nti:repn:iS;~I1I~

I)lncd.i$~IlI'1:~d: .h~E:tG.rica,! refen:,raoe.~ tlb,at r~e MUisljm pOpllrlliHll!1 'of Ar:akan <lI'~~

Ule, d'irl':d pW,ljC:!lji' (J.f tl1i¢ tearly Mu~lhl'i. ettlers s of the; r,a:nld inllilabiti~,g f!J!I;! ,nrea. ,<1:0; ;l!¥! c1hrnic raee, tQr . the ra~t U Ui 'y.C'<l!rs: ~ndl nu m.ber aoo'!iU ]IS.'?Q.,tOOO~i!ildlll!li:!{(l' of I]eady 5.00,00.0 ~ho lel1i!~gr~ted Iltll ll!1di3,PaI!::Js;!.<"I'!l, Ba'nglacle$~, U.A.E,. SaudI . n .... ,b." A r ,'U ~.I'..... ' '.... '. . ~.._ ' 1."",. LI' .,..... " "" •.,~ M •. , ",1.llgapO:fe ..:Ind, Tha~~~rl til esr;iI!I'~De (~lUI0~. The ,IEldi:3!J,lS allid. th,e r:ak.i~b!i's!l]mlI:ibluing abo'l:lt 12,00.,,000 "Who
eEillifle.to Bgrm<!<ts

o1:ln,elves 1Il0i our problems k,:mOWD 19 Ib~ o'YItside werld bee,inE d:cplQrabJy ha~ld'icO!p:llL:!d by Ullfitl;>~B:1 lack lo.illleaos ofpublic:i'ty ,a. tid ;p~ICPfigOlnq:&a,
Wbe:!it!Jis"tileprl;lpagl'tud'a.

of IbililUllion ofB.1l;[Il~Ol

h"8lt!e~ se w~ir. crg:a:~ised, 8<0 wide~''y8:r!d di~I~!PI:~Y penctr.a:~f'l,le 31l1diso effective· ,EliSto fb~ln '0',"~.!ilrck alL'HJi !l,ol~d b!!rri'e:r b!1lt.wec![!wor:!d pLJ.blLc.; 1(i)'pinl[l11 ~Dd possi.b]e It'lfficic!]c},Qi' d1ep.rq~gal]o:r:t of tile j ~.iStk:~ af" JJIUI', .g~F1l.!i [lC C<i'lJ~le. Uill' W""Y of:i!rl i~llil$U'aUe!1 r.~car!, !lOlove'¥er, 00. ~"',i.. led out thatthere are 6 M U ~Jih:l1lOwg!1!nitsatic:Ils in Burma pi:\~P~H \Vh'Cla,re Ob\!,jOlilS])f Illl'H!lier the ioiUl,c1'iICC of tbe CelHral G!:iV,crillmelii~, In, t.hi~

,i rn,l:lli.g[]!llU

]afl:'

the

CQiU:ntli1

d~d,es

Mt!5rim~;: inB'Y1!fma <!H':lL~S is ~otlling; .~hQrl of rnc~sm.

11 ~~~ i!ig of U:H'l J'fldj;g:e,",olLl~c

back. Tbese c?mp£!l.&a~ed.

who Jcnt lIftel ~96.2 lw~\lC '.SQ' ·~.obran dI !heli1illljo~jty

now .

~s

Our Ii~,h!titlns wiifilb~ Bu.ddb:xsl;$r-err.taiIlied 'Ira.dltiQI'la:·~iYllitlrmG.n]ou.!l <i'gd eOiFdla,~ till .19"42 in which oWinous "e;a:r ai]out .S'Q,,~ o:l'~ur jnl]Oocftll
,a~d" ul1~rfi!l¢dllJt\eple We~ JlHht~n!t gwup Qi BJ!lddCiiM ~~;!I~sa.cr:ed

ce I'Ile.:!d af'efer,e:nc·e m.ay be :m;ade to;l rep!lr'l. ~H!lb~j:5lnffi! n the issue dl<lltedOCh:iber 13.UnS of I the gov~ll]lnle~t ,ow~6dlJ~jily~ ·~lbaGU!lr:di~".·'., on t~he subjoct of cdtii::ls'oos ill ~om!! ··F<o~ei~'[1
PliIb]fit3HQ!!1s" :rel:a:tiog B!:l'L'mese Mu~]jjlfl:S.
w,:stlll~ie cppfe&~~.icH of th.e

'

;oy

N'lltie,rndists

po:pul:.r

IB·Ii:l:ddfi!]s

t...

>C~

is'~r.G

be

:ii, E:U.fIl'!!l}J;I ifIj,

whOi$e t~ b~.a the

I tc'J">l)

The
,Jjj

re:p(Jr:~ :rev!:.. !.!! that

1J

1\;0 1(0

tbie

NIl !tli'lter ,of HQmre aJild Rel~~,gions.AlT<!iil'li:of Burma

iong; '~ih h.is 2 Oe,pi.uiest l

In ;;,P ~~l,Ia~e1y Oltl'~];J;~ O

.'I'rnd!~~iiIJ~alJyiELM .histo:r:f;eaUy we

etMIC . ~C!!iS in-~r;:lk:lIi"1 ,; (me Muslii:ll~ 8Jl1Id'~he BllHlIIdb~st!l> alP!!! IkDO\1;rr:l as ':&OlUNG y AS ,01'1'10 MAGH~WiJD io. !l!]JboeqlJ!;n[ .rl!ifCIli~[I]cesma:y b~
1ll!iJ(iCfMQOd ,;15

pi!i:[J3.ry eenferenee, :met the leaders lOF Ute said 6 MusHm Orga:lli.s~lilOiIlllin l{,amgoQIl.· A~tcr due

deli:~>e'ra~.i~Gns the
Press erlnelsms

M~llIl$ter dec<~~red theW{i!rld *,sllm!'"olmde·di. flliild "iWOl!,g.~ to

sueb,

13,
AI~AKAN
GFiOGR.APUY
]it hi .. fac~Olf bis:t()'ty tbat :se'oll,ral,'lhy :p[ay~ a gr,es/,t pal~ iillll sna,plng tMppUlica~ Ii!\': of l1L coulltry and mou~d[l1g tb:~ SOCi~ih~ul~l'Ir·a.~pat'lJ!!rn of ftspe!l!~le. The.pl1ysi,eaJ f~:ilitu:oos ~Il.d Dat~lIfi~ p~r;:Jl]iaflHesandl:!~ reHee:!: tbe life Md. eulmre of~t ]a:ll'd. Ybe l'i.i~tQ1Y -or a C:OUiDtry (lllnIlO!. hili apprec;ta'led wi~]a,Q!lt tbc kuowieg:ge Q:fits;

g~graiP.hy.

:HCRCO,

afl~deaof

We UillIt:llJnI.

PCc,u I iati~je-sif'tI i. am ·essent:i;d p'rcltllnilltHi:ry to Chill m S[1ii:!l,y of ~~. h:~s~Q!~'y.

I
f
r

'Wherefore. in pmc]Qi8: fuis

th.e Pe:rtO(l-';]OVhlllg ,(:,jl']!Ri'l:'d:

BfQcb!.illre befom wodd an"fl. the "I}:m~·"

,ei'cnees or its ~l\':.til'e:me~y .\lid'll3i~(lfldp'(:!oJilJ.'esit is; l

feU "bs(ll~rely'o£;~~i!iafY:i l!!l the ffr5t i[lS'taD~ to

a'eseri.bctlb.e ~'Irapby
mo:ll1e.r[a:nd

of our .rightful "aud. s.ac~d

-m.tfiV!!
!Ql!iIc;!:'

wh.cre:w.e h.a;vC!;IC:t;IlI':!

sey,el"m:lgen.et!"l.¥llo·~s <!inJi filmj~i.es' ~nd our dMd,

~s~abn!iibed row ho-mcs Jl;!Jd

l'M :fI,eCigil'a:plk~!I~ 'ptil(;@IJ<1'ri!tie~ of 'this wegio!'l 'Qf A~I{:u:'!Hi!! t&U5 a t~meltdous ia:fhl(';llcc 1i)lit tle l'liO]hkilt sodal. spiri~lJ3t, ,ecouclI:nie aIiid 01 t!:.b;eROH~NGYA.S andtli,e MAOHS. 'f:b~ natural features ,of this ~ .d. • whick w~re •. <ililldey-en. ~I)W ~,re. p"o]ii'i.tt!.ll its~~t" 1e:fl:d.i:strrllct1vtll marks 00 seele-eu 1tmlll iDstl'tl!l!· t:[Ol!iS~ ~,~Cita~ ,giiltlroOk, 'W~J ,~f~if~I' Gdh,:u",ati<:l.I'J,
cuM:urai life

~ fo.od, d'rleS5~aDdrn.aIJnl1~fS ~iD:d ~,~~!!}m o.!: iU ~Cilp!~'. ~bll br~ Ilb~s some geo,g:r,aphi~1 ~e.at)I:I.r~sof [Hi olwn i1Indwhich dl:Uinguistlei!'l it fml:!JlUl!l) re-$t .of BIJ!~".
-

1.5

a],o:Fl:g~b~ IlO:ar:st (1)1 t!l~ Bay of B:c:mg;lll <1!:Dd s:!retcbe~ .Im,nil'~bi ,a!]d. sOlltl tou-ch~l'J~ .B8JJB]r!l<ll!es:bon Ol~ . BOIiIIw'est. lm:iia. '00l. tb,e north 3!nd ~lle ,Ch.11) Hjn~ ,on Ule :JlIll.ti~heast. It is se-'pQ~red i'r:omtbe .l1i:~ efml!llD:~ by t~!(i! AFakalI!, Yo:ma,whk!D! lies ex~enrl~d frolil1! Ul~ Chim H~n3. on. 'tbCOO1lt£t. t~, :tilo iBia,y, on ~b~ ,i'joutb. itt. ha:ll.an~"HI ile botdt.~ ' ]b.Il~I~de~b., both ~[Yrand and~. to wh.idl if: :t,rnd~b;:)[)aflly stflVes as. '~n,~ Ga~eway tee Ithe Par '~.s_!'\ by land. l~~~~ ,oj re tlom:e - :pl~lIIsibJe. rn s ~'O,nc!l!l'~f~r,emoes <'! lso de.scdbfn.g il!. 3:S ., The G,f~O'!:!'e:r 'Cbh:l!agol;lg"' . harv.ing ceUillll'ie:.s..-.okitwadej ,pnJ:rt~~, !lQ£;ir:d$~d cl)!Jturralre~~;tion$. Wlt-!l: Chitta, ,8:00;8 prop!!I'an:lllJ {l~1l~ ~<lm 01 &!Ilg@.~ as we;.i1.
Co

. It is a. ni8:r:ro~'lUounta.in~s:

"o!ltri:,l!:,.of

liflllllrd

an. tELe:r-e !l,re sev,ern ri;vCifs: TJ.~ Naa.f. K:alad iii 10. [.,em.u, Aidi l'al:1llgllpa,l!ldi Sal,ld0wa:y. The' N'aaf ]:5 [;!l.e I:)ollllildary Ilne
III
Mii!yllll,

,a~ta :iHlcl tbe W'~m~ol~ ~d ca~lIl?e, at t.h~~~!'Ii5:t. bQ1sl~ftbe a:l1o w ,a'\!er,lJIltlil~of (he eompo,5JtliQIl., for mEII~y QhV~(jiU~ ~i~p:ms",
po]l,UcaU:y-;nuDJti:v<lit:ed sta~. p¢~~aIClJol ,c¢'Dsus:repolUi:
i

kl WiiJCIli Arab na!lld CIl!t~:n'llgollg,Tf:!¢

Kamafiflll

wHb

.Its

roiaj'

ts 14,.9j4

:'!m:a. Itnc'I'~di[lg, ci'orCf; ;a,nd' fQre:i!,~'!. . SIQJ. Rl.!,p.re~nHY'iDhl!ibU'cd by.2 miJ~io~

Is U:l;~b~g~est. one.. It r,~sEl~ rtO'ITI~~Y'()l1g~ dw Ar<l.kal'l111HiI~: l'.mcu aed flows iD1lto llu!~ ~~lI'bll:rcnt Bay of B!~nga.l. <It AkyOlJ.b" the 'r;;i'lief sell·pau. for the whore: of thero~io;t'l. L'Il:.~ ill"! Kaladia'[l. the rest of t!:i$'!-'l V(lits~OWi' lut'"' ~h,r;l Biay wi~.1Il. ~O:!iPe 'IIarlOlltlQJls., AU of ihese river.~ ~[e tid$ll aad 'e~uri]y .[!avigJ3,Ole arr thE: yeiilr .f'O!i!I]!d, Parfkuhdy. tile '[I1lOi;illil'l of' the lKal<3,d!l.Q;'!l'!dlthg! LcmfQ; a;(~ Very wide aCId de~p' whe;rl: iSl(;O:reiS" cl ccei!,lJj~gp,i:VI,g vess~ls of vlaJriolJ!s d.eiCdp~ion;s; sailing i8iil!ldS;li!tilJil1, c:oulcllbesee.n all the 'ye:ar round. nwst!y m~J'IfiiOO with Mu~li:m ~ai!ors}]ll.m'Dg from diffeJtlnt pJlrls of Mllislim worl& • .Spec~aHy Fwm Be~g~l'ChiUag,oJllg-; 'NQa]{bali And. Sylhe~ dis1r~lSl~ :A. C.Q~.pl!e ot m lles, UiP toe. d vel' N8J.lf, ~here 11~i 1(11) its ~.!lt;e-[.WJ. stuary, the parr elf Mal!U'Igdaw. e TMsr:iveri.ne port wasestab~l$hed purely by the Riobi.ll;gy~s atmost ~t tlle sa!ll~ tim.e of the. MIQ'nlsaLio[l of'ti~~ flshi:og town 0,1" .Ak_Jab, jln A.kY,Elib blal~d, by the Musli.m s-ea."f".riog:md flliiri'limepeo<pleJ fro'ffi tne Wes:t. l.nda~a 1/Uld E:e!l!t);i3il.

peopl~ of 'tlie RQhlli,ua.s: aDd M"lIgh~ ini."lqU:{iJ~_ pJloportwn·:'i1 !Ili~cl:uru[ig itbOMt lIilttnr <!i Wi:imc,rli of ' tbLl~ R.'Qhingy;!'ISl wbIG, s.ll!i:te 1942, 'fI~ t~e J«!niCI. ~O'V"lfj~l1!!s( couotries, of tl:ie wQrJdl~' to es~~ ~FsecU~,!OI!l and ~m 1~lllI!ljl~d aiJli .hC\lla:.i!ii due II!O gros~

rarcJaJ di~i~In.aI:iOIl, 'J1l1L'J OOm'b:!ijt~og ~I ~he: pOPtJjati~J!l ~tself oo:!i£ct!il tIThegratlu aJ deve~QP~~!1it: of th!l ifiIi'~lQ~1H)!F iI:h~ jai'id. ,Bu.t. hQwe",e:r~ rfle

16
'Ow!, ~ lJ!ie banks aBbe his1:!OiricaJ] river l.emrro thi:nil "~ti.r~5hed S!i)lmc :lmcimlU;Ltic~ JikLli Wl:saJ~!. lauf;lgg:!"l'lt, .f<l:r~fIl! !1.<I M[;au~ ~ (Mrobaung.f P'aflliat;q1,l.iUu}, wbjcI1. th.C'ClI.l!.gbp'~s~g,e of tLme. lJeciIme Qvcrshado·w,ed by the mpfdr,J de'll''e" ~Qpcd tow!]!ilf tile n'lofiefl1 AtYlllib. T~!= (fih€:[ ~nk:lioii' :ri:veli'D:f.il':: po.m: K:y.:;uJktaw. Bal'ldO'UOt

Min~a.

Pauk:bw,

P.aletw;;l", 'f:.ujngbaz~r,,!hHhe·

d.rJiu;rng,litatlilcdil.lilrnJ, Au, TillJ.~gl[lp. Gwa and Sand()W:J:Y~ all pmdamin.enUy iflh::lJbi~Jtldi slnee very .fo:~. by .<1. mix.ed poplli:atioll of the moftbwgy~ alil:d Mag.b.s. <are not. irr~eflld£d to be llOu~:h.~~~iiI. for b(\eVl ty of ti.nne· a~d .!ltpJ$cg:" 'Rowc'lt'£~
~~1iIClit

d~·:ria~1~. upl.;) 1784 A.U. i.[i, ~\,hich yea.!' lhe nl:irmeS~ K,Jn.g. 13;nd<l'wpJ:ya piifuge,c1 Mrllulku (MI:'~,hantlg) nd cO['jqll,it~£d lhe M'(l.uku 8mpir",. a .on t~o 0 titer Ita !lei. A kyAb ,g:rilduaH)' de \ichp~t:I' fr'Pma low']y MusHln fishin:g~I'.fm:dfn~ iU'IiJ pi'<ltJc;l.i rgfldczv...ous to Ure ~'UltIJS'of the p.re~~111 cap[~1 of'j'fhe' Arak,,'ul SlMe'- ([h~mal.rn>lin:~y throUgll Cllo,e-<lvou'rs :arnC! i'!:nlerp:r)~~ of the ,Muslims" follow.::d J!~.~tty b:.r th{i,~ of ~h~we~tem Chrjs!i..aI1,~ I3!wi a b:ail!lt:lfid of Cindneso pel:lp.lc.: fI',,?w Jndone~ia .. and. :BW:rlll.ll!.PtQ·(f13Il'. Si:L.rprj5[iUg~1l.- allUlrtg the. :Rob~tlQYl'ii.$ ac~d the MiJ.ghs tlll)~te were; alslCl :~WO ,,",oeIi40'"clo Ci'e:r~Ii1;Mland' l'CHV fa:wm¢i estabii;iu:d
~~lOO ~(i:ng~. .i . The cHm,,~e' is tro pkOii WLtll an a~elage I ;lnlhl;alfai[]Ji:al~ of200 inehes, The ,r1l!oll:lnt~iIlOUS areas .are heuer atH:I cO.lder 111an t'h@ cti'flstal oohs. n.li1l o~I-t;h i;lJieisJJ nd s ami dlleMclS, in OiIrldi tion , el1j~y a m.atittme lel;llwt~. On thie wh~re .its

m$:t<l!m~lybQ ]~n:o!led ftlr

me

imp~['I<li,n:oe of (he. rivet' ~..hY!l '

fSevel1ll
f\~O'!SO't1~.

Che piril!1cipal' one ofwll[cib is 'Ilut. h rises fhnr~ and: ,Si~nll\i' fh:i.ws 1l1i:}!LJlcl~r~ iilln: tlbJrul!lgr'h:the kel!!d ()f the '.lr~l!~ .ti reJi;llZtwa~11iI i:ll :I.Il~ eH:tem 1lI0.ok gf the N<J:>l a tld. th.e weste en f '1;il~,ulaTY ttwl!oi!J!l!cst K<I 1,1i ,af rh~ Ii ver~ IiId m itted!y :al~d trn:di6o'~lIy klll(iW~' ~~."The MiUHm. Majn. ti~, rcii in AiFd!t;<lIiI''', The pa.fi!LMOIJI:!i:t hlsrcrleal A ;mlj'll'Om'i~arioe ·iOf M:1»:h.<II;11l g: C:-l!lll et alsnhe OVl': r(be !rnUr1l.iheln h~]y u[.':;la

loobd,. mci.iUIy l)rlJlll,L'l inCOrl,trovert~ba{i. fll:ct that it is tlI!esent~ry :lli:t,leuU. ci~y whi:ch has ~iJlivedi S4S yeill:rs of v;;tl!>~i~l,Ides ill Ar.fif{JmJ and W~5: 3J1:so tli,-e p tl:t:nptlll~. ees t re oI [s,l!i.m~c eIviliis.uio(1 ~d .::;i:i]lur¢, 'fit Ieast f1"lt>fi!L ~hl! time oif kiBg SQllai~al.'Th (C'oolfupted. in!.o ~awMw::ll~.!. U;l:~I<tH A.'I).) !·t~e J.founder. of t'h~Mr.\lI~u

e~i~~~~t~ vI;iIiY(:Gnd~ldv~ to h~L!ldl~I!Iti(lIl!Si.p~I)~le. iJ\ The lWO pa.[lOr3,Mic itS,jaJllds. o.f 'C:h'ed~bfl,llmi Rumrce :!lri'ltidM tile' ~eep bll,Le 'I3:tl.y wa~;er are also r~rti~:ewim a mixt!d ROllin.gy~ and Ma,gl'l populatien pr.imatily· eng~c!. in aa:[)ii;:u.I~l]r,~ and trn:d,e. In an lbJI')·se is'iSl~lIll~liI!D:id is!et~toQ t,be Rli)hillg~)l WCf1e in. d~iiH' majQt.ity Inn" lll'lrQ.;['tJ;l:rtiite]y~tht\y :Ire l'ICl1wriegl.]CM t(;l mil)lQ:r1ty ;iLlJd PLI'LS!l!(;!:!tea'.

'1he.re
la

China

a!:llii ~I:uili:a:, Inc

m~ five 'Qvc,,"bnd rOI;l!ie5:\, w.IlIeh leila

At).
T:l.JHlgllp

and

10
tnS"[OBY( 6&1)1 .. 1,'~7', )
UllliV<l'l's:a1It1;111'1
We Ctl:t'Illo t~,bamio,~
C<l~f.let

(
II;l~Cln,t!!cl

2.1 ')

w~th the Fait" Enf. sine!;: 300 A.O: with the ad""e'fll of hlam ln ,to A. D. OJ. ,t:CJlI!!i~dlij~ilb.ie f!\Imber of MoslilIl!l of
&tm:IJ.I'~;l[iC~IU:sly hfs h,i,story. So dtffe'I'CmI,t o:! ffia~'l.iol1i.:5 ~Ar[lo.:;! Pel's.!@Qs.. TUiiK 3. M'O (I[S" [J1c!Qonc1l ia4l S 1h!'!(1 A byssi,I'J.],rltIsfotl tl;!d hOtIj,~

forget
W

an clI cy 1'1 iic:1.:1Ty

p!l:s:t

h~s[ol",V o:f our pc;op]e OOti!fi't~:: big Q'r sm<l]l., ha ~

cons [gn the o'OIliV'itifl. Ev:e'ty l]iS(IDry' lts ,own,

in. i\raMa,
!']n~hc 8~h an,J ~h
!!Xl'!'tlll!l:l~:!i

or

oftl:i.Q Ch:l'iS;~i!l'ElE[':I!i,

For,' e,,(l:I'I.l,:U, Aralqli:li ~Ics,' ,Hrld

b:!l~ lxe:1!t ith~ s,cef1eOf,

Hmdu"

L'l1'Id' [aU of some civili:;!;aJ'~~QDS:

lnbabhed by, ca,~llitm.'ls ,00ri,~ h,~a!h~~:s ,,,,,11:0, h~d to Dee the r.;e:gl~n due tothe gmdufl,! IIlf'lU~ '!;If lbQ' :Hin,d'lI~<unrd 'Iu,dd h ~s.ts, [r'o Ill! In d i~t [1:I:r'01,] !l:~,
A~~i1irn and l3c:ngfl L [h:lviiITl!l, tb~ ,h;:1!/;,;t, lOt) ttl'lS:8 ,1\,,1:).. !!;Ome HindiID dy,n.<J!stic!i ruled .0'1'(:,1" ~iI'taoill h~~fed a[i~as
iBoha,r,. OdSo$iI..

b.~,amtc. lftl pn::bl,istor-lc days

tJf;;;d~,Qf'AI',EI~m~t'I!llnntl'J nrmdsh~:so ,il Wit:!>SPl!r~SdY'1 Nt~~c'r:d,

lr..ll:t 1~,b,C'

Bydd:l;i!,~t'

.r~se'l

Ihrfl''r~,hjil~re f(Yli~mQsJ, ,~(;'~fal:~J'l.e:8'11d ~1:aJTliHmc p~Q.p.l(l, ;.f c,,~ '""Oi"ld: .and I.hl:! Atil.!;. 'm.eliiihlL1!lt!1 s'tl'il.::d to ,IllJll;<tlJC!r~ !~ {,' r {Off !XI'u(~'t:rioes o'f tin'!: Em;l;~"'1:1(1 tho W~~. .. Tho
mueh ~..
[1i~'~~TIi

O,,~;'!~. ~!lJ([ IS:!;\!'oI B<:l!llgal .~ 1l,rn~ in~1!I

t(ll

i!=Icdo{l from

at

show ~hill: the- ATilt. d100 C05!e ~(Be'!lg.8.11ll_~ Atllrr.,li!1'I Elnd. t~c A[.~b fIli~'r,;;ihM~~ e$t,B]~nshed ex~~F1!>i",e ot~mm.o:?r.¢ial 'r·(.'!l-at~~m~ f~h t.lle liN Jlflfh of dm8eo w A reb bk.e~" 1'he:r~ is ~vido'n~e :<~Il ~1l1JI'~' fQU(P8rlJcil "till!: I i;M' Gf
.!ml,f'll,d~".(l".

of tl:tii$ r~g;,ow"
l.timfO.

wHh

~hdr c;apha,1

arons:

tfu,lI;l,

~,i¥~r

Bnlliddhis:m ·arose
~~Ii!d .ill; tbe
i~uddhrl'im

<lS, ~

ofj~l:lJoot ,of H~n~l!li$li11

afitlJf

city

or W',es3li both IfIinduism :Sil'ld

lH'llict1c;ecdl blJ'~ sometimes

were

i,!lld IJ K ingoS of 1h,c Cbm. n.d'l'1l dyr~'ilslY rOUi:!ld!!'d th,~ dty of We~a.l~ (the ~..j;pi.ta i of the '

SemleR

~hc: .il1fhn.K of M'l.lislims:" ,a, MOlilg.oUan inv·aJ,swoiIJJ lOOJ.;: pJaC'~ in Arra,k~1'I wnTlChende:d th~ Cru...ndir .•

lI:i'llg.dom of We~~di} iil 7g.S A.D.,

Umro"

Oil

1h,e ri;,;e'~ dy~~a;:>ty J[l951

There at Ramtl. a

A,D.

HindM.l-rlllll

~Il

1b~, ')!asle;r'ly

I
J •

fr~m the wag alse a smstt H i~l (I,ll!.

50mill.':'~

'B;:r.y o'~ ~h:lIl,gflt

Ki!ilgciom

n,i:s

Hindlll:

Wes.aJi !bn.i;~ v<in~;llcd forever. iD'I'als,iol'l ne l 00 I"I c]o!>e'd 'lII'i:C: clj:l'oeh af tI!Ie
:S'.tf.l~e,of

14111C¢",'s Bilz .... o'~ thcCOa~[i1~" ~ regi'DII'I bet weeiil Ara b,(1 ';;!;!!ld C h iU.:ligO nf.l:, w:h.lch ca:me in di,rett c~nt<l;Cl wi~h the, Arab mercha 1'1 ts
:::lnd bOOllim ~ popuia:r

pla.c~ '10

mi:res

C~r.dms

of Jl'e'!'lI~f1~ th.e 8>lirne lInl'e. at

with them.

bJu ::\i;!'so c(1!:r,fi~g a,'I',!Ity '~b~ raJa K:.ifilg~ We:lwi I~Qui~ ~e"~rr rue I1l:C rpe 'Ol,lt ~J1 13 e[i~.1 ihe f.I.tndllS ~egalil:ltd tl:aei:r :/lluf1rem8(;1 iii!. a .ftw ll~"rs by pl:lsbing baek
11!ltfO, 'I,he deep~[

fl ist-or,,. i... replete with mo~t al.lthellt~~ rde iLt: nees an fl d i:recf evid~nee or' the Arab,s; 'be! j),g

'tli~ b1!rbark: ML':l11,goliJ.lfIs: 'm~uI;Hi in OUS atl:ia,~.

'!rh~ Mm:lf~t!'llam; "vm:1I! 5;!1;~'iIIg~~ i'Ind £i:>bl!O'YVi:n~ •h~lr in \l\il.Sliiln~1! jr r'\-~Iil'r(~a ~l'l(1tl pf' iIlirilik;p,~~s,'.C'Iil~ I ~W~v~!1',b~ a::rl'~i:n!:l,OIJ:S, ~;!~d~ willt d~!! c:oi'llqllof'r~
(!!OElTl!(i., ~fi OOIHDC()f
~I!!

It5m~~ .rililJjl:J,'lf d;L~m '~cam~ of

,eGU]],tC7 f!'CI11:l

llrli!"m"b-!l~dli1lltUt~ o~ th~ e
WlitS

l,n\?y

!-tad ronqu~IM.
F

OOt!l~±!!'o!l: lver

'lhl:" !;'8ll'iLtLI

r~mQ\r",d

W {>~[l]i ~o,tl)mm

tifk(',n ruitC3:;.uutb I!a!i~".

,j"Thc!(''C,,during the e!'l su i,~,gee ntu rles :n,..l:llierIO'U!~ dp11l:I st~e!lruled, eaehwith its c,w!!!. c;ty but alwolys ill t~e: sam,e rO(;;l~jly.Ft'lw arcl'ic::ologleal rernM'I~i[l~ 'tRh;:~ edocl of _y oCr!III rlese Xii;'~.,~holl!gb ,of

. brick

~o1!ilDdatioi'is uay

seen ,0:11,lmLt:mr.O t

ooo'L;:. '(tII,ere, was i:H),_ooina!ge dlll ..]n,g the lJe:ruQlgl of S ooII~u:ries,j. Oil"iii th1Fiig a,ppe<irs, to b~ cetlain 1iIla,t: thleM~Dgo]ij],11 <::cf\q~~r:or$\vho IJHimfitely

coukl not <ISS ~miI,~ . ~i1GltI:sel"'e~.. 'w ilb the: u~ Bli!ddbi:St~ b,~ ~h,~rvh:!:sl im.~ gf,jdiu01U,¥ roced~Ll1 M~
t1~~niiJl'ighoouring lO'!:nuffi :eirlgll.~ .• B m'J!!l,IlI;I!l~:J'QU:$rc,gi9~~ of AlrratOl!l!1

"'Ov,er th,e mOU[1til:iIl1i in Hurma proper WfB: Ute: q~1!J,ln K iIlgclum oifr~ ~a fl. Ttl ere i:l); f sted 111'03([ COIlI]GC.lll]lg t~~ lernro with pngan. The foo:lld l\!,>;t$ k~ tli~1,Itlal Buy we li-mfL-nY(l"'. lOu ri ng ~be pe:ri().(jJ of 5~ntiltles tile M'El:f,lllS ~e'pt COJil~ ta:cts: wi~h Pagan. espec.uaUy ill matters of rt·~igroflT "'I t w:<ts a.Iolig this !road,HUII tho!!: f~V1lion~ ideas [jJ1!ld. :811 rmese wr'i U ng. .i n 8o];l t~ [il{lIa~ :i lS(:rl pt. l Cil:ml!.l' OVG;{ to Ara.kan. c1uriJlg tJn~ ] Un aJTIlr£:! 12t1~ CCJiI:i'i.u"~es No j user i ~l,iQ!1i n the Bllrme se seri p ( '

~4 j
am h}' ti I[ HI.[~ ~n wit feb 3'~ar. att bC! haf!l!Jou S jn"IJ~'lli~n O[ a. murderous ~rol.l:r:! f lhe Buddh-st o

I'

N:;;.tl(lI:l~;i~I". hundred
t.... ere

of,Rohingfll

,s;I!lUleme1lit:!l

dc,.·~I.'il-H~'d :1!.Hd ab~ll.t Bf)~OG[J iJI'I31;med of

'mil [Je-ac.duj' Rohi,[~~yas were !;av<lge]y m3,SS!lCr,~(ji. the :l,~(l:l'Iyo[ \vl'1leh is; Min s,~i!.rpenl5d 'I1;y~h!i:l ml,:uucry of u.hc: !!Hl CsOnVl h(j:~cdy,
AnywJ}" by !,11,~ lhl1e Ut~ Brrrmese

',.The

"IiU.~il':ltQII

nJ lh~

~M~~gDiIlC\c:

[f[ljg1:l'llij[c

,lJi
O~W

llL:Orc

~,- or. it 'o:Il,,~LClJJ' '"

of tht't A r <lb.M~f' "o"'l'I~'[I,...., it \O;>8!!i t ~~~ :. ,.~ . '~.~ _

writil]~

e;jmc over 'l<i:l /\raknn n lingL~"frOJ;tl'C<I h~d ;!~.rc;;ady dC've]oped, h wai'l termed as, ltOmNGVA. .~u'b:seqlJent~y it ~b;;Ob<egIHli '1.0 be w:r,uUen U~ A.rabic ami i8e:ngflli t:)ilaractcf,s,. Wherrea:s" the Mngi1L Buddfui:;tIl w!:aQ were o!!'igjmd,!y of j\ryan 5toiek ftom MJ.~~:1dha, .ofBellrtr til India, dming the ] Ub <tnd nth Ce'Ii.H1ti:e-5" d_\tyel.oped 0:lJ dJi[l,I~l by addJ:iti<HI of BMilmcs~ words tc RO"lN:GY.A~ 1m, eeurse Df lime it was term!'itlas MAGHt In fi':a.d. bCl'th of ~h~se I~mu, am o]~e and t~e same and freo~y iOpOlk~n hy boU'l rhese i~ld~gI('lnous, races

tbe MD]],gol.~~o i1i.~'I!>d.'i!'r5 -of lm.1.: l~~h h~tJJ,~t ~I;hh~r~ :acrm'l> t h~: m:o~nl~ LIiI.'! nn,;:~ =ta;:;~ wi~h n·..ITiIiili'l Llil U'l(! Uth i& [2dl ~lltlJ ri!:~ lIllcile~id~ ." ... ,:.•'" Tiho- qtlC'::.t lon ."IWC'I>~~· is DIiJ!,g[m!il~ ,of

"l';n:~ilry

]Lid

~"CTI1 cnt",

The I'llu~[i ms, he we v~r. nf',r~r t :ri ed to ~!;ulblish ;lny iK.ulI!$dom oftlleir OWn b[jl_rem!li~l{!t.:I ~"llsfied us k~llg n~.lt.~n;[m I4Jtl A.D. as tb.ey were more ifl'tcrt'l~te>d iii car'ryil'lg en [h~lr eradi'liOi~ai 'lnlcle and p!:'oplgmt[.nE: [s~al"B.
ill]

ari!.1:;~
][11,

~bJil

~~,\luSlll,'iln~\'l[\~

III isMt. at Il!"t ttl, ar:dvf: 'lUi

[20Y'
tio

Ar.ak:a!IlJ. The M8Jgh

fi:tfOl1e

Kin,g

NaJ'llmi~hla

was de:p04'lI;ld 1n[,406

A,D)', by the hei["ap~!;cllt

of A~rak:JJ:!JJ ~V:e~IQ' t:rtis day_ Of course.~hje laUelf,p. i:.e.[h~ .Maghi is, n\l( <It wdueru. '~:3:J:i,i!!Ul!l;ge bill "'l;li:l:l"eIY,;i dilil,h~ct". ID, other words,- these lwo~i~ter lingoes &'[,e: ~r,I.~t;:pilr.a.b~e' frorll each
Qtl:!~f'

the:

of

A"V1li,

"He

lle;d th.~cou,ntm')!,.

taking rdilg'e at

Qr the Wusiim. Be'tD,ga~,T,h.e M~.,gllliKifl! rem.ait:ro:d

t.h ere f~,r l.-4y~t.!l
J:U'liJl~!~

(J8iIUt OlO

~pit:l:l.l or

~ht :SuUan~
,i Il the

1~a.,ri,og

hi~

COUl3uy

11:1lhC'l1eTd f po,1 iHes a~,~ am k15~ n~e ~age<s n::t;ll;:ntBurmese bjstorica~ w'Ofiks" we. to, our g.a~~estfj'LlrlJ:DcrIs.etfind Ulf(lJl,e.l'~~ "'Ar\1lkll1lI.l.:s-e" and "Arabncse l.aI!!l81Ja.~"'Ut[LhL1.{ed 'ie the
I)

of

SI~Il:U;;

the EiurW~$.~" n}:'!!Ssh.<l~ Na1!~:!"I:~d!41JI!tl ;':l.h,,:h.b~<l.[IlIe ,~l.Ihamil in ~42'" A.D:, NfiMliitli.thl'a gr&dlJli:l.t0t1 b~m<iicH ill. Ml;!Islim. ,'!tl;.(ji~s,'.mld ~ILITnoo away [tOm, what w~:> tBltlll:Jdhi~t3ncl f~milcOl![ ~o whllt was Micas]1m ilIiiWSI for(j~gn. In SlO dO]llg :hE: l.nom:~dfifom a~e I1Itedi ..aewal,e ~be m )dem, from t

,of

..

( zs )
Ihe:: f'l'ag He ra.~l'y-!:jJl d of ·i]]e G.i'ar.~:i- POl l.a:ce ell ron.h:::le 10 toe robus!t eXl.n:'avalga.i:1iz<II 0 f 'be T.ho'!~sa.nd! NjgI:H~Hl!gd OlJe ~jilFll", He eVe[ihll~l~y JsJ~m. utli!lll~r dID~ nam.e Qf S:i!.l~a]man Sh<l!h. T"ile;n, ~'811!t<lil Nmi.~ft1l;!!d~.n Sl]a:~l. r~UQted !hIm in l43Q A.D, .~ tl !!Icier thC':!is'.<:t1moo M lIgh.!i'lIll! of :SarWl' M·wiln .1lill:(j] M'muklJ 'i!'ilas.biii.!I~. 11. is ~ OliCW'Qi'!hy UHI~ "one
COin W!liS cece.l1:~jy fOlliJdH~r
C

2?

•!

.~ccePf!;:d.

str·nngest fonifi·edeit.y of the B~:,'Y.Hnrlltli~~dctl]i~~(~ hi~ n~~'1J' tj'bu!.~~~nga [af~I;:!1i;lllll'l'l.~~!l1~'UI mal~l~l1' \'I']t:tllliilirdy Rohi[lna tMl,~lhneni~l cO·QPcm~.Otali

w~tllL f~('i Powrngues,c In lieu; of ;tn~dt':CDliiC(:lL~~'IOrJ~

'The ~l.ldd~l1 )rIM of Arak.a,1!!I ill,to llilipl;!~ced.c;ntG~1 import~nce~1!I t\be HiilY .is pdmC'r~1a~~"due to II:>: hlami sa t iO[l. •• A.rnJ\e.a Illilad tmIiJ:od JIlt,!) I). S.ul.,...~ [1[1.1' a~H! tanste. Tk ~.tlle .of) U If. wa~. rl''''])-."I'~'Il .On .G·· '" m .. _. Dc.lhi. ~ ~hei'~ were: unad\~ 'OlI~d U~e s<e"'lglio~ rho si~~'\"e~ and the e x1}'clHion "r", 'fbe:n: Wcr~ ab;oi.!!1tc freedo!'ll'l. of rle]igi(n~. UrlQlJgillt" m O'llem (;,rilt., CL1!'tllrCNilIf.lY nll nltld~menlai 'uigJltni:l'ld' f;re,~dol~l~ bll:!lllk Shall emb.:::~!illh.~dMrallh with. imJ:OSqucs. JI~god~~and meauraerus. The; ~:rcll_~le~lurc e~ thaitH''5''lU&:.sllnd lfIoanm.eflits: \ven:: nelther ~!lclo....

·of

It;ll.iH

SU](a.]ru'!i

r~y.,.h i" aYilIl ~ li:e dOC:lil.m~llti 11 the. i!lJIstQ~of. A.raili;an ...• ,,","Ill this Wily Ar!il{al!lbec~me deil:lEl!' fel,y (!!r.rcln<l~CdWW3,l'ds iJ!1$ Miudim Sl;ateg~ C~J~tactwith a mOdet!Ji ~ivj'i:z.:ftill;;liIJJ .r~$!!!I.U€d il1 01
.rena is:S:;ln~e. The
11;::0L111 U."yt-sg;re8:lt

t1~e !i:.r~.eQI the

u_ge ~'~g~l!l"' ..

_ It tClOir lbckifig~ of .Arabll a. hlJ,l(lrl\'d l'ea.rs. tber.e:3::!'ter f(l !~ar.i1iI.:thc d0.ctrin:e 9fh~~ITI.. Wbc:n H was' ~JiCl.tij!lJ~h [y !nl!dentQod" th ey fQiL:l nc!(:!l W"bOl t wa[;~now.D. OIS UIIl Mrl!!URij El!IlJpim. Forlhe

~srlll!.mi;;:: no,r ~fldjrll1! A:l!!,U ·(!Ifa pa.rtr.culllr typec~H.TI.c to be krLO':W" Ils "BelJg.l;l~MI:l~lll\1l .j\J'cl'l.it.ectu.re" of the MusIirtl (J:eDga~',ptriod.

l<lJo.ec].5 3t\. Aro k<1i0 r.;:marntd to rhe M1l3.:l.1m LWtl@:ll and ru.rtht,~ ~Cillinr H::;: lltt~orJr' Uilld PQ.'itj.~s.· !;:, r jj I, A.D. 7.l~.b.a~k ~:H'!I<l:h.tlnder tM' i!l~"sll[)~cd 'lgh l[!k, of M Mmbm £1.~oeIlded ~h·~ tJ1.tODt; i:lIld [01l!l'ldtl'd Hue Mrayku Empire wrlJ.j'c:~ c"'~c"rI(k'cltJpto Jv.ro~I~~nci,~ in l'owcrBl;;lflrtill, Per:s.ic:ll1 w~~ Ij],l: CQ~lrl Of·~;!J'agl!!~
fH.I~d.[e(jj ye<trs,

"cry

clQs~

I
':f:f\!eB\:J1"rn~~ J1idlIl:i.nL",~red e..1li'k(ln frtm ...1784[",
A.D.

'I~C·cfMr-.!UlklLl since MJD 1'\..0.

n :531-53,A.D.)

Wt1l':,[l .4$l]au,K
h,j

.sJ~'a.h came
~ul·n;,;:'d

;~(j

MJI'Htlk!ll

the thr<Ollc lUi to Iho

~~R

·hl!.bt ta1J~b!:. fl.O"~l'\i:Olg to the p>LIoJll~!Il1the: !c!'I~n~IY·

(, 2.8
T:h~ InU ;3£ M~jj_clm
R"he, i'lgy,,~ mnl ,~J,i:f\~!t,.., foil' !l!'<-Cl:"ylbi.lIg t hM Vl'!l-~ mJ],_'lJI!'~lfl]~Y~[!d jjJl!Illli.~tJl!f Is!.I!mi.e: W,asI ['i'I~'l<tl ro tho!! rgwlIlJd ~:m.l h!lL'nd.t~t1~ l:II~RoMp'gJ'w; 'we~~ bru ~i:llly (I[ :kdh:d.. 'l'wo(!i h\ttl.tl'i'.C"] l:,heHHand!!l :IIr~ :!ill~d to have :lhd t~J [l(lI:l,Iji.:d, "Ihe Mu~] iiill;S. ill hlCit. ,r,QiI,lMlllflt 1:!"!lC ~:J'!lI!'rGI!l it :a,s; ml~rs. Bu.~, !qo:i;d lh.~ Mnn!ll,u Rul~ 'OO~I'!,:Dliltinru.ecl
}.f

t.ru:

W!l~

1.1.

1'1,1:1.d1!J.

bliIJ'w' to boIDth [he

d:idliC1JlI't
h;"

to :;.dic;;::t

i!I:n~

f['OJ]l

nu::d.~.SOI)iJl,g~ ~~"!il ,of

V'1;U~tl~I'

ll}mV]l~lJg (:"m~(H'S

\",1,.0

fflU-GWI?d,

,ll.~d:n~~· a.c;::ct'~'lhl(!

~.h.l!!'I'I01'Hlillt

Qpil'!1.!.!)"',

ith the 3:;1,me,£ent>!.!1:' 1I1l,~~!lc:He~;:I!;il in the ~~:I'IiJ1EIi.i!g· w;l;1i ru 1>tlllr.i2m:~cY' 11~ Ar'31ml'! wCluldll!~'!Ier !!flil. As for 'Lhe MlIf:!i:'f; 'l hi! ,M );Jhnmcl.1!li ·j·liIIoi!!!\I~ Qf Lord Bllcldh,t1. Wm;ll
>';'

r~'n!mvNl Io i\ fI1{nil'u'~;:1, whi:!I:'t:' ~t: !lOW sit!!" Momrn',Q'". ~1Ulc~t a 1.1 ~~ r~ Jioolil'l'lv~nt s d dm Hind.'U all!liB'l.IiI.{thi~~ 'iX"t'i~&~ 'W~~.~ jI1,n:;Uyidil!'!lttr0~i!, and th~ roiit ~8n1.t!cl :'!way t~)(;C'fihaJ. B.~1tmjjj .1;;';,1' )J.OO;llwpaYI!I 'ill' nS4iA.D.

')l'l!e B.riti:dt. ,admit.li,str~~ion .iF:! Atablill, however, :i;io,ii1l inta.tdp~<lc~t(jJ lb' II p~Cl 19c42. f,ew.sj~n~,v<'!~ fetaillIled a!!c.;:J'~ft Jangl!age l,1pUII la36 AU. Tho peo'p1e were, ~;iV'en ~ncmti~e!>ofall sorts ill fli(;"~~~ !;r;te:rci;th~g tb;eir basie right8 .and fi:.mdamellt8J frcedom,s. Urdu. <l.'I'Ir:i Pe-f1>L:a!) w'Cr~ to\l.'ilght
e1VeIil.UI:f~O

i:lI(:.j.:l:mnibltl rbe

·I

king: :hll.dnever iJ;scilI:Gim:; i1!l1d h~I].c<l M!.lslim clee;:t""I1 or 'lhlJ' M';'!lIku ~Iiod .. irln~ Burm()'s,'I! ]l~riOOl!l. ~~ WIIS ·8, C'ha.(lit~ (I'D!), l'hil ]3",rmese
B.tu;mct;("

The

h~ c(lip~~(llh~

the U~.i.verslJ:y ]~v:~t The're wa:~ nu ptolicy 'of nDf\iide <l.Q1dRlule" W9J!\: !HifI p~rceiva:bl[~. By nl85 .11..0. th!~ wh©~'e .Df BI!lo.f.m.3 was eoLlqiLU~i!'~d! by the B·."j,tishlll!rs. 'UlI,r;I. illl ~9'3" ]t '\1ia,fl,&epa.[(l,tea frQ tn [ncl~a. 'nil:: ~;fIdcp.eild,(!IlCIC

to,

BUfr:l.1a, was given

ou Ja[luary4,

1949,

GQ'i.'l1!!mQI' ·Elf M(.)!llkil

(~'l'l' h~llh);a G i!wa.h'ilfllin

fom:l.rli Jt
;)!

j~.11

~~.f'/ 'lil.wllP.5ifl

!;tlll.~[r.

Ar:1lk;<!r:! Slcl1icved

sta(~hooQd 0'11 Dec~mber·15.

~974

o,rgrmhoo

()n~e:.

the

fil~'ocmon. 'l'!) ~~'i.He ~;jt~ 13u.n],(!';:<:! put to dell~:h.

,!U'i,j ,;iI,I![iJom(]

:(II.rui
1!i1I;1Ili)1"

under

R~bi~gl'B s

fiiltl Milig.ilS

olivel'~'

llJ.!\: S:Gcia!i~tRe:p1;l:blj.~ of the UDioll!IJf IEIlllI'ma, .hC<lJd~d by U Ne WiTi!: wbo ;5'00111.3 to niilve ulH:dy failed ~I!) pro'p~ly 8lpprtllClilite and cval.uat1i:'; tbe R.ob i'~gY·:ilimn:age,

llallmg ~Nl. ilJ~~'!i!I5it))!d. Ht ~he' lhl;~,"e~E! a~!ni.!;l" w ~ntml] ,the Fl!Q~']'1! g,f :M,.p,~ku I!nJhua,i:!ls:l;k~llf 1lS~~ wHh. tht:: [h-iJi.s:h!i::~ lirlll.n htlilH!l!too' ,in I!IV1lI!')'W.Ili.:; thdt 'G<OC:UPEllt~c-l'i of Hr~ ~U!fIItil'¥ i!I'I;I:rLl!I:g tM J!st. A[l8~OI:ll!lrm<l'.;;c W~.1r ia24-2~ A,D.·'W:hc.rl ~iw Bll.fm~s~ bn.d 11~~mf))(t M1.'~'jI!ln:u WEI!lOOO;::Llpile(i b:ll' th~, !E'n.glih 'i.ts ~ple ~l<:Vj}J1'~i!M: ~he, hiS~Qty of 14:3JO,1\,,0. W'()uMfu~ ~hllt ii!e~ak~ nrnl tL.~t II, Ml!'IlIil.k1!l, ]:rr't!!~e ViQuld. ~8' plaoJl~d all,

oJ

nl!~,~IH'Mo:!\" But
~~n C~l?lirnLIl

1!IInfm;hu~ilIwh
'Y('i!Ta bflfO'[l~'

nted

!!!'loU

l!:l~ !ol!'git,.pJ~lllt:dLJje h~a, it 'N1;>1:!ld Jill lr>!i:be'l:l'!

AI'[Q'lOS,t !lin tbe :J:l]e-l:lS (I 2.QO.000) iill B(lrml1 I.cn U.e- eCl'!li[l~'ry by H'le y~~r t 9'4~ and I!.ftL':gJ.igtbie mHnbl'lr of lhtm wbo remained th.et;Q 01'1 OCOC9'1llflit th¢h' j !i!t-cr,es,tfi:inbUlS~I1t::"Ss. iI'Id wlry. .il'tl mo'1;'ilbl<ei prra:pe·rty e~€. had to leave ~o the :~1I:li,tperSPJI, O.ull p",.men.t c f e,ompC1lnsatiof! oJ.t0 ~.he rwisc. Ol1 ,flj7 b.efor>e L96;.t,· FIel!We, ~h~rc is. nlOw no Nll[ '1l!c$tialll ,of a It)!' infil~ratioI'l ~ibtt:'!g!l lil;t:t~:~fl1'Ih;;;

ur

or

,, ,

:So far st:h~]a!L':ship bas 00'1; been, abl~ tp c1~~c(l~,r th~, ¢ly:m.olo~y· of the: W(l'Ird 1.0HANG. Howe Vll!Jt" it ,iSlJndo'l,!, 'ti'j'~edly' ofPefs:i~!!!L origIn, We au;ql!l itc :S~.[I,glli~,e '~liial eu r sctlD~an io: 'the nearr.:;Sl future 1;1,!i[J, ~-IJIre:I~ 'Car:!} .'Ooll! ~he s'Ubjcct, r!!J[lhc!l'i:n res:pe~t olf the 1~:C;il.e{ s I,gllJi.f:iC3,rnil?l; of thi:5i won:1-ROHAr;'G and ,ruts i!U~I'l'Hl.1:e derivation, Bu'~ j,tis. ISO far. a w¢U hown !oral tlia:t th~
APlilb and, 'Pe;rsia II:ra:dc:rs of ~be ,~aii,~~e$t ~ d!3,)'s ilIUribut,edidrlii"l!!!HIi:Il1'~ '1.0 tbe oTd kill,gdo,m,or Wc\S:il!]~1,al least a cc:nltl r)J' pri,oQ'[ to tile Cbauf!r:a's" 'Wb.icll cOllin~ry they lIl$t.dto 'i{,isit and:<i.ft.eF' <lviiiiUti,£: the t'I!e:~e~!iO!lry peJio,Li of J;cst, t.gQk ~,Q'tneiI' ,Q;n;w;;!;[d jo~ r.oey tQ Otnt'nd Hur~ lafld ~n'U'"6Ilt (}'!iDJim3ilY'~niill~. cant'Oi) CIt!C.) thro'llig__liI land :roul~, acress il.hlL'l Ara.:kal.li YO'lllla~~uld UliG: l'Iver hr8:WOld1l',. 'iii) m~oimtL~e: 'their 'tnJ;¥~]ting, d!:!m:UclI]~. As. tmdlit~Qf! 3li!1~1 hilH('l,ry :statIC. IlS[a:m was fiFSiJ: .iEl.tvl(l~ dm::t;OI ~:mto truS':re~~o'n ,ofROHA.NG by 'saints arid r.i1iyMLCS nnd ~llb&t~l!~[IU~ by M..:I~lilil1J ~mdefs.

"'lIl;I:ndred.s of i5aiDts ~Dd thd r foUQw,eu 'ea:mt. ~n d1d:fCR.Ilt 't.urm.es,~oB.: llg'!l.l~OO the region now ,kl!lcw[! ,as At~b:!!llijl frOm, Persia aud ,othc:r Ml:ls..llim lilfnd$. a1o~g the e !.a;·c:ii:lfa:ifuilis kid seafcOIl1ic ;ari'dsp~eii'd Ih~.m'&l;irv~sin tOw ~~ and :t'e!llUlC vi,II!li$es. 1'bC!!{pi'O,mo:tc.cli 'the f~ttlii.. lo~iIi·@~j\ed.
~lfI~$~cism ,aDd d.iv~l'IiC
!.D\I~

amJI c.Qol~ilt:l~~~d t,!)

,( 32

J.3: )

the mentai a'liI1.lmOjlij~C well -being "",f the :p<eop'b~. TJ~ilL e~em.pl::lLJy cltar"ct~l!'", e"n,aodi~la['y -mQral t'on;;e and gr"<I,i r(l~[i11l,g for 'th{; ,8JLlF);~:d[!g comm~' llIity draw ~hCl lTliass of th~ nea-Musiims w"u~reve·r th~y went To t~ Is ""'~~added the gr~,~t Jit~mi and cultiJ[[<l!,f fo,rt;c- or rslam. which the sairns, rnissionflr'LeS and m~OCI~!HMS, heJd before the ~~lcke~ ~rtt;,fid~i11 a~,J.~lsQ' lu Itb~ perseGl'ltei;l "ll[ld degi!'<toi!d :p~o..pks of!hc :s:oc;ety of (he time. Th¢<ac,t.i"ilk:s lof these id~l characters rU.it(,~c~ed tl.Q11-Mt!slinu. the' BucldhLjj,ts as well as the Hino'g:s of ~'!'~lry elass. to .t'h~ f¢ld Qf ~,5:Jt:ll'rJJ'''' . ,The,re ar-e ~;!:'I{elFaJp~!lOB;S in the 'pn;~$r:mi:: A ra.k[j;1lL wh i~h"arC' ~ ~:toeiatcd W itb som~ Olt '~hes~ ~:r~,~,rmed, iSai~1s 3JlJd. mys! LC;~, ne- .of ""'b~lnis, e o F'![ nad~'"B.l."D,i [:i B.. d'!f",j"Alal'Ull. His A ~:ta~<I (n'lS ling .pT<licl')fis liu:lliJlIifo(;j on lli~ ee .. ~t uf the Bny '91: He[1g~~. <11 Akya h. The !pc:!0ple Q~r thefle tr<iditiQrtaUy c:nll :it a~trl(l Dll,r,gaJ], (sll:ciIH~).of 1.11,.Io[':I.f S·fuall o:r Bad r MOqUIU. It ~.:; d"lily yi£i L~d by h'U!id,rtn~ Q[ ]:le(JvJe.i ~lt',!;!i'cclh'e ot ,ca,s{'C<.; c reed. 'a:~ and se x.. Mg,:;;:tL the.!).l W'e re "".:;~!:]: of fi' my.sti:c;:s U~ well ~l.:i 'Alim"j weU yen:cd In Al1Ibic llLJ.ldP.~ mi all ' The: Mti!l;Hm. p0tpidaHQIl of Arakar, ,3_reyet pop'llia[l~ klJiow'['I a:8 R.o-hif1:\!l:Yl!s and jLlIillshllllah' :rem..i'!1~~be k:n(lWJ:I!ll!>Sllcb i'n. :r;!J~n,rew'~o long as ,::I. s:il1~;I:e Rl:I.!itrn.~y3i is \.eill~Ye. tJ::ut.. for GO,j's:s<lkc ]et tihcirfl;cnocidit; :alld !edennill!aHo[!

jj]~h~di:ng lbia,t pC g,'eil!lccml SANDIKHAN' U4]3 A,D.~ witog, 'W<lS,sent (10M Cl!ILi.r by S:!1Ua,n
fJ!iJ!:')'sqilh~~

HO\Jilieve:r, milnP,llr()po~e!l and God disp1l:!le:s. ~Il s~He ,of ]iIi:t~:rntiU~'l v.eJlldaH:sm oll~ca:n ~tiH 'W1tlle:.sS (bierlZmIliiEln~:!ii' of li.llIlldn:ds;@f anc:i:ernt

,Mw<l:nd to t!:lIE:

Nai!iiri,lddi~ Sh~h t(),restor~

ll:i:1l011![!i

of A:rakaD

ildIlg ;S,olllimil!'l ('SiilW i'mi. ]430 A.ID..

[I

""',

wm

be sto[l'Jpe:d ,ere it is too

late,

P,'art ic~T~rl:y, dU.f:ifli!!: ~.he M rauk I!.! per.ioed' (,<I,jlH7&4 A.. ·.l the R~hmgy:1s beJd (1:jninemt n PQ$tS. In the cOll.lllt.r~ls 1!dm.t[!'!.lrSt.mt!~n. By way of :i.t'i.ustr.1lt.roll menfiol!l ma.y O('l mad-e Zlll7:ilj Z;iI~ 1 .Li1!:~M~e:fl])·~U Qua:zi., .A:s;hr>1 r K.b 0111, Say~d •. 1'8t M~hArnmO!Jdj' Mir~. Majlis., So!ai!TI1!brl .• S-aycd :!lIra A~.Clal a:n.dl thou~a!'ld::; ()f OlnElj'swiho() \\!~tc ellid Mini~te!'S'HI..d Se~rotAiries, Arm.}' arid Navy Ge'l]!efaisl,Quazi.s~ COlll'f~ peats, Co,uuiers, ROiyal 1'!JAI.rd;s, [Re'ligl!:OU,S tea:c'lin.eui. CI!IJhull1 11L~d E(hleat ierta I Heads etc. The :5l1,j:ler[o rldeas, 'C1l! h~Hl~~ eti~,U<:~lo ,1'Ind waY:!iO,r ]ife of rhe RQJl.ltlgya8 ~('I aT!. ."lppl'eCiahle e:-;te;llIl reaeted the Mo:lghsin many :way:!:~ Tille Maglu, IJptm tht~ day s.p.ea.k .It{)h,il]gy~ as weIr. tile o.riginaJ ilngua: r:mll:Cf1bf tbc:~ctwo ,comlU~~iH~s .in Afli,l!ltan. Th!!' word Arack;(i!;~C-!iC: ru:.tdh~t:e_d toO r:til,e M<lgh "d~lle~i~ h illlill:r 'O:I"I)OJil'eOus, II:! iSCQ,~'C(; i wed ,:3] nd III islead i11j£•. l(:lokjng at the POIst hilSlO'.ry of A·fakan It c~n ,kg ~Ulflllti!ly be as ~1Ii!:n~cl [:tla'l. if Um inc:!iilerilOUS. 'R~h iliI!Sii'iliS (:{J;I;ii~tl~ ,da.i:m Aft~kal] mI.S ihci r satCted nlc<~h~~~Oi,nd the Ma,ghs too hn!'l no il'ijght: at <l,U Ie! bo Ul~ ~iO:iI.S the ~'oiJ. i,·5 Pl~ IhoflR:.ohiliD'!Y.as of

or

I!Ir;

II, lso

I)o:r:m:fide ~W~ells of Bmm"l.

A-s !ii_troll.

-(

:f4.~.

r
::,ULild . f:~l!:edlii'ms

(-.;3'3

would the Rulin,g J:UD1ta be. goad! and wi&e ,cnougb~ t:6 see ~liIings in. UUl:ii:r true pen~cti.:ve
an:d. r,t i>tlOreaU u~~ ust1rp~d:righu;,
>cutioril ,~i1'~ i\a:ti'¢,gwo¢i(l~

,onhj~ lR.ol:l~I1gya:s aod!P'l'o;mp't~y H~I~ dleiii p~.r.se..

,~t!d ~~er~ji'!i(uion! HOSANG TliI:at o'id Ara,lul.n
'W;a~ kfiO'WD:EI!$

~sa hi5t·Q.rica.~ri3:l:t which is [g~t sl;l~[;!IHbJe of' :\l.I'I)' IL':l"fticrnSlE!. uIrt is' k[!iOW~ fr1(JJJIl. tile AlI',aD geograp'mrs th!t the .Ara])OI'9Jrni Peusran merebanls l!lrneir !ta!'ltw!ltd v@yage'li'i~ited 'till,!:!! po:rt ot Om:ilsbiilll ~a.oorru I'ItiQ'1l of R.Qha~g Of !to(l:I<l,ngoEd AfOlbll a'ga Ab~m,i3i. (:Jh.!.fmQa)". TQ qlilo'lc ,~n
R1!Itffittli]JJ'lil::

1:h'~ .bi~tQry {lif ~rn'lrf~n -OR tb~ ~!tJple: iii [I~t: nt aU a oomp~kated OiIlCO!. bu~ it has beelJl made ~o b:c SQ by some iD~:¢jj~st>edi~t~~~ig,¢~~ill.]!j A:rak:i.Ji~~llIldi BUl'ma~:u:(;)pe~. hllCl th1d of 'Say a .gila ,S!Jw~ J3u of th.e 'fam.ily Qf &e KylicW' 1iu ,o:r A~yab (!IlIr.vgil'l:d~ylroon. Rsm:m),and U ~~ Tha A!.!f'[,;,: (j~.ire.ctor oJ Hi~g~.cr Edl.l.ca;tl.on, Univ(;!'s[ly
of Ra.i'l,BQo 1iI1.. ji.:oove .Ilirui. -fhe Blilim:le!l(; Kmng 80da wpa.ya whQpl.unde~ed.Mr~iUT{:~ ~Mwmu.l'lg) iA 1734 A D· is h~si~~1y r.espCl,nl>ibJe filif lhic (Iestn~ctiolll '~f cve:rytb~ng th01i.~ WilliS jflS~am.ic. He
~!I.

I!'(:Jc.r'~llC('t _m!!]j'Ui~]]

nfj u'llllhe~itati.lligly

be :m3id~ of

LlimFlaHad IOn '['lite"La m~!'Ita~iQ~ of

AmeenA'·.,mc: !i'iQ[lI1l"ges~\ ,da[j,~Hitef off]le m-fa.te~ M@gbu:~ prilJce: Sha.h Sh Uj.1. c(;m;lPoS!edtlift~r hi~ deaU\i) at .Mmllkll. d!Jjr~ng lhe: Ililiddie; 0$ th~ [7tb
cent'llry 1ji", ~yed :5IlahAiofl]. the c~leb'r.]ted

a~so rJespom~i:ble of' getting .~ bblo.:ry ·of A~lli!kHn wt1irlten by U Ka]m. on th,e; 'basi'" oJ' ~wo w n9'1!l,~hel'l~k: .Ma.gk chi!:O~i.d~s wbidb wer-e f1bsohH.e'ty de:".\o~d of (i:\,~f1i'thiDS ~bil'lu~ the 19hin,gy ...s, C'O~Js-eq!Jf:1li1:Iy.;'i!~ l>lli!!-m;!l!~tial $~age of Dill' e:!Ilistenoe we: are de:pto'faIOly hIlnd.i:cappcd i.nrfllUy villc!lkatiq: our pas:! jm!lg'l';:.
.PH:lyway"

RO'hl:lliGYOi. Tn~-poCJl who was ;lI'lSO tile caplain ~ Qf dl.e· Roy;].1 Qur.d of ~ll!e. ~h{l.ml Mtauku Killl.!h 'Ii)ih'fiWilli the poett amply m{:nd0n~d il@OUl file Klfl~dom of~.;.ll1H·,"g .111111.1 llohing),u. Tl'l!e Jl~t '!;irnila:rJ)' ref~rred! to RebrlJ:lit Rnd ,,]l,e ,!=t.ohin!gyas alse in lllis twe other popular Ea.lbJ.1lls: ·s,."lifllli Mu!ruk Di!ldiu;l:~arnaP a[ld '.::iek:<}.ml.~r NJffi'fl' wb~cbi were CtHTI.pp.se(! III 1i&69 a.r:I.tilI ]til] A.O.'Thisi'l]s,o jj.rld~ Sl'lflJ;lOU ill Dli".D.C. StD'''' two 'J!Jan:acl~ on 'Ihe Re1f~.li.v¢mg~ .of Piar! Ba]l,I.I' It·!rt(; wif~ df tlig· said, M.o:gbu], P~i nee and 'l'J1C l",!'l:Iil~i:l,tl1!i·ot.l or ,Sh·lllja.'·s d~ ~,~lllc[' ,

iSUiPPi'e$s:e:d! fG:' Ullnt. :sco~~~ or ]1!l~r.· JiM olil.ly f'a'IJU whh the Ro-hingll'O!:s in ArflAkan. ij~: ,:rn,!I!t "Til!~y are M:ui!!ll~i.1>·· HmJ yet b.p·t u.p tliu:.i.1" h!ld:i~io'r:l1a:lil:dculture <lnd al'v tn8t tlllBlr' are not r~d:y towa,.rshjp 11I'li::IiY image oWer tnlflill tl1a:t of !·~btQj.btlbeh! te'rl!IaJttQ:Dril.E RJ@>t'I j!:!d;gc astQ ~~~<; WhJCttc.r ~.,.5,mlij·io.D ,olR,abilllgy~$', sifi~ Utr. JfiSl ~:W@ ,,;ad 131lJ:a~f decade!h :B:f:s beil.'lg 1:rcIUooby .. the i(fc)Ve:fllm:!il:l!i.tof BlJr'ilQB~ in. l3;OO!i)lrd.a.dce !PiiUli naJura]
C<111Ji~I'Qtbe

~OIlS.

It

w iBeam.!!

~,f1jI~b

to>

jg!l:ti~ o\l:lQg; pr,[~~pJtS; of Un:: c~nC[f D.iSbit!l~o~ ,Illoil. .

on Huma,ri .

RiO~~NGYA, OPPRESSI~ON
S;t~tj~Hea1. Figllr,c~

/
WORLD PRESS 'To, add to Ul~' miseries of 1I:I:Ul:i¥~ j'flJl'.ig.eno!ti ,R.ohillgyas) fhl'l1l1 d:ny to d~Yi' they a:rll!' Wllllto:nly [l.rlicJ! nru'tfl~~~1l[Y p.:ne'ClU,ted Qjl8iD&cdlll'tl:Iy lia!h,1I;

,941-1,!iI7(i,
,o'f se t U~mctlJs .2. £~u.!'!/!i.:-:;PIJ:hiCHI
:nJ<;!~(

l.

~\!~ll~l

692
5;QI1~OOO

o,,~r
O'IH

the wtl[}](l ~~li'gi,c.:~, -d~-

3,

Ma~<II,D;[:t'L'

I~. Ar~m'l

1,.0'0.000 5$1Q(I
1.,SOIll' 5."{I~ {Ronln"

MI'l!lillive in :r:942

~'ho~.~!!Il~l!'e' rt,giQ-li,
JUHf

a.llleg;at.lo'Ds-of vi,ola:t[oll'l, ,of ]a:w~: The :QU[I[f,1<I htlt'lljSliaHol!ll (Emol'ge(l(ll IPil:OcV~S~Qn) Ac~ 1947: D!J!!:'m,(l, Jmm,[grouiol1 l,BMI~lgel'!cy Proyis[ol[l.)
'ame'.i:l,c.tmeo!) Ac~.

.5, RIl~ 6, Mur.dC'1l'

7. Ddl:!!Illi>!l.m.
,g)i':Df~

-rlgM>rutJiy hyll.,'1~!P.
MG:I'~I)" l.l'l Ar,~h1ill.;.

iDllna'm~nB!1f' il'ler~~iS".ed.
,&' pll:!.ll:r,

,MOl.llng:dll;w"
,dtlUil'l,g' ;,

IIutni.-

Ht51 OIJld title lJu~O'1:I Cid;wli~ ~ili,p Act, I.M8:, n,e' repr[!.ssio,ll ,u!d opp~eM:iol1 by arbiilNIfY. W,[OJl'g an,d WeR:a.1 a:Pl?ricalklil of d~el:teg;E$tral:i(],iiI of Fbre,~g'll~.I!!·Ad, to th~ ]i.<lltU f:!ll born I;,oi.il,gy{'l, Cm~mi, Is oee oJ t,ile' hY!ndfe~

Mt!J,hm:9)

,dIlI.lD,S.Ak:i"a;,Q, [~th~·
F l';fa,q(J

~~arnpl(J:!:of poplll,lSi.tJO,~

the ,pllese.l'lt

Uniot!i

Q>C!Ive.I!'Oment'fl,

a, ~) .il1?!lh"Iii.'I':'L;iO'i'I
Mfl~q !!t~,
In!;., a~ti

M~ih!il:!I~hs'
Ib D(!~i::rn~io:m. of &ript~ll'~1;
~ •• C.QIUliIi~BliiUXI

l';rt~e'i:n, M.o:uim~ill. !P'~~ml!:;. Mtlft· d!l~:!IY, .l:ml1l S,I ;;!tJi! ~!..I;'i', S

ll,eni$h uUedQJ' nl,otilve to alJ!!1ib~Uate tile ]!.Jrlsljrn

!Or

Ara,ka:l'1!", I'lm th~s opntcxt dilO eases

Holy-Boob &

:®£ '~Elf!f hir!iis :& 'l'1:'!(I~!;. p,~.op~~~ws 1u, ConIi.~ll~i.uJil nf

, lIiT.li!l,p~tll~~'

G:lo!:re);) W(lr~h
Mytlt!'>,

MltJkms

,~I

n.

Il'[e;.

~m'()v~bl{l il'>l!lo.m 4itlfi(t. &:r,vi~~ i .rn~jlicLi'l!jl'lg IlIatimJII ~is<)d ,01",8:(1;n1 !J~~ tign!~)

12. M~'9o:!iIin;g

l!'),aJ~CI 2'O;ill@@

,G.;.',:t!:.

~'l'pl,fmjj,tiOIii8
~1Il~h'~'-"

'l~£~thee 1:8. Uflern!1~QYMJ

1J ndol;l:ll!l:i!ll.plQ'ylei

<of: Hn~~[!]] ALi V.s,Imm~graUo;t'l .D~'Plt 'and Mdl~r Ali Vs, Im:tUil'1it*tleDO~p'lt_ (C.ri:. Mj!!~. AlRpli· 1 l.:atiom NoO. ISS aild t5,t;of' !95~)may~pec[fiCOl~ly be re1ened to' ill whIch tbei:r Lo,rdsb:ips of the Sla!p:r(!;me: CQurt o·f' Ral1~.OGill, rem8r!G.cd; "Tans :mtw,f<liCe or a,ppear~f!-Cl:o.f a peilsoll ClJl' wl1~th(ir 1't;(1: olS it knQ"WL~d.El-!:. of illllY hung1!a,ge of tl'ar;; Union b J$ E,O~ the testas to Whefher he is a ..::.itil~Jl of rhe Lhli,QJ]J". 4~ ,suc'l1!. It is, net COmpnlbii;c!]sl,bT!!:l' as to wj'ly the 'U.n i'on rG:own\lm~l'!lt. ~Q!I;l rarry to the ,exp]Ieit Ru~~ ,of Law. is ,(km.(l'IJI~tl'::iJ~i'rJg 5~c:1J a .b*!di~~odor ~]t~$S e :tplll<'> ion or Vht· RaM,t"lg'y:a s fr~1IiIi the, eeuntry, ,c:gllw~l13:ti[lig ! tl:iJ(!:i I,'ttrn,gic n piL.lllb~!> [0 ill 1i~1:I, J~J!lds Iike BflE;Jiltlad'esilil" Iud j,rl. P~ki!j;tillil O)!:t!.d Saud] .1\ "ab[~ ita p:1:I',ti~IlI:lli r"

(
111,(l Uftli.OB.

"38

I [!] ~~tg,xt to~he' ii\tlf.ocitie!l ~ n1m;iUed Il!~

GO'\l',~f1lim~~~ and .s~]ln:'clam:ienilllc'l)l'

(3'

GOIII,P!B:fllme~t:'mal1!@e~ veiled. 'Or,g~1IlS1!tio~s. • '~ i Vif.mWIe~O dmw Wodd <I1k:ntionw, a stri~ k.in:~: flews H:e:ms BE1Jd e:d~t(l:!"ilIl) cornm!€ll1ls in some ~f tbc: ,CO~l! rifLe!> menliQ$led a~~l!'~ whJ;(;h am as

~ew

a t'~iP(ilnel'.Ule 09ve:rilillJ)![ ::laid t~1l!~ ~,ll~, refll,g,ee pl!ll)~leLTI at the p~k_-Iur~t:uJ. h'OlI'der.~ :1J!I:u!~:r :i:UI\!',eS't~aUo:l!li ef the OOVCMJIl'Ul,:mt:.Mted ..,bo'lIDt the nU:Iilikr of tdl:lg)~(j:~, in Co'X,·s S8il;Cl:I!':" :z.Jkir M~. 1I1i!~in [f.~li'ca[ed th1l:t it~5 Qve~ lQ.OOO •••....• ,

The

{Jo·ve!!,'lilor d~~I,Qsed

, Col.lows

;-

A fepo~1I: pub!ished i1iB: tile F'AK~Sf'AN OIBSlERVER(D{l~i1), d:ll[£cl March 29, 1:£l56. undee title ttapUpu~ uPAKISlA:NI fO,~lEiGN POL.ICY RElATING TO ,BIJR.M.JIr,;"', says: UAt enetime ~he]"lC wefe as maJ:liY :Els30<,O()O Arak;;'IIlese tcfug~s in
lh:e EiiI~t Be[l~~ ....••.. ~. W~ have ellery 'O(HlIfidellce with ~:!l ~~t ~h~ ti'iIDfma GI;I·\iietiUiLtltl'iif.would db theiry trnos{ N;)I C:f~:I!:ma. sense 'of cOil'lfid ence Ilind
i'>f:CWl.f~{Y

O~llIlm:i~siQ~lerolf Cb iM<JJgO'.llg ·TiIlWl;s.Mr.,. ']qIl}it~ :K;:uirm was d¢p1li'~~d~oi!'lvesU~il:tc intQ the

qijj"~slioll of we inl:1:lli;ll,'o:( J1eri1l~ee:s od a

om

rha:~ t'bie:De:putJl'
lOf¢p~rt

to, hi m.

iii! th~ minds or nQW living; in Al'nkai:m' ".

lh~

ArabIliMuslims

A It'~IJ'O.L puMis.hed: on A1il;g;lJ.st :4.7, 19:5'$l~~n 111~ PAI(]S·TAN nMES ([)ar;:ca)~~I;H,jer the Ot'lipl[OIil, ,·,~tJRMA R~A[FY TO TAK.E" ,BACK REIFDJGEES~ N',!E(~OTIAT,IONS.GOlNG 'ON:. ZAK~P.·S STArE~ M!.IE Ntu'; S;JY!l itYhe IDlnrm ese GOllC';!f!JJl'bl,ell ~ is 1lg:rcea.ble totake b9l.€kilieirnMio'l1afsl.!.'llk:1'I had e !H.e'I7~d ht:tslan ,l;I;s f.l:lrU:@e~:s:.
i,

'filli:!> t'I'~:S di~'losed by the GO'\!errliIJF. Mr. Ui,i~~,in atP.l'itc:nga: airpo,t '~,I~is or.D,LDIJ; m jl.l!i1t ,arte r ~lis re~ It! rill from Cox"s !ElllI:zar. 1'4ilr;; Za,ld.
Gov!:'rMf add,ed! ih~t neg.o,t[Ol.tio!l],:l; be~wcefo! flil,e EO'!f.er[lll1,ent.of BI1f'ma. an,dPaki sta I'!!wtr·e goirrg on in dais behall; Rieplrimg to a qUlllslio]!L fmm

GovetQ:orl Rashid.Vicc·CoIl:s,,,ll [Oil" P'a,ki~t~m, at Akyab who. also r,e;turnc"l: t'Q· Cbi~lt:ago!nill~o tbe sil,m:e~ltliDe Wi,lh the Gov~r.n,o[. .:'!<lh:i,batlhe i O'lil m~r of Ufll,g,!.)e:li .W<l'~ 1:WOO"i, II lU lIlilfortulnate[Y,j. 'tile BUl!lil C'J'e. G OcVeU meut b:@j~. nO'~evi';:~ rt'ly 1~7ii ttrke;l!Ib"'~k :~l'ly :sueib ~fu.gees. :(Ilthe[:m.a~"el'!dence Day sll:ppJen~=Il~~l' Issue or the H ORN1 NG 'N:EVIIS. A~~lst M,. d~sc!Jssin.g the 8uhjec'!: ef reb.abmll2iIt:iDlliJ&~ n:r~~e~S' at dae Will'k~ olindl:pe~{ffieillDC m .Pl:!;kisti~ 1l ~!l< &ai~, '·.~fl ]90;& the Pc:'ovinc],.L (JOijj'C'wme:nt ho~Mj II: 'OeII SJi,1i:'!, wbi!l,hll'l:l'in!'aJl!.'d.lb~r ll1;6fe ,11~'~,~,'8J.66Z (;efug'OO f'JInlni£:!l· in ~S:l Palo;! !>~a!'ll, 'f~is figure; rncillde,a Ul~'O fa;l:nii.iJeS w:lld l;:IltC!i'f;'(i, .l'lllO, Ea5,t P.['lki&ta.1l r:roO)lBu:rrrw."'·
((bill:

1\,\1;f.· K~i5e;r

I,fj,'.

AI,ettill:[

of

Mr.

'SlY$InS'u:dd!1l lInncd [.l1hl1:F A

lis.h.cd io the BAI'J'GlAO:ESH OB5!~:i!.YIERoil ~'Ug<lJ.llt 6,19'74, lllilder the ,~apt:iOEli NOf'l·NAT'~ONAi.:S'. Jil!!Ys ".BOcVi"ncr. in ilils lI;;onLex~, nt wn,n ¥lo,t he ~~t ~f !place to MlY t'hat Ihliril !;,:]adesb 15 a.lscQ be~[J!g

( 40 )
,dtlilDde~t.il!)>ely :!lUbjL"iO'ti~d to s]mi~>arp~5U[f"C: on HSlllIT"eady o'i{02~r"5tl'eclled !'i,l'Itiooai cco~oll'!ly! ~llImugh f,tlte[miUe[[l~ infiliu:lt of Bllfmese f1l!!!tio(J:!Il]:s aIe:m!,t;'l 1h{lA.r8,kan JOrde!!". We dOJlot p'.r,~.teild to
tho ~is-i:\tld

( 4~ J
:lhITIili,~s of D!J!i1iJITll~:'le JWfll[o'Jl!a!'swere plID!!ibl'C!cI toto' B"'I1g1J![jf'!;:~1iL il!l Oli,·d'il"Ji~fo.ra!b.le conrjHiM" Some: of 1il~ f<'lm:lllics are JliiJ C'J1mpsJj ~epof'~s, ENA. [t is :re~rably Deam:l that' be (;j'lllV,t':1lrQl1iiC'ot of B<!:l1sl<l!de:sh m,as dE:Olwf!! tilieaUel!l:l[oil ~f U'telluf"" mese UQl;'c'u!Lment 01[1 ~-he m,Mter"'.• A l't!ll0rt publis;hM j~ the IBA'HG1AIlESH
I':cefldy

kMw

the

;!tctlJ,!l:l ~u~ber-

~he cat! ses o[ Ha,er e Jl:io.dU:\i UlJ!a~ 'IiO!1,e :liS ,Yet cared

Wli3:,teve,. Il1rgblfu.~

it ,a,p'pe:liL'5 to ~

(i e;rtil.t'n

problem

w~licil

tl:l tikI! notice of this dlree<Uli' c.oooern ourlli!li't~Otl'laJ

'I)x:ononli'~" .

A repo.tlt 'pubJi.shied 0(1. Ma;:td H" l ~75. in I.be 8ANIGtA,[)ESH OBSIE::RV~R,u~de.r fh.e capt[()1~1 "GOVERNM~N:r lEYfl T AL:KS ON R;HUG,EES tJ I'i:.E:L"i" ,s;ay:s. '~'['wo gatn pS.! 0[1 C dR al!cl,R~l i fll1~ etheit at Tekli!<!.f W(;re op~nodl f.o,r ~he (erugil'i~S
BlJrIliUl;. T.he [!,lImbc',[' of ,[I~f~g_e,e~could not be aseefL$,[ned. A num,blt'r ()'fref~(ge(!;~ are from

TiMES (D.acc.) in ;h~ ~!mt1c ~r.M;arCb .23.197\;) UlDde.r t-hC' C~_.pt~OD."~, :St!lI,RM ESE .1'1USL ~Nrs"~ Hi!i< de.sc:ri'ootl. '·Bllrmc~~ IlIs~'i M m,sb,u: .... b(l:tllfic~m ~rI_;g e !l!Sl refu,ge~ I~'() 11~h'l,p,,~laJd!~s;!t :aiboiL!lt vo J]lJoiltil&fQ!i h H is Ji~~!:lIded t!J.ata'b~Ili~; lWQ,bJUnd:red ,:HII,Cb .refug~es are C'Dm.iaJ;l:l1er~ d.~i]y from DU;mla. ~Ol'-

dl»u;g to ~,e~j,al~lesources ~r!Il(l BliIl:m.ese m.is~:eacl!lu billi'!\! forolb.l:y driV'CIl them to ]iI~,ggI$rlc!lb aflie:r
load 1:1£ th~lt!:ool()iIIl!1:irn:gs, It is aJsQ' a[~~~!:id that·tJre D!I1;BIeJeildmlmstucti()]j .~ ;si,l~t IrllOI[dklglhis thOllgll it is a :n;n::uter' of -,gl'eat eeneere for 8aDgllladc!;1:iI as ~giI<ldesh h!;r~rf is yet t'Q be ,rehabjl~t.a~ed::limL 'dilt wa.r"toffl c!Quntrll tS jI,llt cap:ahic Mreh:abili~ating,. the rdil~L:;e-s.
J

sta!l'i~g at B8.~t3;zidl BCI,~~t!lmi" Chiu·ag9!l.S 3nd atl'ie rs i1c3.C"h.e:d; essere. J Tl\.i.~:8.]).0. CoX::il BI1 Zili:r to fd thts eerrespendent {lil] S:a.tl1fttitY :'~U l)eJu.gooswili b,:: brought 1m thi.s relLef JC!iIIltlp wl:\e,[~ c:9if~ _is beii1gutken. M¢di.c.'d ,c-.acreiii .at'!,:!· be~:i!l:g provid,L:=d',,[t, is iJe~mt from klllliwr~dgeabl~ seuree that GOJlcmmell'~ level cor.felJenre w,as-be~:~g <;1rranaged ill Ol~3rega,rd bu~ the $.(),0, d!eclincdto ,~ive tht! I!-'m,et d:lt@ and verillil1:o'ftheconfe renee" •
A repOlCt also I?l!ihlishe:d Of:! ,~ht'J· :lfll~ day it! S tbeOl:!ilyMORNllN,G' NEWS ~p,;!toe;a)~b!!ildet ~!ie cephol'!. ';GOVrERNM~I",rr':S: AT'II',~NTnON DRAWN i i:XcH)Us FROM RURIN'I\", ~ay:<,l !'Few

'(hr.!> kc-ertain:ly

\iii

Dew h1!IDIU!l'llliiilarianp,ro.\Jlem

fo:r tbe U.N. to gol,,~ the grea;1 iProibl~m..TtI_i$' M-::liy Msily boe; ~Q[\fed if ti:llfl Burm.escAdmi,ni~tra~ 60.11, klliii,dlIy [oQkinto t~olTl;!litleli tlilm:ciI. !Ilb~(;t'the Ialis~rM!ltSi by Plliljt:i\l~ !'iLct,IO!J ",

J\n !tl:llrU.::r.f.l:lP0d. pll:blisl:!edi

M Mamb ,14

~1lI! the ~jd~~ffiy

W975 ulJd~r tfui.ecapt:1olll, UBUR.HESIr; NATION:AU PUSHED INTO 8ANGlA~ DiE;SH" t i~is w.rilu~, "'A. ~];W th.OtUSi:I:!]ij, f::il,ml!li,@~

( 42 )
Bf ltu[OO;eS>!! naliQrc1i:ils we'm, I'CCC"llUy plIs:fued t¢' lIangliidesD [0 deplo:rablecolu!!il,joll]1, Some of tlre f"mil[l'ts are illl. 'fhe 'C300p,s, I:t is relia bly lelll'rlH tb~ the Gover,Bmeut otrB;BiD!!:~a1d;esffit l1<l1voe::rawn d the ~1te.n!n.OI: of ~~tMe.S~ Gove:r~~~u en tih~ II

( 43 )
The r~fujg~es ......... .a;nl:eg~d tbat tlu: GQ:VGm~ , :ment :$~~7£!d, the~r ]a!)d. ¥;Si I'ywn~~ si2e from .5 to' iii].
JiOil!croelSt pa~dt;hcIlll
(lQ

ClQmpeillt~itiOJ!laad iilll&O

mattE,j:"", Mr.N;i'pI!IJ ~Ja!ij!;liIa o~,[r,e~pbDda:n~ ,©t~he

,c«:iiJdrell. eX{pOlsed to 'the ·,~o1d ~L'ln seriously Et 'Wit$- UlCP 'thai J Qirot!ot-e-Isl3!n'I i. src]l'pedi!l1

pushed the.m fOnt of tb.G pOUDtl:)' ••• , ...... n.ey li,ved i.1iI tb.e' o:p~n. fon' ~WQ d:il!Y'~' ,s;o.me: 'o.f tEte'
sid:.:. :B'.lll'd

HINDUSTANI TtM.!l.Si;~UIl' i'iS'M,~ dawd M!IIrCh 24~ 1~'75j:o d~~'tib~l'lg the Robim'S¥3s Irn disrt[e~i'l' wrct~: ··Ove:r ;ZSlJ Bl1rmt'se. NMio:n~i,s". 8:nelle\~J;y di~po:scd (lif th~trl;Otlld ,:!IDd ev~t;,1,¢d 0111,1 of: th~w t v,iJ!<I.~s~D.Arabu~ have. a.',rh ..~d i~Delhli;~ 1Iftci!i" c[,o~i~~ .. 'Q¥~ from lIa\l]glade~b IliJrJd losLo, RS.IOI~/tlll::!lrrenGY c~anglD,g tou:ts., ~ooll(.iog rQr a: b:ome. QCCtJ'patj:@~:ilild a .country (hey' caa 00] tl:ieir (l'WfI. ne5~!i.'<l[l1!lY alli,(Ihu~.&f1!fl11i!!!rnt wOme.n aiJlld UJ :s;rjwy",f;ll~d :.:J;'iIlbe,d ¢hi~dtm:" ...,J;aaed tip at t.ho AmdP:arkQy~rlooki.llg ]lama Masjid", w<;\lidtlg fii>roffldal] hdp wbich ls a.!.rewdy W dayslaoo illl c:'omillll!. The nl.'8i ;rolUp ofIP6fu;ge,"sall'ri,V'otd CD ~';:,]jrel::l. lJ wiUn their p c;lU 1fnd p.m s ,_ ..... look .dlilg,~, :th~.n~p .of UIe mosque. On. TIl.~ uil>f'IiI,Qees 8ipe.akRQH[NGVA ~ard to bea llillllll"rmesediaJec'l ,Ulle!oelme from dHrc.r~t villages ~,11fuo MlI.lI;ngdaw distdr:ir oj'the .Atak;;m ,Pir,OVill,CG ~b0~l 200. ,mj!eosaw~y f(o'm Cb~ !tago:lllg ill B,aol!'l:la ~ de~ih. M:~'St Qftblilritl have tlwiI' NatiomaUty Cards and Wand dC!G'id~a:llliied w al 'h be:gflis tamp s . eurreet
whCl'11 diL~

appd'!]~a

tO~Ii::'

11~s1d~[I~s the a~ of

'tohel,'!~

A i;'I~wos pl!lbJi~bed 0[1 Marel1. 24~ ]'sr75 :ir.! dIe IIN'I)~ANI EXf'!U~'S'S undigr tll£) .~~Ilio~, h,DESTI'i-orU fR,OM lE!IU!l(HA" $ay~, "157, \WlRll':I!I. men and cihiJd.reJl who 1'l:<!lYle CQITI,(;l: the way fl'CJonIi all thGAmka:D"l Hill of Hurr:lita.. arcc1Ca~plld iin Azad P:ark"ilt-cl.3:dt ]]He~ p~r.l'iiless andl.!ltt~(~ d(lltao,.mlized ... ,......, thill, p~~p~1e .• ~[ M~.$1:bl)Js, say that ~ t~e:y ~a.~lllbeen depI['1,"{ld (J;f their boMillgSliby t~e lu~'m!~~e: ~i'1l~;!ill!~, which h ad senl!. them ·pa.ekitn.g ftQiOO! th~m. They. were t<lJ!:~11 to tb'l!iSl'ilngladesh bdm>C:f by tbe lllil,rmcs~,Poli~ee.ncil sie:n;t IIcD'f~5.. They .finamy eame f:lI'{II:r tgCU!CliU9 .. fl'mn. where [!;h:~y Cl!liIm~ by train, ...... JiIIlo:sL ohh~[i!i W.it~l()'UJllicbt~~·. An ;(1.iL"Hcle;by S., ln the lCluma,U.
1976
WOtJ,Qi ffaSOlQ '101.

Mutah<!~ •. ]nlb1fshed 3, t"kl.ll. &:p[~Jiflb~·r.

of 'IitAB E.TAT AL·A, LAM AL.il:SiLAM I ~M u.s]1m

Bri,tisWt

UOV~i!'l;]ed

8u

r1I!3~

~~a~ce,. Mecca) Il~de~ tl1e C3P~~Qfi u~l!i[ma~BM~Hm M~l1iiori:ty1~ "S1I.)I's, ....{elW·rts l abt~.~'~hc:l'plij,glol'l: ~f M.i!ls:lilfJJs :ID BlIrJlHI OOfilil'lt!e l'O< re8cb tailie, 'R~'be. l1,cadquilr'er~ from ~~M

{ country

44

,/
Th,oIIlSilO.ds of ~BIlj;rnc~eMlis~irnlS: 3.[11: iOm~j... eUSto C!)lg~. fo:rUmra.1ll and Haj'.l'hcy 'tao 3.ifoN] th~j:r)'!l!:r,lliey tQ :and! from M~. al Mllkurn~:at\ <lindmil.h'!'W[m tbe~dve!i. l~hlri!lg~ tthd~ slarY in HeJ1'Iz. The t~~1 fa:dHti.e! wbJcbare aya.i~b~ tod·!lY did DQ,t 'rilxis,t ~n ~b·e:p~v.ig.tls: reIilJlw:iieR. a:~d ye~ MU'I:rlms rtOIQlrali oaroers 1M W(lr.~ used ~op~rfo'r~ this d:tv:hl ery~;im5ititUJtcd ,ob:~;ga~ t ic..d, the firth piHar of l:s:lamrt 1PI'Itihll,n~l~ Ql' let !'i.jndraID~~N~w ;ClOm:mUlllotat and oo~vcyaIl.ce ron :is··no·pl'ob.I~ln,; ,and d:u~ Blilr.Jnc" :(lulthoriil~ m~ 0.0 h.e;.rm~t$., ej~h~r.R,<lli!JgeQn.t .Ma:ruf~ay land M,oldmein. ilfllot A!lc:yab aDd o~h.1,t1.' rewore tOi'Nitlsl;![p;s.. ~l'e' c.onneetecll each o1bl~rr. a,nd! ~~hb im.[lIorta~t, statfO.lliii jnl. South~E"l$t A8ka. W

as \\'cU as Pakistan and ]]i8!.i!gl;El~iesh. In!>tanoes@f ]Htim I da:ti:o Ii'! , pe ["seCiIliJion, viQlenre aDd eVl;U Ilrlll!roi:;fS are aet U~!!sl;a.a"lin th~ Afa:kalll ~~O!Ji wh~re a I:IubliUirUij3[ :1,') odiod or the p;(:I'P!l!~
U;

~ai:l;lon.is M.!JsHtu, ....•••

se.e:mstlla:t.

[Ils~cad of

ml~h]t;i!il!'l.i~Jl );aw aad order'i' t:b~ po[i"~ .and! civil: <1idmiDws!trij:"I:~of.lihave a s:pc:C'ial .mi,e: topla:y.;, ~.t.of · prot.oclilHg and Cil1lool!J,:r~gipg till., :Ii!li!!eFe<l~ts and B u:d,tlfli!a - comml1 naHsu whose' MtElvfll!lHm .cam.ifla;g~ hUlludes pl'a:'~~lfd aei1d b.latdnt. a·ttempts ~() d~pr"v~ th(l; victtims of th~ir pr;(",;u~uy and; fllJ·.;;[liIess.

of

.1\ Few mOluhs ,:;Jgo., the MWL Secret,l'rilll G.eli!erai! reaei"ed~he inrerm.!li,tiortll 1ha't ·The Soci.1]:~~t R c;,P''uH'ic: of 13Ul1ll!8 d oesllD,o't '8i~low Mi:I~I.!m~ ~Q p-cffo:r. f[.Fljj ela.imioJg tba{cth~s,would ~litr.e od.or rc,ligiou!;, gfQiUps. (Cbristhllls, ":i.m~ ·([us, etc.) 1.0 dem::'lnJdpemLiniQJ] for p]lgfimag.e to lheir .:o:ooly pl~ee.s., w!it:icit WOI}Id. cost BilJ:ffl]il 1(l~ of hard c~rrea:u;y· ,. TtI,e p,o,siHon at U'IIU time m~~i:n l'Hlv,e 'bee:or ~am.bTgllOgS 3LHld. ;cDr.lfu:sll1l[g ('Or OfiereUOI1 Ot 3.:1iI'I'){her. bu[ t~ 'lIia:me ])r,el~)(t l(;8,gnClI a]w!ljI:!i~' .baildy I!~ul ~ac.d.e ~~ of. lbe Govemm~nt <Dr Oc III C;ratl .Me. Willi wwH. mere.fQre"
lo

w~n~

a:ir 5e:ndc~.

And

a spe'CLa.l. p.[cl'vi;sJo!'l

:in. lite:

!!IaHona[ bu,d:B~t 'af Bl.lflifiij: f~·.r Baii~.pefl:Sl;:>S ~'[!:i!lpif ~~'~rm,ed -an impe~sib~]ity; MVl5:!:im 8ta~es win im.meld1:a~.eJ.y .f:ec'~;PQ:ncl t@a~)' reqll>e-s't to hlllip SQI\ol!l; the: issue of, fo.r'eiigll: e;t;c:ba:ugfili II1:()jui red (Pif these .D¢8:~ooted S'lli1~;f~r:s, Tbus: ,~t is sJr.w.p!yOl. mtl:aJtit~ of r-eapPJ.1l~~t b~sed On understalld~iI'!g, B({)odwm !ll!ld jll!l:!ltice.':'. CEMiUN T:IlANSL.lTED PUnLJ)CA'1ON~ FlOUIGN

'liIICwieH .!ld...j:$tdi (0 cllllir~r}!'i ts pOlicy ·

~n: r~ga:rd to

iSeli'limL hundred· tbO:U'S30d ihj~e:~~ Muslns!i.· ~P~~!I:mY w]l:em H: has repcal~cd the Olwiendmt:mt 0[19'61. in Ulll:)!COIliSl~~ilJ.tlgn(~bfcb ~~dI dt::c!9.r~ iJuddbism ..as the; St~~ ReUs:i.oIDl} aJodwcQ;gnif1€lid. fhe ri~bt of ill: !o1iery Ic'iti:zen ·freel!), tOpirafes~ Q;iiid p~ac!l.!Se bis lfel~gfo~'.

~~i~~~~~=:,tu~~~':'~
LOOTING, l\JIUNAPPING ANn .RAPt IN .B1JR~

T!:r~ Dllily 'PA$BAN (Urdu), D~i)i:!l!,.:!!!J,t Paki5t<li~ J D!'ftil:d. MtI¥' n &M" 1-"958

-l

46-)-.

Og p.~!l:3'i! ofN, !(t.C. :Vcrincati)Oo r,Jroce~S1~~ ~.h'C:

:iJ:m:w~graJiO'aAllJth,o.ritie'.s use to mQ'~e.st a~d h!!l,mm.uc MusJi.m 'No'~m':1l for wbicll.reason

IliliUldr¢d1 !or.~M'llslf.ws h,lI;d t!:l
1~I!::e, [l1c C{lUI[~·ry.

dowomalliY thch: 'V:ill~;g~$! kic!l"Oi!Pipcdl ami!!, f~ped their ~Dmen. M\~sl~$f)ls~1Ii1g~u!! t~f. lied" I'1il:di t:be 'Wtllltw'v an d~(}~lk S.'liU:']Ull.m Ea1it P,iillki,stUl :IHlml!l1ir:jnigab'ou't 3.3".000. .4 )ki!:h!1l4l: ~ffllill!lce M_lib F'o.p;lIbtkm,

or

The

immiwa:JIi.o[l

per!joRl:ll~~

imp'o~,d

s~cb:
~ha~ DO

f,a:I"tUOi!!l:!liq)ll~t~om,i! :reg::1rdi'mg nati:ol!llliHy

men

~D~en~et ~o!r1[d ~J'lI~we[ ~he qu~:ni'ons propl'!:.rly. TlEtlu tiey are tr.YM~to
p:Fove grants MiUdlm!8 from
8S

ofCfd'illl~ry

fa:r,ci&neri'

'Ol)l~ter fiji up,

the 'V3ccumlw,!fb

aJml o.fn1ilhe:'illi: fhe Magh ~mPli-

ED:!>t Pa:ld:sli<l'n.

RoI.,OO{Ilm!lwmB:mMRlrnd! I lD·tb :re31i' 1941.2. l~ t:be W~~ tier cf A;rlglQ"Ja~a:ijC:!le. W~ .of

19421 Uu: AII,it"dPo.ro~s ret I'eated :iirom Iirnkail le<l.vi[lg Ia 'l!1IW~ ~f.!l1IS,(wi.tU the 8,uij:dliir.t M:JJghs}.

air tilt; l~mel11~lli~ (id' M.2IIg'mii:'Jiiii theM~h~. a~s. cO'~vellC!d !I ~S(l'tne'rn~ilt oom.Jijiu;ee. . Thel" oea:~c te ,a_. dir.ols'i90tQ S!:it;Ue down abOilit 70,[1(10 l'!'\'Iag!ii:s: rllr)n~ Eastfrl"tlklil:~an iliDd C!ltM[ p,u~ QfA'!'3ka~ In m3:t.c:II1'ia]i[slllg Ulisi scheme (.heGn!'lm~tl!t cofi:s:cattld :l!l'aMe lalldls of 'th,('; M~slim~, of tme ~f~El:s whe:re t1'"~Y forme.d, 98 PC'rcellil lof the popL!llatiall. At'roc itjei8 Conducted
Oi1l,l[lfll:u~:fY

Th.e l!:lll"nn~se 9Qvem~n.t .. f01r _lhc. ~O~

T:-a.ki:Q~ :!dv&oU.ge oil' :ttle SJitMt~t1on fbe 'Mag:bs Iliarliodm'2ssJICll'e atlhc MUidim, pOPlli~8,ti(J.]JI, til whJc:ll ~4,OOfJ (If ioa.~i:lt MI!:!!Um!l w~J;.e da~.gh~
t~'[led~ bu r!lit dawn WS[!y ymllge~. m~SQ!q,Ha an d f;e~ igio'llts seri P tures and j Ilstit utj,O'n~l. Beside.<;,

Wlil. Ul5ii

5(M)t)O ~~ the fI1)

J

whoescapcd

~e rsecution weM

kepta:t R;Uil,gvur Refllg,ee Camps by the Br.~~isb Go,ve~~m.eDr. 6ut, iII ;!lp~t~ of lheirnllcIlt!;'!d

:2g. 19,55 the Ih:rfinte.s~ Army 'shp,t .i:IlIl!O:cerrl liIajl N.~!.' A.bw~d DrLQw~r but Bil~Auk·~anrid -i:Q RslLhed:i!IJ!D,(l township. A~}oUler ~all Il£llme!y M);'. N.aju Mea.hiJf till.!!!, ·sam:e loIillla.f;lcwas bayonet(:d to d:eatb. '(.I~e Arm.¥8bD mallhandileJi:J! seme viUag~ !1iIiIid e~t~mrl h!l8it: de1lJdone
~ml)~D.ts:.

appeillJ:g to' be re!J;B,bllit1'!~d i~;Ihelr QriE:j!Ia~ lands t have !lot: b~el!ll t:a;kti~ back. ~S yet.
1iI3,OOo Muslim!! 'IIw.rn(ldi .Into Bas!ft FII',ki8l;a:1BJ i~ 19J4B I~ flu: ~!LtJe:r pnt of 11148:" wbc::!'11Mu.p:l1idl MO'l!'Il:Dlelflt ag£!:inst the BurDC~: Go,\-\erl:u:l:lau,
was

e](~el1sive]y

Po~.lf,med

gD:~ng~R~ the Burmese Jilrlidal'tested many Muslim,s,

Armeci!
blll.:f.l:!,t

R:.gp.e and! JlUI'Iler no~.:(fi!llllll~! 'PL;l'ltl[~~ry l. 195~~ the Bll)r:mes~ Army ki.d~a~ped twO da'l.l;ght~rs. two s,iS'IJel'~~odtwo ~istero'j= in"liOJw or Mr. Sayed o'G p~]i·Mta 1i!.v i:!!~S~ ~[Jjkdibyil~ $lub-lOeW1].snip}luui ~p.ed ~'fiI,cm.
'('!-,1iI

4S

) y Hi'l!~s on b:~illU! T~e .Buffflefe AI:"(llY tilj~~t ~@WAl ihel;'~IWg.es of ,[W!! 8n:1d ~aws:!IIt~ {b!ml;g,);11 SO'l:lI~(1r~ NbllJ.ng:dOl.WDnd. bWIJI~Hy kiUedi one Mr, Ciani Ahmed ij]fl'~!JJllig~. .
Ane5IDd lI!1'!:i'.ilI.i:IUl!i sron'Q<d to' !iT~.~~~

wife orMr~Abd~l Rabm:all witll, b~s dSiu:ghter:iin·Jawtioo~udin,g three other :you,!],ggir%s: ,Qf his
~ti()!ll wc,r,e:~:!:s:o- ~,idi:liapped aod. ral?'c;:d. Uact!~mab~c OUm,Ibe.rli of' W'Il~e;I1, ifjom: d~lfe:r,elit v.i.I~.!JCI W~1"l'l a~~,Oo tou;~b.ly c<lr"'it:~: Q:ff<li:nd d:iS!" h.onoumd. TlIey a:tt!{) i:nilhuW;l:!Diry liiiUed 4M!:Is!irn dign,il.uiGs, frl0m tbe same viUa,I'N'

"fliRc YOI):O! W()imeri.-~r.lc wffc of M:r. Faz:II!I,r Rafimilih ,amJ;d bis two, sl:>'ic:'f,'l:; 'l:ht'l wire or Mr. Kalla M~h {MEl!IIb~r} with hi:5; (w,osrst~:r.s; 'the

Q:n{:

nrsl~t, whHe

som

E'lilfmYp.l"r!.ionn~i

1m r:(IU:~ of AI. rm,l' patrol !til l!IItl'es alll:r.lO'Jicial t,ounl tffile AfJiiYifrld CL'ii''l1 per5CMl.oe:l. burnt dlQwa t>Q SiSillles,3; roO!lq~:e:~ Ol!~d huedeed s 0 fr~]~giQIi;l5 Sl:lripill!lMl!, lli!ilcJlid:upg HQty Qumill and Uadiths. lK¥e:o o-n F.':ebfMi'li'Y, 1 '55tae B;"U"litl~e Arm:y d~SI!!cm~ am:osq!Jc in Kyatlngd,ilI,ulJg 'l!'nIA~e (Hftji b.ll!Ia~[Mosqll.1<e) which "'.I;U'!Jm:"'~e:ly as t(lf.Dled w ~nta army ~mp.

rape·ern 11 MU;t>!iI'l'ii btlj) . h~ l\Ifa lIngcla:w to WIlSti]J;I, ~h e vilhige'fs rO'lil n deod 1!lp '! hec:ujl'lfi IS bUI'I&ey wCl:e hderpbysk:1!ily liOftur,e,c:I by <I~DU~CIl'

wO [IlHlfl"oflSu'l hIllltK3;mar'za
of the AlJ.my

were

OIUen~'Ptir:lg tl)

dOml'llat

~tiolli

WI;i,i)' came Ihe;

C<imp to :rti$C{Lio;: HICIill.

<'In~stcd 50 oj.L1I en. of m

frQn,1 rhe sarae They ,abo 5;tlbseqw;:nUy

d'l:"agged ~o Ihe ~tOl rvation.

COIfllp

und

!.IrI.Jag.c'. They were JliLd t'tl decilll! br

Lawl~:sarn::s~s Md. ea:r.rjli.!Jig off wQl:rJieo (:all!;: bilvc b~en J'liDS on, CQrJillIlU.ousJy,. pilift~(llll~
larlYt iO.lh!li vjUA.g,e~of Shl!!j'!.~iI£yl.n~ An ~ !).II1m-ilil:lftlle mon.llili:le Army arrested 4 men 1.11101 lOwom.cl!IIITom .sh~]kaH vi~~l:'\:ge.ofRl!Jh:ed~llH'I$ tl)'wnslwW(p. AgZlil'l {rom ttJ~ vn~ge o,f B'..,.rabin 1.lJjIlel!'l werl~ arr!C:l'lted: and @ne Mi~s GIlII.II::ii~IIU: (:forn thll' silmc viHnge~ W.lU ra~e>d__!Lcli!art:~"

A U'(:il'Own Wl'C;stlt~~:;IMe[y'

Thi"l[!a@t

aWl,~

1{Uiditcba,~o.g I[K.op:ankan:lic).

-----.

I'll Ifkp}i'i!1'

Ma~!1Md.:"v [()Iwfl:lhip 'Vi':L:!l !>h~,t~ad b~ 1he Ar'Jtl}'. on, his: refuiilll ,ta pmdl~c.e bi:il Sl!lte.r Mj~~ F~~ma KhU10f! wita hm(lr gO'!1!J .in,tob~dl[lR tc c~.pe RpC',
~1I

Kunl1htpam,

"'ii~.

IIiJum Gula]: Qf

MaU]!'!:fJJaAbd'IlJ Q<ld~:r ~rti~l'lmi ~aira.pa:i!4 Me.IflIi,~d1a.w tj)wlls~;ip wasb.ru.t~Uy I,dned alllJi.11:1, :refiL!Lsa] t.Qpred'",~ ibefolJ'e the Army 'his only cl>'lU,gJ~.t~li.,

.mglK~~~edI

~. 50
bill~(iilliiles~o'wJle~

( ,5~ )
dCi,l.nyi l'I.aanJ
hiJi 'bfoth,e.r reseee he
to(lW01J:S,

A 'VIr <l'l '''''I.' d 111ap vI!]a~j, 0), g;rri[,~ .f~"m M~~~g~i:lw t~Wt1; W~SL~l .... . .••ped ;!I[!d kept c~Dfinedf f~r 7' days inslde ~tn~ ,~awp {,or S;8.ti~ril~nio.l'I. of Ut~lr him, ~J11 :F<i!qml Bn~r_. a V:I"11.~. I,.. J;"" ...... ~,g>e: ".. "1i'~1J.. "da:w 'tow As,ilIip0 :1! me:H _ w,ertl~ ,. ~hot dead far r.'ep'Ol~ting the toro mfS5lo_n ,~r]);,'iiJie I Gr.l!'SCS by thl1l AfPl:jl', to Ul~ir. ~moo3nd_],flg o'ffic~,r.
,fj."11

.' .'

pi rl~r{!l!W1 !ilbiddc.,am

M:a.il:II;!Ii;J;J:Bi A.~r Z~1l cal:U~ :i.tI bi .. d!js,In1:!!JedI'lDd~ j~ercd,u !l11r;r

Rot .AlIIlllwed.

i1;e:i i'f rnad e nude, n

JnJltar~:!i'~1'

f.rid~y,M<l1!.013,rm Abdul Ha;,Princi .., p.aJ ,of ~h~ A]·Haj M''',ill~n,a .$h~ Abdul J9,bb!lt" MOld rash"" \vas- .a!i:!I~!lted b:y SOID'e Ann'll'P'e!r~sO:f1 n e I.
!I.)Th C.ne

~,J
; 1

,'Motl[vi

M~I:l~iUl'UIl'cdi SIDl,~ft.Pc:\s~

lij':ii!ill;'i' of !he

~.a MI!IiJly 119tM1!

oil!~d

!<<liqirilJ'B:azEl'rof ¥~lHl,d:aw tOWfli~bn.;p w~re tlmflr • 't.. B -.". A:,.,.""", "'od thoudown to <I~hes. r)J ~n,e Y!!!ll!!e''''''~'~·~~''' ~ : slI'nd:l c_t" Musltms: w,er~ a1:,$0 iEihlilmllll1y' klJ1~d1.

, di11i1l:

A il'i.\1i,a;sll[]J se:ul<emerrut of

_'. _.~' ~ ls 'f.r~'... ol!,.. ... C'ha:b~ 1l103qLltl-:.~ ano !l~I~~t}~, ....~.-.

2!09fi

bO~Hles~lI(:hJ.RSJ7.';lf h)
..' -

_,'

Mo&tlJjuet Olil ~ceJ.;;ing p~rmi:&st;QnIQ[2C:r,· [~;'rQ$LJIl~~ pra}'C'r. W~oi! belltCIl up b;y tfuJc A~my Jil~f.$Gnl:Je! and !]obo'dy'wa:s allo,o,'ed to r,errOm~ <lillY prayer lhl;; whOle: c!a,ji'.
L'"urCoIld M~:l"id~~

attsehed

Qf MUgJIIQ, fHrllil, b", ,AriIDl-Y

~')l!iiiS;Oill$!l~:t

to Nl111"d(l. Msulan3 AMlll Jab-Idar.:;,l w¢U-~m!Ciwn S<l~ntj' on!a~li HhZlilr! Ma:l,l1l'1gdaww,a~ 'brut~!~)I' beaten, try _ th'~ Ann}" as ~ ~esult of wllten ~e he.cal11e u nW'i'lsctm.Is. but. the ,,1\ rmy: preS\! rm ng hml 1.0 dol ,loW ~hc: ]illl:i;~rb}' I ha..,~ (hed.~ th .~w n~!j I;l,Cl :I.' . jun~los.
Alt.f;)ilfpt:
• . .'. 'k _ 'b

iOLlillfi

tioMe Suddhif:Sl Arraed per~"Jtll:'lcd carried ~IT fPFGlb~y m:ani¢d .5 MlI~f!m 'o'il'j-g}n giris

Ma!!llllg.ttm~ low[1sh~,p. 0Ii'1 ilt'lmb.c, OCCEJ;siuJ[! 2'1i'~Ii'~in da.l.Igbtel:s I.'If M!u~~I:' Sajl'e:dHu~fi of ~a:zii"bjl ~S'~!)il.i~OIlJ.~, M""I~]'iJ-&-d8iW towflSliI.ip wcre~ilnMady ITu'irrieCil by !;,Ome cl'lhcr. A',my perl'o:lllel. 011 Ulr:eiili":. of "';Uc:l!i, oOmlrl ission of .c1f:imGc~ :i~ fuh,m;
tiJiJ<L".i

bc;jQ[l,gj:!1g b1 the 'I1IUage cfSfrl,Ol,i;)e 'B.fIZf!l\

¥ iJ "'ser oS'

go.~ t~1iTifiud and ~b~E~. .dofled: ~hc

",Hlagu,
Milularna S!ll~Osiw;ht~1Ji Ahme~ KiUl!:d

D-Ejril1S

thll:

abS1e;l1;Ce of

M8.II;I.I3'IHI,

:}I,lill

'Osiuddln A1amed of MctllHa: {Jl.~yi iii H !uJj 'll'm!!gc.: i!u, n~n:tUt~e M1Y bur.nt d~wn b~~hOI!!.$c, til a!>lites rut nO np~arellit re~SOrl:;;, On !II.iar.~ng ~ll!l .m:atil.er

Ol!s}he

~~i',abofll~OU

of Mu:]~bid'S.

Tb.!i:l- Goy,cm-

nu~~,t _of BI!I,r~3i is drj vinj!.!li.wIlY the M.IlsUms of A'f8:_lian 1L!U~.d'~r dU;l r.ds!;: a~t:1:I:~(iQJ!i!llTld p:~l}t'~:li::t £!f be.img Agl:;~ts. far th~ M~jlIbirj s~ Th~ Gov-e met ~h;_tf~essed t[he aUilude of BIJIm~5e Goveli'l1~ JE.cnn)~ i~~Mnlim &ubj.eofs as- Pfliij!;ld:ie~a].The , . iPn!k i:stall Ma'rt~ailLa w - Admi!;l! i5U~tOf 2I_nd ' ~~( n.O;C. Major G.encra.i Mt OuuaoJl(l:nsm ~wo:m" pau'ied the Gove;mo:r ~o the Pak·BlJllrrr,m. bord~r 'ta' i~ve5tigllt e ~he ~o!ldi oni~ -the vefu~:e,~.o;;,. u
The DnityAHfAG ~UI(!1!I),\V~!it Pr!iki-qtlo\l'I
'26. 19-.59.

~.~R. :lJ\KlIR

IDllltedl •. Al!lISI,i'!ll!lt

n~.I'J,IiI:ilr KQ1-J)ISTA:t4
'nm
D~ted.

~Ufdu),l.ilmrE'
St-PI'~mll>eil' 4.• Hl59'.

Wc~ .P.a:_ki5~~n
-

HUSSr\1N' ARRIVED

.AT COX·~iBA,-z.\a~

W0utJL
•

TALE!;0J!i .AR-~l{_i!.mi:SE MIJ:s:LW

l<;EPUG!E.il:S

1'0 MAleE AN rnQUIRY or

THE MUSLL~"
IJLT!RhL'\

_ R:EWUGEE~' CO~flW,Gr-'itOMi

'J"lis )l~~~Be Gi)~,;efllm,ejlt .a"t~ii-£"'I! djj,£l!'o~tiHm8' !;is :M:q!.hEb' Agtn~~' ~l'Id~ti~~ 1m .~T;R1Ulin
di:ter~oil'tIi~m:;: ,

l~x'!JBa:~l1r 2:5 Augl.ls;t :.: 1l]:e: f.u~Pak1Sltau

i(iQvcmcu:

M-r. 'Z,I!!kir Hi.1o$~3.ill a.rri",ed here bY

wbo
,aReCl~um,~

plan~ to Olaki('!l ~I!! 9n_~t'he"spot ertqll1~y M!.!i$liim,l!~f~gWi:

<'Ih~.t, the
__'J:fon't

.,

the-:

B~~~~de

~ .... :

1'~;"~·'·~'1·

ID .l9-4~~ the VtJ'y ~a r I)f the m!]de])e[J denee of Bnrma. 311;000 A rakal'lc5C Musl hns had 1]!!:dtl1 &stP:ak:i:s.t3:n to e-S!";:3iPl'! :p~ril,zcllt io~" 111a ras:s.m·~:nt " and ,~n"~rd~b:~ ill, ~ootiC!in Iilf tI':l!~ Maghs. 1;>l.:!rlng lb.e yea:; of 19~9 ~htCGo",,~riil!:wiCli!!;t F.o.es~;[lira:i.jlllbJr curied '0,11 Vll[l'~Oll!S kind! oof _~tJOC;~tiell 'S:1iI;Jj'b, a~ rOO[~[l,g,rapi!ilg. p;lny.s:.ical t Q!rl:u:r~ alld1iI':S'O_1l as a lI'e;s:u]t ,of wh k',h mll!1Y s1Lic]a, viJ ~a.;ges '.w,r::~t ou~,-ohxii.~,u~nceJa,~d 2o..CQ'O Mtl~liJi!.s wer~ a,.o I;liu$ed ml'O ,F.a!ill Pllkl:li:lall.
~iJt'4il:!,

. - ;:r,~ ~.lAk~f Hu~$ain e j!:p~~i:nm the p,re~S" I' ~ -t~,

man, 'tHli~~e,~~j~Jt,
~,"1!l~& _im~

•.

rr:r~,Q

:p~h£~lgoJ!lig,:[or _

CfI;\'S

B~:?:ar

{B~gii]i l P~~. BjjiirglM1!~1:. DiIIled. M-taii\C.b 4. 1~5.

'.

TliE;B(JRMESE
J-CSSOfe; T1QWIl

MUSLLMRIEfUG~ H:~U. The ie~d~r

IN JESSORE -

th!ll,t ~bCl u'o>;il!'ii';'wetll, ,of BunTilR ~s.'E}ICcusi!!iig the ,,., I" ",(.1'1'''__ 3 :residLIlSilil, Arilk,allDivi:;~Q:L'\

,400 lurme~E: Mu.s1ims

took .sih;J&ctin the

,or' tt,fl' r:cJi::1!II,gc1c:s

...~ D",

,I

No;o[· ~ol'iam:med ~'OJd 'lili1ll they are ~be bQ!;lafid,e dlli~i~S ,of Burma. He fl;lu"[~e'" wid tbe ,:!Il~Wlllil!!1~f.I.tllai due to C,IIU r[l'l!l.!JIiI.S: pe'['s,ec'l]tihn by
a tS~ct~on ofBuddhilst~:iJ11.cl S~Me A;ultb'Qv.iHe~ as ~:ilnaDyas t 5,:001')1 R9MIJJI!~SiS from M~UlIgd;aw area

Mr,

(jo\;'e:rnni!cnt ",·e:~!.' /,'i :.h!ir im}!,'erti!!.~ ,~lld 1 dr{)vc'

. tn!j:m

~W,ljI

froIn i;~~;:r humf:$,'

inA,!,.llibm.

c~~e~ borde~U the

llIat3i~HJ R:a1iligp~r.

!O!I'tleitpro:p~~i[ie!J quane:l'.

J~'S.~~rc:., Mogh:u.I.·'. They w'~re jforci.bl.}1 depti.".~d, but got n!'J n::~ncdy il'om any

T~

The ~ urm C8e< pO ~iee Ie d Ihe: i!CriuS~~ ro 'lac: s bo:r'd~r' wi.h ~l8:n:\1:iacl~sh and eilUUll'~d 1ba,'!: lh~y crl).'<lsltd,_ Q<ve:.rc. T]lIlCY ~""Cfe der.:a 'lld eel ,of .R.'>" 70,(1)01 by mo.ney chang~r1g 'tri5UlS. They G:~capediI:11Q Indht.lITlde!f' eover "",,f darkness, Fmmlhe b9:!'(kr ~,o. CaklliUa ll~f)y t ravened ill b uses, l'h~ r(:~[ cf l be. jOllll rllcy tio.· Del h i W<1.S,c omp~C'Ded bytlJ<I i [I. III ()~tly W D~D1GiJ.:I tic~ets" E ,, ll'h~ i'U.R.l:ll': IJESH D~n!' {D<!'rt~flli))~CI;B,. UnDJ.Jad~:s11 ] ;. D.'!olc.e l 1\, pd.! t s, 1975. Bm.i~·tESE HE FL>um~!5' TO E.!! SEN'!' Il1l:Cl';: (tly eur cl,!."ruporu:kllt RallljD1 blfim)
DI.III; ~a oj:! P ressi ~.IlI. .3Jld SilJ p;p.e~.31i II by the Q 'G(;\!emnu~lilt. flf BULfrrt'i1 ami the B:I:Jddbist f~vfa£;hs'. m.mlly Mucslims frOrtIl Arakall~ ,in

DEli Iy ll'rE;EAQ (Beit1SlBli )ID~GEL"B!lngb~~b "DdQil" Mt!I,nih 6, t975,

BURMESE MUSLIM E;XOnUS ro ll.,\.NC;LAUTESIl Ahout '.50'0, Iv] ILl!dJIll s ha ve been ,cOmiiil g d~ily a,~ iflilrljJ~~~~ to, BO!!:n,gll!.dicsh. T!1$ywe'F@ 1.?\iI~edi!O to, B~.Jlg,!adesh Dj' Blllillc:.e AlJ t:l:tor] t~~s .,,~d Masns. They' h:l!.'ve ~ef~aU tbeh' mo ...aul'e .a"iildi~.mo~!e. prQ~cn,es 'io. IlIJei:r oWn c~u.nt.y .. The MUSl'AQE.E'N WE!E-KLY ~Uri!.!Ji).D:elli~. ,fudia lJu~d, lIJ,p.ril 1<1# 191'5. UN Pi!..Y ATIliNTHJlN ~ J'IT,JNPRI}DS OF M1JSLUVfS FUSHE iJ eu l' nH~.M TH.El1 R MDTHEJi1L1I.ND RY THE IlU:RN~ESE GOVERNMENT· Say wb~li'e w~liJ~d tl!igD -T!lC,iiiIi! 1kjlllSllm~lyimg in (lI)!2H spa~c ilIl .fl'oint 9f L~ Dellii Jama ~1Q8ql1~ ~ . 10 Uli'du P'lrl;. ~!l '['rent of Jarna Masjijd. Delli !l:botil 3.o() Mu;!!llim T~rllg:ee!S bocm' j].IIim:lU l]Ei!d,e~ Uu: t!lltcr'cu; shed~ are ~!lsi~,g the.i.~r\lles. AmN1.gl11lern are r!1c:ru:d(l~ w'17I[lI!'I1 and~cMld!l'~n wtJQ h9d t"slal)irsheil h!l-lI:rrh and home [11 JB;1!!rlil'l!!i., Thl!Y h41d lhd~ownland~ and .j~)b!;, The:

s;-;:U:teroo; cundihon,h;ave laal'lglad~ where they

l1a,,~ bli:~n COI!lCC!11rnted

vbhitlg ~he

~e ... c:.ros;SJ'I:'IS

XlIVe-ftO'

in:.. ¥,eiief

COIIDJ;S.

at 'Tfikliloaf.W'h.ite

d'lc' .relu_g,cts. who have. Nat ion 01 1 Regi~tratijJn OlLrd5 of their OW[1I, (txjJ'rest,Wc;l' their w(ii~fu;~ pligh:l if! their OWIl di!:llw~. b Td'lwf l''ebef e,amps

tlmro arc as many as; 6301 [Q!IIi.gces. fmm i6d famil~s tiU nOlw wherein rhl)Y arc, Uvfll!l' ]!'I a ,",en; heart-str Ielsen po sit io rI. 'Th~e::li:odl!S fr·om AI, YUib·.skle o.f Burtna ifl!w 13an~iOlicileshstretehed for two mOl1iM j$c ~tii! in! oonU]n1!lat ;0[1. Many of the .efgu.~()'~ ,"'re liv in! ~ ·:d@ng the hill-sitl .. ~li::o:;~d w.~fh ~he l,ocal:50, n:i~ ; eltHm3.l'iCd that ~lbo:'I,J.t ] SQ{1of ~hen:li n~ce:ntb

~fi

)
(}.iil>il

( .5 7 ,
refYfl~c. Mr, Ab!'i:U1~

cnt~J!I}d into, Baogbde-t1!...

HISTORY
1,~B
~/.i~;1

GJ:'I:f~r of~tlJongl~,I:i doscrib'~d 'that th~Y 'hM t.Q leave; an th~ff fuC:IQ,~~gil.'igfO" pro p~rt.ie$ and kInds ,8:'1: 'l:henEllnds' of dlG Magb'5. '\ A:l'ilotber Iduge>et Mr. Sam.i'!lddlll, expres.sed t~it t)ie-llunnesc GoverflmeiITt badru,t~les:lllJ'

'*""
~u

WORLD
'1".,.. I"~,
t!.hj~:tl.'u

PRESS
fl~j;
"J'":..q
bo<k:-Ir'~lhe
~b1rl.qiIIi!!!I:-~~ijif L'b: ~,p,;.."Ilr~

c';,- .~
~~iilll'i
,!!;-d_~

dri:ven auf bi~ nl0tn~r w.ith tWQ 'which he had t!l flee 11 f!IlJ.·oiliuL!llHrtL i$

bJ(iUt~[".!i tor

~~~-.,'_ . ~~~
I _ I

=a.~
~.aru

iill.!! ~~J""iiHl
~l;:g1.lim,

~~~'~~I.1I.~'l

f1'1Ld."n~ nf iI~I~,L~ .i~~l'ii(r!iiftoJ!Jt'iJ ~_l:~I.-I~ ~'fIlwI

.ta, ~~~~n~I~1I

~a ~!-!!!i

~W~r~_ ~U~f~li:~

ur

M~u

d~;"l'1iih:!1~!.lf :t'1!' Il.~

~1-t~~Ai'wil

JlI~

~r ~hnll.JrD,!;If EIluFl!.i

in IDLirJli

rill: !.lit!

loll!.! i~. ).'tI!Ir-l -,:1l-t-)1ilif~

Allolhcr 'retug.ell: t.oM th:;l:l a:trodous 'crlimteS" Ioet, phY5 ical Hl'l'1i:Uf';;, ,COIl ilS:.e!ltio[l Gtf rW,]'Xlwfies ant.! r;JJp~ became t~c dai1y r:(jn~inefo'L the lMa~h15 and tM Go~er:mll!:l1t Au~borities" 1t C\llfflirm:t~d in their nUIi.ss~,()dm i:nto llii8:flgloocsh to. ~,$.b..1JIe
p~rscculi(ln. oppre~~l on :Sind,
~UPI!IoJ'I.;::>

~::i'I
!h!'

'" ~

If!!

~l'ft'!lilrlIll.:: i!I~ ar AHcbll; a"II i:! I":"IIII-t aT t_W;~!p.!i;;'rt :tu"!i' ~I'I, QII, i[I'f' !KHI'!II.!l1t If.:':i~ d Pe-~ii'I!11IIII ~kJ 'tP.f.i!:;' [Miff ~!'!i:~ 1ii'1~~4 !,i;I_P~1i(I ;"i~)f!.!r ~h;tYr-Ir':'m'p.PI\ ~1tn''!~'I'!::U~1i!'.I ~lIrilllIlT:dli"._r (:erft ~m F 1'\- to flwf't"ll1l"'~ It ~h~ :ir-::' lill..:.il('o"i, ~Lnr,.-(t!Ji tLl "r-t!!I:~ w.-".li:\fI~. . ii~h ,~,~~
~I'ij

... .;nJ~. ~!!Iifji!'l~ L ~~-:;~ ~~ W'!I!il;~.Iii..! "':'1I!cmrr;lib!-~' bf.i!n ~~:

iIIIIl'tJli'!iL:ii'll.

u-r:t1U.,

a~~1

*.

I ~:JI
n .,

~~ ~
..
-fI/'

JI~~iljrr

IhIHlll:li...:.~ ill !i.JI.:.I ~I.'" ~)4I !l.H.'!,M!r :II'F.:! ILI"'fiIirl~ ~..fJ:.!:I]' J'.L.nl"inl i

h.rf., p!-II mL;! 11; I.::nlbu" '"",Ii'

.i-J:i ui1lJirm~
rNt:'
5;1;1.!1!n

~uWh:I!II'

Jr:Qfjplii

~"i

_.
III':

810[J,.

Wh~Ji Ils:kcd t!to!'T"krmf .~1!1~l1:(}ri[JIco~r::'I~ . t::xp!airtod to~he rcl"Qrte.r I:JU!it 'thercfy~e~:!i W(;;!)e kept in the re:liefcllmp$ on hl!;!ntfltl ita{"j<7i!1 ,!,;found$ and lUO's:t of them. m,<'!'.!.l"lty \vQ!l:I:.cn1l.'l1d children, arc suWeri'lJi~ flom 'di~~ses.
't:he.Dillhi'lm~AQ!
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,2©' DilED OF GAS:rRI].,~rl'Nl\.L DISORDERS IN .RELIEF CAMPS'

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DAWN
Burmese refugees
"and, flerugeB's;,MH! v.i.ll.e!ll 9f

TlrrI'H BA.{1g~3;~f!m5eaJ- til '0. lUJXd>e:o. :u'!lm J:s :Er.D, ~" ~,ing off. .~t!: ]50-mlle 'trlBiorilln""Q' ~. ru p t 1'(\10" OO!'~e~ with Bu:mu,l aU.err 'Wli'.!Ue ..'leallllg 01I l1Js bor .. an .Hm.iIl( o;t .sQ"!'~ml~Oi!l-tl~r w~~. BI!!ii;n_:a, tug Bm7
sltuag:lad~

'Mon. In the. AwOl.ik<1n Pro.. exp'r-ell$~ a

CEllS.b.

Gcn'ell';rutli}a'j1t h:il:!>

8~rm& ,3I]ilp!ea$'5 !'ID~1;1\e i;n:Uu;x: Q~ Bt!~~ ~ bavilil .!l..'l.'!\I,l:Jn~ tllie:I:l!,I'~- ~Q :na.lJonsiJs ~nw our'

Cl).n.c~m

at tib.~ bem

'b:'Clllbl!e. ~n the 'nt'ulet:ly neg:®itlat:lng' wJt;h w.E!~ _anec.ttng .~.I.IU'~e. ~e' RlUl ri:O. 001 ..~.lnGe.-.t.,ne' I1.~.l!i.' ~.' ... ... . Mus]1!m, eOO1'lllll1!Ji~~~ .~ gtnl!:~, COOllWg e:l!rly bee'n. iEl:.ppeal'ing . ~,or~Qlne .!.Ut. IiDflr!<~ I:ntt tfl~ oou'Ij~ys, A:n.~ntermltw:nt:nl;lw ~1l:.I;tatlOI'l.!li ~l;lld)e;.EI.tl' pro-o!' re::r~ees VIa;.,> M6.(I t;'h.ere duced. niLl PQ.s:ltJJiI~ I'~Ul~. Wf~ WmeM f~ ~Way II.!O elatlNboI:l!taltt; .Dl].j]D~ to P:a:.Jtb;tan.. Bi1t the; ~~~lg'6t1,DOil ~1JSlJl'IlBr .reported:-, ~f,I'!i.r' o:l! m:s:.ny thcOUfl'!LIWS ly ,eY!'[: tad, f~@Jri tb@l' h.o~
t.!a,d
~I

PO~iQIl!I} 0:1' -1!."~\lt

I,

Re~terrlt.onr'·. Da,(;ca.had

and IlUJlt~ ~ r,~w,~[ tJ1em In

:[';;IJ!lt, tbill

~e:rllge!.1~_have

MeMwMe,
betnli
~'lt~j:IDll,

the:

ex.P~ed

tl.o'l1. Our ~1J~!l1IiUli Mrll:!iJ:d'p M~~!m3

A. Pmn'betb1"llSt the' Go¥etnm.ent at of ~[p~:S kWlflbee'.!l Bmma win tm"e lI~to made tp 'I!ilII1irld o~.a,... il:'estol;e ]i~W and ortl;e:r tIl tlQn;s. :!lilt!, lThtlvfdlflIli!l leM- til!!' ,~l\'IiI a:r~.!J,. ,md ~!dllg eroS.,mcl~diIDg . smJic to blxlt;Mle 1a,'w!~ ~el~ SOOref..a.rfat, ·the :reo menUl 'WnlJ h!!I.'IIl! rtJeen ~~Gmcrllil .e:n(! ~~ tRl L.'hre:a~n:s' ~e.li'ife.'l. tt.!J.. Hlilman. RIt:~1'i8 lCQmm;fs--,:rt~ Md pro[p!el'W Q,r 'til"
UI.ld'el5~rn!ll.
oj [b~

eo~n~

!;lon!;ler~ wllilJl ·the :!ltl:Uet!ed hB.S _, iIl! sC:O:U~ d"u-bi~ enhan~ed. ,(lieU' h1i.l~ ,bJ qlUl.e mW1lkrt~1l ~one.er[l". W'~

.w-.~

f J-\K,ISTAN

'T I-I.E'

T_
~,

Influx ,of' Butmese .

Bangladesh f~eel1 vastpeoblems-

mlle!l. AfJ1!:l'lII'iIc&c.;i!LilIIIll!~, ",lUI ru~ .dilcll !J'i;I' ~~u~ In.~. !i'(J~~ Irrnm _ ful' ~~ or !!I!~- Hgn""U,.I\lII, ~I" ~Ii!t!!~~,. W .., m!li!'~ ur ~n.tlOI:LtJJ!.m. ~. ,~~l:i !lmHI~ liD :n9l;1'Io:l~; ~m ~~ _llil~'~! ~ .. ttl, M;" '~"ci1l~ <hJi;t. Gl!tt.mC"~I!.n(! .!i~t ilI:L~ ,LH _m.
~Qi:In:i:l~

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~. ~~

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BUR' -

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hll1~. tj~ d 0'1,! !:h'lll Ib~~ Ql' 1fI!8I. ili£a~ '~d,u~krJ:i N !;Iotl.-llel':still~oI W'~rt)'_ 'l11It;. ~J~ !!, ittJ: ~Ll:!!, III hdiIi.. i!!IfI L~!II :1:.!l1~ ~!I!' !l;f!tI~ lo.jj"I,~~"'" ~~1~ .~ 'OOO1;lil~Cn:!i~ wlil,\' 11'1. Bl1:l'im1li nJoo!! I!,bI:t't'~rtt-"r!dld~np~l~Dn~f IIil iOoIiL1:Jf Mjllli! ~ f11'O(1,~~~~'t!Il!li ;~ftM!~~ 11!I(I!1Ii 00 '~lr>",' ~. 1httr ~.

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MUSLIMS

>, .... ESE,

to

d9

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I!. tJe'W:t'!!

I.M bi:!!'!;lt~!t

dlrhi'i'i

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-- --- -----

(65
~ I ~!!<ib 'l1;Ulilili1\'lJ1li.:8lr1 ~!L ~ . ]1fJdJ:!! C~~ ~..,~j!!'D on:!'" • iII_~oc-ldil_ , JIl-ii .Mot:amB:!'". ~~~tI-,

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]I]~

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D,A,'WN
.ISSUE

, JUO,dt-ilil-S;mJ;, 1:!9iJ
Mo.lild&:y~ Ma,,. i.'!. lUll

TO .BERA,ISBn

A:f'

o»

Genocide of Muslim minority Burma

in

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ii~i"~<:rlJiM 10 U!>,~·Iit!iEJe ,a,tmcil ~.~ P 1fIli~llr~ '~,"ln'\l"" TJ;i~ RI"'i~ilitllllr,g;~d r~~~l.m;t~td, Y~Of,i :!1l1' Mg~~ilItl, lif t]);~ ~~.!j!:!li J!lg~il:tri~~, W '~iI~~!l'" .n.i:'1:~1I1. ~lU~Mi lI'f [Ir~'I'iiIII,. II ,I~·~ l1~r ~;U.,LJ: :rdut!Dj'j~, """III BIi~Rli!I 1m ,~1~~ ~~ol!liI.lqil !If ~!ID!~[I. !l;i:8.1ih. mI. ~ll' OIljl)ill)'lpl t(! c.'btajg li~1Jo1~o~,PEBI ,'I._",:dg'r,,~it1'1: an.II<iI~[~,~fnciilll 'r~r~~; ~:oti~in!"'l<i r.~jU~ Qf GI,i'l9Ti" .. I i'm'nMHI-..1; ::iimd. w-=ndi, m.~lit btl .16PP til r6rt!:twiill'·. ~;II~ Mul'lfim ~o,~~iIUo~"" *~tl

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'1 SLAM Ie COUiNCit EXPRES.SES CONe·ERN OVER EXTER"NUNAIIONI OF MUSLIMS IN aURIMA

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R~C~League's appeal

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15 ~ak. U~N~aid lm- tefugf.'~s,

Burma' seeks to hold 'dialogue

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Rflibita to raise Burmese Muslims plight at U.N,.

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'TH'E - MUSIUM
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Islamic Conference deeply concerned·

~

B'tlrmes:e Mus,litns' evictio,n

Islamic Conference deeply concerned

B'ul mese·Muslims'
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I.nil.;.!' 1]1' '?JI) ~I'~ll"d <llf.ll n I~ l:.\~'-iIIf'i'l]lll: "t.~1 1t.I1"'~ r.n~J"Q. I IR""I Ill .<t.ll '!!i\I '~~!I ~"l~!i~~1l £~(;nl<!~' ~S:W!:l "Lf1 t~o~~ ""tlfl!' b~I'!:irl 1:'0 ~rl~,J ~i,~ ,1rot.- i;f~'\U f.tL.~ :t.ln8p!~~ ~I'I~J~I;!.,n d I \-Ir ~w.;tOr oW p;;.j,Q1Mi 1J1<i~'Il!&i,,_g w:,n ~Oo!.rd. ·.[;;I.t~·'Ijogfil '~-o.;.pp~ 11:1,""""11 n\l ''Y!,Ii'~ HY-<;I&!.g .<J\! II ~1Ir:n~ RlII!IC,f!~ 'JliI,'7 ~~ 'S\.o"!:t1I\1:1\1: ~",g[]W, iLLl¢ ~llBl! nj~ .. ~ _r~~ ~U;4~ ",,--~, :il!"!eil 9.il:! 'by ll'!.;rn;';M 101'.:'1:;" to 11!BiI;;l'~.hI!;F.!I e<([~~. 111"'1 nU\lfl~' pOll'\. ,t;i~.~ ~~~" :lIO.'UaJ "'O~-';O.!i ~Ii(!elli_ .... J,~~~ lJ~t ~l!111"1 ,;j;j. "'~UII~ ~fI' ')"""I~a;u nJ ";>,"k¥ ~'l~,!)~1'y II"" ttl U ~I~"'~ t m ~... ~ :N-J\ljoXlp oW..! 1J.j~lo:t~ '~JIf,I • !\~ . ,~ 1~H ~!{pe.l liI'Uo!!lfi~~~ 10 t~1II:c ~1'1:r.a!>!:~ 1'·",1\1 .re ,I~~'~lli' oc: ~i!l '1'f~.Il" i~' iI~~t.h..,1I' O;"QO'nt<Tcl"", !!;r" "g ld
.,!\

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H arr'owing'ac'COrunts
of rape, atrocities

BIJRJ.1ESE

MUSUMS

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MUSLIMS ~NilEl.uAMA

ISdm'tiay;"

JUMIAI B. )!II~.8
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fOOd ..~_j.'1mi!l 'tftl4n:;~~~' ,OW\! l'i.d.~!!'~ i!iOEJIi 'ili'i00
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aid for'
]:'I[llslims
,Jla,m~::; ];he UN~ W~1ii

Must]M" wGrhl?s

6~ 1:9'71

H~

fWF¥I 1".i1J £I.'I\~ aid: 'o!.'(ITMl :i1_;2

C6nc·ern over Burmese DPs

rl~~ JWlJlli~:

Operation IDragon 'Kin

LAST MARCH til t' 'W'ol"la M:L'Jl:~im C~!i'i!:!Slil Kar~chl se nt iI ~e~e~:r!Jm t'!l i1JW Set re:l.aq' GenlM":!r!·:I'I: u;rt Wa~!I~.eilm!CaJlingLl,Helillj 1m ~ be tit~
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north We!l1l ilhe)' a.r~ akin to -

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