Tutorial Set 1(Matrices and Linear Equations)

1. If the order of matrix A is m*p and the order of matrix B is p*n, then the order of matrix AB
is…………..
(a) n x p (b) m x n (c) n x p (d) n x p (e) n x m

2. Two matrices A and B are equal if

(a) both are rectangular

(b) both have same order

(c) no of columns of A is equal to columns of B

(d) both have same order and equal corresponding elements

3. If A and B are matrices, then which of the following is/are true

(a) AB ≠BA (b) (𝐴𝑡 )𝑡 = A (c) all of above (d) none above

4. Transpose of a rectangular matrix is a

(a) scaler matrix (b) square matrix (c) diagonal matrix (d) rectangular matrix

5. If A is a 2*3 matrix, and B is a 3*4 matrix, how many columns does AB have …4…

1 2 4 3
6. What is the size of matrix A =[ 12 7 1 4 ] … … … … … Ans 3 × 4
13 14 2 1

7. Which of the following is true about square matrices?

I) All entries of A11, A22, Ann lie on the diagonal

II) It has the same number of rows as columns
III) Every square matrix has a unique identity matrix
IV) the order of a square matrix is a positive integer
(a). I only (b). I and III only (c). I, II and III only

(d). I, II, III and IV (e). I, II and IV only (f). None of the above

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8. Write the following systems of equations in the form AX=B

3𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 = 4 𝒂𝒙 + β𝒚 + δ𝒛 = ε 𝑥−𝑦 =4
𝐚. 𝑎 − 5𝑏 + 4𝑐 = 4 𝐛. 𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐𝑧 = 𝑓 𝐜. 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 6
2𝑎 + 3𝑏 =4 λ𝑥 + μy + vz = r 𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 8

Solution
3 3 1 a 4
𝐚. [ 1 −5 4 ][ b ] = [ 3 ]
2 3 0 c 6

ɑ β δ x ε
𝐛. [ a b c ][ y ] = [ f ]
λ μ v z r

1 −1 x 4
𝐜. [ 2 1 ] [ y ] = [ 6 ]
1 3 8

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 1 0
1 2 3 0 1
9. Given the following matrices: W = [ ], 𝑋 = [2 −1 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌 = [ ]
3 2 1 −2 5
0 2
Compute the following

𝐚. W 2 𝐛. WX + Y 𝐜. XY 𝐝. XW + Y 𝐞. YW T 𝐟. WXY

Solution
1 2 3 1 2 3
𝐚. W 𝟐 = [ ][ ]
3 2 1 3 2 1
The number of columns in the first matrix is not equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The
multiplication is therefore not possible.

1 0
1 2 3 0 1
𝐛. WX + Y = [ ][2 −1 ] + [ ]
3 2 1 −2 5
0 2
(1 ∗ 1 + 2 ∗ 2 + 3 ∗ 0) (1 ∗ 0 + 2 ∗ −1 + 3 ∗ 2) 0 1
=[ ]+[ ]
(3 ∗ 1 + 2 ∗ 2 + 1 ∗ 0) (3 ∗ 0 + 2 ∗ −1 + 1 ∗ 2) −2 5
5 4 0 1
=[ ]+[ ]
7 0 −2 5
5 5
=[ ]
5 5

1 0
0 1
𝐜. XY = [ 2 −1 ] [ ]
−2 5
0 2
(1 ∗ 0 + 0 ∗ −2) (1 ∗ 1 + 0 ∗ 5) 0 1
= [ [2 ∗ 0 − 1(−2)] [2 ∗ 1 − 1(5)] ] = [ 2 −3 ]
[0(−2) + 2(−2)] [0 ∗ 1 + 2(5)] −4 10

1 0
1 2 3 0 1
𝐝. XW + Y = [ 2 −1 ] [ ]+[ ]
3 2 1 −2 5
0 2
The resulting matrix from XW is a 3×3 matrix. It is impossible adding a 3×3 matrix to a 2×2 matrix.
Therefore XW+Y has no solution.

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 1 3
𝐞. WT = [ 2 2]
3 1
1 3
0 1
YW T = [ ] [2 2]
−2 5
3 1
The number of columns in the first matrix is not equal to the number of rows in the second matrix. The
multiplication is therefore not possible.

1 0
1 2 3 0 1
f. WXY = [ ][ 2 −1 ] [ ]
3 2 1 −2 5
0 2
5 4 0 1
=[ ][ ]
7 0 −2 5
5(0) + 4(−2) 5(1) + 4(5)
=[ ]
7(0) + 0(−2) 7(1) + 0(5)
−8 25
=[ ]
0 7

1 3 0 4
10. Let AT = [ ] and B = [ ] , find 4AB
2 5 −1 6
T 1 2
A = (AT ) = [ ]
3 5
Solution

1 2 0 4 1(0) + 2(−1) 1(4) + 2(6) −2 16

AB = [ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
3 5 −1 6 3(0) + 5(−1) 3(4) + 5(6) −5 42
−2 16 −8 64
4AB = 4 [ ]=[ ]
−5 42 −20 168

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11. Using Matrix multiplication, find x1, x2 and x3 from the system of linear equations

2 1 1 𝑥1 6 2 1 1 0.4 −0.2 0.4

[ 3 4 6] [ 𝑥2 ] = [12 ] if the inverse of [ 3 4 6] is given as [ 1.2 0.4 −1.8 ]
2 1 1 𝑥3 10 2 1 1 −1 0 1

Solution
X1 0.4 −0.2 0.4 6
[ X 2 ] = [ 1.2 0.4 −1.8 ] [ 12]
X3 −1 0 1 10
X1 0.4(6) − 0.2(12) + 0.4(10) 4
[ X 2 ] = [ 1.2(6) + 0.4(12) − 1.8(10)] = [ −6 ]
X3 −1(6) − 0(12) + 1(10) 4

x1, x2 and x3 are therefore 4, -6 and 4 respectively.

12. Use Gauss Jordan elimination to find the solution to the following given linear systems

3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 = 3 2 𝑥1 + 6𝑥3 = 2

𝐚. 12𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 𝐛. 2𝑥1 + 7𝑥2 + 3𝑥3 = −7 c. 3𝑥1 + 9𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 = 7
2𝑥1 + 8𝑥2 + 6𝑥3 = −4 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 5𝑥3 = 6

𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 5𝑥4 = 11 𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 2

𝐝. − 𝑥1 + 3𝑥2 − 4𝑥3 + 5𝑥4 = −6 𝐞. 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 2
2𝑥1 + 6𝑥2 + 4𝑥3 + 7𝑥4 = 19 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5
5𝑥2 + 2𝑥3 + 6𝑥4 = 5

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Solution

3 1 x 2
a. [ ][ y] = [ ]
12 1 2
x 3 1 2
[y] = [ | ]
12 1 2
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
1 1 1
×R1 −12R1+R2 1 1/3 2/3 − ×R2 − R2 +𝑅1
3 1 2 3 1 1/3 2/3 3 1 1/3 2/3 3 1 0 0
[ | ]=→ [ | ]=→ [ | ]=→ [ | ] =→ [ | ]
12 1 2 12 1 2 0 −3 −6 0 1 2 0 1 2
𝑥 1 0 0
[𝑦 ] = [ | ]
0 1 2

𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 2.

1 3 4 X1 3
𝐛. [ 2 7 3 ] [ X 2 ] = [−7 ]
2 8 6 X3 −4
X1 1 3 4 3
[ X2 ] = [ 2 7 3 | −7 ]
X3 2 8 6 −4
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
1 3 4 3 −2R1+R2 1 3 4 3 −2R1+R3 1 3 4 3 −3R2+R1 1 0 19 42
[2 7 3 | −7 ] = → [0 1 −5 | −13 ] = → [0 1 −5 | −13 ] = → [0 1 −5 | −13 ]
2 8 6 −4 2 8 6 −4 0 2 −2 −10 0 2 −2 10
1
−2R2+R3 1 0 19 42 R3 1 0 19 42 −19R3+R1 1 0 0 4
8
=→ [0 1 −5| −13 ] = → [ 0 1 −5 | −13 ] = → [0 1 −5 | −13 ]
0 0 8 16 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 2

5R3+R2 1 0 0 4
=→ [0 1 0 | −3 ]
0 0 1 2

X1 1 0 0 4
[ X2 ] = [ 0 1 0 | −3 ]
X3 0 0 1 2
X1 = 4, X 2 = −3 and X3 = 2.

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 0 2 6 X1 2
𝐜. [ 3 9 4 ] [ X2 ] = [ 7 ]
1 3 5 X3 6
X1 0 2 6 2
[ X2 ] = [ 3 9 4 |7]
X3 1 3 5 6
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
0 2 6 2 R3+R1 1 5 11 8 −3R1+R2 1 5 11 8 −R1+R3 1 5 11 8
[ 3 9 4|7] = → [ 3 9 4 |7] = → [ 0 −6 −29 | −17] = → [ 0 −6 −29 | −17]
1 3 5 6 1 3 5 6 1 3 5 6 0 −2 −6 −2
1 1 5 11 8
− ×R2 1 5 11 8 2R2+R3
6
= → [ 0 1 29/6 | 17/6 ] =→ [ 0 1 29/6 | 17/6 ]
0 −2 −6 −2 0 0 11/3 11/3

1 0 −79/6 −37/6 3
−5R2+R1 R3 1 0 −79/6 −37/6
11
= → [ 0 1 29/6 | 17/6 ] = → [ 0 1 29/6 | 17/6 ]
0 0 11/3 11/3 0 0 1 1

29 79
− R3+R2 1 0 −79/6 −37/6 R3+R1 1 0 0 7
6 6
=→ [ 0 1 0 | −2 ] = → [ 0 1 0 | −2 ]
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

X1 1 0 0 7
[ X2 ] = [ 0 1 0 | −2 ]
X3 0 0 1 1
X1 = 7, X 2 = −2 and X3 = 1.

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 1 3 2 5 𝑥1 11
−1 2 −2 5 ][ 𝑥2 −6
d. [ 𝑥3 ] = [ 19 ]
2 6 4 7
0 5 2 6 𝑥4 5
x1 1 3 2 5 11
x2 −1 2 −2 5 | −6 ]
[ x ]=[
3 2 6 4 7 19
x4 0 5 2 6 5
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
1 3 2 5 11 1 3 2 5 11 1 3 2 5 11
−1 2 −2 5 | −6 ] = R1+R2 0 5 0 10 | 5 ] = −2R1+R2 0 5 0 10 | 5 ]
[ → [ → [
2 6 4 7 19 2 6 4 7 19 0 0 0 −3 −3
0 5 2 6 5 0 5 2 6 5 0 5 2 6 5

1 1 3 2 5 11 1 0 2 −1 8
R2
5 0 1 0 2 | 1 ] = −3R2 +R1 0 1 0 2 | 1]
= → [ → [
0 0 0 −3 −3 0 0 0 −3 −3
0 5 2 6 5 0 5 2 6 5

1 0 2 −1 8 1 1 0 2 −1 8
R4+R3
−5R2+ R4 0 1 0 2 | 1]=→2 0 1 0 2 | 1]
= → [ [
0 0 0 −3 −3 0 0 1 −5 −3
0 0 2 −4 0 0 0 2 −4 0

1 0 2 −1 8 1 0 0 9 14
−3R3 +R4 0 1 0 2 | 1 ] = −2R3+R1 0 1 0 2 | 1 ]
=→ [ → [
0 0 1 −5 −3 0 0 1 −5 −3
0 0 0 6 6 0 0 0 6 6

1 1 0 0 9 14 1 0 0 0 5
R4
6 0 1 0 2 | 1 ]= →−9R4+R1 0 1 0 2 | 1]
=→ [ [
0 0 1 −5 −3 0 0 1 −5 −3
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

1 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 0 5
−2R4+R2 0 1 0 0 | −1 ] = → 5R4+R3 0 1 0 0 | −1 ]
=→ [ [
0 0 1 −5 −3 0 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
𝑥1 1 0 0 0 5
𝑥2 0 1 0 0 | −1 ]
[ 𝑥 ]=[
3 0 0 1 0 2
𝑥4 0 0 0 1 1
𝑥1 = 5, 𝑥2 = −1, 𝑥3 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥4 = 1.

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 1 7 0 𝑥 2
𝐞. [ 1 1 2 ][ 𝑦 ] = [ 2 ]
1 2 1 𝑧 5
𝑥 1 7 0 2
[ 𝑦 ]=[ 1 1 2 |2]
𝑧 1 2 1 5
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
1
1 7 0 2 −R1+ R2 1 7 0 2 −R1+R3 1 7 0 2 − R2 1 7 0 2
6
[ 1 1 2 |2]=→ [ 0 −6 2 |0] =→ [ 0 −6 2 |0 ] = → [ 0 1 −1/3 | 0 ]
1 2 1 5 1 2 1 5 0 −5 1 3 0 −5 1 3

1 0 7/3 2 3
−7R2 + R1
1 0 7/3 2 5R2+R3 − R3 1 0 7/3 2
2
=→ [0 1 −1/3 | 0 ] = → [0 1 −1/3 | 0 ] = → [0 1 −1/3 | 0 ]
0 −5 1 3 0 0 −2/3 3 0 0 1 −9/2
1 2 7
R3+R2 1 0 7/3 − R3+R1 1 0 0 12.5
3 3
=→ [0 1 0 | −3/2 ] = → [0 1 0 | −1.5 ]
0 0 1 −9/2 0 0 1 −4.5
𝑥 1 0 0 12.5
[ 𝑦 ]=[0 1 0 | −1.5 ]
𝑧 0 0 1 −4.5
𝑥 = 12.5, 𝑦 = −1.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧 = −4.5

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13. Find the inverse of the following matrices.

4 0 0 0 3 0 2 9 13 8
0 0 2 0]
a. [ 𝐛. [ 2 4 −2 ] 𝐜. [10 7 9]
0 1 2 0
1 0 0 1 0 1 1 11 9 10

Solution
4 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
𝐚. [
0 0 2 0]=[0 0 2 0 | 0 1 0 0]
0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,

4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0
R1
0 0 2 0| 0 1 0 0] = 4→ 0 0 2 0| 0 1 0 0] = −R1+R4 0 0 2 0 | 0 1 0 0]
[ [ → [
0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 −1/4 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0
R3+R2 0 1 4 0| 0 1 1 0] = −R2+R3 0 1 4 0| 0 1 1 0]
= → [ → [
0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 −2 0 0 −1 0 0
0 0 0 1 −1/4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 −1/4 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1/4 0 0 0
− R3
2R3+R2 0 1 0 0| 0 −1 1 0] = → 2 0 1 0 0| 0 −1 1 0]
=→ [ [
0 0 −2 0 0 −1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1/2 0 0
0 0 0 1 −1/4 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 −1/4 0 0 1

4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0
⇒[
0 0 2 0]=[0 1 0 0| 0 −1 1 0]
0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0.5 0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 −0.25 0 0 1

4 0 0 0 0.25 0 0 0
0 0 2 0 ] is therefore [ 0 −1 1 0]
The inverse of [
0 1 2 0 0 0.5 0 0
1 0 0 1 −0.25 0 0 1

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 3 0 2 3 0 2 1 0 0
𝐛. [ 2 4 −2 ] = [ 2 4 −2 | 0 1 0]
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1

Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,

1
3 0 2 1 0 0 R1 1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0 −2R1 + R2
1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0
3
[ 2 4 −2 | 0 1 0 ] = → [ 2 4 −2 | 0 1 0 ] = → [ 0 |
4 −10/3 −2/3 1 0]
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0
R1 1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0 −R2+R3
4
= → [0 1 −5/6 | −1/6 1/4 0]=→ [0 1 −5/6 | −1/6 1/4 0]
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 11/6 1/6 −1/4 1

6 5
R3 1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0 R3+R2 1 0 2/3 1/3 0 0
11 6
= → [0 1 −5/6| −1/6 1/4 0 ]=→ [0 1 0 | −1/11 3/22 5/11]
0 0 1 1/11 −3/22 6/11 0 0 1 1/11 −3/22 6/11

2
− R3+R1 1 0 0 3/11 1/11 −4/11
3
= → [0 1 0 | −1/11 3/22 5/11 ]
0 0 1 1/11 −3/22 6/11

3 0 2 1 0 0 3/11 1/11 −4/11

⇒ [ 2 4 −2 ] = [ 0 1 0 | −1/11 3/22 5/11 ]
0 1 1 0 0 1 1/11 −3/22 6/11

3 0 2 3/11 1/11 −4/11

The inverse of [ 2 4 −2 ] is therefore [−1/11 3/22 5/11 ]
0 1 1 1/11 −3/22 6/11

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 9 13 8 9 13 8 1 0 0
𝐜. [10 7 9 ] = [10 7 9 |0 1 0]
11 9 10 11 9 10 0 0 1
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,

1
9 13 8 1 0 0 R1 1 13/9 8/9 1/9 0 0 −10R1+R2
1 13/9 8/9 1/9 0 0
9
[10 7 9 |0 1 0 ] = → [10 7 9 | 0 1 0] = → [ 0 −67/9 1/9 | −10/9 1 0]
11 9 10 0 0 1 11 9 10 0 0 1 11 9 10 0 0 1

1 13/9 8/9 1/9 0 0 9

−11R1+R3 − R1 1 13/9 8/9 1/9 0 0
67
= → [0 −67/9 1/9 | −10/9 1 0] = → [0 1 −1/67 | 10/67 −9/67 0]
0 −62/9 2/9 −11/9 0 1 0 −62/9 2/9 −11/9 0 1

13 1 0 61/67 −7/67 13/67 0 62

− R2+R1 R2+R3 1 0 61/67 −7/67 13/67 0
9 9
= → [0 1 −1/67 | 10/67 −9/67 0] = → [0 1 −1/67 | 10/67 −9/67 0]
0 −62/9 2/9 −11/9 0 1 0 0 8/67 −13/67 −62/67 1

67 1
R3 1 0 61/67 −7/67 13/67 0 R3+R2 1 0 61/67 −7/67 13/67 0
8 67
= → [0 1 −1/67 | 10/67 −9/67 0 ]=→ [0 1 0 | 1/8 −1/4 1/8 ]
0 0 1 −13/8 −31/4 67/8 0 0 1 −13/8 −31/4 67/8

61 11/8 29/4 −61/8

− R3+R1 1 0 0
67
=→ [0 1 0 | 1/8 −1/4 1/8]
0 0 1 −13/8 −31/4 67/8

9 13 8 1 0 0 11/8 29/4 −61/8

⇒ [10 7 9 ] = [0 1 0 | 1/8 −1/4 1/8]
11 9 10 0 0 1 −13/8 −31/4 67/8

9 13 8 11/8 29/4 −61/8

The inverse of [10 7 9 ] is therefore [ 1/8 −1/4 1/8 ]
11 9 10 −13/8 −31/4 67/8

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14. An investment firm offers three stock portfolios A, B and C. there exists 6 blocks of high risk,
3 moderate risk and 1 low risk stocks in portfolio A. in portfolio B, there are 2 blocks of moderate
risks, 5 blocks of low risk and a single block of high-risk stocks. In portfolio C, there are 3 blocks
each of high, medium and low risk stocks. A client wants to have 35 blocks of high-risk stock, 22
blocks of medium risk and 18 blocks of low-risk stock, how many of each portfolio should he
purchase?
Solution

RISKS STOCK PORTFOLIOS

A B C TOTAL

Low 1 5 3 18
Moderate 3 2 3 22

High 6 1 3 35

A + 5B + 3C = 18
3A + 2B + 3C = 22
6A + B + 3C = 35

1 5 3 A 18
[ 3 2 3 ] [ B ] = [ 22 ]
6 1 3 C 35
A 1 5 3 18
[ B ]=[ 3 2 3| 22 ]
C 6 1 3 35
Using Gauss Jordon elementary row operations,
1
1 5 3 18 −3R1+R2 1 5 3 18 −6R1+R3 1 5 3 18 − R2 1 5 3 18
13
[3 2 3| 22] = → [0 −13 −6 | −32 ] = → [ 0 −13 −6 | −32 ] = → [ 0 1 6/13 | 32/13 ]
6 1 3 35 6 1 3 35 0 −29 −15 −73 0 −29 −15 −73

1 0 9/13 74/13 13
− 5R2+R1
1 0 9/13 74/13 29R2+R3 R3 1 0 9/13 74/13
21
=→ [0 1 6/13| 32/13 ] = → [0 1 6/13 | 32/13 ] = → [0 1 6/13| 32/13 ]
0 −29 −15 −73 0 0 21/13 21/13 0 0 1 1
6 9
− R3+R2 1 0 9/13 74/13 − R3+ R1 1 0 0 5
13 13
=→ [0 1 0 | 2 ]=→ [0 1 0 |2]
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
A = 5, B = 2 and C = 1
The investment firm therefore should purchase 5, 2 and 1 stock(s) of portfolio A, B and C respectively.

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15. A health spa customises the diet and vitamin supplements of each of its clients. The spa offers
three different food supplements, each containing different percentages of the recommended daily
allowance of vitamins A, C and D. One tablet of supplement X provides 40% of vitamin A, 20%
of vitamin C and 10% of vitamin D. A tablet of supplement Y provides 10% of vitamin A, 30% of
vitamin D. A tablet of supplement Z provides 10% of vitamin A, 50% of vitamin C and 20% of
vitamin D. The spa determines that a client must take 180% of the daily requirement of vitamin A,
200% of the daily requirement of vitamin C and 190% of the daily requirement of vitamin D each
day. How many tablets of each supplement must be taken each day?

Solution

NUTRIENTS FOOD SUPPLEMENT

X Y Z TOTAL

Vitamin A 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.8

Vitamin C 0,2 0 0.5 2

Vitamin D 0.1 0.3 0.2 1.9

16. A cereal Company makes a cereal from several ingredients. Two of the ingredients, oats and
rice, provide vitamins A and B. The company wants to know how many ounces of oats and rice it
should include in each box of cereal to meet the requirements of 48 milligrams of vitamin A and
12 milligrams of vitamin B. An ounce of oats contributes 8 milligrams of vitamin A and 1
milligram vitamin B, whereas an ounce of rice contributes 6 milligrams of A and 2 milligrams of
B.

Solution
Let x and y represent the number of ounces of oats and rice respectively.

NUTRIENTS INGREDIENTS

OATS(X) RICE(Y) TOTAL

Vitamin A 8 6 48

Vitamin B 1 2 12

8x + 6y = 48
x + 2y = 12

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17. A dietician can purchase food of three different types: Type A, type B and type C. each food
supplement type comes in the same size bag. For one bag of type A it contains 5mg of Nutrient
one, 10mg of nutrient two and 5mg of nutrient three. For a bag of type B, it contains 5mg each of
Nutrient one and Nutrient two and 10mg of nutrient three. Type C contains 10mg of nutrient one,
60mg of nutrient two and 30mg of nutrient three. For a particular patient, the dietician determines
that she needs to combine the bags of food supplement to get 1.2g of Nutrient A, 2.0g of nutrient
B and 2.2g of nutrient C. how many bags of food supplement of types A, B and C should she
purchase?
Solution

NUTRIENTS FOOD TYPE

A B C TOTAL

One 5 5 10 1200

Two 10 5 60 2000

Three 5 10 30 2200

5A + 5B + 10C = 1200
10A + 5B + 60C = 2000
5A + 10B + 10C = 2200

18. A manufacturer produces two types of products X and Y. Each product is first processed in a
machine M1 and sent to another machine M2 for finishing. Each unit of X requires 20 minutes in
M1 and 10 minutes on M2 while the corresponding time for Y are 10 minutes on M1 and 20mins
on M2. The total time available on each machine is 600 minutes. Calculate the number of units of
X and Y produced by constructing a matrix equation of the form AX=B

Solution
MACHINE PRODUCTS

X Y TOTAL

M1 20 10 600

M2 10 2O 600

20X + 10Y = 600

10X + 20Y = 600

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19. A manufacturer produces three products: A, B and C. the profits for each unit of A, B and C
sold are GHS 1, GHS 2 and GHS3 respectively. The fixed cost is GHS 17000 per year and the cost
for producing each unit of A, B and C are GHS 4, GHS 5 and GHS7 respectively. Next year a total
of 11000 units of all three products is to be produced and sold and a total profit of 25000 is to be
realized. If total cost is to be GHS 80000, how many units of each of the products should be
produced next year?

Solution

A + B + C = 11000
A + 2B + 3C = 25000 … … … … … … … … … Profit function
17000 + 4A + 5B + 7C = 80000 … … … … . … … … … . cost funtion

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