General Chemistry- Grade 11

Learner Activity Sheets

Quarter 3-Week 2: Phase Diagrams of Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency
or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (e.g. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this activity sheets are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort
has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Development Team of Learner’s Activity Sheets

Writer Rexjhan A. Capuyan

Editors: Kevin Hope Z. Salvaña

Regional Team Tita Anunciado
Virnalisi Mindaña, Ed.D
Jesusa C. Olayan
Emely Tragua

Division Team Jane C. Basul

Delia P. Alcantara
Edgardo Tupas
Jesusa C. Olayan
Lilibeth S. Apat

Management Team Romeo O. Approvechar, PhD, CESO IV, Schools Division

Superintendent
Love Emma B. Sudarion, Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Rayfrocina Abao, CID Chief
Jane C. Basul, EPS - Science
Bernie Pamplona, LRMDS Manager - OIC
Junel M. Anino, Librarian II
Bernie Pamplona, PDO II

Printed in the Philippines by:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Office Address: Montilla Blvd., Butuan City, Agusan del Norte
Telephone Number: (085) 342 1804
E-mail Address: https://caraga.deped.gov.ph/
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 11 Quarter 3 Week 2

Phase Diagrams of Water (H2O) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Interpret the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide (STEM_GC11MFIIIa-c107)

Learning Objectives:
After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:
1. describe the components/ features of a phase diagram;
2. describe how changes in temperature and pressure can change
the state of matter;
3. analyze the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide;
4. interpret phase diagrams of pure substances to determine their phase at the given
temperature and pressure; and
5. construct a phase equilibria of a substance through a phase diagram
from the data given.
Time Allotment: 2 hours

Key Concepts

Have you ever wonder how temperature and pressure can influence the identity of a sample matter,
how matter changes from one phase to the other, and what limiting conditions will solid, liquid,
and gas be considered. In this lesson, you will uncover and learn about the phase equilibria
through phase diagrams of substances, like water and carbon dioxide.

Unlocking of Terms:

❖ Phase Diagram- a graphical plot that indicates the summary of the physical state
movement between pressure and temperature in a closed system concerning phase
changes of a substance.
❖ Plateau- a graphic representation that shows a stable period.
❖ Pressure- Force per unit area; expressed in many units, such as millimeters of mercury (mm
Hg), atmosphere (atm.), pound per inches squared (lb/in 2), torr, Pascal.
❖ Heat- is the resulting flow of energy from the movement of particles, ions, atoms, or
molecules in solids, liquids, and gases.
❖ Temperature- a measure of the intensity of heat or of how hot or cold a system is.
❖ Equilibrium- a term coined to describe a dynamic state in which two or more opposing
processes are taking place simultaneously at the same rate.
❖ Triple Point- a point or location where three phases (solid, liquid, gas) of matter can coexist.
❖ Critical Point- a point or location where temperature and pressure record the highest rate
with signifying phase boundary between gas and liquid.
Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan
School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
1
What’s in the Phase Diagram?
A phase diagram consists of discrete areas that signify the different phases exhibited
by a substance (Figure 1). Each of the regions corresponds to a range of combinations of
Temperature and Pressure over which that phase is stable.

A. Features of Phase Diagram

http://chem.libretext.org

Figure1. SEQ
Figure PhaseFigure \* ARABIC
Diagrams 1. Phaseshowing
of a substance Diagrams of aLiquid,
Solid, substance
and Gas
showing Solid, Liquid, and Gas
1. Three Regions (Solid, Liquid, Gas)
▪ Solid Region –the combination of high pressure and low temperature, only a
solid is stable (( ) upper left of Fig. 1) (a liquid or gas would spontaneously
convert to a solid).
▪ Liquid Region – the combination of high temperature and high pressure,
only a liquid is stable, but when it exceeds the critical point, a supercritical
fluid exists. (( ) upper right of Fig. 1), (a solid would spontaneously melt
and gas condense).
▪ Gaseous Region – the range of combinations of high temperature and low
pressure, the only vapor is stable (( ) lower right of Fig. 1) (solids and
liquids would spontaneously convert to a gas (vapor)).

2. Three Curves
▪ Solid/Gas Two-Phase Line (a line connecting point C to A) - both solid and
gas can coexist in equilibrium at these range of Temperature & Pressure;
adding heat causes sublimation (solid gas; e.g. dry ice), removing it causes
deposition (gas solid; e.g. frosting)
▪ Solid/Liquid Two-Phase Line (line connecting point A to D) - both solid and
liquid can coexist in equilibrium at these range of Temperature & Pressure;
adding heat causes melting (solidliquid), removing it causes freezing
(liquidsolid)
▪ Liquid/Gas Two-Phase Line (line connecting point A to B) - both liquid and
gas can coexist in equilibrium at this range of Temperature & Pressure;
adding heat causes vaporization (liquidgas), removing it causes
condensation (gasliquid).

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
2
 3. Two Important Points

http://courses.lumenlearning.com
Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2. The two important
Figure 2. The two important points of Phase Diagram
points of Phase Diagram
3.1 Triple Point
● Triple Point (point A) - the pressure and temperature at which all three
phases can coexist where no energy is added or diminished. The triple
point is the exact point that can be reproduced in the laboratory. With
this, the SI unit of temperature, the Kelvin, is defined as 1/273.16, the
triple temperature of water (P= 0.0060373 atm., T=273.16 K).
● It also represents the lowest pressure at which a liquid phase can exist
in equilibrium with solid or vapor.
● At P < 0.00604 atm., ice will not melt into a liquid form as the
temperature increases; the ice will directly sublime to water vapor.

3.2 Critical Point

● Critical Point (point B) – a location where the phase boundary between
a gas and a liquid exists having the highest pressure and temperature.
Highest boiling point, nonvolatile liquids have high critical
temperature and vice versa (see. Figure 3, below)

Substances TC (0C) PC (atm)

He Helium -267.96 2.27
N2 Nitrogen (diatomic) -146.9 33.9
CH4 Methane -82.6 46.0
CH3CH2OH Ethanol 240.9 61.4
CO2 Carbon dioxide 31.0 73.8
NH3 Ammonia 132.4 113.5
H 2O Water 374 217.7
Hg Mercury* 1477 1587
http://chem.libretext.org

Figure 3. Critical Point of some simple substances

Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3. Critical Point of some
● Mercury (Hg; liquid at simple
room substances
temp.) is considered a “thermometric
liquid” because of its high coefficient of expansion due to high
temperature that is suitable for measuring high temperatures.

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
3
II. Phase Diagram of Water (H20)

almost vertical

http://chem.libretext.org
(A) (B)
Figure 4. Phase Diagram of Water

Graph A has a linear temperature and pressure, the boundary between the ice and
liquid water is almost vertical. While Graph B, with an expanded scale, signifies the decrease
in melting point, corresponds with an increase in pressure. The Triple point of water is
within the limit of 0.010C and 0.00604 atm. (4.58 torr), which indicates that ICE will melt
(solid to liquid) at P > 0.00604 atm.; and sublime (solid to gas) at P < 0.00604 atm.
The water reaches the critical point at 373.99 0C, having a pressure of 217.7 atm.

● Freeze-drying of food will excellently be accomplished by placing frozen goods in a low-

pressure chamber (below 0.00604 atm.), so that ice will sublime.

III. Phase Diagram of Carbon dioxide (CO2)

http://chem.libretext.org
Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 5.Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide
Figure 5.Phase Diagram of Carbon Dioxide

This graph indicates that it has a more typical melting curve, sloping up and to the
right. The triple point of Carbon dioxide is within the limit of −56.6°C (T) and 5.11 atm.
(P), which means that CO2 in a liquid state cannot exist if P < 5.11 atm. Consequently,
solid CO2 (dry ice) does not melt but sublimes at 1 atm. Thus, it has no normal melting
point but a normal sublimation point at -78.5 °C. The critical point of CO2 is within the
range of 30.98 0C (T) and 72.79 atm.

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
4
 Activity 1. Let’s PHASE it!

Learning Objectives:
1. Describe the components/ features of a phase diagram;
2. Analyze the phase diagram of water and carbon dioxide; and
3. Interpret phase diagrams of pure substances to determine their phase at the given
temperature and pressure.

What you need: Pen, ruler, marker

Part I. Phase Diagram Analysis

Direction: Use the phase diagram of water to complete the table below and answer the guide
question as follows.
Phase Diagram of Water
Phase Diagram of Water (H20)

Temperature (0C) Pressure (atm.) Phase

150 1 (1)________________
-1.5 1 (2)________________
-0.5 100 (3________________
-2 0.001 (4)________________
30 0.8 (5)________________
0.00 < T < ____ (6) 1 Liquid
200 P< ___ (7) Vapor

Guide Question:

1. What is the critical temperature of water? _________________________________________________

2. At what temperature will a triple point occur for water? _____________________________________
3. How will the pressure lesser than 0.00604 atm. at normal boiling point influence the phase
change of the water? _________________________________________________________________________
4. Will phase change happens to water at 1 atm. as the temperature rises from –15°C to
60°C?Support your answer. ___________________________________________________________________
5. Describe the phase of ice and water vapor in terms of the function of temperature and
pressure. _____________________________________________________________________________________

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
5
Part II. Open-response
Direction: Using the phase diagram of carbon dioxide, describe the following conditions as
stated below.

Phase Diagram of Carbon dioxide

Guide Question:
What happens when the following changes are made in a CO 2 sample, which initially records
at 1 atm. and -60°C?

(a) Pressure increases at a constant temperature to 80 atm.

________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Temperature increases from -60°C to -18°C at constant 80 atm. pressure.

________________________________________________________________________________

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Activity 2.The PHASE-craft!

Learning Objectives:
1. Describe how changes in temperature and pressure can change the state of
matter; and
2. Construct a phase equilibria of a substance through a phase diagram from the
data.

What you need: Graphing paper, marker, ruler, and colored pen

What to do: Construct the phase diagram for a substance on your graphing paper based on
the following data: (It need not be scaled)

T (0K) P (atm.)
Triple point 55 K 0.50 atm.
Normal melting point 68 K 1 atm.
Normal boiling point 183 K 1 atm.
Critical point 218 K 50 atm.
*Label: S (solid), L (liquid), G (gas)
*Curves/Lines of equilibrium between solid-gas, liquid-gas, and solid-liquid.

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
6
 Phase Diagram of a Substance

Temperature (K)
Pressure (atm.)

Guide Question:
1. What phase change will occur if this substance is slowly compressed at a constant
temperature from 0.5 atm to 45 atm.? Please refer to the phase diagram you have created.
Pressure (atm.) 0.5 atm. 45 atm. Observation on
Temperature (K) Phase Changes
ex. 30 K Solid Solid No change
a. 60 K
b. 120 K
c. 400 K

2. What are the necessary conditions for this material to sublime? How are these conditions

affect to the phase change?_______________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan

School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
7
Rubrics for Scoring
*(DO NOT ANSWER the boxes below; For Teacher use only)

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
The neatness All straight All straight Most straight Many lines,
of Color and lines are ruler- lines are ruler- lines are ruler- corrections of
Lines drawn, all drawn, most drawn, most errors, and/or
errors have errors have errors have features are not
been neatly been neatly been neatly neatly done.
corrected and corrected and corrected and
all features are most features most features
colored are colored are colored
completely. completely. completely.
Labels - At least 90% of 80-89% of the 79-70% of the Less than 70%
Accuracy the items are items are items are of the items are
labeled and labeled and labeled and labeled and
located located located located
correctly. correctly. correctly. correctly.

Labels & 90-100% of the 89-80% of the 79-70% of the Less than 70%
Features - labels/features labels/features labels/features of the
Neatness can be read can be read can be read labels/features
easily. easily. easily. can be read
easily.
http://rubistar.4teachers.org/index.php?screen=CustomizeTemplateDemoChoice&

Category Points Earned Remarks

The neatness of Color and
Lines
Labels- Accuracy

Labels & Features-

Neatness
Total

Reflection:

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly on a separate sheet of paper.

1. How an increase in surface temperature affects the environment, and how these changes
contribute to the current climate that we are facing?

2. Why carbonated drink or soda has more biting-taste when stored in the refrigerator? How
will carbon dioxide influence the taste and our health?

Rubrics:
3 – Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts and has no misconception.
2 - Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts but with minimal misconception.
1 – Explanation is consistent with the concepts but with misconceptions.
0 - No discussion.
Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan
School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
8
References for learners:

Ilao, Luciana V. et.al, (2017). General Chemistry 2. Manila, Philippines. Rex Bookstore.
Chapter 4 pp. 34-35.

De Borja, et.al (2016). General Chemistry 2. Manila, Philippines. Vibal Publishing.

Chapter 1 pp. 17-19.

Unknown Author. Open-textbook. BCCampus under Rice University. Accessed on

January 14, 2021, Retrieved from; https://opentextbc.ca/chemistry/chapter/10-4-
phase-diagrams/

Bodner Research Web. PDF. Accessed on January 14, 2021, Retrieved from;
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch14/phase.php

Unknown Author. PDF. Accessed on January 14, 2021, Retrieved from;

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook
_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physical_Properti
es_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Phase_Transitions/Phase_Diagrams

Unknown Author. Microsoft Word, Accessed on January 14, 2021, Retrieved from;
https://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/3311/3391416/blb1106.html

Answers Key: (b) CO2(s) CO2(l)

Triple point pressure.
will expand more at a much lower (a) CO2 (g)CO2(s);
undergoing liquid phase. Particles
turn from solid to gas, without Part II.
conditions, materials will eventually lower P.
2. P< 0.5 atm, T< 55K: With these while water vapor needs greater T at
d. GG (No change of phase) 5. Ice has less T with greater P,
c. GL (Condensation) (water)
b. GS (Deposition) 4. Yes, Solid (ice)Liquid
1. a. SS (No change of phase) expansion of water particles.
pressure will allow much
Guide Q: from liquid gas since less
water will change its phase
3. With P < 0.00604 atm, the
2. 0.010C
1. 373.99 0C
Guide Q.
7. 0.00604 atm (4.58 torr)
6. 1000C
5. Liquid
4. Vapor (Gas)
3. Liquid
Sample Phase Diagram with labels
2. Solid
I. Students answer may vary
Part I. 1. Vapor (Gas)
Activity 2: The PHASE-craft
Activity 1: Let’s PHASE it!
Author: Rexjhan A. Capuyan
School/Station: Manoligao National High School/Carmen 1
Division: Agusan del Norte
E-mail Address: rexjhan.capuyan@deped.gov.ph
9