Carbon and its Compounds(Answer Key)
Question.1 Give the names of the following functional groups:
(i) —OH (ii) —COOH
Answer. (i) Alcohol group (ii) Carboxylic acid group
Question.2 What is the difference in the molecular formula of any two
consecutive members of a homologous series of organic compounds?
Answer. —CH2— is the difference in the molecular formula of any two consecutive
members of a homologous series of organic compounds.
Question.3
(a) Give a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
(b) (i) Name the products formed when ethanol burns in air. ‘
(ii) What two forms of energy are liberated on burning alcohol?
(c) Why is the reaction between methane and chlorine considered a
substitution
reaction?
Answer.
Question.4
(a) Why are covalent compounds generally poor conductors of electricity?
(b) Name the following compound:
(c) Name the gas evolved when ethanoic acid is added to sodium carbonate.
How would you prove the presence of this gas?
Answer.
Question.5 Name the carbon compound which on heating with excess of
concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K gives ethene.
Answer.
Question.6 What is meant by a saturated hydrocarbon?
Answer. Those hydrocarbons in which valency of carbon is satisfied by single
bonds only are called saturated hydrocarbons.
Question.7 Name the compound formed when ethanol is warmed with ethanoic
acid in the
presence of a few drops of cone.H2S04
Answer.
Question.8 Draw the structure of CH3COOH molecule.
Answer.
Question.9 Draw the structure of ethanol molecule.
Answer.
Question.10 What happens when a small piece of sodium is dropped into
ethanol?
Answer. Hydrogen gas will be evolved.
Question.11 What is meant by a functional group in an organic compound?
Name the functional group present in
(i) CH3CH2OH
(ii) CH3COOH
(b) State one point of difference between soap and synthetic detergent.
Answer.
(a) Functional group is an atom or group of atoms or reactive part of compound,
which determines chemical properties of compounds.
(i) —OH (Alcohol)
(ii) —COOH (Carboxylic acid)
(b) Soaps do not work well with hard water, detergents work well with hard water.
Question.12 Give reasons for the following observations:
(a) The element carbon forms a very large number of compounds.
(b) Air holes of a gas burner have to be adjusted when the heated vessels get
blackened by the flame.
(c) Use of synthetic detergents causes pollution of water.
Answer.
(a) Carbon forms large number of compounds since carbon is small in size and can
form stable covalent bonds (catenation) and it shows tetravalency.
(b) Air holes of gas burner are made open (adjusted) so that air can pass through,
which is needed for complete combustion, so that heated vessels do not get
blackened.
(c) Some synthetic detergents are non-biodegradable, therefore, cause pollution of
water.
Question.13 What is ethanoic acid? Write the formula of the functional group
present in this acid.
What special name is given to its 5 – 8% solution in water? How does ethanoic
acid react with sodium carbonate? Write a chemical equation of the reaction
and common name of the salt produced.
Answer.
Question.14 State two characteristic features of carbon which when put
together give rise to large
number of carbon compounds.
Answer. (i) Catenation (ii) Tetravalency of carbon
Question.15 Write the structural formula of chloroethane.
Answer.
Question.16 Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound
having its name suffixed with ‘-ol and having two carbon atoms in the
molecule. With the help of a
balanced chemical equation indicate what happens when it is heated with
excess of r cone.H2S04.
Answer.
Question.17 Write the names and molecular formula of two organic
compounds having functional r group suffixed as ‘-oic acid’. With the help of a
balanced chemical equation and explain what happens when any one of them
reacts with sodium hydroxide.
Answer.
Question.18 What is a homologous series? Which two of the following organic
compounds belong
to the same homologous?
CH3 ,C2H6, C2H6O, C2H6O2,CH4O
Answer.
Question.19 Name the functional group of organic compounds that can be
hydrogenated. With the help of suitable example explain the process of
hydrogenation mentioning the conditions of the reaction and any one change
in physical property with the formation of the product. Name any one natural
source of organic compounds that are hydrogenated.
Answer.
When unsaturated hydrocarbons are heated with hydrogen in the presence of nickel
as catalyst, saturated hydrocarbons are formed. If the starting unsaturated
hydrocarbons are liquids, they will change into solids. Vegetable oils are
hydrogenated to form vegetable ghee. Plants are natural sources of vegetable oils
which can be hydrogenated.
Question.20 An ester has the molecular formula C4H8O2. Write its structural
formula. What happens when this ester is heated in the presence of sodium
hydroxide solution? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and
name the products. What is a saponification reaction?
Answer.
