Introduction To Computer
Introduction To Computer
Much of the world today has became an information society. Information society
refers to a group of people such as a city or country, in which information is rapidly created,
processed and shared. This means that information can now be encoded or changed into a
form that machines can “understand”. And it can be processed or analyzed or computed and
transmitted (sent) to others in lesser time. This culture of an information society is made
possible by a wonderful machine called computer.
Do you know what a computer is? Have you seen or used one before? Do you know
what computers can do? Do you know how they help people to do things they could not do?
If you have thought of these questions before, then this module is for you!
In this module, you will learn what a computer is and what it can do. You will learn what
computer systems are and the role that they play in today’s society. Not too long ago, only
computer professionals used computers. Today, computers are for everyone. That includes
you! In only about 15 years, computers have become an important tool in almost any career
or occupation. To become an effective participant in the emerging information society, you
need to know what a computer can do. And you need to know how to use it. In other words,
you should be computer literate. This module aims to help you become one.
It is composed of two lessons.
Lesson 1 — Computers: Machines That Make Work More Efficient
Lesson 2 — The Role of Computers in Today’s Society
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Let’s See What You Already Know
Before studying this module, take this simple test to determine what you already know
about the topics covered.
A. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is a computer?
a. An electronic device capable of interpreting and executing
programmed commands
b. A machine used for counting
c. A device used for making books
d. A machine for teaching how to print.
2. What is not a fundamental component of a computer system?
a. Input
b. Output
c. Data
d. Processing
e. Storage
3. What is computer hardware?
a. The electronic machine/equipment that does the computer’s work
b. Where computers are sold
c. A place where computers are repaired
d. A computer damage
4. What is a computer software?
a. A device for cleaning a computer
b. A covering for a computer
c. A set of programmed commands that a computer interprets and executes
d. A book about how computer work
5. The intelligence of a computer is found in its…
a. Input
b. Output
c. Processor
d. Storage
6. Fuel is to a car, as is to a computer.
a. Processor
b. Storage
c. Data
d. Wires
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7. What is a millisecond?
a. One hundredth of a second
b. One thousandth of a second
c. One millionth of a second
d. One billionth of a second
8. What is an e-mail?
a. Electrical mail
b. Electronic mail
c. Emergency mail
d. Early mail
9. What device is traditionally thought of as the first ever computer?
a. Calculator
b. Abacus
c. Steam engine
d. Maps
10. What is a main frame computer?
a. A computer that comes with a frame
b. A small computer
c. A computer that can process information from several computers
d. A new computer
B. Name the parts of a computer found in the illustration below. Write the name
on the blank beside each part.
CPU
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C. Name the six properties or characteristics of a computer.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
D. Name the eight areas in which computers are used.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Well, how was it? Do you think you fared well? Compare your answers with those in the
Answer Key on pages 35–36 to find out.
If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already know much
about the topics in this module. You may still study the module to review what you already
know. Who knows, you might learn a few more new things as well.
If you got a low score, don’t feel bad. This just means that this module is for you. It will
help you understand some important concepts that you can apply in your daily life. If you study
this module carefully, you will learn the answers to all the items in the test and a lot more! Are
you ready?
You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 1.
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LESSON 1
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The illustration on page 3 shows what a personal computer (PC) looks like. Also
known as a desktop computer, the PC is the most popular form of computer. Some
computers are now even smaller than this. The smaller version of a personal computer is
called laptop computer.
Study the illustration of a laptop computer on the next page.
Do you know why this is called a laptop computer? If you answered that you can place it
on your lap, you are correct. The laptop may be smaller than a personal computer but it can do
everything that a PC can.
Let’s Read
What is a computer? How does it work? Read on and find out.
Uncovering the Mystery of Computers
Technically speaking, a computer is any counting device. To compute means to count
and solve number problems. Have you seen or used a calculator before? A calculator is a
small machine used to solve faster and easier number problems such as 5,468 X 456 +
1,987. If you try to solve the above math problem manually (by hand and without the
assistance of computing devices), it may take a long time. Get a calculator and solve the
given problem. Were you able to get the answer, 2,495,395, faster and easier? If you did,
just imagine what a computer can do. It is a more powerful computing device than a
calculator.
A computer is an electronic device that can of interpret and execute (do)
programmed commands. What do you think of this definition? It’s a rather complicated
one, isn’t it? Let us make this definition easier to understand by breaking it into smaller
parts.
A computer is an electronic device.
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An electronic device is run by electricity. Do you have electronic devices at home?
Can you name some of them?
1.
2.
3.
Electrical appliances such as television sets, radios and electric fans are run by electricity.
And so is a computer. This means that without electricity or other power sources such as
batteries, computers will not work.
A computer can interpret and execute (do) programmed commands.
How can a computer execute programmed commands? Programmed commands are
data or information found in a computer’s memory. They are sets of instructions that
computers efficiently follow or carry out at very high speeds.
To understand better how computers work, let’s study the parts of a personal computer.
It would be better if you go to a place like a business or government office where you can
find a PC. Try to identify its parts as you read this part of the lesson. If that is not possible,
study the illustration of a computer below. Note that its important parts are labeled.
Printer (output)
Monitor
Keyboard (input)
Diskette
The parts of a computer system can be classified into four groups: input, processor,
storage and output.
How do the parts in each group function? On the next pages, you will get to know
more about the importance of each part.
Input
Input refers to the parts through which information is received by the computer. When
you input data or information, it is encoded (translated) into something that a computer can
“understand”. Read more about the parts that are used to input data or information to the
computer.
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a. Keyboard — The keyboard is used to
encode (input) information that the
computer can “understand”. A computer
user must know how to type data or
information using the keyboard. We use
a typewriter to write data or information
on paper. In a computer, the data goes
inside the computer to be processed
instead of paper.
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Processing something means that you do something about the data or information that you
receive. The processor of a computer is the brain of the computer. It computes and organizes
data. It “thinks” for the computer since this is where commands are carried out. When you
lend your book to a friend to read, he/she will use a processor (her brain) to read and
understand that book.
After reading, he/she has to remember what he/she has read. He/she stores the
processed data or information in her memory to use later on. The storage parts of a
computer serve as the computer’s memory.
Why is storage important? What will happen if you cannot remember what you have
learned? It would be difficult for you to answer questions or do a lot of things, wouldn’t it?
A computer, like the human brain, can process and store data in its memory.
Study the processor and storage parts of a computer below. They are discussed
together because they are found inside the Central Processing Unit or CPU of the
computer.
1
programmed commands on data or
information. A processor’s speed
determines how fast information is
computed or processed. It cannot be seen
from the outside.
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Output
How does one know that the computer has processed the data or information correctly?
Checking the output of the computer does this. The output parts are the parts where processed
information is given back by a computer to its user.
Study what these parts are. Read on.
There are of course other parts of a personal computer but these are the most important
ones. Go back to the illustration on pages 8–11 to review the parts of a computer. At the
back of the computer unit is a series of wires and cables that connect one part of the computer
system another. These cables must be properly connected to make the computer work well.
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Do you remember the four groupings of the parts of a computer? They composed of
what is known as a computer system. The input, processor, storage and output parts work
together to make computer systems work more efficiently.
The actual computer is the processor found inside the CPU. It is the brain or
intelligence of the computer system. However, it has been a common practice to call
computer systems simply as computers.
Let’s Review
Answer the questions below.
1. In what ways a computer system is like a human being?
Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 37.
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Let’s Study and Analyze This
How can a computer make work easier and faster? Read on and find out?
Mrs. Gonzales is a barangay health worker. She orders medicines for the health center,
then she records the medicines given to patients. Each patient has his/her own records. At the
start, Mrs. Gonzales had to keep records manually using a logbook. The barangay council
provided her a computer set to help her with her work. The computer has a program that
enables Mrs.
Gonzales to keep track of the records of patients. It also monitors the number of medicines
still available at the end of each week.
Using her computer set…
1. Mrs. Gonzales encodes or inputs (types into the computer) all the available
medicines in the clinic.
2. She also encodes the records of each patient every day including the
information on the medicines given to each patient.
3. The computer processes these data and stores them in its hard disk. A hard disk
is a device that stores data in the computer’s memory and is found inside the
computer.
4. Mrs. Gonzales can make copies of these data in a smaller storage device called
a floppy disk. So wherever she goes, she carries a copy of the data on
patients and medicines in that disk.
5. When patients come, she inputs their names and their records will show on the
computer’s screen. This is a temporary output. It is called a soft copy. When
the computer is turned off, the soft copy also disappears from the screen.
6. If she wants to make copies of the soft copy, Mrs. Gonzales prints them using a
printer. The copies of the soft copy on paper are called hard copies. She can
file them or give them to the patients.
7. She updates the records of the patients who consulted her. The data is stored
again in the computer’s hard disk. Whenever she needs the record of any patient,
she just inputs their names and their complete records appear (output).
8. The computer has a program that monitors medicines. The data on medicines
given each patient are automatically processed and the available medicines are
computed. Mrs. Gonzales can ask the computer for an update. The computer can
give her a summary of the available medicines any time (output). The computer
can tell her that a medicine is lacking. She can place her order immediately.
9. This makes her job easier because she doesn’t need to manually compute for
medicines anymore. She also has faster access to the complete records of each
patient who visits the health center.
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Study the illustration below. It summarizes how Mrs. Gonzales used a computer to
manage patients’ records easier and faster. The computer also helps her keep track of
medicines. It is a great help to her, isn’t it?
Mrs. Gonzales
Patient A
Patient B
Inputs Data on Computer (Patient Records and Medicine Inventory)
Patient C
For each patient: Patient Records are Updated and Medicine Inventory automatically updated
Output:
You have learned so far that computers help make handling of information better.
Computers are very useful. They can do computations, record keeping and other functions
that would usually require a lot of people to do.
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Can you think of other ways a computer could help you?
Imagine that you are a teacher. Every grading period, the grades of your students must be
computed. There are several quizzes, recitation scores and other class activities to consider. If
there are 50 students in your class, your work will be difficult. There is a lot of information
you need to process. If you have a computer and a program that can compute grades, you
just need to input the scores of each student. The computer will do the rest of the job. You
just have to wait for a few seconds to get a printout of their computed grades. The computer
can make charts or graphs based on the grades. It can be programmed to compute for class
averages and other information that you would need.
A computer can make a teacher of 50 students do his/her work faster and more
accurately.
Just imagine how useful a computer can be to a principal of a large school? How about a
company that handles millions of pesos in accounts? Can you imagine the amount of human
labor a computer can help save?
Can you think of other places or situations where computers can be useful?
Many establishments today, like government agencies, rely on the computers to handle
data processing. Banks, schools, hospitals and businesses use computers to make their work
faster and to reduce labor requirements (working people).
How can a computer be useful to you in college?
Do you think that human beings will soon be “useless” because of computers?
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Although computers make work faster and easier, human beings are still needed.
Remember that a computer still needs correct input to produce correct output. Do you know
what GIGO means? It stands for “Garbage In, garbage out”. This means that people who use
computers must know how to encode or input correct data. If a computer feed wrong
information, the result will be wrong.
People are the ones who “command” the computers to do the job they were designed or
programmed to do. Without these commands, computer’s still wouldn’t run. Input would still
be needed. Computers just help humans work faster and with lesser difficulty. But since
computers are commonly used nowadays, it is important that you know how to use one. A
computer literate or computer competent person has an advantage when looking for jobs.
Let’s Review
A. Name the parts of a computer that is classified into four groups.
1.
5.
2.
3. 4.
7.
6.
8.
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C. How do you define a computer?
Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on pages 37–38. Did you
get all your answers correct? That’s good if you did! If you didn’t, you may review this
lesson to find out the correct answers.
Let’s Remember
A computer is an electronic device that can interpret and execute
(do) programmed commands.
The parts of a computer system are divided into four groups: input,
processor, storage and output.
The parts of a computer are the keyboard, mouse, drives, CPU, processor,
hard disk, modem, screen or monitor, speaker and printer.
CD ROMs and floppy disks are portable or movable storage systems for data.
Computers still need people to make them work well. “Garbage in- garbage out”.
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LESSON 2
In Lesson 1 you learned what a computer is, the components of a computer system,
and how it works. You also learned the parts of a personal computer. In this lesson, you will
study what computer programs are and what they can do. You will also learn the properties or
characteristics of a computer and how computers are used in various fields in today’s
society.
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
define what a computer software is;
give examples of a computer program;
enumerate the properties or characteristics of a computer; and
describe the eight areas of computer use in society today .
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If you wrote the following: keyboard, mouse, drives, CPU, processor, hard disk,
modem, computer screen or monitor, speaker and printer, you are correct. These parts are
called computer hardware because they can be seen or touched. Computer hardware will not
function unless it contains information or data to process.
Searching: past
Input: Visual image
experiences
Sound of voice
Output: Words
Movement
Storage
(Memory)
Hi, Ana!
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Now, imagine Mang Caloy as a computer. When he was younger, he did not yet know
how to climb mountains. He had the hardware (his brain and body). But at that time, he still
did not have the programmed commands in his brain to help him climb mountains faster and
more safely. Because of this he studied. Mang Caloy studying how to climb mountains is like
you installing a computer software. It is a program that makes the computer do what you
want it to do, faster and more accurately. Like Mang Caloy’s experiences being stored in his
memory, software is also stored in the computer’s memory, usually the hard disk.
That part of the memory is not always activated or used. Mang Caloy does not always
use his mountain climbing skills. When he is at home and cooking dinner, he needs to
activate another “software” in his memory. That would be the software or his
experiences/learnings related to cooking. I am sure Mang Caloy also has other “software” or
programs in his brain based on his experiences. Whenever he crosses the street, he needs to
remember what his teachers taught him about safety when he was younger. He needs to
activate his driving “software” when he is driving a car.
As you saw in Mang Caloy, having the “hardware” (brain and body) is not enough for
him to function and work well. Likewise, a computer with all its hardware is useless if there
is no software or programmed commands in its memory. Like Mang Caloy, too, a computer
runs best
when it has a lot of software programs in its memory. The more programs it has, the more
things it can do.
Do you remember Mrs. Gonzales (page 14) and how the computer help her. What
kind of software or computer programs do you think would she need most?
A software or computer program that can keep records of the patients at the barangay
health center that monitors the use of medicines. The computer makes very useful for her.
There are thousands of programs or software made by computer programmers that can
perform a variety of functions.
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There are software that designers can use to design clothes. There are programs that
make animators able to produce better cartoon films. Businesses have programs for computing
interest, and schools use software programs for organizing students’ records and even
preparing teacher’s payroll.
How important are software to computer users? The software one needs depends on
what they have to do. The more complicated your work becomes, the more you need a
computer to make your work easier and faster
Imagine a world without computers. What would be some of the things that cannot
be done? What businesses or industries would be affected? How?
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In today’s personal computer, the Windows program is a valuable tool. The Windows
Program was made by the computer giant Microsoft owned by the famous Bill Gates. It
allows a mouse to be used.
A mouse is a device that you can use to
click directly on the screen to command
a computer to do something. It lessens
the use of a keyboard. Without the
Windows program, a mouse would be
useless.
Almost all personal computers in the world now use a mouse. They need the
Windows Program to work. What will happen if the company stops making this
program? Why do companies that make popular computer software become very rich?
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1,024 characters.
This is equal to about one page of double-spaced text.
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Now, the whole Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office software would occupy
about 1 gigabyte in your hard disk. A gigabyte is a billion bytes of data. That’s
1,000,000,000 bytes worth of data. Can you imagine how big that is? If one byte would stand
for one letter, one gigabyte of disk space can contain 1 billion letters. That’s enough to fill
hundreds of books. That space is enough to contain all the text found in 2,900 modules like
the one you are reading now. It would contain enough information to fill one big shelf of
books in the library. Just imagine how much data a computer can process!
So if your hard disk can contain only 5 gigabytes of data, installing Microsoft Windows
and MS Office programs would leave you with only 4 gigabytes of free disk space. The
word only was used in the previous sentence because many computers now have 20
gigabytes of free disk space in their hard disks when new!
If you just bought a new computer, how will you install software programs? Software
programs are usually bought separately from the computer hardware. Programs can be very
expensive. Some would even cost thousands of pesos.
Computer programmers now made thousand of programs or software because of the
advances in computer technology. Would you want to become one? Would a job in the field of
Information Technology (IT) be a good one?
If you answered yes, you are correct. The fields of information technology and computers
are now in demand. It offer jobs that pay very well. If you want such a job, start by learning
more about computers and how to use them now.
Let’s Learn
Do you remember what drives are from the previous lesson? Drives are found in the
CPU. There are usually two drives in a personal computer. There is a CD ROM (for
compact disk – read only memory) drive for the larger disks that contain more data. And
there is a floppy disk drive for smaller diskettes. A floppy disk is called such because
inside it is a round , or floppy (can be bent) magnetic tape that can record information. The
CD ROMs or floppy disks are inserted into the appropriate drive. The computer copies the
data from these storage forms into its own built-in memory, the hard disk.
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CD Rom
Drive A
Inside CPU
CPU – Hard Disk
Floppy disk
Drive B
If the computer hardware properly works and the software programs run well, what
can the computer do? A computer can do a lot of things as long as it has been programmed
to do them. You cannot expect Mang Caloy to dance ballet if he hasn’t trained to be one,
can you? This points out that data are important. Data or information is the life-blood or
fuel of the computer. If there is no data in its memory, the computer wouldn’t run!
Of course, this is assuming that electricity is already available. A computer, after all
Let’s Review
Match the software in Column A with the business or occupation in Column B. Write
only the letter.
Column A Column B
1. A program that keeps track of
sales and income. A. Office secretary
2. A program that can process student B. Traffic policeman
records. C. Photo studio
3. A program that handles business D. School registrar
appointments. E. Grocery store
4. A program that controls traffic lights. F. Fashion designer
5. A program that can be used to
design clothes.
6. A program that can alter
photographs.
Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 38.
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Let’s Read
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Reliability
Computers are highly reliable. They are very good at doing tasks that are repeated over
and over again. People usually get bored with such tasks. Computers don’t get sick or take
coffee breaks and very seldom complain. Can you understand why some bosses prefer working
with computers rather than their employees?
no coffee break
Computer
seldom complains
Abacus
2
Let’s Study and Analyze This
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The personal computer has also stopped being a detached or stand-alone machine that
works on its own. Today, computers have become remote terminals, which can be linked to
larger networks of other computers. A good example would be the use of the internet. It is
possible for a person to use his/her computer at home to communicate with other computers
or websites all over the world. The data from computers travel through telephone lines. If
you know how to use a computer, you can be a part of the world wide web. This is a
worldwide network of computer users. Through this, you can chat with a friend abroad. You
can also send an electronic mail or even purchase products while sitting in front of your
computer.
Have you heard of the dot.com revolution? Some businesses have already made
themselves accessible through the internet. An address in the internet usually ends with a
.com. For example, amazon.com is a world leader in book sales through the internet. If you
have a modem, a telephone and an internet server, you can already access the millions of
business and addresses on the web. This is like a postal system, where messages are sent in
seconds!
Email
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Education
Education is a field that is greatly benefiting from the use of computers. Many teachers
trained in computers pass on their skills to their students. Classroom lectures are made more
interesting and effective when computer based- learning is adapted. Computers are also used
to produce teaching materials that are interesting and effective. Computer training schools have
flourished because people are starting to see the value of computer literacy or competency.
Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Today, airplanes fly safer, cars drive faster and trains arrive on time because of their new
designs. Using the computer, engineers have designed new products and machines that are
more productive and efficient. Computer Aided Design or CAD is also used to make artworks,
posters and other materials where design is important.
Entertainment
Have you seen a movie lately? Can you compare these movies with those you have
seen before? Most movies now use computer technology to make special effects that are
more convincing and fascinating. Computer based games are also very popular.
Artificial intelligence
Today’s computers can simulate or copy many human capabilities such as reading,
calculating, grasping, speaking, remembering, drawing and even comparing numbers! People in
the computer industry conduct researches to make better hardware and software that can
make computers imitate intelligent human behavior. If you have seen robots before, then you
have seen an example of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is also seen in other that
can imitate human qualities. There are now machines that can recognize human voices and
play chess with people.
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Of course, computers would never be able to imitate human creativity, feelings, emotions
and humor. But machines are now being developed to imitate human movements and even
try to copy human reasoning. How do you feel about this?
Let’s Review
A. Encircle the parts that make-up the hardware of a computer. Put a line under
the software.
1. Modem
2. Microsoft Windows
3. CPU
4. Computer games
5. Keyboard
6. Processor
7. Microsoft Word
8. Monitor or Screen
9. Mouse
10. Hard Disk.
3
B. Give an example for each of the 8 areas of computer use in society today.
Information systems/data processing
Personal computing
Education
Entertainment
Artificial intelligence
Compare your answers with those in the Answer Key on pages 39–40. If you got all
answers correct, that’s great. You have learned a lot about computers from this lesson. If
your answers are incorrect, make the necessary corrections in your answers before
proceeding to the next page.
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Let’s Remember
The parts of a personal computer hardware, are the keyboard, mouse, drives,
CPU, processor, hard disk, modem, computer screen or monitor, speaker
and printer.
The programmed commands are the software stored in the computer’s
memory, usually the hard disk.
There are thousands of programs or software made by computer programmers
that can perform a variety of functions.
The Windows Program, made by Microsoft, allows the mouse to be used.
Without this program, a mouse would be useless.
Computer software and programs are lists of instructions that computers interpret
and carry out.
CD ROMs contain more data than floppy disks.
Data for computers is measured in bytes. A byte is a group of eight bits in a
computer that form a character or a symbol. A gigabyte is a billion bytes of data.
Drives are found in the CPU. A CD ROM drive is for CD ROMs. CD ROMs
contain more data than the smaller floppy disks. A floppy disk drive is for the
smaller diskettes.
Data or information is the life-blood or fuel of the computer. If there is no
data in its memory, the computer wouldn’t function.
Computers commit mistakes only as a result human error.
Qualities or characteristics of a computer are speed, storage, accuracy,
versatility, reliability, and automation.
The eight areas of computer use in today’s society are:
a. Information systems/data processing
b. Personal computing
c. Science, research and engineering
d. Process/ device control
e. Education
f. Computer aided design (CAD)
g. Entertainment
h. Artificial intelligence
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What Have You Learned?
To find out what you have learned from this module, answer the following questions.
A. What are the groups that make-up a computer system.
Compare your answers with those found in the Answer Key on page 40. Did you get
your answers correct or are your answers similar? If you did, that’s good.
If you didn’t get all the answers correct, that’s okay. Review the parts you have missed
and replace your wrong answers with the correct ones.
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Let’s Sum Up
3
Answer Key
CD Rom
Speaker
CPU
Monitor
Floppy disk or disk drive
Mouse
Keyboard
Printer
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C. Name the six properties /characteristics of a computer.
1. Speed
2. Accuracy
3. Versatility
4. Automation
5. Storage
6. Reliability
D. Name the eight areas of computer use in today’s society are:
Information systems/data processing
Personal computing
Science, research and engineering
Process/ device control
Education
Computer aided design (CAD)
Entertainment
Artificial intelligence
B. Lesson 1
Let’s Try This (drawing page 5)
Computer
3
Laptop computer (page 6)
39
B. Label the parts of a personal computer in the drawing.
CD Rom
Speaker
CPU
Monitor
Floppy disk
Mouse
Keyboard
Printer
C. Lesson 2
Let’s Review (page 24)
1. E
2. D
3. A
4. B
5. F
6. C
4
Let’s Try This (pages 30–31)
A. Encircle the parts that make-up the hardware of a computer. Put a line under
the software.
1. Modem
2. Microsoft Windows
3. CPU
4. Computer games
5. Keyboard
6. Processor
7. Microsoft Word
8. Monitor or Screen
9. Mouse
10. Hard Disk.
B. Give an example under each of the 8 categories of computer use.
Information systems/data processing
Processing and recording grades of students in schools
Personal computing
Preparing school related work and using the internet
Science, research and
engineering Intelligent buildings
Process/ device control
Automated traffic control
systems
Education
Computer training in schools
Computer aided design
(CAD) Making posters and
artworks
Entertainment
Computed generated special effects in movies
Artificial
intelligence Robots
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D. What is the life-blood or fuel of a computer? Why?
Software contains data, a set of commands or information that a
computer interprets and executes. These data are stored inside the
computer’s memory or hard disk. Without data, the computer wouldn’t
work.
4
Glossary
43
Phobia An irrational or unreasonable and intense
fear Professional Expert, educated, master of
Properties Qualities
Reliable Can be depended on, constant
Revolution A movement, a force
Salaries Payments for work done
Server In the Internet, a server is a company that provides access to the world wide web
Split-second Less than a second, very
fast Summarizes To condense, to make
short Traffic Flow of vehicles
Vehicle A mode of transportation, a carrier, a car or bus
Version A type of, a different copy of, similar to
Wave A revolution, a movement
References
Ardley,Bridget and Neil Ardley. (1989). The kingfisher book of 1001 questions and
answers .London: Kingfisher Books, Inc.
Landau Sidney, ed. (1987). Webster’s illustrated contemporary dictionary. Chicago,
Illinois, USA: J.G. Ferguson Publishing Company.
Leon, Alexis and Mathhew Leon. . (1999). Introduction to computers. New Delhi, India:
Leon Technology World Inc.
Long, Larry. ( c.1994). Introduction to computers and information systems (4thedition).
New Jersey, U.S.A.: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Maran, Ruth.(1998). Computer simplified (4th edition). Ontario, Canada: IDG Books
Worldwide.