Chemistry Student Edition - Basic
Answer Key
Chapter 22: Oxidation Reduction Reactions
Nature of Oxidation and Reduction
Questions
1. Explain in your own words the following oxidation processes:
a. Gain of oxygen
b. Loss of hydrogen
c. Loss of electrons
2. Explain in your own words the following reduction processes:
a. Loss of oxygen
b. Gain of hydrogen
c. Gain of electrons
3. What is the purpose of the oxidizing agent?
4. What is the purpose of the reducing agent?
5. In each of the following reactions, indicate which substance is oxidized, which is reduced,
which is the oxidizing agent, and which is the reducing agent:
a. Mg + 2 HCl → MgCl2 + H2
b. 2 Fe + 3 V2O3 → Fe2O3 + 6 VO
c. 2 Na + FeCl2 → 2 NaCl + Fe
d. AgNO3 + Cu → CuNO3 + Ag
e. 2 Na + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2
Answers
1.
a. Oxygen gas is reduced, and the other compound is oxidized.
b. Hydrogen is reduced, causing the remaining compound to be oxidized
c. The compound becomes oxidized as it loses electrons
2.
a. The oxygen loses electrons and becomes oxidized, causing the remaining
compound to be reduced
b. The hydrogen is oxidized, and the compound becomes reduced
c. The compound becomes reduced as it gains electrons
3. The oxidizing agent is reduced, causing the other compound to be oxidized.
4. The reducing agent is oxidized, causing the other compound to be reduced.
5.
a. Mg is oxidized, and H is reduced. HCl is the oxidizing agent, and Mg is the reducing
agent
b. Fe is oxidized, and V is reduced. V2O3 is the oxidizing agent, and Fe is the reducing
agent
c. Na is oxidized, and Fe is reduced. FeCl3 is the oxidizing agent, and Fe is the
reducing agent
d. Cu is oxidized, and Ag is reduced. AgNO3 is the oxidizing agent, and Cu is the
reducing agent
e. Na is oxidized, and H is reduced. H2O is the oxidizing agent, and Na is the reducing
agent
Oxidation Numbers
Questions
1. Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element.
a. calcium metal
b. F in NaF
c. S in Na2SO4
d. Cl in KClO3
e. Ca in CaO
2. State the type of reaction illustrated by each of the following equations.
a. ZnS + 2 O2 → ZnSO4
b. Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu
c. 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
d. 2Hg + O2 → 2HgO
3. For each reaction in problem 2, indicate which atom was oxidized and which was reduced.
Show the changes in oxidation number in each case.
4. Running a strong enough electric current through water will cause it to decompose into
hydrogen and oxygen gas. Write the balanced chemical equation for this process. What is
being oxidized, and what is being reduced?
5. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction, including all oxidation
numbers: Magnesium metal is placed in a solution of hydrochloric acid.
6. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following combination reaction: Hydrogen and
oxygen gas react explosively to produce water. Which substance is being oxidized, and
which is being reduced?
7. Write the chemical equation for the following combustion reaction, including all oxidation
numbers: Methanol (CH3OH) combusts in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide
and water.
Answers
1.
a. 0
b. -2
c. +6
d. +5
e. +2
2. 2. State the type of reaction illustrated in each case.
a. Combination
b. Displacement
c. Decomposition
d. Combustion
3.
a. S oxidized -2 to +6
O reduced 0 to -2
b. Fe oxidized 0 to +2
Cu reduced +2 to 0
c. O oxidized -2 to 0
Cl reduced +5 to -1
d. Hg oxidized 0 to +2
O reduced 0 to -2
4. 2H2O → 2H2 + O2
Oxygen is being oxidized, while hydrogen is being reduced.
5. Mg + 2HCl → H2 + MgCl2
0 +1 -1 0 +2 -1
6. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
Hydrogen is being oxidized, while oxygen is being reduced
7. 2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O
-2+1-2+1 0 +4 -2 +1 -2
Balancing Redox Equations
Questions
1. Write half-reactions for the following redox processes:
a. Fe + V2O3 → Fe2O3 + VO
b. K2Cr2O7 + SnCl2 + HCl → CrCl3 + SnCl4 + KCl + H2O
c. K2Cr2O7 + H2O + S → SO2 + KOH + Cr2O3
2. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
a. Magnesium carbonate is heated strongly to produce magnesium oxide and carbon
dioxide gas.
b. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes to produce water and oxygen gas.
c. Solid potassium chlorate is heated in the presence of manganese dioxide as a
catalyst to produce potassium chloride and oxygen gas.
d. Lead sulfide reacts with molecular oxygen to form sulfur dioxide and lead (II) oxide.
3. Write oxidation and reduction half-reactions for the following single-replacement reaction:
Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s).
4. Use the half-reaction method to balance the following redox equation: As4 + NaOCl + H2O
→ NaCl + H3AsO4.
Answers
1.
a. Fe0 → Fe+3 + 3e-
V+3 + e- → V+2
b. Sn+2 → Sn+4 + 2e-
Cr+6 + 3e- → Cr+3
c. S0 → S+4 + 4e
Cr+6 + 3e- → Cr+3
2.
a. MgCO3 → MgO + CO2
b. 2H2O2 → 2H2O + O2
c. 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
d. 2PbS + 3O2 → 2SO2 + 2PbO
3. Fe0 → Fe+2 + 2e-
Cu+2 + 2e- → Cu0
4. First, we find the half reactions for the oxidation and reduction.
As0 → As+5 + 5e-
Cl+ + 2e- → Cl-
Then, we balance the electrons gained and lost on both sides.
As40 → 4As+5 + 20e-
10Cl+ + 20e- → 10Cl-
Plugging into the complete reaction, we get that:
As4 + 10NaOCl + 6H2O → 10NaCl + 4H3AsO4
