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Science
Quarter 2 – Module 3:
The Carbon Compounds
Subject Area – Grade 9
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 3: The Carbon Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Evelyn T. Paez
Editors: Maria Josephine A. Plenos, Sheree Ann I.Chua
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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each
SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if
you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how
they can best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master The Carbon Compounds. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes
the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Define what carbon compounds are.
 Recognize the uses of common organic compounds.
 Observe the properties of common organic compounds.
 Relate the properties of common organic compounds to their
uses.
 Explain how the structure of carbon atoms affects the types
of bond it forms.

What I Know

Before anything else, please answer the pre-assessment prepared for you.

Direction: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the

correct answer and write in your answer sheet.

1. Organic Chemistry is broadly defined as .

a. The chemistry of metallic compounds.
b. The chemistry of substances produced.
c. The chemistry of the compound that contain carbon and hydrogen.
d. The chemistry of substances derived from plants.

2. Which of following statements best describe organic compounds?

a. Organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen.
b. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms
only.
c. Organic compounds are compounds that are produced by living
things.
d. Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon
and oxygen only.

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3. How do carbon atoms form many organic compounds?
a. By forming many bonds with other carbon and other elements.
b. By sharing their electrons with other metal and non-metal elements.
c. By transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements.
d. By attracting other elements toward themselves to form the bonds.

4. What is the maximum number of bonds a carbon atom can form?

a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

5. In which of the following is carbon a common component?

a. Air
b. Iron
c. People
d. Water

6. Which of the following has a common component of Carbon?

a. CH4
b. CO
c. C2H4
d. CCl4

7. What makes carbon such a unique element?

a. Carbon forms covalent bonds rather than ionic bonds
b. Elemental carbon comes in 2 forms diamond and graphite
c. Carbon forms four bonds, although the ground state
configuration would predict the formation of the fewer bonds
d. To a greater extent than any other element, carbon can bond
to itself to form straight chains, branched chains and rings.

8. Which of the following electronic configurations is the best

description of carbon in its ground state?
a. 1s22s22p2
b. 1s22s22px2
c. 1s22s22px12py1
d. 1s22s12px12py12p z1

9. Artificial flavor for orange is obtained from

a. Amyl acetate
b. Isoamyl Valerate
c. Methyl Butyrate
d. Octyl Acetate

10. Which of the following is true about graphite and diamond?

a. They have the same crystal structure.
b. They have the same degree of hardness.
c. They have the same electrical conductivity.

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 d. They can undergo the same chemical reactions.

11. Which of the following contains covalent bond?

a. HCl
b. CaF2
c. MgCl2
d. Al2O3

12. Which type of bond is NOT formed by the carbon atom?

a. Single Bond
b. Double bond
c. Triple bond
d. Tetra bond

13. Vinegar is a solution of

a. 50% - 60% acetic acid in alcohol
b. 5% - 8% acetic acid in alcohol
c. 5% - 8% acetic acid in water
d. 50% - 60% acetic acid in water

14. Which DOES NOT describe Covalent Bonds

a. Has weak intermolecular forces
b. Has low melting and boiling point
c. Are generally poor conductor of electricity
d. Have high electromagnetic properties

15. What is the sweet-smelling substance used in making perfumes?

a. Ethers
b. Esters
c. Ethyl Alcohol
d. Methyl Alcohol

16. Emmanuel, a fisherman, went home with some of his catch. He

told his son to cook the fish but his son said, “Father, our LPG
tank ran out of fuel.” He told him to buy some so they can start
cooking. Which organic compound do you think the boy will buy?
a. Formaldehyde
b. Isopropyl alcohol
c. Lubricating oil
d. Propane

17. What organic compound is used by embalmers in treating human

cadavers?
a. Acetic acid
b. Formaldehyde
c. Methyl alcohol
d. Acetone

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18. Salvador has to remove the red paint from the paintbrush so
that he could still use it next time. What organic compound
should he use?
a. Acetic acid
b. Lubricating oil
c. Kerosene
d. Formaldehyde

19. Which of the following pair of organic compounds is highly

flammable?
a. Gasoline: acetone
b. Water: Ethyl Alcohol
c. Lubricating oil: Isopropyl Alcohol
d. Liquefied Petroleum gas: Kerosene

20. Hero is applying something to the ball bearings of the wheels of

her bicycle so that friction will be minimized. Which of the following
material do you think he is using?
a. Vinegar
b. Isopropyl Alcohol
c. Kerosene
d. Lubricating Oil

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 Lesson
3 The Carbon Compounds

What’s In

Great job you have successfully answered the pre-assessment. This

time, let’s review what you have learned from the previous lesson.
Activity 1. Fill in the banks

Carbon is a chemical element with the (1) and an atomic no. of

symbol
(2) . It is nonmetallic and tetravalent-making. (3) electrons
available
to form (4) chemical bonds. Carbon belongs to group (5) and p eri o d
(6) . The electron configuration of carbon is (7) and (8) is its
Lewis symbol. Carbon forms compounds only by ____(9_)___ electrons. The
compounds formed by atoms are called as ____(10_)_____.

What’s New
Bravo! You can still remember your previous lessons. This time, you will
define what are carbon compounds or organic compounds.

Activity 2A. Check all organic compounds and mark in all

inorganic compounds.

Organic ( )
Compoun
d Not Organic
( )
CH4

C6H15N

CO2

HCl

C3H4O2

C6H4S4

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 PbBr3

Al4C3

CH3COO
H
(NH4)2SO3

CaCO3

C3H8O
C4H10

Guide Questions:

1. In the table above what do you notice about organic compounds?

2. Based on activity 2A, define organic compound.

What Is It

Organic compounds are group of compounds that contain the element

carbon. It contains carbon and hydrogen with other elements namely
oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and halogens (Fluorine, Chlorine,
Bromine, and Iodine) ethyl alcohol, acetone, gasoline, acetic acid,
vanillin, acetylene, and esters are just a few examples of many useful
organic compounds. This kind of compounds are produced by plants and
animals (living organism). However, these carbon-containing compounds
can also be produced artificially. There are organic compounds that are
produced from petroleum: LPG (Liquefied petroleum gas), gasoline,
lubricating oil and kerosene. These compounds have different uses in
the community.

Many organic compounds are formed because of the special

characteristics of the element carbon. A carbon atom has four valence
electrons. This kind of atomic structure makes the carbon atom able to
form four covalent bonds with atoms of other elements and other carbon
atoms. Carbon atoms can also make many types of arrangements: single
bond, double bond, and triple bond. With these abilities of the carbon
atoms, chemical bonds between carbon atoms and other elements can
form different kinds of compounds with short and long, straight and
branch chained structures such as the following compounds.
Ethene Acetylene
Methane

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 What’s More

Congrats! You have already known organic compound and its

examples. This time let’s recognize the uses of common organic
compounds.

Activity 3: Organic Compounds: Are They Useful?

Objective:
In this activity, you will be able to recognize the uses of common
organic compounds.

Materials Needed:
Look for pictures of the following products:

 Gasoline  Kerosene  LPG

 Acetone  Acetic Acid  Ethanol

Procedure:
1. Use the pictures of the materials to answer the following questions.
2. Complete the table below. Using a mark, indicate the uses of
the compounds. You may have more than one mark per
example depending on its uses.

Table 1: Organic Compounds and Their Uses

ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
Aceti
Gasolin Ethano Acetone LPG Kerosene
c
e l
Acid
Beverage

Food
USES
Antiseptic

Fuel

Cleaner

Guide Questions:

1. What are the characteristics of the materials that give their uses?
2. What organic compound do you or your family
always use? Describe its characteristics and its
uses.
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 Now, you have learned the important uses of commonly used
organic compounds.
Every kind of organic compound has specific properties or
characteristics. Although these compounds may show similarities in
same properties, these compounds do not have exactly the same
properties.
The following information will be used in answering Table 1.
Properties of Common Organic Compounds:

I. Phase of matter is the physical state of the material. This

describes the physical property of matter whether it is solid,
liquid, or gas.
II. Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. If the
viscosity is high, the flow of liquid is slow or the liquid is thick.
III. Volatility is the measure of the tendency of substance to evaporate
or to turn into gaseous state.
IV. Flammability is the measure of how easily a material burn. In
this activity, flammability of the liquids will be measured based
on the time it takes the wet cotton buds to finish burning.

Activity 4: Properties of Common Organic Compounds

Objectives:

1. Observe the properties of common organic compounds; and

2. Relate these properties to their uses.

Materials Needed:

Kerosene Stop watch 4 cones (same sizes made of bond

paper)
Lubricating Oil Calculator 4 pieces of ¼ sheet of long bond
papers
Ethyl Alcohol Matches 25 mL graduated cylinder (or
small transparent plastic cup

4 medicine Tray 4 identical transparent plastic cups

droppers

Diesel oil 4 bottle crowns (tansan)

Follow the procedure carefully because you are

CAUTION about to use flammable substances. Prepare sand
or wet rags to be used in case of fire.

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Procedure:

1.) A. Use the table below to record your data from this activity.
Table 1. Properties of Common Organic Compounds

Viscosity Flammability
Materials Odor Phase Volatilit
Trial (seconds) y Trial (seconds)

1 2 3 Average 1 2 3 Average

A. Kerosene
B.
Lubricati
ng Oil
C. Diesel Oil
D. Ethyl
Alcohol

B. Place 15 mL of each liquid in the four identical transparent

plastic cups. Label each cup according to the liquid it
contains.
C. Observe the materials. After which, write the phase and odor
of the materials on the table.

2.) Testing the Viscosity of the materials:

TAKE CARE:

Use one dropper for one of each kind of sample. Wash each
dropper after one use. Do not mix samples

a. Place the cone marked A, B, C, and D on the tray

b. Using a dropper, put 3 drops of Kerosene on top of cone A.
Record the time it takes for the kerosene to reach the tray.
c. Perform three times for each material.
d. Procedure a, b, and c should look like the illustration below.

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 3.) Testing the Volatility of Materials.

a. Put 4 pieces of ¼ sheet of long bond papers on the table. Using

a medicine dropper, put two drops of each liquid material on separate
pieces of bond paper. An adult supervision is needed with this
activity.

b. Record the time it takes the papers to dry. This is equivalent to

the time it takes the liquid to completely evaporate.
4.) Testing for Flammability of the Materials

Caution: Wear face mask before performing the following procedure. Have a small
basin of sand or wet rags near you while doing the test for flammability
a. Prepare four bottle crowns (tansan) and then place a cotton
bud in each crown/
b. Wet the cotton buds with 10 drops of the liquid materials
c. Ignite each wet cotton bud using a lighted match stick
d. Record the time it takes each cotton bud to burn completely
e. Repeat steps a-d three times so that you will have 3 trials
per liquid materials
f. Compute for the average time it takes each set up to burn completely
Guide Questions:

1. Which is most viscous? What are the common uses of viscous

materials?
2. Which materials are flammable? In what ways are these materials
used?
3. Which liquid materials have strong odor? Which ones have weak odor?
4. Why is it important to know the properties of these kinds of
organic compounds?
In this activity you have learned about the properties of some
common organic compounds and the relationship of these properties to
their uses. You were able to observe in the experiments that kerosene,
ethyl alcohol, and diesel gas are flammable compounds. Ethyl alcohol is
volatile compound and lubricating oil is a thick or viscous liquid.

Activity 5: The Structure of the Carbon Atom

How well do you know the carbon atom? Give the following data about
the carbon atom.

1. Atomic Number

2. Number of protons

3. Number of electrons
4. Number of neutrons

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 5. Electronic configuration

6. Number of valence electrons

7. Number of electrons that it needs to share with to
become stable
8.

9. Kind of bonds it can form

10.

Draw the carbon atom inside

the box. Show its nucleus and
the correct number of energy
levels, protons (●), electrons
(�), neutrons (�).

The Lewis electron dot symbol of the carbon atoms is:

The ● symbolizes the valence electrons. The carbon atom has 4 valence
electrons. C is called the kernel which symbolizes the nucleus and the
non-valence electrons. The kernel of the atom is positively charged.

Explain why the kernel of the atom is positively charged:

The Octet Rule explains how electrons become stable. Atoms must have
8 valence electrons to be stable. Having only 4 valence electrons, the
carbon atom becomes stable by sharing its 4 valence electrons with 4
electrons from another atom.
There are several ways how the carbon atom shares its electrons:

 Carbon can share each valence electron with 4 different atoms

forming 4 single bonds, like in methane (left) and carbon tetrachloride

(right):
 Carbon can share two valence electrons with other atoms (double
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 bond), like in carbon dioxide (left), carbon disulfide (center) and
methanol (right):

 Carbon can share three valence electrons with other atoms (triple
bond) like in ethyne (left) and hydrogen cyanide (right):

These types of bonding explain why there are varied types of carbon
compounds. Carbon can bond with itself and with other atoms. It can
form chains and it can form polymers which are large molecules that
consist of many smaller molecules joined together by covalent bonds. It
can also form branched compounds and cyclic compounds.

Below, left, is nonane, a chain of nine carbons in single bonds and at

right, butanol, a chain of 4 carbon with an alcohol functional group (-
OH):

The structure in the upper left part is ethylene which is the monomer in
polyethylene or the compound that makes up our very common plastic

Source: https://slideplayer.com/slide/6086392/
Below left is a branched compound: 3-methyl, 2-pentyne. At right is
cyclohexene, a cyclic carbon compound:

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 What I Have Learned

Now, try to sum up the things that you have learned today by
answering the questions below:

Questions:

A.
1. is the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
2. is the chemistry of compounds that contain carbon
and hydrogen.
3. is the physical state of the materials, whether it is
solid, liquid, or gas.
4. is the property of liquids used as a fuel like kerosene
and ethyl alcohol.
5. substances that contain carbon and hydrogen;
combined with other elements namely oxygen,
nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur, and halogens.
6. is used to remove nail polish.
7. the property of substances that allows it to burn easily.
8. is a measure of the tendency of substance to evaporate.
9. is the maximum number of covalent bonds a carbon
atom can form.
B. Explain how the structure of carbon atom affects the type of bond it
forms.

What I Can Do

Perfect! You are close to finish. It’s now time to put those learnings
into application. Are you ready? Please prepare 10 pictures of common
organic compounds, and make a collage.

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 On another page list down those organic compounds found in your
collage and their uses and properties and relate those properties on
their uses.

Assessment

Good work! Let’s test what you have learned from the very start of our
lesson. Read carefully and answer the questions below. Write the letter of
the correct answer in your answer sheet.

1. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?

A. Carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms
B. Carbon atoms have strong attraction to other elements.
C. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon.
D. All of the above

2. Which are true about organic compounds?

I. Organic Compounds contain calcium
II. Organic compounds contain carbon
III. Organic compounds can be produced by living organisms
IV. Organic compounds can be produced artificially
A. I, II, & III only C. II & III only
B. I & III only D. II, III, and IV only

3. How many types of bonds a carbon atom form?

A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4

4. Marcy’s car stopped in the middle of the road. She found out
that the car has ran out of fuel. Which compound must she
buy?
A. Water
B. Gasoline
C. Kerosene
D. Lubricating oil

5. Carlos Miguel wants to protect his bicycle’s parts from rusting

fast. Which material should Carlos Miguel use?
A. Vinegar
B. Kerosene
C. Isopropyl Alcohol
D. Lubricating Oil
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6. Which of the following compound is not organic?
A. CO
B. CH4
C. CCl4
D. C2H4
7. Why does carbon form compounds mainly by covalent bond?
A. It requires large amount of energy to form C4+
B. It shares its valence electron to complete its octet
C. There are four electrons in the outermost shell of carbon
D. All of the above
8. Which organic compound is used as a cleaning agent?
A. LPG
B. Gasoline
C. Kerosene
D. Ethyl Alcohol

9. Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of

A. Coal
B. Carbon dioxide only
C. Carbon monoxide only
D. Carbon monoxide in traces and carbon dioxide
10. Hera wants to remove her nail polish. What organic compound
must she use?
A. Acetone
B. Alcohol
C. Acetic Acid
D. Formaldehyde
11. Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon
compounds?
I. Are good conductors of electricity
II. Are poor conductors of electricity
III. Have strong forces of attraction between their molecules
IV. Do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules
A. I & III
B. II & III
C. I & IV
D. II & IV
11. Marcela told her grandson, Jon Lord, never to play with
gasoline. Why do you think she does not allow him to do it?
A. Because gasoline is volatile
B. Because gasoline is viscous
C. Because gasoline is flammable
D. Because gasoline is liquid

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12. Which of the following is true of carbon?
A. It shares its valence electrons
B. It gains for electrons forming C4 - anion
C. It loses four electrons forming C4 + cation
D. It forms a se of electrons with other atoms
13. Carbon atoms form many organic compounds by
A. Attracting other elements towards themselves to form bonds
B. Sharing their electrons with other metal and nonmetal elements
C. Transferring their electrons to the atoms of surrounding elements
D. Forming many bonds with other carbon atoms and other elements

14. Lucy scratched herself when her arm bumped into the concrete
post. What would she apply to make her bruises free from
harmful germs?
A. Water
B. Acetone
C. Formalin
D. Isopropyl Alcohol

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Answer Key

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 EDITOR’S NOTE

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary
material to be used by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all
public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development
was observed in the production of this module. This is Version 2.0. We
highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or

call: Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph

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