O+O++0=O
Umitt=
GiVe the diEfexence helleen sCmiPle SiXVey Cmd
eoPuiHlon SIAVeu.
PoPtulation SLBVe SaimPle SuAVe
In PaPuICHion SuRMey"CuL D Tn Scmele Saxvey fen
mHS CIK excmmimeA Cm nias Che excmined CInd
hence it AeRikes mane hence it KEauikes less_
me tme
DThe coSA O SuAvey is Q) The Cost af SexVey S
maxe. Iess
BAS Moxe abseavtiohS )AS 1e8S nmibeX of
CIXe to Le stuaia the obSebvcAlons Cne o be
CiCcuaCICy Ccm m0t be SAuaieahe desined aIcCuaCICY
mCIniCime CCin be HemAC, mcimtcinek.
a) hen Hhe SnidS Of )Ths method Cam he
destuciive naiRe P'mploued even it Ahe
PofildHiom Suavey Ccmnot SHY i of
be_Pmploue.
deshauCHIVe
nckLae
SAS moxe PerSoS CIe to AS fe
he emeloued mthe Suzveyhe peasonS CRe to
emploue the eXPENAS
Monk exReRAS CI noh Can he CIPPolnied
he CivciliCibie
KA AS Cl ohsexvcHioS G AS e obsexvations
CIAe iohe Sauidie axe to he Shuaie4
deiciilSiuA Com not deiCil Sid Ccm he
be dane AOne
D1hen_he field o The Samile SuaVeyis
in9uixy is veay ta9e ess iahnllhialisCma
hS methol is iaLaLaioLs eiciive4 eCsu
Cmd difficult.
uhen the CoPIPAe_ hen the Compieie
nfaNmcHtion ineedeA Infancii of ail 1miHS
Hhis meihod is 1o ke Neatie this netho
use CcIm hot he 1i
O+O+0+0D=O
GiMe the mCthemcHicC foAm of NoAmdi diHAILIHON_
amd tCHe PXoPextHeS_ 2 IseS
GCuss Cmd LaPlace deXIVeA the mcthemcHiCCILaxm
Of OXmc1 diSi31 k2IHian fnm the SiAyOf diSialkHion
MCHhemcticcl Foxm=
TFC Continiaus xcmdom NCNiable oLeys the
FolloLlin9 Paobcihiliy lG it ik Scid to e nonmcily
distaisuke
fCc)=
2 JTt
uWhexe
= Mecn
SBanACiAA devicition
e= 2.11R3
J= 22
PAOPeties of VOAmcil_DiSAAILLHion=_
CD This is dsAXILatian_A CL ComBinuatik Veaidhle.
) uCnd C e he Pcixcmeiens ok this disALKLHiON
3) The cUKMe of the moamel diStaibution is SUmmeAaiceil
CibolH mecn cmd bei shafe
O+O0+0+O9E
4 Mecim meAiah Chd mode CaP eaicil hi
diSiAIbLAian.
SuCailes cae eauidicant Xom meiiin_
TN Skeuness is zeno.
The totar Caec 1mde the makmai CuRve iS
The folloluim Ciae Some of the imRaktcmt ciAeCS
O henoAmailCIave:
c) ARec hehlteen tT =0G826
Axec hetlleen 4i2aE 0. 9SAS
(OAxec hellieem t 3 =0.g913
C)AReC belueen 1IS o =O.98
e) Axec helrieen L2.&a =O-99
The ACIIS of Ahe mamci CIxVO do nat mePA
Cixik Le The CKve R CISumphatito x CixiS
gmecIm devicIAION CIholH meCIm=4 (CIPPAOXIMCHetu
Ho) cucatile devicttion =2
(CPPhoximcHe9)
G) The Sum of Hllo independemt nokmcil
\/CaiCHS is
CIISo maA mil VAAiCLHe
2) Luhem ni VeNY IenieOndP Cma
Cae nat
Vexu Smcill Bimomlnci diSIAIkMHion ends o
Naxmc disiaibutlon
a) Tm fcichmost of Ahe_AISADIkIAIons
follol
in StCHiSHiCS
moAmcl disIAiLTHlon Luhen n is ICIge
O+O+ +0=C
ISes oE VoXmC DISHAIbHlah
CD NoXmcil diS4aiHion 11SeA he fielas OF Sociology
PSucholog EComamics etC
2) Tm SCHiSHÍCCI ucilii Contalthe PioPeadiek of
6) Tm SI9mificcmt 1eSiS POx 1CI9e SCImPles NomCil
AiStaibuHiom is idely sed
a TH s1seA in Smcll ScimPleesAS 1n uhich it isL
SemAle
CISSLme thcl the PoPilction homhich the
S To CamfcKe ScoKes on diffenent_distaibHians Lth_
AHexent mêcns CimA SiCLndaaA devicHionS.
To fin the sake PaokatilHy of aSeAVCLHLOnS in a
diSHRikukian fcilling Cilave belot 9ven Vailue
D+O+O+0E
Unit-2
O=1 4)etime he follotin9
SACAISAÍCS-
n oAdf toestimcueAhe Poxcmei ex of C
FOPUlcAi0m CSamPle is dACLAn fAom Ahe
The ComSHCIm PaPaicHio
obtCimed fzom CL SCImPle is Cie
SiciHiStiC Le, the funciion o SCmple
IS CCeA SicaiSAICS olSeavCHIOY=
Ex= Smele mecmiSemele
Shcmdciad
Scmele PAokakiiOn o Some clHLUHOdeViCHloh S
P cIe
ShcHiSHicsS
dib NL huPothesiS
A SiCHIShicil KuPothesis uhich is ciken AX
the PosSibIe ciccepkcinceS
cCLLeA m huPalheSiS
ma iIS denahe Ha
The keu hoHe of the nl huPotheSis
G)mecm o dhe PoPlIHION S Co_
Ho =Go
)MecImS Of both PoP2iCHions C0e eauCIL
Ho: =2
(3) The Con i mkigse
ko Ho 2 P=
(A) The PMoPAMHIOns cne eguc
Ha: Pr= P2
O+O+O+ -C
ii) CaHicI Reion
m lca9e SonmPle esSAS the SiCmáM nahmCi yozIOe
A CAiHiCCLAeion is aSet ofVCITes Fa he esi
SACHISHIC fod hich the nm hupothesis isReiecied.
Caiticcxegiom is Ciso knalln cs he aeieriion 2eaioh.
m laixse semele HeCAS the_Comnf Hes \Cnie of Z
Feuis im the_CalHicCL egion the mill huPotheNik mCy
The esinn af Sicndtind moxmC cunve othe htin
cailticil eGiam is Cled cicepidnce kegion uihen
Hhe ComfuHe Value of7 f i s n this KEdinn_the
nrl huPthesis mcy ke_cIccePied
v) Deghee of FaeeAom
DegKeeo Exeednm ishe numbhex ofindePena
OksexuCitiont of he VciCilhie The namiex of iniePen
obSexvcHians is diffeaent fon difexent SiCHiSHiCS
EX= SPPoRe ie CIRe osked io Select Cm oSE
Thee is na eSaicionnthe seleckion ofhe
obsenvcHians cma bence e_CIRe xee to Seleca
CmuokseavCHianSSo the àe9hee of FRePAam
DesNees of heedom is denoie d.S
ImPonACt SHCHiSAICS od Cae
C+C+C+O3=
(i- iS m1
E
D.f of = EG-U1-) is m-2 Ans
m.S Sy
DAofC X Ctimemcy aHe is G) A)-
O+F0+C0+O=O
Unt=3
0-1GIVe fhe dfterence Leileen LIKSIP Sampie esHS &
SmaillScimeie1esiS.
ANS.
LcIASie SamPle TesS SmCl SCmPle Tesis
DThe CImeie Size IS GD The SamPle Size is 30
SInecHex thctn 30 Oess than 30
2 The vaue of c SiCAISHIC ) The_varue af cr SiCHISHiC
obicin fhanm the Scmeie akicined fäom ahe Saimele
CCIm he HCken aS CIm CcImna he icuken OS Cm
estimcie of dhe PaPrlCHion esimCHe of Hhe PoPuIdH1on_
PAACmeiea PCiaCIme AP8.
NaAmCI diSiaibiiian is e)Scmetint distnikion like t
UseA fon Hestins. FeiCne 11se fox iestin9
O+CD+O+ =C
Unit4
ulhCHdo Uot mecm b4 GooAness of 1
SuPPASe_We have olhcine cmolsexve eQuene 1ey
diSAAILUAim Cimd Me Cixe inieneSiA Im Rholiins_
heAhen he abseme Aeguen.cy isAANklAiay SuPPart
CPeixticauicx h1uPa Ahesis Fo hS CL Vex falieai
1eSt faX eSAnS Ahe isnificaimce of
the AScreicnCs_
beALeen OSeKYe aeauency AisAILLHiOn Cma
REAUency disail.Hiom LCS Cven exgeHea
ln 19do. The Hes is kmomCIS
kCIB PechSan
Hest o Sooaness
Of fiH
Umdex Ahe mull huPothesis thct theae 1S no
SIgmificCImi AiRREKENCe Leiieen oLSeAVE_Cnd PARecke
Eeauencies the VaILe of iS Calczilcitel 1u the
fo2m2iic
Coi-
T Cil the abSenveA fxeauencies_CInd eXPecied
Pxe9uencies cixe eauci the vcin1e o 2 Le
zeno. ThiR Lil Imiy_c PenfeckCIGAeement of
alseaveiHians Lihh_exPeciciHions. Moxe the vciltie
maneS thediveagence heilleenhe absexvea
cnd exPecieA aeauencies.
O+O+O+O-C
The vclrie of 2 CHCicHeA £Nom the 9iven
CHCL CInd lt IS ComPCide t h the ahe Valtie o
evel of SIniAicemce T CalczucHel vune of 2 it
eSS them elhe VeitLe o 2 he null huPathesis m e
ccepie Cnd it m be concitudedthoit theiven
ExeauencudiSAailktim FiHS the kuPathesis ni E h
CalctuiclHel VCiIe di is GheCHENhom ihe Hakle_
wCie of Xthe_ hPathesis meiy eelec-ed mi it
mciu he Conciuled Ahtt he ohs ehePedienc
AiSHALHIan dnes hot tthe htPatheSIS
The AecNeeR O heedan n cogiins CaaimesS
FH test S 1-k-1 hene k R h mmker
PxmeieS eSimcHed
O:O+O+0:
GIVe Comearisan 1eALJEEN POxmet n A
POKCImeAaic ESHS
SSumPtim Cbot the naHYe o he PPicHio
CexiCIM esi iCHSirg cxeereinped 1Simg
mCHhemciicGAHistiroerhrices Te CocasiOn
CIsSacicHe disizikicn heox e ercr ylid So
lonS the csSumekions ze Scaitaied Tn Sane
Ccises he pstiCHIGAC s Ce t CoiticH
Hesas siCHiSHiC 2emizeSeBP TOR9
SiciHiSHiC cnd mHhEmcHiCS These ieSAS CHiSi
CIe 1SIail maKe SensiHve ox Pal Erii 1mae
Hhe Siigent QssurmHiansS
0m theathe htind nan-cnemeic PS
They invalves vexSimpie_aahireic deive
CePROPAiCHe es SiHiSAICCma he isaipzinh
Xespecive PhoPeries 1valveS eXY 1 mcHh£ maHiC
GS CambciKe ia incimeiaic£t nreauke The
aIsSameinns mtHe_n hon-PcIKCmEHRIC4SCRe
easi sCHiSfieA he Sim fle phaceAtre.
