Title Introduction to Cyber Security

Author Dr. Jeetendra Pande, Assistant Professor-

School of CS & IT, Uttarakhand Open
University, Haldwani
ISBN: 978-93-84813-96-3

Uttarakhand Open University, 2017

© Uttarakhand Open University, 2017. This work by Uttarakhand Open University is licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. It is attributed to the sources
marked in the References, Article Sources and Contributors section.
Published By: Uttarakhand Open University

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 Index
1.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1 HISTORY OF INTERNET ..................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.1.1 Internet Addresses ........................................................................................................................... 10
1.1.1.2 DNS .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.1.1.3 Internet Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 13
1.1.1.4 World Wide Web ............................................................................................................................. 14

1.2 INTRODUCTION TO CYBER CRIME ............................................................................................................. 15

1.2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF CYBER CRIMES ................................................................................................................... 16

1.2.2 REASONS FOR COMMISSION OF CYBER CRIMES .................................................................................................. 18

1.3 MALWARE AND ITS TYPE .......................................................................................................................... 19

1.3.1 ADWARE ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

1.3.2 SPYWARE .................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.3 BROWSER HIJACKING SOFTWARE...................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.4 VIRUS......................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.3.5 WORMS ..................................................................................................................................................... 20
1.3.6 TROJAN HORSE ............................................................................................................................................ 20
1.3.7 SCAREWARE ................................................................................................................................................ 21

1.4 KINDS OF CYBER CRIME ............................................................................................................................ 21

1.4.1 CYBER STALKING .......................................................................................................................................... 21

1.4.2 CHILD PORNOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.3 FORGERY AND COUNTERFEITING ...................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.4 SOFTWARE PIRACY AND CRIME RELATED TO IPRS ............................................................................................... 22
1.4.5 CYBER TERRORISM ........................................................................................................................................ 22
1.4.6 PHISHING .................................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.7 COMPUTER VANDALISM ................................................................................................................................ 22
1.4.8 COMPUTER HACKING .................................................................................................................................... 22
1.4.9 CREATING AND DISTRIBUTING VIRUSES OVER INTERNET......................................................................................... 23
1.4.10 SPAMMING ............................................................................................................................................... 23
1.4.11 CROSS SITE SCRIPTING ................................................................................................................................. 23
1.4.12 ONLINE AUCTION FRAUD ............................................................................................................................. 24
1.4.13 CYBER SQUATTING ...................................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.14 LOGIC BOMBS ............................................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.15 WEB JACKING ............................................................................................................................................ 24
1.4.16 INTERNET TIME THEFTS ............................................................................................................................... 24

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 1.4.17 DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK.......................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.18 SALAMI ATTACK ......................................................................................................................................... 24
1.4.19 DATA DIDDLING ......................................................................................................................................... 25
1.4.20 EMAIL SPOOFING........................................................................................................................................ 25

2.1 AUTHENTICATION .................................................................................................................................... 26

2.2 ENCRYPTION............................................................................................................................................. 27

2.3 DIGITAL SIGNATURES ............................................................................................................................... 28

2.4 ANTIVIRUS ................................................................................................................................................ 29

2.5 FIREWALL ................................................................................................................................................. 30

2.6 STEGANOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................... 31

3.1 COMPUTER FORENSICS ............................................................................................................................ 33

3.2 WHY SHOULD WE REPORT CYBER CRIME? ................................................................................................ 36

4.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 40

4.2 SOME RECENT CYBER CRIME INCIDENTS .................................................................................................. 40

5.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 47

5.2 COUNTER CYBER SECURITY INTIATIVES IN INDIA ...................................................................................... 47

6.1 GENERATING SECURE PASSWORD ............................................................................................................ 52

6.1.1 GUIDELINE FOR SETTING SECURE PASSWORD ...................................................................................................... 52

6.2 USING PASSWORD MANAGER .................................................................................................................. 55

6.2.1 WHAT IS A PASSWORD MANAGER? .................................................................................................................. 56

6.2.2 WHY YOU SHOULD USE IT? ............................................................................................................................. 56
6.2.3 HOW DOES IT WORK? .................................................................................................................................... 56
6.2.4 SOME POPULAR PASSWORD MANAGERS............................................................................................................ 56

6.3 ENABLING TWO-STEP VERIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 62

6.4 SECURING COMPUTER USING FREE ANTIVIRUS ........................................................................................ 72

7.1 CONFIGURING FIREWALL ON MAC COMPUTER ........................................................................................ 75

7.1.1 TURNING ON AND CONFIGURING THE MAC OS X FIREWALL.................................................................................. 75

7.2 WORKING WITH WINDOWS FIREWALL IN WINDOWS .............................................................................. 78

7.2.1 FIREWALL IN WINDOWS 7 .............................................................................................................................. 78

7.2.2 CONFIGURING WINDOWS FIREWALL ................................................................................................................ 79
7.2.3 HOW TO START & USE THE WINDOWS FIREWALL WITH ADVANCED SECURITY .......................................................... 83

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 7.2.3.1 How to Access the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security ........................................................ 83
7.2.3.2 What Are The Inbound & Outbound Rules? ..................................................................................... 84
7.2.3.3 What Are The Connection Security Rules? ....................................................................................... 86
7.2.3.4 What Does the Windows Firewall with Advanced Security Monitor? ............................................. 87

8.1 FINDING THE BEST BROWSER ACCORDING TO THE USERS REQUIREMENT ............................................... 89

9.1 SAFE BROWSING ...................................................................................................................................... 94

9.1.1 HOW DO I KNOW IF A WEBSITE IS SECURE? ........................................................................................................ 94

9.2 TIPS FOR BUYING ONLINE ......................................................................................................................... 95

9.3 CLEARING CACHE FOR BROWSERS ............................................................................................................ 96

9.3.1 CLEARING CACHE FOR CHROME BROWSERS ABOVE VERSION 10 ............................................................................. 96

9.3.2 CLEARING CACHE FOR CHROME BROWSERS FROM VERSION 1 TO 9......................................................................... 99
9.3.3 CLEARING CACHE FOR SAFARI FOR IOS, IPHONE AND IPAD.................................................................................. 102
9.3.4 CLEARING CACHE FOR SAFARI FOR MAC OS X................................................................................................... 103
9.3.5 CLEARING CACHE FOR SAFARI FOR WINDOWS ................................................................................................... 104
9.3.6 CLEARING CACHE FOR INTERNET EXPLORER 9, 10 AND 11 .................................................................................. 106
9.3.7 CLEARING CACHE FOR INTERNET EXPLORER 8.................................................................................................... 108
9.3.8 CLEARING CACHE FOR FIREFOX ...................................................................................................................... 111
9.3.9 CLEARING CACHE FOR FIREFOX 33 ................................................................................................................. 112
9.3.10 CLEARING CACHE FOR OPERA ...................................................................................................................... 114
9.3.11 CLEARING CACHE FOR CCLEANER ................................................................................................................. 115

10.1 WHAT IS WIRELESS LAN? ...................................................................................................................... 117

10.2 MAJOR ISSUES WITH WLAN .................................................................................................................. 118

10.2.1 SECURE WLAN ........................................................................................................................................ 118

10.2.2 WI-FI AT HOME........................................................................................................................................ 118

11.1 SAFE BROWSING GUIDELINES FOR SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES ........................................................... 123

11.1.1GENERAL TIPS ON USING SOCIAL NETWORKING PLATFORMS SAFELY .................................................................... 124

11.1.2 POSTING PERSONAL DETAILS ...................................................................................................................... 125
11.1.3 FRIENDS, FOLLOWERS AND CONTACTS .......................................................................................................... 125
11.1.4 STATUS UPDATES ..................................................................................................................................... 126
11.1.5 SHARING ONLINE CONTENT ........................................................................................................................ 126
11.1.6 REVEALING YOUR LOCATION ....................................................................................................................... 126
11.1.7 SHARING VIDEOS AND PHOTOS ................................................................................................................... 127
11.1.8 INSTANT CHATS ........................................................................................................................................ 127
11.1.9 JOINING AND CREATING GROUPS, EVENTS AND COMMUNITIES ......................................................................... 127

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11.2 EMAIL SECURITY TIPS ........................................................................................................................... 128

12.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 130

12.2 SMARTPHONE SECURITY GUIDELINES ................................................................................................... 131

12.2.1 PURSES, WALLETS, SMARTPHONES .............................................................................................................. 131

12.2.2 PLATFORMS, SETUP AND INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................ 132
12.2.2.1 Platforms and Operating Systems ............................................................................................... 132
12.2.2.2 Feature Phones ............................................................................................................................ 132
12.2.2.3 Branded and locked smartphones ............................................................................................... 133
12.2.2.4 General Setup .............................................................................................................................. 133
12.2.2.5 Installing and updating applications ........................................................................................... 133
12.2.3 COMMUNICATING SECURELY(THROUGH VOICE AND MESSAGES) WITH A SMARTPHONE ......................................... 134
12.2.3.1 Secure Voice Communication ...................................................................................................... 134
12.2.3.2 Sending Messages Securely ......................................................................................................... 137
12.2.3.3 Storing Information on your Smartphone .................................................................................... 138
12.2.3.4 Sending Email from your Smartphone ......................................................................................... 139
12.2.3.5 Capturing Media with your Smartphone ..................................................................................... 139
12.2.3.6 Accessing the Internet Securely from your Smartphone .............................................................. 140
12.2.3.7Advanced Smart Phone Security ................................................................................................... 141
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................... 144