Senior High School
Department of Education
National Capital Region
S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY
Practical Research 2
Quarter 2-Module 5
Data Collection Procedure
Writer: Nereo S. Saliva
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas
Layout Artist: Marexcza Z. Salinas
1
What I Need to Know
Hello Grade 12 researchers! In this fifth module for the 2nd grading period, you
will learn how to:
Plan data collection procedures
(CS_RS12-IIa-c-5)
You can say that you have understood the lesson in this module if you can
already:
1. define quantitative data;
2. enumerate and characterize the different types of data collection method; and
3. create a data gathering plan.
What I Know
Answer the following questions. Select your answers from the options provided.
Encircle the letter of your choice.
1. Which of the following words refers to a piece of information?
A. Data
B. Datum
C. Gossip
D. Knowledge
2. What type of data collection method gathers information using your sensory
organs?
A. Analysis of data
B. Content analysis
C. Observation
D. Survey
3. What word refers to a set of written questions with a choice of answers?
A. Questionnaire
B. Research
C. Survey
D. Test
4. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group of data collection
methods?
A. Experiment
B. Interview
C. Observation
D. Survey
5. Which of the following is described as unpublished data?
A. Articles
B. Books
C. Primary data
D. Secondary data
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Lesson
Data Collection Procedure
1
What’s In
Before we start with the lesson, let us first review the different types of
quantitative research designs. What are the types of experimental and non-
experimental research designs? Write these on the chart below.
Experimental
Research Design
Types of
Quantitative
Research Designs
Non-
Experimental
Research Designs
What’s New
A. Before Reading Activity
Have you experienced answering a survey? What comes in your mind when
you hear the word “survey”?
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B. During Reading Activity
Examine the sample survey below.
Please rate our product or services for the following parameters:
Variables Very Satisfied Dissatisfied Very
Satisfied Dissatisfied
Quality
Speed
Value for money
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C. After Reading Activity
After you examined the above sample survey, what do you think is the
research topic? Defend your answer. Use the lines provided for your answer.
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What is It
Plan Data Collection Procedure
To help you find the answers to your developed research questions, you must
understand the different methods of data collection, its uses, and appropriateness to
your chosen research design.
You must remember the two classifications of data which are primary data and
secondary data. Primary data are those unpublished sources of data that are
collected personally by the investigator or by the researcher utilizing different
methods like using questionnaires, conducting interviews, observations and many
others. Here, the respondents supply the data or information about the research
problem such as facts, attitudes, feelings, judgments, psychomotor skills, and
results of test and experiments. On the other hand, secondary data are sources of
data which are published by other people such as books, records, newspapers, data
archives, internet articles, research articles, journals, databases and more.
As defined, quantitative data are pieces of measureable information expressed
numerically and related to a metrical system that become useful as they give answers
to your research questions. (Davidson n.d.; Russell 2013; Creswell 2013). Based on
this definition, quantitative data is numerical in nature and can be mathematically
computed (Kabir 2016).
Why do you think it is important for the researcher to understand the sources of data?
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Methods of Quantitative Research
1. Survey
The most popular data gathering method often uses a predetermined set of
questions that is given to a sample to assess thoughts, opinions, and feelings.
There are two data-gathering instruments that can be used in this method. First
is using questionnaires, which are structured sets of questions that are answered
by participants, that can be administered electronically, by mail, by phone or
face-to-face. Another is by conducting a structured or standardized interview in
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which the researcher is the interviewer that collects the data by orally asking a
set of structured questions to the research participant or the interviewee. Aside
from face-to-face, the other forms of interview are through the use of telephone
or other electronic devices. Responses collected from these instruments will be
subjected to statistical analysis.
2. Experiment
This method of collecting data is the most rigorous in which it requires the
scientific method in testing a hypothesis, the cause and effect relationship of
certain phenomena under controlled conditions. There are three features in this
method. First, the researcher will manipulate the independent variable(s).
Second, subjects will be randomly assigned to different treatment levels. And
third, the dependent variables will be observed based on the results after the
treatment (Bhattacherjee 2012). More so, this method having the elements of
subjects, pre-test, treatment, and post-test do not operate only for examining
causal relationships, but it can also be used for discovering, verifying, and
illustrating theories, hypothesis, or facts (Edmond 2013; Morgan 2014; Picardie
2014).
3. Content Analysis
Content analysis is a quantitative data-collection method that makes the
researcher search through several oral or written forms of communication to find
answers to their research questions. For Byrman (2008), it is “an approach to the
analysis of documents and texts that seeks to quantify content in terms of
predetermined categories and in a systematic and replicable manner.” Therefore,
instead of collecting data from people, you are gathering data from recorded
information in text, media, or physical items.
Among the three methods, which is the most appropriate to your study? Explain
your answer.
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Design a Plan for Procedures to be used in Data Collection
❖ Research Design
✓ Indicate the reasons why you opt to use a particular research
design.
✓ Specify the form of data collection and your rationale.
❖ Population and Sample
✓ Describe the population in the study.
✓ Identify how individuals will be selected and describe the sampling
procedure.
❖ Research Instrument
✓ Identify the survey instrument to be used in your study.
✓ Indicate the parts and its content.
❖ Data Gathering Procedure
✓ Narrate the procedure of data gathering needed for your study.
Proper channeling and communications must be observed.
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❖ Data Analysis
✓ Discuss the statistical treatment to be used for analyzing the
collected data.
What’s More
Answer the activities that follow to practice your knowledge and skill about
the topic about quantitative data.
Activity 1
Provide words or phrases that will define quantitative data.
Quantitative
Data
Activity 2
Using the table below, compare and contrast each pair of expression.
Pair of Expression Comparison Contrast
Primary data vs.
Secondary data
Overt observation vs. Covert
observation
Questionnaire vs.
Interview
Pre-test vs.
Post-Test
Content analysis vs. Survey
Research
Structured data vs.
Unstructured data
Observation vs. Experiment
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Activity 3
Answer each question concisely. Use the lines provided for your answer.
1. Explain briefly how observation method of data collection can be utilized?
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2. Your research is about the importance of employment issues in political campaigns
in the Philippines during election. Your intention is to analyze how the candidate
gave importance on the issue of employment in his or her campaign speeches. What
data collection method is most appropriate to use? Why?
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3. Why do you think experimental data collection method is the most rigorous?
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4. Describe the two data collection instruments under survey method of data collection.
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5. The survey questionnaire is the most popular data collection method due to its many
advantages compared to the other methods. As a researcher, what are your thoughts
on the following advantages of using a survey questionnaire:
a) Easy to construct:
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b) Distribution is easy and inexpensive:
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c) Responses are easy to tabulate:
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What I Have Learned
In this module, you have studied about data collection procedure. Express
what you have learned by answering the questions below.
1. What are the two categories of data?
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2. What is quantitative data?
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3. What are the common types of quantitative data collection?
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4. Why is it important to correctly plan the data collection procedures in
doing a research? Give at least 3 reasons.
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What I Can Do
Apply what you have learned in this module by doing this activity.
Examine your research and answer the following questions.
1. What is the title of your research?
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2. What is the focus of your research (Independent/Dependent Variables)?
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3. What are your study’s research questions?
Research Question 1
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Research Question 2
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4. What is the research design of your study?
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5. Who are the participants of your study?
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6. What survey instrument will be used?
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Rubric for marking:
Exceptional Good Fair
(10 pts.) (6 pts.) (3 pts.)
Data Collection The study was The study was Some details are
Procedure described in described in missing, and the
sufficient detail. sufficient detail methods of data
Data collection with one or two collection
procedures are all details lacking. procedure are not
described Data collection appropriate with
appropriately with procedures are all the research topic.
the research topic. described
appropriately with
the research topic.
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Assessment
Answer the following questions. Select your answers from the options provided.
Encircle the letter of your choice.
1. Which data collection instrument is self-completed by participants?
A. Content analysis
B. Observation
C. Questionnaire
D. Survey
2. What data collection method requires the scientific method of testing the cause
and effect of the variables?
A. Experiment
B. Interview
C. Observation
D. Survey
3. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the group in terms of the
elements of subject?
A. Hypothesis
B. Post-test
C. Pre-test
D. Treatment
4. What section of a research can the researchers discuss the parts and content of
the survey questionnaire?
A. Data analysis
B. Data gathering procedure
C. Research design
D. Research instrument
5. Which of the following refers to the pieces of measurable information?
A. Content Analysis
B. Level of measurement
C. Qualitative data
D. Quantitative data
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Additional Activities
Enumerate the Four Levels of Measurement
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Post-test
Practical Research 2
Quarter 2- Module 5 Data Collection Procedure
Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number.
1. Using the survey method of quantitative research, a researcher can use
two data gathering instruments: questionnaire and _____?
A. E-mail C. Mail survey
B. Interview D. Phone survey
2. Which of the following refers to a tool used to collect, measure, and analyze
data related to your research study?
A. Research instrument C. Research questions
B. Research problem D. Research survey
3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
A. Books C. News paper
B. Internet articles D. Observations
4. What sub-section of a research discusses the sampling procedures?
A. Data gathering procedure C. Research design
B. Population and sample D. Research instrument
5. Which of the following words refers to a piece of information?
A. Data C. Gossip
B. Datum D. Knowledge
6. What sub-section of a research can a researcher narrate the data collection
of the study?
A. Data analysis C. Research design
B. Data gathering procedure D. Research instrument
7. Which of the following is described as unpublished data?
A. Articles C. Primary data
B. Books D. Secondary data
8. What word refers to a set of written questions with a choice of answers?
A. Questionnaire C. Survey
B. Research D. Test
9. Which of the following does NOT explain survey?
A. Administered electronically
B. Administered face-to-face
C. Gathering data from recorded information
D. Predetermined set of questions
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10. Which data collection instrument is self-completed by participants?
A. Content analysis C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey
11. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the group in terms
of the elements of subject?
A. Hypothesis C. Pre-test
B. Post-test D. Treatment
12. What section of a research can the researchers discuss the parts and
content of the survey questionnaire?
A. Data analysis C. Research design
B. Data gathering procedure D. Research instrument
13. In quantitative research, a researcher must collect pieces of
information that is ______ and will give answers to research questions.
A. Important C. Significant
B. Measureable D. Vital
14. Given this type of question “How would you rate your teacher’s
performance?” What category of scales of measurement is most
appropriate?
A. Interval scale C. Ordinal scale
B. Nominal scale D. Ratio scale
15. Which of the following refers to the pieces of measurable information?
A. Content Analysis
B. Level of measurement
C. Qualitative data
D. Quantitative data
13
Post-test
Practical Research 2
Quarter 2- Module 5 Data Collection Procedure
Write the letter of the correct answer on the space before the number.
16. Using the survey method of quantitative research, a researcher can
use two data gathering instruments: questionnaire and _____?
E. E-mail G. Mail survey
F. Interview H. Phone survey
17. Which of the following refers to a tool used to collect, measure, and
analyze data related to your research study?
E. Research instrument G. Research questions
F. Research problem H. Research survey
18. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group?
E. Books G. News paper
F. Internet articles H. Observations
19. What sub-section of a research discusses the sampling procedures?
E. Data gathering procedure G. Research design
F. Population and sample H. Research instrument
20. Which of the following words refers to a piece of information?
A. Data C. Gossip
B. Datum D. Knowledge
21. What sub-section of a research can a researcher narrate the data
collection of the study?
E. Data analysis G. Research design
F. Data gathering procedure H. Research instrument
22. Which of the following is described as unpublished data?
A. Articles C. Primary data
B. Books D. Secondary data
23. What word refers to a set of written questions with a choice of
answers?
A. Questionnaire C. Survey
B. Research D. Test
24. Which of the following does NOT explain survey?
E. Administered electronically
F. Administered face-to-face
G. Gathering data from recorded information
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H. Predetermined set of questions
25. Which data collection instrument is self-completed by participants?
A. Content analysis C. Questionnaire
B. Observation D. Survey
26. Which of the following words does NOT belong to the group in terms
of the elements of subject?
E. Hypothesis G. Pre-test
F. Post-test H. Treatment
27. What section of a research can the researchers discuss the parts and
content of the survey questionnaire?
E. Data analysis G. Research design
F. Data gathering procedure H. Research instrument
28. In quantitative research, a researcher must collect pieces of
information that is ______ and will give answers to research questions.
E. Important G. Significant
F. Measureable H. Vital
29. Given this type of question “How would you rate your teacher’s
performance?” What category of scales of measurement is most
appropriate?
E. Interval scale G. Ordinal scale
F. Nominal scale H. Ratio scale
30. Which of the following refers to the pieces of measurable information?
E. Content Analysis
F. Level of measurement
G. Qualitative data
H. Quantitative data
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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Second Quarter- Module 5
Data Collection Procedure
Answer Key
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References
Books
Calderon, J.F. Methods of Research and Thesis Writing. Philippines.
National Book Store, 2010
Creswell, J.W. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and
Mixed Method Approaches, 4 th ed. Los Angeles: Sage, 2014.
Russell, B. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative
approaches Los Angeles: Sage, 2013.
Internet Sources
https://www.springboard.com/blog/quantitative-data/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325846997
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Development Team of the Module
Writer: Nereo S. Saliva (CIS)
Editors: Nieves T. Salazar, Ph.D. (PHS)
Internal Reviewer: Janet S. Cajuguiran (EPS-English)
External Reviewer: Richard Deanne C. Sagun (ADMU Professor)
Illustrator: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Layout Artist: Marexcza Z. Salinas (PHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent
Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Janet S. Cajuguiran
Education Program Supervisor-English
Ivy Coney A. Gamatero
EPS – LRMS
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Schools Division Office- Marikina City
191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines
Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989
Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph
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