DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
PART 1
ENGR. PETER BENJAMIN B. OBIANO
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
• SUMMARY OF TOPICS:
• Limits of Functions
• Derivatives
• Partial Derivatives
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMITS OF A FUNCTION
• The limit, L, of a function f(x) at a point a in its domain (if it
exists) is the value that the function approaches as its argument
approaches a. The notation is as follows:
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 2
𝑥→0
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMIT PROPERTIES
If the function we are
examining is continuous
at x = a, the limit of the
function f(x) as x
approaches a can be
obtained by simply
evaluating the function at
point a.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMIT PROPERTIES
If the function we are
examining is continuous
at x = a, the limit of the
function f(x) as x
approaches a can be
obtained by simply
evaluating the function at
point a.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMIT PROPERTIES
1. The limit of a constant, k, is equal to the constant, k.
lim k = k
x→a
lim f x = A and lim g x = B and A and B are
2. Assuming that the x→a x→a
real numbers, then:
lim f x + g x = lim f x + lim g x = A + B
x→a x→a x→a
lim f x − g x = lim f x − lim g x = A − B
x→a x→a x→𝑎
lim f x ∙ g x = lim f x ∙ lim g x = A ∙ B
x→a x→a x→𝑎
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMIT PROPERTIES
lim f x = A and lim g x = B and A
3. Assuming that the x→a x→a
and B are real numbers and 𝐵 ≠ 0, then:
f x lim f x A
x→a
lim = =
x→a g x lim g x B
x→𝑎
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
LIMIT PROPERTIES
lim f x = A and A and n are real
4. Assuming that the x→a
numbers, then
n
n
lim f x = lim f x = An
x→a x→a
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THE SEVEN INDETERMINATE FORMS
0
1. 0 5. -
2. 0
6. 0 x
3. 1
7.
0
4.
0
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
1. Evaluate:
𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝐱 − 𝟒𝐱 + 𝟔
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
2. Evaluate:
𝟐 + 𝟖𝒕
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐭→−𝟐 𝟐
𝒕 +𝟑
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
3. Evaluate:
𝒙𝟐
− 𝟑𝟔
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐭→−𝟔
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐𝟒
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
4. Evaluate:
𝟐
𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟕𝒚 + 𝟖
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐲→𝟖
𝟖−𝒚
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
5. Evaluate:
𝟑 𝟐
𝒙 −𝒙 +𝒙−𝟔
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟐
𝒙−𝟐
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6. Evaluate:
𝒙−𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→𝟒
𝒙−𝟒
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7. Evaluate:
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙
𝐥𝐢𝐦→𝟎
𝒙
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
8. Evaluate:
sin 3x cos 5x + cos 3x sin 5x
lim
x→0 8x 2 + 16x
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
9. Evaluate:
𝟑
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝒙→∞
𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝟓
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
10. Evaluate:
𝟐
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟑
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→∞
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
11. Evaluate:
𝟒
𝟑𝒙 − 𝟗𝒙 + 𝟑
𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐱→∞
𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
ONE – SIDED LIMIT
• A one – sided limit only considers values of a function that
approaches a value from either above or below.
• The right-side limit of a function f as it approaches a is the limit
lim+ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
• The left-side limit of a function f as it approaches a is the limit
lim− 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝐿
𝑥→𝑎
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
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12. Evaluate:
Calculate:
𝑥^2 − 4
lim−
𝑥→2 𝑥−2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
13. Evaluate:
Calculate:
𝑥^2
lim
𝑥→2 𝑥^2 − 4
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVES
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF ALGEBRAIC FUNCTIONS
d
1. (c) = 0
dx
d n n -1 du
2. (u ) = nu
dx dx
d dv du
3. (uv) = u +v
dx dx dx
du dv
v −u
d u
4. = dx 2 dx
dx v v
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS
d log a e du
1. (log a u) = → a 0,1
dx u dx
d 1 du
2. (ln u) =
dx u dx
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
d u du
1. (a ) = a ln a
u
dx dx
d u u du
2. (e ) = e
dx dx
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
d du d du
1. (sin u) = cos u 4. (cot u) = -csc u
2
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
2. (cos u) = -sin u 5. (sec u) = sec u tan u
dx dx dx dx
d 2 du d du
3. (tan u) = sec u 6. (csc u) = -csc u cot u
dx dx dx dx
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
d 1 du d - 1 du
1. (sin u) =
-1
4. (cot u) =
-1
dx 1 - u dx
2 dx 1 + u dx
2
d - 1 du d 1 du
2. (cos u) =
-1 5. (sec u) =
-1
dx 1- u 2 dx dx u u 2
− 1 dx
d 1 du d 1 du
3. (tan u) =
-1 6. (csc u) =
-1
dx 1 + u 2 dx dx u u − 1 dx
2
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
DERIVATIVE OF HYPERBOLIC TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
14. Differentiate: 𝒚 = √(𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙^𝟐)
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
15. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐𝒙
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16. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟑𝒙
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17. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝑨𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟒𝒙 𝟐
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𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝟒
18. Differentiate: 𝒚 =
𝟏−𝒙 𝟔
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𝟑 𝟑
19. Differentiate: 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 + 𝟏
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
𝟐𝒙−𝟓
20. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏
𝟑−𝟒𝒙
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21. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
22. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒉𝟐 𝟒𝒙
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
𝟒 𝒍𝒏𝒙−𝟐 .
23. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 𝒆
𝟐
A. 2x C. 8x
B. 4x D. 10x
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
24. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒉 𝟒𝒙 .
A. 4 tanh(4x) C. 4sech(4x)
B. 4 sinh(4x) D. 4cosh(4x)
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
25. Differentiate: 𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 / 𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 .
𝒙 𝟑𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟐𝟒 − 𝒙𝟐
𝐀. 𝐂.
𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟑
𝒙 𝟏𝟖 − 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝟐𝟎 − 𝒙𝟐
𝐁. 𝐃.
𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟑 𝟏𝟔 − 𝒙𝟐 𝟑
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
26. Given the function 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎. Find y’.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
27. Find y’ of the function 𝒙𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒚 + 𝒚𝟏𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒙 = 𝟐𝒙
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
28. Find y’ of the function 𝟕𝒚𝟐 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒚𝟒
−𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑𝒙
𝑨. 𝑪.
𝟏𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟑 𝟏𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟑
−𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟑𝒙
𝑩. 𝑫.
𝟏𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟑 𝟏𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒𝒚𝟑
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𝟐
29. Find the second derivative of 𝒚 = 𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟏
𝟐
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
30. Find y’’ of 𝟑
𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙 𝟐
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
31. Find the 50th derivative of f(x) = sin(x) – cos(x) with
respect to x.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
32. Given the function 𝒙𝟒 + 𝟔 𝒚 − 𝟏𝟎. Find the first partial
derivative with respect to y.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
• 33. If 𝑧 = (2𝑥 2 𝑦 −3 ), which of the following expression equivalent
𝛿𝑧 𝛿𝑧
to where denotes partial derivative of z with respect to y?
𝛿𝑦 𝛿𝑦
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
• 34. If 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑦 2 cos 𝑥 − 𝑥 3 ln 𝑦 , find the second partial
𝜕2 𝑓
derivative 𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥
.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
• 35. If f(2)=12 and f’(2)=-3, then the value of the function f at 2.02 is
f (2.02)=______.
DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 1
ENGR. PETER BENJAMIN B. OBIANO
