A MAJOR PROJECT
DESIGN OF A LPG CARRIER
Submitted by
T.GANESH(ANA 16025)
&
K.VIJAY(ANA 16029)
for the partial fulfillment of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING s
in
NAVAL ARCHITECTURE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE & OFFSHORE ENGINEERING
AMET UNIVERSITY
MAY 2020
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the major project entitled “DESIGN OF A LIQUIEFIED PETROLEUM
GAS”submitted by
Mr. T.GANESH & Mr. K.VIJAY to the Department of Naval Architecture & Offshore
Engineering, AMET, India for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering is a bonafide
record of technical work carried out by him/her under my supervision. The contents of this
project, in full or in parts, have not been submitted to any other institute or university for the
award of any degree or diploma.
….………………. ….….…………
Signature Signature
(Guide) (HOD)
Mr. Prasob Mr. MSP. Raju
Assistant Professor Associate Professor
Department of Naval Architecture & Offshore Department of Naval Architecture & Offshore
Engineering Engineering
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation and deeply indebted to
D. K. Naval Technologies where I completed my Major Project as Intern. And also, sincere
gratitude to Mr. Muthu Palaniyappan (M.D of the Company), and also to Mr. Trilok, Mr.
Vignesh and Mr. Raghul for all their valuable guidance and support during this thesis wok. Their
dedication of work remain a source of inspiration to me.
I am deeply indebted to Mr. Prasob, my guide, for his valuable guidance, encouragement and
support during the thesis work. His sincerity to work remain as source of inspiration to me.
No words can express my deep sense of gratitude for Mr. MSP.Raju, Professor and The Head,
Department of Naval Architecture and Offshore Engineering, for his constant encouragement
and moral support throughout the research work.
I am thankful to my review committee members, for their critical evaluation and creative
suggestions that have been impressively fruitful for this research work.
T.GANESH
K.VIJAY
Date:
Place: Chennai, India.
ABSTRACT
This LPG is designed for recreational purpose and importantly it is designed for transporting the
gas. And the LPG accommodates 24 passengers including crew members and it is equipped with
the latest and most comfort equipment’s for the better of people on board.
As explained above this project shows a design of a LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS for the
cargo transport purpose.
It is designed to sail from port of los Angeles (united state of America) to Pulac bukom
(singapore ) with a speed of 17 knots.
And also this design of LPG covers the chapters like Parentship Analysis, Lines Plan,
hydrostatics, Resistance and Powering, Rudder and Propeller calculation, stability, Capacity
calculations, General Arrangements, Scantling calculation, Weight estimation, Tonnage
calculations, Freeboard calculation and with Specialization topic.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................i
ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................iv
LIST OF TABELS……………………………………………………………………….v
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………...vi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction & Objective……….............................................................................8
1.2 Owner’s Requirment……………..........................................................................8-15
1.3 Literature survey………………………………………………………………….
CHAPTER 2 PARENT SHIP ANALYSIS, MAIN DIMENSIONS, LINES PLAN
2.1 General....................................................................................................................16
2.2 Parentship analysis................................................................................................16
2.3 Main dimension evaluation.....................................................................................16
2.4 Lines plan.............................................................................................................17-18
CHAPTER 3 HYDROSTATICS
3.1 General……………………………………………………………
3.2 Hydrostatics Calculation
3.3 Hydrostatics Graph
CHAPTER 4 RESISTANCE, POWERING, AND ENGINE SELECTION
4.1 Resistance.............................................................................................................20-21
4.2 Powering………………..........................................................................................22
4.3 Engine Selection......................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 5 RUDDER AND PROPELLER CLEARANCE CALCULATION
5.1 Rudder Calculation
5.2 Propeller Clearance calculation
CHAPTER 6 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT AND CAPACITY CALCULATION
AND EQUIPMENT NO. CALCULATION
6.1 Capacity calculation...............................................................................................23
6.2 General arrangement………………………….......................................................24
6.3 Equipment number
CHAPTER 7 SCANTLING CALCULATION
7.1 Scantling Calculation ……………………………………………………………25-27
7.2 Scantling Midship drawing………………... …….…………………............28
CHAPTER 8 TONNAGE
8.1 Tonnage calculation……………………………………………………….39
CHAPTER 9 FREEBOARD
9.1 Freeboard calculation…………………………………………………….40
CHAPTER 10 STABILITY
10.1 Stability (KN curves)……………………………………..41
10.2 Stability (using Maxsurf)………………………………………………42
CHAPTER 11 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 Summary……………………………………………………………………44
11.2 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………..44
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………….….….…45
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 – Parentship analysis………………………………………………..…….16
Table 2.2 – Principle particulars………………………………………….…….…….16
Table 2.3 – Final offset….………………………………………...…....17
Table 2.4 – Hydrostatics …… ……………………………………………….............19
Table 3.1 –LPG particulars …………………………………………….…….……...20
Table 3.2 – Total resistance calculation………………………………….…….……..21
Table 3.3 – Powering calculation……………………………………….………….....22
Table 4.1 – Capacity calculation………………………………………………….......23
Table 5.1 – KN values ……………………………………………….……….………26
Table 5.2 – KN values …………………………………………………….….………27
Table 5.4 – LPG main particulars…………………………………………………….….….28
Table 5.5 – Equipment number …………………………………… ………….……..28
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure (1.1& 1.2) LPG carrier in a canal……………………………………….…….8
Figure 2.1 – Profile plan………………………………………………………..….……18
Figure 2.2 Half breadth plan………………………………………………........….18
Figure 2.3- Body plan………………………………………………………...….……..18
Figure 2.4 – Hydrostatic curve………………………………………………..…….......19
Figure 3 – Engine specification………………………………………………….........22
Figure (4.1 – 4.4) – General arrangement drawing……………………....……..……….24
Figure (5.1 – 5.2 ) – Stability draw………………………………………….……….…25
Figure (5.3 & 5.4) – KN graph …………………………….….….….…26-27
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Gas carrier ships are especially designed ocean-going vessels that are dedicated for transporting all types of
liquefied natural gases (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) to their destinations. These ships are
inbuilt with tankers of plain surface, spherical or cylindrical shape to carry the gas. Capacity of a gas carriers
depends on the trade for which it was constructed and ranges from 3,500 –1, 50,000 m3.
1.1 OWNWER’S REQUIRMENT
S.NO. DESCRIPTION VALUE UNIT
1. Type of vessel LPG CARRIER
2. Speed 17 Knots
Cruising speed 15 Knots
3. Route (from Singapore to
US)
4. DeadWeight 18000 t
Table 1.1
1.3 LITERATURE SURVEY
1.3.1. INTRODUCTION
LNG carriers are specialized ships designed to transport Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG).They are fitted with
insulated double-hulled tanks, designed to contain the cargo slightly above atmospheric pressure at a cryogenic
temperature of approximately -169°C. An average LNG carrier presents tank capacity about 160,000 m and
typically, the storage tanks operate at 0.3 barg with a design pressure of 0.7 barg. LNG presents typically density
between 430 and 470 kg/m, depending on its composition and state. The LNG is composed predominantly by
methane (CH4), as well as ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and nitrogen (N2).
Figure 1.1
1.3.2 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES
The choice of cargo tank materials is dictated by the minimum service temperature and, to a
lesser degree, by compatibility with the cargoes carried. The most important property to
consider in the selection of cargo tank materials is the low-temperature toughness. This
consideration is vital as most metals and alloys (except aluminium) become brittle below a
certain temperature.
Thermal insulation may be applied to various surfaces, depending on the design of the
containment system. For Type 'B' and 'C' containment systems, insulation is applied directly to
the cargo tank's outer surfaces. For Type 'A' cargo tanks insulation can be applied either
directly to the cargo tank or to the inner hull (if fitted) although its application to the cargo tank
is more common.
CHAPTER 2
PARENTSHIP ANALYSIS, MAIN DIMENSIONS, LINES PLAN
2.1 GENERAL
The Parentsip analysis is done with various LPG and the main dimensions are fixed using the method
of standard series. Once the main dimensions are fixed the the lines plan is also drawn in AutoCAD
2.3 MAIN DIMENSIONS
Parameters Values Units
LOA 157.3 m
LBP 151.7 m
B 25 m
D 14 m
T 8.6 m
SPEED 17 knots
Cb 0.77 -
Table 2.2: Principle particulars of LPG
2.4 LINES PLAN
It is the 2D plan which includes body plan, profile plan and half breadth plan. A series of plane parallel
and above the base line are imagined at the regular intervals, usually at every meter.
Each plane will intersect the vessels hull and from the lines at the points of intersection. These lines are
called waterlines and are all projected onto a single plane called the half breadth.
2.4.1 OFFSET
Table 2.3: Final offset
2.4.2 LINES PLAN AutoCAD DRAWING
Figure 2.1: Profile Plan
Figure 2.2: Half breadth plan
Figure 2.3: Body plan
CHAPTER 3
HYDROSTATICS
3.1 GENERAL
Some Characteristics Parameters calculated for the floating ship, which can either directly be used to
comment on nature of stability of ship or be used to evaluate the stability. And the parameters are
AWP - AREA OF WATER PLANE
LCF - LONGITUDINAL CENTRE OF FLOATATION
LCB - LONGITUDINAL CENTER OF BUYONCY
VCB - VERTICAL CENTRE OF BUYONCY
KB - HEIGHT OF BUYONCY
TPC -TONNES PER CENTIMETRE IMMERSION
BML -LONGITUDINAL METACENTRIC RADIUS
BMT -TRANSEVERSE METACENTRIC RADIUS
KML - LONGITUDINAL METACENTRIC HEIGHT
KMT - TRANSEVERSE METACENTRIC HEIGHT
MCT - MOMENT TO CHANGE TRIM
CB - BLOCK COEFFICIENT
CP - PRISMATIC COEFFICIENT
CM - MIDSHIP COEFFICIENT
LWL - LENGTH OF WATER LINE
DFW - DENSITY OF FRESH WATER
DSW - DENSITY OF SEA WATER
IL - LONGITUDINAL MOMENT OF INERTIA
IT - TRANSEVERSE MOMENT OF INERTIA
CW - WATER PLANE COEFFICIENT
MCR - MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS RATING
3.2 HYDROSTATIC CALCULATION
Table 3.1: Hydrostatics table
3.2 HYDROSTATIC GRAPH
Figure 3.1: Hydrostatics curve
CHAPTER 4
RESISTANCE, POWERING, AND ENGINE SELECTION
4.1 RESISTANCE:
METHOD: VAN OOTMERSUM
4.1.1 RESISTANCE MANUAL CALCULATION RESULT
Total Resistance 976.80 KN
Table 4.1: Resistance manual calculation output
4.1.2 RESISTANCE (USING MAXSURF)
Table 4.2: Total resistance calculation (maxsurf )
4.1.3 WAVE FIELD (TOP VIEW)
Figure 4.1: Wave field of a LPG (Top View)
4.1.4 WAVE FIELD (SIDE VIEW)
Figure 4.2: Wave field of a yacht (Side View)
4.2 POWERING
Table 4.3: Powering Calculation
4.3 ENGINE SELECTION
The output total engine brake power will be in KW or in HP. From the above calculated
Powering calculation the power is distributed into two engines and on that basis the
Engines are selected.
MCR 20003.61945
ENGINE 1 10001.80973
ENGINE2 10001.80973
Table 4.4: Engine Power in KW (HP)
4.3.1 ENGINE MODEL
Figure 4.4: Selected Engine
CHAPTER 5
RUDDER AND PROPELLER CLEARANCE CALCULATION
5.1 RUDDER AREA CALCULATION
21.904143
Area of rudder AR 31 m^2
(T*LBP/100)*(1+(25*(B/
LBP)^2))
RUDDER DESIGN
RUDDER GEOMETRY
X 0.623
5.6978571
b 43 span
3.8442773
c 77 chord
1.4821659
Aspect ratio 79
RUDDER MAXIMUM
ANGLE
RUDDER Deflection
angle 30-35 deg
RUDDER PROFILE
Tapper ratio 0.5
5.1257031
root chord Cr 69
2.5628515
tip chord Ct 84
Table 5.1: Rudder Area Calculation
5.2 PROPELLER CLEARANCE CALCULATION
5.2.1 PROPELLER DIAMETER
Required clearance of propeller from
rudder (a):
a= 0.38 m
Required clearance of propeller from
hull (b):
b= 0.722 m
Required clearance of propeller from
hull (c):
c= 0.988 m
Required clearance of propeller from
baseline (d):
d= 0.133 m
Table 5.2: Propeller diameter calculation
5.2.2 SHAFT DIAMETER
shaft diameter
D 100*K*((H/R)*(C1/U+C2))^0.33333 374.0646906
K 1.1
C1 560
C2 160
U 800
R 178
Table 5.3: Shaft diameter calculation
5.2.3 PROPELLER CLEARANCE
Table 5.4 Propeller Clearance calculation
CHAPTER 6
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT, CAPACITY CALCULATION AND EQUIPMENT
NUMBER CALCULATION
6.1 TANK CAPACITY CALCULATION
6.1.1 LPG PARAMETERS
Table 6.1: LPG Parameters
6.1.2 ENGINE SPECIFICATION
ENGINE SPECIFICATION Values Units
Length 8271 mm
width 750 mm
height 1638 mm
weight 94 t
RPM 500
Table 6.2: Engine Specification
6.1.3 FUEL OIL TANK CAPACITY CALCULATION
FUEL CONSUMPTION 176 g / Kw h
FUEL CONSUMPTION for engine 608256000 g
FUEL CONSUMPTION by 2 engine 1216512 kg
FUEL CONSUMPTION FOR generator 656640000 g
FUEL CONSUMPTION by 2 generators 1313280 kg
REQUIRED VOLUME 2504.744554 m^3
Table 6.3: Fuel Oil Tank Capacity Calculation
6.1.5 LUBE OIL TANK CAPACITY CALCULATION
Table 6.5: Lube Oil Tank Capacity Calculation
6.1.6 FRESH WATER CAPACITY CALCULATION
Table 6.5: Fresh Water Tank Capacity Calculation
6.1.7 SEWAGE TANK CAPACITY CALCULATION
Table 6.6: Sewage Tank Capacity Calculation
6.2 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN
Figure 6.1 Profile View
Figure 6.2 half breadth
Figure 6.3 Main Deck
Figure 6.4 Navigation Deck
6.3 EQUIPMENT NUMBER CALCULATION
∆ 63999.86
∆^2/3 1600.00
H 17.98
A 1474.4
B 25
EN 2646.437718
Table 6.8: Equipment Number Calculation
Table 6.9: Equipments for EN
CHAPTER 7
SCANTLINGS
7.1 SCANTLING CALCULATION
7.1.1 BOTTOM PLATE
7.1.2 DECK PLATE
7.1.3 SIDESHELL PLATE
7.1.4 INNER BOTTOM PLATE
7.1.5 BILGE PLATE
7.1.7 STIFFNERS SECTION MODULUS
7.1.7 GIRDERS SECTION MODULUS
7.1.8 REQUIRED SECTION MODULUS
7.1.8 REQUIRED SECTION MODULUS
7.1.9 MINIMUM SECTION MODULUS
CHAPTER 8
TONNAGE CALCULATION
8.1 TONNAGE CALCULATION
Unit
Parameters Values
s
LOA 157.3 m
LBP 151.7 m
B 25 m
D 14 m
T 8.6 m
knot
SPEED 17
s
Cb 0.77
25113.93
UNDERWATER VOL. M^3
5
DISPLACEMENT 0.78925 t
9.1.1 GROSS TONNAGE AND NET TONNAGE
5.1.1 STABILITY
Figure 5.1: Stability drawing
Figure 5.2: Stability drawing
5.1.2 STABILITY CALCULATION:
5.1.2.1 KN values
Table 5.1: KN Values
5.1.2.2 KN graph
Figure 5.2: KN graph
5.1: EQUIPMENT NUMBER CALCULATION:
Parameters Values Units
LOA 157.3 m
LBP 151.7 m
B 25 m
D 14 m
T 8.6 m
SPEED 17 knots
Cb 0.77
UNDERWATER VOL. 25113.935 M^3
DISPLACEMENT 0.78925 t
Table 5.4 : LPG particulars
∆ 63999.86
∆^2/3 1600.00
H 17.98
A 1474.4
B 25
EN 2646.437718
Table 5.5 : Equipment number
CHAPTER 6
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
6.1 SUMMARY
A large number of merchant ships are designed and constructed for carrying different types of liquefied gas
from one port to another. Since cargo in gaseous form will take much more volume then when in liquid
condition, the gasses are condensed and liquefied for carrying in ships.
LPG carrier ;
Liquefies petroleum gas ships carriers LPG gas along with some other gasses like ammonia, propylene,
ethylene as their construction and equipments are suited to carry such gasses also.
It is concluded that the potential environmental impacts of this project are major. Besides the special
measures mentioned, other potential impacts can be adequately monitored and managed within Woodside's
current operating procedures and environmental management programme.
And also this design of LPG carrier covers the chapters like hydrostatics, general arrangement, stability ,
Scantling , tonnage calculations ,Equipment number,etc.,
6.2 CONCLUSION
To finally conclude this project concentrates in designing a LPG carrier /gas tanker ship designed for
transporting liquefied petroleum gas in bulk.
REFERENCES
1. 'Safe Havens for Disabled Gas Carriers', Society of International
Gas Tanker & Terminal Operators Ltd, Third Edition, February,
2003.
2. 'Ship Design and Construction', Editor T. Lamb, SNAME, Jersey City,
2004.
3. BOCKEN HAUER, M., 'Some notes on the practical application of
the IMCO Gas Carrier Code to pressure vessel type cargo tanks',
Proceedings of Conference with Exhibition, GASTECH, 1981.
4. SENJANOVIC, I., RUDAN, S., LJUSTINA, A.M., Remedy for
misalignment of bilobe cargo tanks in Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Carriers', Journal of Ship Production, Vol. 20, No.3, August 2004.
