JKRowling

J. K.
Rowling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 23
J. K. Rowling
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joanne "Jo" Rowling, OBE[2] (born 31 July 1965),[3] J. K. Rowling

better known as J. K. Rowling ( /ˈroʊlɪŋ/ ROH-
ling),[4] is a British author best known as the creator
of the Harry Potter fantasy series, the idea for which
was conceived on a train trip from Manchester to
London in 1990.[5] The Potter books have gained
worldwide attention, won multiple awards, sold more
than 400 million copies[6] and been the basis for a
popular series of films, in which Rowling had overall
approval on the scripts[7] as well as maintaining
creative control by serving as a producer on the final
instalment.[8]
Rowling is perhaps equally famous for her "rags to

riches" life story, in which she progressed from living
on benefits to multi-millionaire status within five
years. As of March 2011, when its latest world
billionaires list was published, Forbes estimated
Rowling at the Easter Egg Roll at White House
Rowling's net worth to be US$1 billion.[9] The 2008
Sunday Times Rich List estimated Rowling's fortune Born Joanne Rowling
at £560 million ($798 million), ranking her as the 31 July 1965 [1]
twelfth richest woman in Great Britain.[10] Forbes Yate, Gloucestershire, England
ranked Rowling as the forty-eighth most powerful
celebrity of 2007,[11] and Time magazine named her Occupation Novelist
as a runner-up for its 2007 Person of the Year, noting Nationality British
the social, moral, and political inspiration she has
given her fandom.[12] In October 2010, J. K. Rowling Education Bachelor of Arts
was named 'Most Influential Woman in Britain' by Genres Children's literature
leading magazine editors.[13] She has become a
notable philanthropist, supporting such charities as Subjects Wizards
Comic Relief, One Parent Families, Multiple Notable work(s) Harry Potter series
Sclerosis Society of Great Britain, and Lumos
(formerly the Children's High Level Group). Spouse(s) Jorge Arantes (m. 1992–1995)
Neil Murray (m. 2002–present)
Children 2 daughters, 1 son
Contents
Influences
■ 1 Name
■ 2 Background
■ 3 Harry Potter jkrowling.com (http://www.jkrowling.com)
■ 3.1 Harry Potter books
■ 3.2 Harry Potter films
■ 4 Life after Harry Potter
■ 4.1 Subsequent writing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._K._Rowling 14/05/2011
J. K. Rowling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 23
■ 4.2 Relationship with the press

■ 5 Philanthropy
■ 5.1 Anti-poverty
■ 5.2 Multiple sclerosis
■ 5.3 Other philanthropic work
■ 6 Political views
■ 7 Religious views
■ 8 Legal disputes
■ 9 Awards and honours
■ 10 Publications
■ 10.1 Harry Potter series
■ 10.2 Other books
■ 10.3 Short story
■ 10.4 Articles
■ 11 See also
■ 12 References
■ 13 External links
Name
Although she writes under the pen name "J. K. Rowling", pronounced like rolling ( /ˈroʊlɪŋ/),[14] her
name when her first Harry Potter book was published was simply "Joanne Rowling". Fearing that the
target audience of young boys might not want to read a book written by a woman, her publishers
demanded that she use two initials, rather than her full name. As she had no middle name, she chose K
as the second initial of her pen name, from her paternal grandmother Kathleen Ada Bulgen Rowling.
[15][16]
She calls herself "Jo" and has said, "No one ever called me 'Joanne' when I was young, unless
they were angry."[17] Following her marriage, she has sometimes used the name Joanne Murray when
conducting personal business.[18][19]
Background
Rowling was born to Peter James Rowling and Anne Rowling (née Volant), on 31 July 1965 in Yate,
Gloucestershire, England, 10 miles (16.1 km) northeast of Bristol.[20] Her sister Dianne (Di)[5] was born
at their home on 28 June 1967[21] when Rowling was 23 months old.[20] The family moved to the nearby
village Winterbourne when Rowling was four.[22] She attended St Michael's Primary School, a school
founded by abolitionist William Wilberforce and education reformer Hannah More.[23][24] Her
headmaster at St Michael's, Alfred Dunn, has been suggested as the inspiration for the Harry Potter
headmaster Albus Dumbledore.[25]
As a child, Rowling often wrote fantasy stories, which she would usually then read to her sister. She
recalls that "I can still remember me telling her a story in which she fell down a rabbit hole and was fed
strawberries by the rabbit family inside it. Certainly the first story I ever wrote down (when I was five or
six) was about a rabbit called Rabbit. He got the measles and was visited by his friends, including a
giant bee called Miss Bee."[14] At the age of nine, Rowling moved to the Gloucestershire village of
Tutshill, close to Chepstow, Wales.[20] When she was a young teenager, her great aunt, who Rowling
said "taught classics and approved of a thirst for knowledge, even of a questionable kind", gave her a
very old copy of Jessica Mitford's autobiography, Hons and Rebels.[26] Mitford became Rowling's
heroine, and Rowling subsequently read all of her books.[27]
She attended secondary school at Wyedean School and College, where her mother, Anne, had worked as
a technician in the Science Department.[28] Rowling has said of her adolescence, "Hermione [A bookish,
know-it-all Harry Potter character] is loosely based on me. She's a caricature of me when I was eleven,
which I'm not particularly proud of."[29] Sean Harris, her best friend in the Upper Sixth owned a
turquoise Ford Anglia, which she says inspired the one in her books. "Ron Weasley [Harry Potter's best
friend] isn't a living portrait of Sean, but he really is very Sean-ish."[30] Of her musical tastes of the time,
she said "My favourite group in the world is The Smiths. And when I was going through a punky phase,
it was The Clash."[31] Rowling read for a BA in French and Classics at the University of Exeter, which
she says was a "bit of a shock" as she "was expecting to be amongst lots of similar people– thinking
radical thoughts." Once she made friends with "some like-minded people" she says she began to enjoy
herself.[32] After a year of study in Paris, Rowling moved to London to work as a researcher and
bilingual secretary for Amnesty International.[33]
In 1990, while she was on a four-hour-delayed train trip from Manchester to London, the idea for a story
of a young boy attending a school of wizardry "came fully formed" into her mind.[34] She told The
Boston Globe that "I really don't know where the idea came from. It started with Harry, then all these
characters and situations came flooding into my head."[20][34] When she had reached her Clapham
Junction flat, she began to write immediately.[20][35]
However, in December of that year, Rowling’s mother died, after her ten-year battle with multiple
sclerosis.[20] Rowling commented, "I was writing Harry Potter at the moment my mother died. I had
never told her about Harry Potter."[19] Rowling said this death heavily affected her writing[19][36] and
that she introduced much more detail about Harry's loss in the first book, because she knew about how it
felt.[37]
Rowling then moved to Porto, Portugal to teach English as a foreign language.[27][5]While there, on 16
October 1992, she married Portuguese television journalist Jorge Arantes. Their child, Jessica Isabel
Rowling Arantes (named after Jessica Mitford), was born on 27 July 1993 in Portugal.[38] They
separated in November 1993.[38][39] In December 1993, Rowling and her daughter moved to be near her
sister in Edinburgh, Scotland.[20] During this period Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression,
and contemplated suicide.[40] It was the feeling of her illness which brought her the idea of Dementors,
soul-sucking creatures introduced in the third book.[41]
After Jessica's birth and the separation from her husband, Rowling had left her teaching job in Portugal
to spend time with her family.[5] Seven years after graduating from university, Rowling saw herself as
"the biggest failure I knew."[42] Her marriage had failed, she was jobless with a dependent child, but she
described her failure as liberating:
Failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I
“ was anything than what I was, and began to direct all my energy to finishing the only
work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have
found the determination to succeed in the one area where I truly belonged. I was set free,
because my greatest fear had been realized, and I was still alive, and I still had a
daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter, and a big idea. And so rock bottom
”
became a solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life. -- J. K. Rowling, Harvard

commencement address, 2008.[42]
In order to teach in Scotland she would need a postgraduate certificate of education (PGCE), requiring a
full-time, year-long course of study. She began this course in August 1995,[43] after completing her first
novel while having survived on state welfare support.[44] She wrote in many cafés, especially Nicolson's
Café,[45] whenever she could get Jessica to fall asleep.[20][46] In a 2001 BBC interview, Rowling denied
the rumour that she wrote in local cafés to escape from her unheated flat, remarking, "I am not stupid
enough to rent an unheated flat in Edinburgh in midwinter. It had heating." Instead, as she stated on the
American TV programme A&E Biography, one of the reasons she wrote in cafés was because taking her
baby out for a walk was the best way to make her fall asleep.[46]
Harry Potter
Harry Potter books
Main article: Harry Potter
In 1995, Rowling finished her manuscript for Harry Potter and

the Philosopher's Stone on an old manual typewriter.[48] Upon
the enthusiastic response of Bryony Evens, a reader who had
been asked to review the book’s first three chapters, the Fulham-
based Christopher Little Literary Agents agreed to represent
Rowling in her quest for a publisher. The book was submitted to
twelve publishing houses, all of which rejected the manuscript.
[38]
A year later she was finally given the green light (and a
£1500 advance) by editor Barry Cunningham from Bloomsbury,
a small publishing house in London.[38][49] The decision to
publish Rowling's book apparently owes much to Alice Newton,
the eight-year-old daughter of Bloomsbury’s chairman, who was
given the first chapter to review by her father and immediately
demanded the next.[50] Although Bloomsbury agreed to publish
"The Elephant House" – one of the
the book, Cunningham says that he advised Rowling to get a day
job, since she had little chance of making money in children’s cafés in Edinburgh in which Rowling
books.[51] Soon after, in 1997, Rowling received an £8000 grant wrote the first Harry Potter novel.[47]
from the Scottish Arts Council to enable her to continue writing.
[52]
The following spring, an auction was held in the United States for the rights to publish the novel, and
was won by Scholastic Inc., for $105,000. Rowling has said she "nearly died" when she heard the news.
[53]
In June 1997, Bloomsbury published Philosopher’s Stone with an initial print-run of 1000 copies, five
hundred of which were distributed to libraries. Today, such copies are valued between £16,000 and
£25,000.[54] Five months later, the book won its first award, a Nestlé Smarties Book Prize. In February,
the novel won the prestigious British Book Award for Children’s Book of the Year, and later, the
Children’s Book Award. Its sequel, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was published in July
1998.[55] In October 1998, Scholastic published Philosopher’s Stone in the US under the title of Harry
Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone: a change Rowling claims she now regrets and would have fought if she
had been in a better position at the time.[56]
In December 1999, the third novel, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, won the Smarties Prize,
making Rowling the first person to win the award three times running.[57] She later withdrew the fourth
Harry Potter novel from contention to allow other books a fair chance. In January 2000, Prisoner of
Azkaban won the inaugural Whitbread Children's Book of the Year award, though it lost the Book of the
Year prize to Seamus Heaney's translation of Beowulf.[58]
The fourth book, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, was released simultaneously in the UK and the
US on 8 July 2000, and broke sales records in both countries. Some 372,775 copies of the book were
sold in its first day in the UK, almost equalling the number Prisoner of Azkaban sold during its first
year.[59] In the US, the book sold three million copies in its first 48 hours, smashing all literary sales
records.[59] Rowling admitted that she had had a moment of crisis while writing the novel; "Halfway
through writing Four, I realised there was a serious fault with the plot ... I've had some of my blackest
moments with this book ... One chapter I rewrote 13 times, though no-one who has read it can spot
which one or know the pain it caused me."[60] Rowling was named author of the year in the 2000 British
Book Awards.[61]
A wait of three years occurred between the release of Goblet of Fire and the fifth Harry Potter novel,
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. This gap led to press speculation that Rowling had
developed writer's block, speculations she fervently denied.[62] Rowling later admitted that writing the
book was a chore. "I think Phoenix could have been shorter", she told Lev Grossman, "I knew that, and I
ran out of time and energy toward the end."[63]
The sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, was released on 16 July 2005. It too broke all
sales records, selling nine million copies in its first 24 hours of release.[64] While writing, she told a fan
online, "Book six has been planned for years, but before I started writing seriously I spend two months
re-visiting the plan and making absolutely sure I knew what I was doing."[65] She noted on her website
that the opening chapter of book six, which features a conversation between the Minister of Magic and
the British Prime Minister, had been intended as the first chapter first for Philosopher's Stone, then
Chamber of Secrets then Prisoner of Azkaban.[66] In 2006, Half-Blood Prince received the Book of the
Year prize at the British Book Awards.[67]
The title of the seventh and final Harry Potter book was revealed 21 December 2006 to be Harry Potter
and the Deathly Hallows.[68] In February 2007 it was reported that Rowling wrote on a bust in her hotel
room at the Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh that she had finished the seventh book in that room on 11
January 2007.[69] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows was released on 21 July 2007 (0:00 BST) and
broke its predecessor's record as the fastest-selling book of all time.[70] It sold 11 million copies in the
first day of release in the United Kingdom and United States.[70] She has said that the last chapter of the
book was written "in something like 1990", as part of her earliest work on the entire series.[71] During a
year period when Rowling was completing the last book, she allowed herself to be filmed for a
documentary which aired in Britain on ITV on 30 December 2007. It was entitled J K Rowling... A Year
In The Life and showed her returning to her old Edinburgh tenement flat where she lived, and completed
the first Harry Potter book.[72] Re-visiting the flat for the first time reduced her to tears, saying it was
"really where I turned my life around completely."[72]
Harry Potter is now a global brand worth an estimated £7 billion ($15 billion),[73] and the last four
Harry Potter books have consecutively set records as the fastest-selling books in history.[70][74] The
series, totalling 4,195 pages,[75] has been translated, in whole or in part, into 65 languages.[76]
The Harry Potter books have also gained recognition for sparking an interest in reading among the
young at a time when children were thought to be abandoning books for computers and television,[77]
although the series' overall impact on children's reading habits has been questioned.[78]
Harry Potter films

Main article: Harry Potter (film series)
In October 1998, Warner Bros. purchased the film rights to the

first two novels for a seven-figure sum.[79] A film adaptation of
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone was released on 16
November 2001, and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
on 15 November 2002.[80] Both films were directed by Chris
Columbus. 4 June 2004 saw the release of the film version of
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, directed by Alfonso
Cuarón. The fourth film, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire,
was directed by another new director, Mike Newell, and released
on 18 November 2005. The film of Harry Potter and the Order
of the Phoenix was released on 11 July 2007.[80] David Yates J. K. Rowling, producer David
directed, and Michael Goldenberg wrote the screenplay, having Heyman and director David Yates on
taken over the position from Steve Kloves. Harry Potter and the stage at the 2011 British Academy
Half-Blood Prince was released on 15 July 2009.[81][82] David Film Awards.
Yates directed again, and Kloves returned to write the script.[83]
In March 2008, Warner Bros. announced that the final instalment
of the series, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, would be filmed in two segments, with part one
being released in November 2010 and part two being released in July 2011. Yates would again return to
direct both films.[84][85]
Warner Bros took considerable notice of Rowling's desires and thoughts when drafting her contract. One
of her principal stipulations was the films be shot in Britain with an all-British cast, which has been
adhered to strictly.[86] In an unprecedented move, Rowling also demanded that Coca-Cola, the victor in
the race to tie in their products to the film series, donate $18 million to the American charity Reading is
Fundamental, as well as a number of community charity programs.[87]
The first four, sixth and seventh films were scripted by Steve Kloves; Rowling assisted him in the
writing process, ensuring that his scripts did not contradict future books in the series. She has said that
she told him more about the later books than anybody else (prior to their release), but not everything.[88]
She has also said that she told Alan Rickman (Severus Snape) and Robbie Coltrane (Hagrid) certain
secrets about their characters before they were revealed in the books.[89] Daniel Radcliffe (Harry Potter)
asked her if Harry died at any point in the series; Rowling answered him by saying, "You have a death
scene", thereby not explicitly answering the question.[90] Director Steven Spielberg was approached to
helm the first film, but dropped out. The press has repeatedly claimed that Rowling played a role in his
departure, but Rowling stated that she has no say in who directs the films and would not have vetoed
Spielberg if she had.[91] Rowling's first choice for the director had been Monty Python member Terry
Gilliam, as she is a fan of his work. However, Warner Bros. wanted a more family friendly film and
eventually they chose Chris Columbus, who was set to direct all seven entries in the series.[92] Columbus
declined to direct the succeeding films to the second adaptation as he claimed he was "burned out".[93][94]
This led to directors Alfonso Cuarón, Mike Newell and David Yates to join the series. Cuarón and
Newell helmed one film each, while Yates directed the final four entries, becoming the only person to
have guided more than one Harry Potter film since Columbus.[95]
Rowling had gained creative control on the films, approving all the scripts[96] as well as acting as a
producer on the final two-part instalment, Deathly Hallows.[97]
On her website, Rowling revealed that she was considered to have a cameo in the first film as Lily Potter
in the Mirror of Erised scene. Rowling, however, turned down the role, stating that she was not cut out
to be an actor and, "would have messed it up somehow".[98]
Rowling, producers David Heyman and David Barron, along with directors David Yates, Mike Newell
and Alfonso Cuarón collected the Michael Balcon Award for Outstanding British Contribution to
Cinema at the 2011 British Academy Film Awards in honour of the Harry Potter film franchise.[99]
Life after Harry Potter

Forbes has named Rowling as the first person to become a U.S.-dollar billionaire by writing books,[100]
the second-richest female entertainer and the 1,062nd richest person in the world.[101] When first listed
as a billionaire by Forbes in 2004, Rowling disputed the calculations and said she had plenty of money,
but was not a billionaire.[102] In addition, the 2008 Sunday Times Rich List named Rowling the 144th
richest person in Britain.[10] In 2001, Rowling purchased a luxurious 19th-century estate house,
Killiechassie House, on the banks of the River Tay, near Aberfeldy, in Perth and Kinross, Scotland.[103]
Rowling also owns a home in Merchiston, Edinburgh, and a £4.5 million ($9 million) Georgian house in
Kensington, West London,[104] on a street with 24-hour security.[105]
On 26 December 2001, Rowling married Neil Michael Murray (born 30 June 1971), an anaesthetist, in a
private ceremony at her Aberfeldy home.[106] This was a second marriage for both Rowling and Murray,
as Murray had previously been married to Dr. Fiona Duncan in 1996. Murray and Duncan separated in
1999 and divorced in the summer of 2001. Rowling's and Murray's son, David Gordon Rowling Murray,
was born on 24 March 2003.[107] Shortly after Rowling began writing Harry Potter and the Half-Blood
Prince she took a break from working on the novel to care for him in his early infancy.[108] Rowling's
youngest child, daughter Mackenzie Jean Rowling Murray, to whom she dedicated Harry Potter and the
Half-Blood Prince, was born 23 January 2005.[109]
Rowling is a close friend of Sarah Brown, wife of former British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, whom
she met when they collaborated on a charitable project (see below). When Brown's son Fraser was born
in 2003, Rowling was one of the first to visit her in the hospital.[110]
Rowling has received honorary degrees from St Andrews University, the University of Edinburgh,
Napier University, the University of Exeter,[111] the University of Aberdeen[112][113] and Harvard
University, for whom she spoke at the 2008 commencement ceremony.[114] In 2009 Rowling was
awarded the Légion d'honneur by French President Nicolas Sarkozy. She revealed publicly, during the
Elysée Palace ceremony, that her maternal grandfather was French and had also received the Légion
d'honneur for his bravery at the First World War battle of Verdun.[115]
Subsequent writing
Rowling has stated that she plans to continue writing.[116] In an interview with Stephen Fry in 2005,
Rowling claimed that she would much prefer to write any subsequent books under a pseudonym;
however, she conceded to Jeremy Paxman in 2003 that if she did, the press would probably "find out in
seconds."[117] In 2006, Rowling revealed that she had finished writing a few short stories and another
children's book (a "political fairy story") about a monster, aimed at a younger audience than Harry
Potter readers.[118]
As regards the possibility of an eighth Harry Potter book, she has said, "I can't say I'll never write
another book about that world just because I think, what do I know, in ten years' time I might want to
return to it but I think it's unlikely."[119] However, on 1 October 2010, JK Rowling had an interview with
Oprah stating a new book on the saga might happen.[120]
Rowling has said she will be writing an encyclopaedia of Harry Potter's wizarding world consisting of
various unpublished material and notes.[121] Any profits from such a book would be given to charity.[122]
During a news conference at Hollywood's Kodak Theatre in 2007, Rowling, when asked how the
encyclopaedia was coming along, said, "It's not coming along, and I haven't started writing it. I never
said it was the next thing I'd do."[123] As of the end of 2007, Rowling has said that the encyclopaedia
could take up to ten years to complete, stating "There is no point in doing it unless it is amazing. The last
thing I want to do is to rush something out".[72]
In July 2007, Rowling said that she wants to dedicate "lots" of her time to her family, but is currently
"sort of writing two things", one for children and the other for adults.[124] She did not give any details
about the two projects but did state that she was excited because the two book situation reminded her of
writing the Philosopher's Stone, explaining how she was then writing two books until Harry took over.
[125]
She stated in October 2007 that her future work was unlikely to be in the fantasy genre, explaining,
"I think probably I've done my fantasy ... it would be incredibly difficult to go out and create another
world that didn't in some way overlap with Harry's or maybe borrow a little too much from Harry."[126]
In November 2007, Rowling said that she was working on another book, a "half-finished book for
children that I think will probably be the next thing I publish."[127] In March 2008, Rowling confirmed
that her "political fairy tale" for children was nearing completion.[128]
In March 2008, Rowling revealed in interview that she had returned to writing in Edinburgh cafés, intent
on composing a new novel for children. "I will continue writing for children because that's what I
enjoy," she told The Daily Telegraph. "I am very good at finding a suitable café; I blend into the crowd
and, of course, I don't sit in the middle of the bar staring all around me."[129]
Relationship with the press

Rowling has had a difficult relationship with the press. She admits to being "thin-skinned" and dislikes
the fickle nature of reporting. "They went in one day from saying, 'She’s got writer’s block' to saying,
'She's been self-indulgent'", she told The Times in 2003, "And I thought, well, what a difference 24 hours
makes." However, Rowling disputes her reputation as a recluse who hates to be interviewed.[130] In
2001, the Press Complaints Commission upheld a complaint by Rowling over a series of unauthorised
photographs of her with her daughter on the beach in Mauritius published in OK! Magazine.[131] In 2007,
Rowling's young son, David, assisted by Rowling and her husband, lost a court fight to ban publication
of a photograph of him. The photo, taken by a photographer using a long-range lens, was subsequently
published in a Sunday Express article featuring Rowling's family life and motherhood.[18] However, the
judgment was overturned in David's favour in May 2008.[132][133]
Rowling has said she particularly dislikes the British tabloid the Daily Mail, which made references to a
stalker Rowling insists does not exist, and conducted interviews with her estranged ex-husband. As one
journalist noted, "Harry's Uncle Vernon is a grotesque philistine of violent tendencies and remarkably
little brain. It is not difficult to guess which newspaper Rowling gives him to read [in Goblet of
Fire]."[134]
Some have speculated that Rowling's fraught relationship with the press was the inspiration behind the
character Rita Skeeter, a gossipy celebrity journalist who first appears in Goblet of Fire. However,
Rowling noted in 2000 that the character actually predates her rise to fame: "People have asked me
whether Rita Skeeter was invented [to reflect Harry Potter's popularity], but in fact she was always
planned."[135] "I tried to put Rita in Philosopher's Stone – you know when Harry walks into the Leaky
Cauldron for the first time and everyone says, "Mr. Potter you're back!", I wanted to put a journalist in
there. She wasn't called Rita then but she was a woman. And then I thought, as I looked at the plot
overall, I thought, that's not really where she fits best, she fits best in Four when Harry's supposed to
come to terms with his fame."[136]
Philanthropy
In 2000, Rowling established the Volant Charitable Trust, which uses its annual budget of £5.1 million
to combat poverty and social inequality. The fund also gives to organisations that aid children, one
parent families, and multiple sclerosis research.[137] Rowling said, "I think you have a moral
responsibility when you've been given far more than you need, to do wise things with it and give
intelligently."[124]
Anti-poverty
Rowling, once a single parent herself, is now president of the charity One Parent Families, having
already become their first Ambassador in 2000.[138][139] Rowling collaborated with Sarah Brown to write
a book of children's stories to aid One Parent Families.[140]
In 2001, the UK anti-poverty fundraiser Comic Relief asked three bestselling British authors – cookery
writer and TV presenter Delia Smith, Bridget Jones creator Helen Fielding, and Rowling – to submit
booklets related to their most famous works for publication.[141] Rowling's two booklets, Fantastic
Beasts and Where to Find Them and Quidditch Through the Ages, are ostensibly facsimiles of books
found in the Hogwarts library. Since going on sale in March 2001, the books have raised £15.7 million
($30 million) for the fund. The £10.8 million ($20 million) they have raised outside the UK have been
channelled into a newly created International Fund for Children and Young People in Crisis.[142]
In 2005, Rowling and MEP Emma Nicholson founded the Children's High Level Group (now Lumos).
[143]
In January 2006, Rowling went to Bucharest to highlight the use of caged beds in mental institutions
for children.[144] To further support the CHLG, Rowling auctioned one of seven handwritten and
illustrated copies of The Tales of Beedle the Bard, a series of fairy tales referred to in Harry Potter and
the Deathly Hallows. The book was purchased for £1.95 million by on-line bookseller Amazon.com on
13 December 2007, becoming the most expensive modern book ever sold at auction.[145][146][147]
Rowling commented, "This will mean so much to children in desperate need of help. It means Christmas
has come early to me."[146][148] Rowling gave away the remaining six copies to those who have a close
connection with the Harry Potter books.[146] In 2008, Rowling agreed to publish the book with the
proceeds going to the Children's High Level Group.[145]
Multiple sclerosis
Rowling has contributed money and support for research and treatment of multiple sclerosis, from which
her mother suffered before her death in 1990. In 2006, Rowling contributed a substantial sum toward the
creation of a new Centre for Regenerative Medicine at Edinburgh University and in 2010 she donated a
further £10 million to the centre.[149] For reasons unknown, Scotland, Rowling's country of adoption, has
the highest rate of multiple sclerosis in the world.[150] In 2003, Rowling took part in a campaign to
establish a national standard of care for MS sufferers.[151] In April 2009, she announced that she was
withdrawing her support for Multiple Sclerosis Society Scotland, citing her inability to resolve an
ongoing feud between the organisation's northern and southern branches that had sapped morale and led
to several resignations.[151]
Other philanthropic work

In May 2008, bookseller Waterstones asked Rowling and 12 other writers (Sebastian Faulks, Doris
Lessing, Lisa Appignanesi, Margaret Atwood, Lauren Child, Richard Ford, Neil Gaiman, Nick Hornby,
Michael Rosen, Axel Scheffler, Tom Stoppard and Irvine Welsh) to compose a short piece of their own
choosing on a single A5 card, which would then be sold at auction in aid of the charities Dyslexia
Action and English PEN. Rowling's contribution was an 800-word Harry Potter prequel that concerns
Harry's father, James Potter and godfather, Sirius Black, and takes place three years before Harry was
born.[152][153] The cards were collected together and sold for charity in book form in August 2008.[153]
On 1 August and 2 August 2006 she read alongside Stephen King and John Irving at Radio City Music
Hall in New York City. Profits from the event were donated to the Haven Foundation, a charity that aids
artists and performers left uninsurable and unable to work, and the medical NGO Médecins Sans
Frontières.[154] In May 2007, Rowling gave $495,000 to a reward fund of over $4.5 million for the safe
return of a young British girl, Madeleine McCann, who disappeared in Portugal.[155][156] Rowling, along
with Nelson Mandela, Al Gore, and Alan Greenspan, wrote an introduction to a collection of Gordon
Brown's speeches, the proceeds of which are donated to the Jennifer Brown Research Laboratory.[157]
Rowling is a supporter of the Shannon Trust which runs the Toe by Toe Reading Plan.[158]
Political views
See also: Politics of Harry Potter
In September 2008, on the eve of the Labour Party Conference, Rowling announced that she had
donated £1 million to the Labour Party, and publicly endorsed Labour Prime Minister Gordon Brown
over Tory challenger David Cameron, saying in a statement:
I believe that poor and vulnerable families will fare much better under the Labour Party
than they would under a Cameron-led Conservative Party. Gordon Brown has consistently
prioritised and introduced measures that will save as many children as possible from a life
lacking in opportunity or choice. The Labour government has reversed the long-term trend
in child poverty, and is one of the leading EU countries in combating child poverty. David
Cameron's promise of tax perks for the married, on the other hand, is reminiscent of the
Conservative government I experienced as a lone parent. It sends the message that the
Conservatives still believe a childless, dual-income, but married couple is more deserving of
a financial pat on the head than those struggling, as I once was, to keep their families afloat
in difficult times.[159]
Rowling commented on her political views when she discussed the 2008 United States presidential
election with the Spanish-language newspaper El País. She said she is obsessed with the United States
elections because they will have a profound effect on the rest of the world. In February 2008, she said
that both Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton would be "extraordinary" in the White House. In the same
interview, she also said her hero was Robert F. Kennedy.[160][161]
In April 2010, Rowling published an article in The Times in which she heavily criticised Cameron's plan
to encourage married couples to stay together by offering them a £150 annual tax credit.
Nobody who has ever experienced the reality of poverty could say “it’s not the money, it’s
the message”. When your flat has been broken into, and you cannot afford a locksmith, it is
the money. When you are two pence short of a tin of baked beans, and your child is hungry,
it is the money. When you find yourself contemplating shoplifting to get nappies, it is the
money. If Mr Cameron’s only practical advice to women living in poverty, the sole carers
of their children, is “get married, and we’ll give you £150”, he reveals himself to be
completely ignorant of their true situation. How many prospective husbands did I ever meet,
when I was the single mother of a baby, unable to work, stuck inside my flat, night after
night, with barely enough money for life’s necessities? Should I have proposed to the youth
who broke in through my kitchen window at 3 am? Half a billion pounds, to send a message
– would it not be more cost-effective, more personal, to send all the lower-income married
people flowers?[162]
Religious views
Main article: Religious debates over the Harry Potter series
Over the years, many religious people have decried Rowling's books for supposedly promoting
witchcraft. However, Rowling identifies herself as a Christian. She attended a Church of Scotland
congregation while writing Harry Potter and her eldest daughter, Jessica, was baptised there.[163] "I go to
church myself", she says, "I don't take any responsibility for the lunatic fringes of my own religion".[164]
She once said, "I believe in God, not magic."[165] Early on she felt that if readers knew of her Christian
beliefs, they would be able to "guess what is coming in the books."[166]
In 2007, Rowling described her religious background in an interview with the Dutch newspaper the
Volkskrant:[167]
I was officially raised in the Church of England, but I was actually more of a freak in my
family. We didn't talk about religion in our home. My father didn't believe in anything,
neither did my sister. My mother would incidentally visit the church, but mostly during
Christmas. And I was immensely curious. From when I was 13, 14 I went to church alone. I
found it very interesting what was being said there, and I believed in it. When I went to
university, I became more critical. I got more annoyed with the smugness of religious
people and I went to church less and less. Now I'm at the point where I started: yes, I
believe. And yes, I go to the church. A Protestant church here in Edinburgh. My husband is
also raised Protestant, but he comes from a very strict Scottish group. One where they
couldn't sing and talk.
Rowling has occasionally expressed ambivalence about her religious faith. In a 2006 interview with
Tatler magazine, Rowling noted that, "like Graham Greene, my faith is sometimes about if my faith will
return. It's important to me."[19] In a British documentary, JK Rowling: A Year in the Life, when asked if
she believed in God, she said, "Yes. I do struggle with it; I couldn't pretend that I'm not doubt-ridden
about a lot of things and that would be one of them but I would say yes." When asked if she believed in
an afterlife, she said, "Yes; I think I do."[168] She further said "It’s something that I wrestle with a lot. It
preoccupies me a lot, and I think that’s very obvious within the books."[169] In a 2008 interview with the
Spanish newspaper El Pais, Rowling said, "I feel very drawn to religion, but at the same time I feel a lot
of uncertainty. I live in a state of spiritual flux. I believe in the permanence of the soul."[170] In an
interview with the Today Show in July 2007, she said, "…until we reached Book Seven, views of what
happens after death and so on… would give away a lot of what was coming. So… yes, my belief and my
struggling with religious belief and so on I think is quite apparent in this book."[171]
Legal disputes
Main article: Legal disputes over Harry Potter
Rowling, her publishers, and Time Warner, the owner of the rights to the Harry Potter films, have taken
numerous legal actions to protect their copyright. The worldwide popularity of the Harry Potter series
has led to the appearance of a number of locally produced, unauthorised sequels and other derivative
works, sparking efforts to ban or contain them.[172]
Another area of legal dispute involves a series of injunctions obtained by Rowling and her publishers to
prohibit anyone from reading her books before their official release date.[173] The injunction drew fire
from civil liberties and free speech campaigners and sparked debates over the "right to read".[174][175]
Awards and honours

■ 1997: Nestlé Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
■ 1998: Nestlé Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
■ 1998: British Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
■ 1999: Nestlé Smarties Book Prize, Gold Award for Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
■ 1999: British Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
■ 1999: Whitbread Children's Book of the Year, winner Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
■ 2000: British Book Awards, Author of the Year.
■ 2000: Order of the British Empire, Officer.
■ 2003: Premio Príncipe de Asturias, Concord.
■ 2003: Bram Stoker Award for Best Work for Young Readers, winner Harry Potter and the Order
of the Phoenix
■ 2006: British Book of the Year, winner for Harry Potter and the Half Blood Prince
■ 2007: Blue Peter Badge, Gold.
■ 2008: British Book Awards, Outstanding Achievement.
■ 2009: Légion d'honneur, presented by French President Nicolas Sarkozy.
■ 2010: Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award, inaugural award winner.
■ 2011: British Academy Film Awards, Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema for the Harry
Potter film series, shared with David Heyman, cast and crew.
■ Honorary degrees: St Andrews University, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Napier
University, University of Exeter, Harvard University
Publications
Harry Potter series
1. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (26 June 1997)
2. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2 July 1998)
3. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (8 July 1999)
4. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire (8 July 2000)
5. Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (21 June 2003)
6. Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (16 July 2005)
7. Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (21 July 2007)
Other books
■ Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2001)
■ Quidditch Through the Ages (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2001)
■ The Tales of Beedle the Bard (supplement to the Harry Potter series) (2008)
Short story
■ Harry Potter prequel (July 2008)
Articles
■ "The First It Girl: J.K. Rowling reviews Decca: the Letters of Jessica Mitford ed by Peter Y
Sussman", The Daily Telegraph 26 July 2006
■ Introduction to "Ending Child Poverty" in Moving Britain Forward. Selected Speeches 1997–2006
by Gordon Brown, Bloomsbury (2006)
■ Foreword to the anthology Magic, edited by Gil McNeil and Sarah Brown, Bloomsbury (2002)
■ The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination
(http://harvardmagazine.com/go/jkrowling.html) , J.K. Rowling, Harvard Magazine, 5 June 2008
■ Foreword to "Harry, A History", written by Melissa Anelli, Pocket (2008)
■ Gordon Brown – The 2009 Time 100
(http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1894410_1893847_1894201,00.html)
J.K Rowling, Time Magazine, 30 April 2009
■ The single mother's manifesto
(http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article7096786.ece)
J.K Rowling, The Times, 14 April 2010
See also
■ Harry Potter influences and analogues
■ Parodies of Harry Potter
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quote.org/articles/2000/1000-vancouversun-wyman.htm. 26 October 2000. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
167. ^ "New Interview with J.K. Rowling for Release of Dutch Edition of "Deathly Hallows"" (http://www.the-
leaky-cauldron.org/2007/11/19/new-interview-with-j-k-rowling-for-release-of-dutch-edition-of-deathly-
hallows) . The Leaky Cauldron. 2007. http://www.the-leaky-cauldron.org/2007/11/19/new-interview-with-j-k
-rowling-for-release-of-dutch-edition-of-deathly-hallows. Retrieved 15 November 2007.
168. ^ Hale, Mike (16 July 2009). "The Woman Behind the Boy
Wizard" (http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/arts/television/16rowling.html) . The New York Times.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/16/arts/television/16rowling.html. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
169. ^ "Rowling’s Christian critics miss the mark" (http://www.religionnewsblog.com/19677/harry-potter-5) .
http://www.religionnewsblog.com/19677/harry-potter-5. Retrieved 16 November 2010.
170. ^ "JK Rowling wants to see a Democrat in the White
House" (http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/184525,jk-rowling-wants-to-see-a-democrat-in-the-
white.html) . Earthtimes.org. 2008. http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/184525,jk-rowling-wants-to-see
-a-democrat-in-the-white.html. Retrieved 9 February 2008. (original article -in Spanish-
(http://www.elpais.com/articulo/cultura/Ser/invisible/seria/elpepicul/20080208elpepicul_1/Tes) )
171. ^ Viera, Meredith."Harry Potter: The final chapter" (http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/20001720/page/4/) .
MSNBC. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
172. ^ "Rowling seeks 'Grotter'
ban" (http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/mpapps/pagetools/print/news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2846105.stm)
BBC News (http://news.bbc.co.uk/) , 13 March 2003. Accessed 21 March 2006."
173. ^ Jack Malvern; Richard Cleroux (13 July 2005). "Reading ban on leaked Harry
Potter" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article543318.ece) . The Times (London).
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article543318.ece. Retrieved 13 March 2009.
174. ^ Michael Geist (18 July 2005). "Harry Potter and the Right to
Read" (http://www.michaelgeist.ca/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=896) . Toronto Star.
http://www.michaelgeist.ca/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=896. Retrieved 12 October 2007.
175. ^ "Publisher's Efforts to Keep Story's Secrets Collide With Free Speech
Concerns" (http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/nyregion/publisher-s-efforts-to-keep-story-s-secrets-collide-
with-free-speech-concerns.html) . New York Times. 21 June 2003.
http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/21/nyregion/publisher-s-efforts-to-keep-story-s-secrets-collide-with-free-
speech-concerns.html. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
External links
■ Official Website (http://www.jkrowling.com/)
■ J._K._Rowling (http://www.wikia.com/wiki/c:harrypotter:J._K._Rowling) on Harry Potter Wiki,

an external wiki (http://www.wikia.com/wiki/c:harrypotter)
■ The first It Girl (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/11/26/bomit05.xml) :
Rowling's article on Jessica Mitford for The Telegraph
■ Rowling's foreword to the anthology Magic (http://www.bloomsbury.com/magic/)
■ Video, audio and transcript (http://harvardmagazine.com/go/jkrowling.html) of Rowling's speech
at Harvard University's 2008 commencement.
■ J. K. Rowling (http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?J._K._Rowling) at the Internet Speculative
Fiction Database
■ J.K. Rowling (http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0746830/) at the Internet Movie Database
■ Works by J. K. Rowling on Open Library at the Internet Archive
■ J.K. Rowling (http://www.iblist.com/author146.htm) at the Internet Book List
■ Works by or about J. K. Rowling (http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n97-108433) in libraries
(WorldCat catalog)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._K._Rowling"

Categories: 1965 births | Living people | Alumni of the University of Edinburgh | Alumni of the
University of Exeter | British billionaires | British Book Award winners | British Christians | British
expatriates in Portugal | Christian writers | Civil Parish of Winterbourne | Democratic socialists |
English as a Second Language teachers | English children's writers | English Christians | English
educators | English fantasy writers | English film producers | English novelists | English philanthropists |
English people of French descent | English socialists | English women writers | Fellows of the Royal
Society of Literature | Female billionaires | Female authors who wrote under male or gender-neutral
pseudonyms | Hugo Award winning authors | Légion d'honneur recipients | Officers of the Order of the
British Empire | People associated with Edinburgh | People associated with Perth and Kinross | People
from South Gloucestershire (district) | Real people associated with the Harry Potter books | Women
novelists | Women science fiction and fantasy writers | Writers of young adult literature | 21st-century
novelists | 21st-century women writers
■ This page was last modified on 13 May 2011 at 20:04.

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J. K.

Rowling - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 23

Joanne "Jo" Rowling, OBE[2] (born 31 July 1965),[3] J. K. Rowling

Rowling is perhaps equally famous for her "rags to

■ 4.2 Relationship with the press

became a solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life. -- J. K. Rowling, Harvard

In 1995, Rowling finished her manuscript for Harry Potter and

Harry Potter films

In October 1998, Warner Bros. purchased the film rights to the

Life after Harry Potter

Relationship with the press

Other philanthropic work

Awards and honours

18. ^ a b Judge rules against JK Rowling in privacy case

42. ^ a b JK Rowling (June 2008). "JK Rowling: The fringe benefits of

63. ^ Grossman, Lev. "J.K. Rowling Hogwarts And All," (http://www.accio-quote.org/articles/2005/0705-time-

82. ^ "Half-Blood Prince release delayed until July 2009, studio

122. ^ No eighth book (http://www.jkrowling.com/textonly/en/faq_view.cfm?id=24) . J. K. Rowling official site.

139. ^ J K Rowling becomes President of One Parent Families (http://www.oneparentfamilies.org.uk/1/lx3x1olx-

■ J._K._Rowling (http://www.wikia.com/wiki/c:harrypotter:J._K._Rowling) on Harry Potter Wiki,

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._K._Rowling"

■ This page was last modified on 13 May 2011 at 20:04.

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