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Work, Energy, and Power Explained

The document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy, potential energy, and gravitational potential energy. It defines energy and the principle of conservation of energy, and provides equations for calculating kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.

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Syed M Hassan
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51 views3 pages

Work, Energy, and Power Explained

The document discusses different forms of energy including kinetic energy, potential energy, and gravitational potential energy. It defines energy and the principle of conservation of energy, and provides equations for calculating kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy.

Uploaded by

Syed M Hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Work, Energy and Power

Energy of a system is defined as its capacity to do work. (Note: Work is covered


in the next sub-topic)
 SI unit : joules (J)
 Scalar Quantity; Energy has magnitude only.
Principle of Conservation of Energy
The Principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created nor
destroyed in any process.

 Total amount of energy of a closed system remains constant.


 Energy can be converted/transformed from one form to another.

It can also be transferred from one body to another through work done and/or


heat exchanges.

Forms of Energy
 Potential Energy (Elastic, gravitational and chemical)
 Kinetic Energy (or mechanical energy)
 Electrical Energy
 Thermal Energy (or heat)
 Light
 Nuclear Energy

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy, Ek is the energy a body possessed by virtue of its motion.

 Moving objects have kinetic energy.


 Kinetic energy can be used to do work.

Ek=1/2mv2

where m = Mass (in kg), v = Velocity (in m s−1m s−1)


Potential Energy

Potential Energy is the stored energy in a system.


 Example of chemical potential energy: Wood; When you burn wood, the
chemical potential energy in wood is converted into thermal energy (heat)
and light.
 Example of elastic potential energy: Rubber band; When you stretch a
rubber band, elastic potential energy is stored in the stretched rubber
band.
Gravitational Potential Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy is defined as the amount of work done in order


to raise the body to the height h  from a reference level.
G.P.E.=mgh
, where m = mass (in kg), g = acceleration due to gravity (in m s−2), h = height (in
m)
Conversion of Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy & Vice
Versa

An object at X m above the reference level (commonly taken to be the ground
level) will have gravitational potential energy of mgXmgX. When the object is
released from the height (XX m), the object will have all its gravitational potential
energy gradually converted into kinetic energy, just before it hits the ground.
(Assuming that there is no air resistance)
From the diagram above, the conversion of kinetic energy to gravitational
potential energy, and back to kinetic energy is shown.

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