Definition
Different expert have define the term management differently. So, here are some
definitions of different experts:
According to Mary parker Follett, “management is the art of getting things done
through with people.
According to Henry Fayol who is considered to be the father of ‘principle of
management’ define management as “to manage is to forecast, to plan, to
organize, to command, to co-ordinate, and to control”.
Meaning
In simple word, management is an art of getting things done through and with
other people in a desired manner, it is concerned with the effort of people
working in the enterprise. Management is dynamic concepts which adapt itself to
changing business condition. It is a process consisting of various functions such as
planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling.
According to Dalton E. McFarland, “management is the co-ordination of all
resources through the process of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling
in order to attain stated objectives”
Characteristics of Management
Management is universal. Management is required in every type of organization
and in every level of management. It is applicable all over the world, be it in
educational intuitions, hospitals, military, government offices, and so on. Without
proper management an organization cannot function well.
Management is goal oriented. Management is meant to achieve the organization
goal like economic and social goals. Every organization are set up to achieve
certain goals, it is through the management functions that the organizations are
able to achieve their goals. Management unit the effort of all the people working
in the organization in order to achieve the organizational goal.
Management is unifying force. Management brings all the resources together
which are required in functioning of the organization like man, machine,
materials, and money. Management integrates human effort with physical and
financial resources. It creates mutual cooperation and mutual understanding so
that the people of organization can work efficiently.
Management as an art as well as well as a science. Management also research,
analysis, and do experiments just like the science and after that they take action
according to all those research, analysis and experiments which make
management as an art.
Management is a social process. Management consists of working through and
with people. It is concerned with human relation and behavior. Managers have to
create a mutual understanding and mutual cooperation among the people of
organization. Organizational goal can be achieve only with the help of the people.
Management is a group activity. Management is a group activity because an
organization cannot be run by a single person nor can he achieve the
organizational goal alone. It required a number of people to run an organization,
it needs a group effort to achieve an organizational goal.
Management is a dynamic function. Management is a dynamic function, it keeps
on changing from time to time, and it is complex to understand. It is the
responsibility of the management to take corrective action to the changing
environment.
Management is a system of authority. Authority refers to the power to get the
work done from other and to compel them to work in a certain manner.
Management function cannot be performed without authority. There is a scalar
chain in management where every individual are given an authority along with
responsibility to perform certain task.
Management is a continuous process. Management is a continuous
process, it continuous to go on as long as the organization is functioning. It
goes on without any break or gap. It is perform in all level of management
regularly, it is a never ending function.
Management is an intangible force. The functioning of the management
cannot be seen and touch, it can only be felt. It can be felt in a way
organization functions and it is said to be effective on the basis of end
result. However, the people who manage the business are tangible and can
be seen.
