Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Division of Zamboanga Del Sur
TUKURAN TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur
GRADE 7 SCIENCE LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
WEEK 1
Name: __________________________________ Section: ___________________ Score:___________
Qualitative observations merely describe
This module is focused on the questions:
quality while quantitative observations
What is Scientific Investigation? express the exact quantity referred to using a
number.
What are the components of a Scientific Quantitative observation is stated to answer
Investigation? how much/how many of the qualitative
observations are observed.
After going through this module, you are expected
to: When you quantify your observations, you need to
use some mathematical concepts like measurement
1. Define scientific investigation; and
and formulas for determining the mass and volume
2. Describe the processes involved in a scientific of objects.
investigation.
2. Asking Questions
Asking the right questions at the right time is a sign of
Science is the use of evidence to construct testable curiosity, objectivity and a desire to learn more. In
explanations and predictions of natural phenomena scientific investigation the question we ask is called
as well as the knowledge generated through this a Research Question. The research question is
process. sometimes formed as a statement and is called the
"Problem" or "Problem Statement."
We use the Scientific Method in order to achieve this.
The discussion on Enotes.com emphasizes that a
Scientific investigation is also known as scientific good research question has the following
inquiry. It is a complete approach to learn science characteristics:
through practical works.
• It should have some answers (real answers)
The scientific method is a process used by scientists
to study the world around them. It can also be used • It should be testable (can be tested by someone
to test whether any statement is accurate. You can through an experiment or measurement)
use the scientific method to study a leaf, a dog, an
• Leads to a hypothesis that is falsifiable (means it
ocean, or the entire Universe. We all have questions
should generate a hypothesis that can be shown to
about the world. The scientific method is there to test
fail).
if your answer is correct. You could ask, "Why do
dogs and cats have hair?" One answer might be that In general, questions that require you to recall
it keeps them warm. A good scientist would then observations or repeat given information are
come up with an experiment to test whether the considered low-level questions. These questions do
statement was accurate. BOOM! It's the scientific not require much thinking. High-level questions, on
method in action. the other hand, require you to think about why and
how things happen. It must be investigative in nature
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD
that it must identify cause-effect relationship
1. Making an Observation between factors of investigation. Like for example,
“Does increasing the amount of salt affect the
Observation involves all of your basic sense organs: floating of an egg?” or “What is the effect of
the eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. In an increasing the amount of salt on the floating of an
observation, you do not only look, you have to stare; egg?” is/are good research question
you don’t only hear, you listen, you don’t only taste
and smell, you savor; and you don’t only touch, you 3. Formulating a Hypothesis
feel.
After you have identified a problem based on your
Most of the time however, you think you are observations and come up with asking research
observing when in fact you are inferring. While questions, you are now ready for the next steps of
observation is actually seeing, smelling, hearing, the Scientific Method which is formulating
tasting and touching, inferring is making hypothesis.
interpretations based on your past observations or
Solutions to problems start with the formulation of a
experiences. You call this an inference.
hypothesis. A hypothesis is an educated guess
based on one’s observation. It is a tentative
explanation for a behavior, event or phenomenon collected and analyzed in order to find relationships
that will occur. A hypothesis maybe rejected or between them. Furthermore, the data collected will
accepted. tell whether the formulated hypothesis is correct.
Thus, data collected must be properly organized.
Formulating a hypothesis is the same as predicting. It
is made about future events on the basis of ordered In scientific investigation data collection is very
data. From the hypothesis, solutions to the problem important in order to help you conclude a solution
can be sought. for the problem at hand. Data collection helps to
evaluate the outcome of the problem.
Remember, you can have many hypotheses for one
observation. You can also state your hypothesis in There are different methods of data collection.
different ways, for as long as the factors involved in Quantitative data collection method is based on
the study are included in the statement. One good mathematical calculations using various formats like
way of stating the hypothesis is by using the “If” and close-ended questions, correlation and regression
“then”… statement. methods, mean, median and mode methods. This
method is cheaper and can be applied in a short
Example: Using the experiment of Thomas Alva
period of time. Qualitative data collection method
Edison. (Source: Science and Technology I, SEDP
does not involve mathematical calculations. It
Series, DECS pp. 3-4. )
includes interviews, questionnaires, observations,
Problem: How to make a light enough to lit a room case studies etc.
using a wire?
There are several methods to collect primary data.
Question: What is the effect of decreasing the size of These are:
an iron wire on the amount of light it produces?
Observation method is used when the study
Hypothesis: If the size of an iron wire is thinner, then relates to behavioral science. This method is
the amount of light produced increases. planned systematically. The different types of
observation are
Note: The underlined phrases are referred to as
factors involved in the study which will later be 1. Structured and unstructured observation
defined as variables
2. Controlled and uncontrolled observation
4. Designing an Experiment
3. Participation, non-participant and disguised
One of the essential parts of the scientific method is observation.
in designing the experiment. Through its conduct,
Interview method is a method of collecting
the researcher/ scientist can test the effect of
data in terms of oral or verbal responses. It is
different actions applied. It is a way of testing the
achieved in two ways, such as Personal
hypothesis formulated. It checks or supports whether
Interview and Telephonic Interview.
the hypothesis is a good solution to the problem
Questionnaire Method is a method where
identified. The experiment consists of two groups:
questionnaires are given to the respondents.
experimental and control. The experimental group
They should read, reply and subsequently
refers to the group where the factor being treated is
return the questionnaire.
included, it is the group being experimented on. The
control group is the part of the experiment where the After collecting data for your experiment, you should
factors involved remains the same or constant remember that these data must still undergo
throughout the experiment. thorough analysis. There are many ways to present
and analyze data. One common example is by
An experiment includes factors that changes or
gathering the data collected in a tabular form or
alters during the experiment. These factors are
presenting them through line graphs, bar graphs or
called variables. A variable is something in the
pie charts.
experiment that can be changed or controlled
(something that is kept constant) throughout the Here are some ways to help you analyze your
activity. These variables are the following: experimental data:
independent variable, dependent variable and 1. Always review your collected data. You may ask
controlled (variable). The independent variable yourself the following questions:
refers to the factor that is being changed or a. Have I gathered enough data?
b. Did I make any mistakes while collecting data?
manipulated by the person doing the experiment.
c. Do I need to gather more data?
The dependent variable refers to the factor in which
2. Always make sure to label your tables and graphs
the result of the changes in the independent
clearly. It is also wise to give a title for each
variable is observed. It changes as a response to the presented data.
independent variable. Lastly, there are factors that 3. Include units of measurement such as centimeters,
stay the same throughout the experiment and they volume, tablespoons, minutes, grams, inches, etc.
are called as constants/ control. 4. Place your independent variable on the x-axis of
your graph and the dependent variable on the y-
5. Collecting and Analyzing Data axis
Scientific investigations produce data which lead to 5. Review your presented data more than once. Check
finding solutions to the problem. These data must be for any missing value, misplaced information or wrong
computation. Once you have properly presented ACTIVITY #1: COVID-19 (TOTAL SCORE: 15/15)
and analyzed your data, you will be one step closer
to reaching a conclusion for your scientific Direction: Read and understand the scenario below.
investigation!
A community called Barangay Masamok is known
Making Conclusions and Communicating Results
for its undisciplined and unhygienic people. One
REMEMBER: When drawing conclusions, you should
day, the community was infected by a virus called
answer the question or problem and it shall be based
COVID-19. No matter how much the barangay
solely on the results.
officials advised its people to stay home, wear face
REMEMBER: A scientific investigation doesn’t end in mask, and practice physical distancing when going
just making a good conclusion. You also have to out, as well as wash their hands properly and
communicate results. One of the ways to share regularly, the people seem not to care. Because of
results is to write a report which has essential parts their attitude and behaviour, the virus quickly spread
such as the Title, Problem, Hypothesis, Variables, and became a pandemic. Cardo Mahusay, the
Groups, Results, and Conclusions. Barangay Captain of Barangay Masamok, was
alarmed by the situation. He investigated how many
Drawing Conclusions is an essential step because it: individuals were infected for not following the
▪ contains a summary of the results of an experiment; suggested precautionary measures when going out
▪ explains whether or not the results supported the of their homes for five days. Upon his investigation,
original hypothesis; he observed and recorded the data on the table
▪ discusses any errors that were made in following below:
procedures or keeping variables constant;
▪ makes recommendations on how to expand the
experiment if it is going to be repeated; and
▪ suggests ideas for future experiments that could
build upon current knowledge.
Communicating Results is an important step
because it:
▪ allows the scientific community to review the
information;
▪ lets the scientific community to extend the studies;
▪ permits the scientific community to use information
for related studies.
Scientists communicate their results in a number of
ways such as:
▪ talk to small groups of scientists or give talks at large
scientific meetings Directions: Based on the activities you have done in
▪ report results in peer-reviewed journal articles and the previous lessons, complete the scientific
at conferences investigation report below and publish it by asking
▪ write articles for scientific journals your guardian and subject teacher to sign the space
▪ communicate results to journalists provided.
Let’s Check Your Understanding!
Quiz #1: Poster Making on Nine Characters (TOTAL
SCORE: 10/10)
Direction: Complete the poster from left to right. Use
the given clue word that fits each description box.
Write your answer on the box provided.
