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DOS 4 .00 Library

Getting Started with DOS 4 .00

The first part of this book provides infor-

mation you need to install DOS 4 .00 and
supplements the online information in
the SELECT program . The second part
introduces you to the DOS Shell .

Using DOS 4.00

By using examples, this book explains

how to manage your information from
the command prompt, how to change the
configuration of your system, and how to
create and change batch files .

DOS 4 .00 Command Reference

This book, an additional purchase item,

provides detailed information on the
commands used i n DOS 4 .00 and con-
tains tables relating tasks to these com-
mands .

DOS 4.00 Technical Reference and

Application Programming

This book, an additional purchase item,

is written for programmers who develop
applications for IBM Personal Com-
puters and IBM Personal System/2® .

Personal System/2 is a registered trademark of the International Busi-

ness Machines Corporation .

IN
IV


Preface

This book provides information you need to install DOS 4 .00 and sup-
plements the online help information available to you in the SELECT
installation program . It also introduces you to the DOS Shell and has
detailed information on using its features .

The information is divided into the following chapters :

• Chapter 1 supplies diskette information and lists the key assign-

ments used in the SELECT installation program .

• Chapter 2 describes installation procedures for installing DOS

4 .00 for both fixed disk and diskette-based systems .

• Chapter 3 introduces you to the DOS Shell and provides an inter-

active tour, which explains its basic operations .

• Chapter 4 describes some of the more advanced tasks possible in

the Shell .

• Chapter 5 provides information on customizing the Shell and

other installation information .

• Chapter 6 describes the FDISK utility .

Before you install DOS 4 .00, you should be able to identify the
attached devices on your computer (printers, modems, and so on) .
You also need to know your computer's memory capacity, whether
your computer has a fixed disk, and the kinds of diskettes it uses .

v
vi
Contents

Chapter 1 . Before Installing DOS 4 .00 1

DOS 4 .00 Memory Requirements 1
The DOS Shell Startup Options 1
DOS 4 .00 Diskette Information 2
3 .5-inch Diskettes 2
5 .25-inch Diskettes 2
3 .5-inch Drive Diskette Requirements 3
5 .25-inch Drive Diskette Requirements 3
3 .5-inch Write-Protected Diskettes 4
5.25-inch Write-Protected Diskettes 4
Inserting 3 .5-inch Diskettes 5
Inserting 5 .25-inch Diskettes 5
SELECT Special Key Assignments 6
Responding to Error Messages 6

Chapter 2 . Installing DOS 4.00 7

Installing DOS 4 .00 to Diskette on a System with No Fixed Disk . . 9
Installing DOS 4 .00 to Diskette with a Fixed Disk System 13
Installing DOS 4 .00 to a Fixed Disk 19
Updating the CONFIG .SYS and AUTOEXEC .BAT Files 24
Copying System Files to Drive C 26
Installing DOS 4 .00 to a Fixed Disk to Coexist with Another
Operating System 28
Defining Larger Partitions 32
IBMCACHE Command Considerations 35
Command Prompt 35
Changing the Default Drive 35

Chapter 3 . Learning to Use the DOS Shell 37

Introducing the DOS Shell 38
Exiting and Restarting the Shell 41
Exploring Start Programs 42
Online Help 43
Exploring the Start Programs Action Bar 45
Exploring the Main Group 46
Exploring DOS Utilities and Setting Date and Time 46
Side Trip to Set the Date and Time 47
Changing the Colors of the Shell 49
Exploring the Shell Command Prompt 49

vii


Side Trip to Files and Directories 50

Exploring the File System 54
Exploring the File System Action Bar 55
Selecting and Deselecting All the Files 55
Exploring File System Screen Arrangements 57
Sorting Files 59
Finding Files 60
Side Trip to View a File 62
Working with Directories and Files 64

Chapter 4. Using the DOS Shell for Advanced Tasks 75

Online Help Information 75
Entry Field Guidelines 76
Mouse and Keyboard Operation 76
Changing Directories 78
Selecting and Deselecting Files 79
Adding Items in the Main Group 80
Adding Groups to the Main Group 82
Adding Programs to the Main Group 84
Adding Programs to a Subgroup 87
Copying Programs from One Group to Another Group 87
Deleting a Program from a Group 88
Adding Predefined Subgroups to the Main Group 89
Program Startup Commands 89
Exploring Details in the File System 95
Action Bar 95
Drive Identifier Area 97
Path Area 98
Directory Tree 99
File List 100
Copying a File 101
Deleting a File 103
Eliminating Confirmation Panels 104
Selecting Files Across Directories 106
Shell Special Key Assignments 107

Chapter 5 . Additional Installation Information 109

Installing Keyboard Password 109
Installing Additional Devices 110
Customizing the DOS Shell with Startup Options 110
Suggested Startup Options with at Least 256KB of Memory 112
Suggested Shell Startup Options with at Least 360KB of
Memory 112


Text or Graphics Mode 113

Resident or Transient Mode 113
Additional Startup Options 114
Changing Startup Options 115
Using the DOS Shell in a Network 117
Sharing One Set of Files 117
Using a Unique Set of Files for Each Node 118
Receiving Messages 119

Chapter 6 . Partitioning Your Fixed Disk 121

About Your Fixed Disk 121
Adding a Fixed Disk 122
Using FDISK 123
Creating a DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive (Option 1) . . . . 124
Creating a Primary DOS Partition 125
Creating an Extended DOS Partition 129
Creating Logical DOS Drives in the Extended DOS Partition 130
Setting the Active Partition (Option 2) 131
Deleting a DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive (Option 3) . . . . 132
Deleting the Primary DOS partition 133
Deleting the Extended DOS Partition 134
Deleting the Logical DOS Drives in the Extended DOS Partition 135
Displaying Partition Information (Option 4) 137
*Remote* Indicator 138
Selecting the Next Fixed Disk Drive (Option 5) 138

Appendix A. Messages 139

Index 141
X
Chapter 1 . Before Installing DOS 4 .00

The IBM Disk Operating System (DOS) makes it easier for you to
manage your information, your programs, and your system
resources . DOS 4 .00 includes several enhancements over DOS 3 .30 .

The SELECT command is enhanced to be a full-screen utility

designed to help you install DOS 4 .00 or replace a previous DOS
version . DOS 4 .00 also includes National Language Support
enhancements and the DOS Shell, which offers menu-oriented access
to commonly used DOS commands .

DOS 4 .00 is designed to support large (more than 32MB) media . It

should be remembered that previous versions of DOS do not recog-
nize partitions larger than 32MB nor files stored in those partitions .
(Refer to Chapter 6 for information on DOS partitions .)

DOS 4 .00 Memory Requirements

For a diskette-only system or for a fixed disk system, a minimum
memory size of 256KB is required to install DOS 4 .00 .

After installation, to determine your system's used and free memory

and to get a list of allocated memory areas, free areas, and installed
programs, you can run the MEM command . Ways to use the MEM
command can be found in Using DOS 4 .00 .

The DOS Shell Startup Options

The DOS Shell can be installed with startup options that suit the
memory your system has or the memory you wish to allot to the
Shell .

If you have a system with at least 360KB of memory, the Shell can be
installed in its entirety . If your system's memory is less than 360KB,
or if you wish to use less memory for the Shell, you can choose
startup options to suit your needs . Refer to page 110 for the startup
options available for the Shell and three suggested startup configura-
tions, two of which are for systems with 256KB of memory .

DOS 4 .00 Diskette Information

3 .5-inch Diskettes

Top View Bottom View

4
J\ / \- 0

4 J 0
` . J
0
C

Not
Write-
Protected

11
0 0 I
Write-
Arrow Write-Protect Switch Protected

5 .25-inch Diskettes

= 5.25
~~--_-a DISKETTE

2
3 .5-inch Drive Diskette Requirements

If you are installing DOS 4 .00 to diskette and have a 720KB diskette
drive, you need :

The two 3 .5-inch diskettes shipped with DOS 4 .00 and

two new or blank 3 .5-inch 1 MB diskettes . (The 1 MB diskettes
format to 720KB for installation with a 720KB drive .)
If you are installing DOS 4 .00 to diskette and have a 1 .44MB diskette
drive, you need :
The two 3 .5-inch diskettes shipped with DOS 4 .00 and
one new or blank 3 .5-inch 2MB diskette . (The 2MB diskette
formats to 1 .44MB for installation with a 1 .44MB drive .)

If you are installing DOS 4 .00 to a fixed disk, you need :

The two 3 .5-inch diskettes shipped with DOS 4 .00 and
one new or blank 3 .5-inch 1 MB diskette or, if you have a 1 .44MB
drive, one new or blank 3 .5-inch 2MB diskette .

5.25-inch Drive Diskette Requirements

If you have a 5 .25-inch diskette drive and you are installing DOS 4 .00
to diskette, you need :
The five 5 .25-inch 360KB DOS 4 .00 diskettes and
four new or blank 5 .25-inch 360KB diskettes .
If you are installing DOS 4 .00 to a fixed disk, you need :
The five 5 .25-inch 360KB DOS 4 .00 diskettes and
one new or blank 5.25-inch 360KB diskette .

3
3 .5-inch Write-Protected Diskettes

It is possible to format a diskette or write information to a diskette

unintentionally . For this reason, some diskettes are write-protected.
You can read information from write-protected diskettes, but you
cannot write information to them .

A 3.5-inch diskette contains a write-protect window in the lower

corner . When the window is open, the diskette is write-protected and
its information cannot be changed . If you close the window, by
sliding the plastic tab shut or by covering it with a piece of opaque
tape, information can be written to the diskette .

To avoid writing information to the diskettes you received with DOS

4 .00, they must be write-protected . If the diskettes you received are
not write-protected, slide the tab so that the window is open . In this
way, you can install DOS 4 .00 from these diskettes, but you cannot
unintentionally write something to them .

5 .25-inch Write-Protected Diskettes

A 5 .25-inch diskette may contain a write-protect notch on the side of

the diskette . If there is no notch, or if there is a notch and the notch is
covered with a tab or a piece of opaque tape, it is write-protected and
information cannot be written to it .

If the DOS 4 .00 diskettes you have are not write-protected, cover the
notch with a piece of opaque tape . In this way, you can install DOS
4 .00 from these diskettes, but you cannot unintentionally write some-
thing to them .

4
Inserting 3 .5-inch Diskettes

As you install DOS 4 .00, you are asked to insert diskettes into your
system . Follow this procedure :
1 . Insert the diskette into the drive . The arrow side must be up and
the arrow must be pointing to the diskette drive .
2 . Press gently on the outer edge of the diskette until it "clicks" and
drops into place .
To remove the diskette, press the disk eject button on the lower right
of the diskette drive . Do not remove the diskette when the in-use light
is on ; this light indicates that the system unit is accessing information
from the diskette drive .

Inserting 5 .25-inch Diskettes

As you install DOS 4.00, you are asked to insert diskettes into your
system . Follow this procedure :
1 . Remove the diskette from its paper envelope .
2 . Open the diskette drive door .
3 . Gently insert the diskette into the drive ; the label must be facing
up and the write-protect notch must be to the left .
4 . Make sure that the diskette is all the way in ; then close the drive
door.
To remove the diskette, open the diskette drive door and pull out the
diskette . Do not remove the diskette when the in-use light is on ; this
light indicates that the system unit is accessing information from the
diskette drive .

SELECT Special Key Assignments

While you are installing DOS 4 .00, you need to be aware of several
special functions that have been given to some of the keys on your
keyboard (Figure 1) . A reminder of these key assignments is avail-
able to you online from any of the help panels when F1 =Help
appears on your display .

Task Key

Move the cursor to the next choice . Tab

Move the cursor in the direction of the arrow . T or I or --- or -

Proceed to the next step . Enter

Return to the previous screen . Information Esc

typed on the current screen is not saved .

Scroll Help text information . PgUp or PgDn

Display online help information when avail- F1

able .

End DOS 4 .00 installation . F3

View key assignments while viewing help . F9

Figure 1 . SELECT Key Assignments

Responding to Error Messages

During installation, error messages may be displayed . Appendix A
lists explanations of installation error messages and the steps neces-
sary to recover from them . Explanations for error messages you may
receive after installation can be found in Appendix D of Using DOS
4 .00 .

6
Chapter 2 . Installing DOS 4.00

The DOS 4 .00 package contains two 3 .5-inch 720KB diskettes labeled
Install and Operating .

If you are using 5.25-inch 360KB DOS 4 .00 diskettes, you have five
diskettes labeled Install, Select, Operating 1, Operating 2, and Oper-
ating 3 .

To install DOS 4 .00, whether it is a new installation or you are

replacing a previous version of DOS, you can let the SELECT
program make most of the installation decisions . SELECT sets up the
system so that it works efficiently for most applications .

If you are replacing a previous version of DOS, SELECT installs DOS

4 .00 without jeopardizing the files that you have created .

This chapter contains instructions for each of the following installa-

tion procedures (Figure 2) . If you have a fixed disk, installing to a
fixed disk is usually the installation choice .

Installation Procedure Page

Installing to diskette on a system with no fixed disk 9

Installing to diskette with a fixed disk system 13

Installing to a fixed disk 19

Installing to a fixed disk to coexist with another oper- 28

ati ng system

Defining larger partitions before installing to fixed disk 32

Figure 2 . Installation Procedures

Warning : Unless you choose to install to a specified directory (one of

the choices when installing to a fixed disk), DOS 4 .00 overwrites all
previous version DOS files, including read-only DOS files . Also, if
you install DOS 4 .00, modify any .MEU files, and reinstall DOS 4 .00,
the modified MEU files are then overwritten .

7
During the SELECT installation process, the highlighted option on
each screen is the choice that SELECT makes for you . This high-
lighting is called the "selection cursor ." Press the Enter key to
accept this choice . To make a different choice, use the arrow keys (T
or J,) to move the selection cursor to a different option ; then press
Enter . When you are asked to type something, it is shown in UPPER-
CASE letters . However, you can use uppercase or lowercase letters,
or both .

Installing to Systems with OS/2 TM

On a system that has Operating System/2 TM installed on the fixed
disk, DOS 4 .00 can be installed to diskette and then started from
diskette . An alternative coexisting installation process is described
on page 28 .

If you choose to install DOS 4 .00 to the entire fixed disk, SELECT
renames OS/2's AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS files to
AUTOEXEC .OS2 and CONFIG .OS2 .

Operating System/2 and OS/2 are trademarks of the International Busi-

ness Machines Corporation .

8
Installing DOS 4.00 to Diskette on a System with
No Fixed Disk
As you perform the install procedure, you are prompted when to
insert each diskette . The drive in a one-diskette drive system is
called drive A .

1 . Label your two blank 3 .5-inch diskettes Startup and Shell .

If you are installing with 5 .25-inch 360KB diskettes, label your

four blank diskettes Startup, Shell, Working 1, and Working 2 .

2 . Make sure that the DOS 4 .00 installation diskettes are

write-protected . (Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes
are on page 4 .)

3 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Install diskette in drive A .

4 . Turn on your system . If your system is already on, press

Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart your system .

Note: The + between key names means that the keys must be
pressed and held down in the order shown and released
together.

You see this screen . (If you are installing with 5 .25-inch
diskettes, remove the Install diskette and insert the Select
diskette ; then press Enter to see this screen .)

DOS SELECT
DOS 4 .00

(C) Copyright IBM Corp . 1988 .

All rights reserved .

Press Enter (_J) to continue or Esc to Cancel

5 . Press Enter and follow the instructions as they are displayed .

The messages tell you what action is occurring and when to

insert diskettes . The selection cursor on each screen is on the
the choice that SELECT makes for you when you press the Enter
key . To make a different choice, use the arrow keys (T or 1) to
move the selection cursor to a different option ; then press Enter .

Note : You have the opportunity to review the choices you make
during installation and those that SELECT makes for you .
You can either accept these choices or change them . If
you review your choices and want to change the Shell
parameters (startup options), refer to "Customizing the
DOS Shell with Startup Options" on page 110 .

During the installation procedure, you see this screen :

Continuing Installation

SELECT will create the following diskettes :

(You will need 2 blank 1MB diskettes)

STARTUP Starting DOS,

DOS Utilities

SHELL Starting SHELL,

More DOS Utilities

Label the blank diskettes as shown, and

then follow the display prompts .

If you are installing with 5 .25-inch diskettes, you are instructed to

label your four blank diskettes Startup, Shell, Working 1, and
Working 2 .

6 . Press Enter .

7 . Insert the diskette identified on the screen ; then press Enter to

continue installing DOS 4 .00 .

While you install DOS 4 .00, you are prompted on the screen when to
insert a diskette and which diskette SELECT needs . You exchange
diskettes frequently, at irregular intervals, until the installation is
complete . The messages displayed tell you the activity taking place .

10
If you are interrupted and wish to start over, insert the Install diskette
and press Ctrl +Alt+ Del to restart the installation procedure at the
first SELECT screen .

When you complete installation, you see this screen :

Installation Complete

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

To start DOS, place the STARTUP diskette in drive A

and press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

or

To start the DOS Shell, place the SHELL diskette

in drive A, and press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

FOR INFORMATION ON USING THE DOS SHELL, REFER TO

THE "GETTING STADTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK .

DOS 4 .00 is successfully installed to your diskettes . Store the

diskettes that came with DOS 4 .00 in a safe place .

To start DOS 4 .00 :

1 . Remove diskettes .

2 . Write-protect the diskettes you labeled during installation .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)

3. To start DOS 4 .00 with the DOS Shell, insert the Shell diskette in
drive A ; then press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

To start DOS 4 .00 without the DOS Shell, insert the Startup
diskette in drive A ; then press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

Note: For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

Utilities not resident on the Shell diskette are on the Startup

diskette .

4 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

11
To start DOS 4 .00 if you installed to 5 .25-inch diskettes :

1 . Remove diskettes .

2 . Write-protect the diskettes you labeled during installation .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)

3 . Insert the Startup diskette in drive A .

4 . Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note: For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4.00 for an explanation .

5 . Remove the Startup diskette and insert the Shell diskette .

6 . Type DOSSHELL at the command prompt ; then press Enter to

start the DOS Shell .

The DOS Shell is displayed .

7 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

Utilities not resident on the Shell diskette are on the Startup,

Working 1, and Working 2 diskettes .

To determine what resides on the diskettes created during installa-

tion, perform a DIR command on each diskette . (C OMMAND .CO M is
on the Startup diskette .) Information on using the DIR command and
all DOS commands is in Using DOS 4.00 .

12
Installing DOS 4.00 to Diskette with a Fixed Disk
System
If you have a fixed disk but want to install DOS 4 .00 to diskette, use
this procedure . You are prompted when to insert each diskette .
1 . Label your diskettes . (Refer to your hardware documentation for
information on the drive capacities on your system .)

If you are installing on a 1 .44MB drive to a single diskette, label

your blank 2MB diskette Startup .

If you are installing on a 720KB drive to two diskettes, label your

blank diskettes Startup and Shell.

If you are installing on a 360KB drive to four diskettes, label your

blank diskettes Startup, Shell, Working 1, and Working 2 .

2 . Make sure the DOS 4 .00 installation diskettes are write-protected .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)
3 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Install diskette in drive A .
4 . Turn on your system . If your system is already on, press
Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart your system .

Note: The + between key names means that the keys must be
pressed and held down in the order shown and released
together .

13
 You see this screen . (If you are installing with 5 .25-inch
diskettes, remove the Install diskette and insert the Select
diskette ; then press Enter to see this screen .)

DOS SELECT
DOS 4 .00

(C) Copyright IBM Corp . 1988 .

All rights reserved .

Press Enter (.i) to continue or Esc to Cancel

5 . Press Enter and follow the instructions as they are displayed .

The messages tell you what action is occurring and when to

insert diskettes . The selection cursor on each screen is on the
choice that SELECT makes for you when you press the Enter key .
To make a different choice, use the arrow keys (T or J,) to move
the selection cursor to a different option ; then press Enter.

14
 During installation, you see the ; following screen :

Select Installation Drive

Choose the drive to install DOS 4 .00 on :

1. C

2. B

Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

Item 2, which is for installing to' diskette, may show an A or a B

on your system . If you are installing to your fixed disk, go right to
"Installing DOS 4 .00 to a Fixed Disk" on page 19 .
6 . Use the arrow key (l) to move the selection cursor to 2 ; then
press Enter.
The messages that follow tell you what action is occurring and when
to insert diskettes .

Note : You have the opportunity to review the choices you make
during installation and those that SELECT makes for you . You
can either accept these choices or change them . If you review
your choices and want to change the Shell parameters (startup
options), refer to "Customizing the DOS Shell with Startup
Options" on page 110 .

15
If you are installing to a single diskette on a 1 .44MB drive, when you
complete the installation, you see this screen :
r
Installation Complete

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

Place the new STARTUP diskette in drive A and

press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS .

FOR INFORMATION ON USING THE DOS SHELL, REFER TO

THE "GETTING STARTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK .

DOS 4 .00 is successfully installed to your diskette . Store the

diskettes that came with DOS 4 .00 in a safe place .

To start DOS 4 .00 :

1 . Remove diskettes .
2 . Write-protect the diskette you labeled Startup . (Instructions on
how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)
3 . Insert the Startup diskette in drive A .
4 . Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to start DOS 4 .00 .
Note: For any error messages you may receive, refer to
Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .
5 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn
what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

16
If you are installing to two 720KB diskettes, when you complete instal-
lation, you see this screen :

Installation Complete

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

To start DOS, place the STARTUP diskette in drive A

and press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

or

To start the DOS Shell, place the SHELL diskette

in drive A, and press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

FOR INFORMATION ON USING THE DOS SHELL, REFER TO

THE "GETTING STARTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK .

DOS 4 .00 is successfully installed to your diskettes . Store the

diskettes that came with DOS 4 .00 in a safe place .

To start DOS 4 .00 :

1 . Remove diskettes .

2 . Write-protect the diskettes you labeled during installation .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)

3 . To start DOS 4 .00 with the DOS Shell, insert the Shell diskette in
drive A ; then press Ctrl+Alt+Del .

To start DOS 4 .00 without the DOS Shell, insert the Startup
diskette in drive A ; then press Ctrl+Alt+Del .
Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to
Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

Utilities not resident on the Shell diskette are on the Startup

diskette .

4. Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

17
To start DOS 4 .00 if you installed to 5 .25-inch diskettes :

1 . Remove all diskettes .

2 . Write-protect the diskettes you labeled during installation .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)

3. Insert the Startup diskette in drive A .

4 . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

5 . Remove the Startup diskette ; then insert the Shell diskette in

drive A .

6 . Type DOSSHELL ; then press Enter to start the DOS Shell .

The DOS Shell is displayed .

7 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell" to learn what

a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS Shell .

Utilities not resident on the Shell diskette are on the Working 1,

Working 2, and Startup diskettes .

To determine what resides on the diskettes created during installa-

tion, you can perform a DIR command on each diskette .
(C OMMAND .CO M is on your Startup diskette .) Information on using
the DIR command and all DOS commands is in Using DOS 4 .00.

18


Installing DOS 4 .00 to a Fixed Disk

If you have a previous version of DOS on your system and you want
to redefine your partition sizes to larger than 32MB, refer to page 32
before beginning the fixed disk installation .

The installation procedures that follow are for installing DOS 4 .00 to a
fixed disk i n these ways :

• Installing , to a fixed disk that does not have a previous version of

DOS on it .

• Installing to a fixed disk that does have a previous version of DOS

on it i n one of the following ways :

Updating all DOS files on the fixed disk.

Copying only the non-system files to a specified directory .
(Choose this option if you have network considerations or if
you want to install DOS 4 .00 to coexist with your existing
operating system . Refer to page 28 for instructions on
installing DOS 4.00 to coexist with another operating system .)

As you perform the installation procedure, you are prompted when to

insert each diskette .

1 . Label your blank diskette Select Copy .

2 . Make sure the DOS 4 .00 installation diskettes are write-protected .

(Instructions on how to write-protect diskettes are on page 4 .)

3 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Install diskette in drive A .

4 . Turn on your system . If your system is already on, press

Ctrl +Alt + Del to restart your system .

Note: The + between key names means that the keys must be
pressed and held down in the order shown and released
together .

19
 You see this screen . (If you are installing with 5 .25-inch
diskettes, remove the Install diskette and insert the Select
diskette; then press Enter to see this screen .)

DOS SELECT
DOS 4 .00

(C) Copyright IBM Corp . 1988 .

All rights reserved .

Press Enter (*J) to continue or Esc to Cancel

5 . Press Enter and follow the instructions as they are displayed .

You exchange diskettes several times during the installation pro-

cedure . The selection cursor on each screen is on the choice that
SELECT makes for you when you press the Enter key . To make a
different choice, use the arrow keys (T ;or J,) to move the selection
cursor to a different option ; then press Enter .

20


During installation, you see the following screen :

Select Installation Drive

Choose the drive to install DOS on :

1. C

2. B

Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

Item 2, which is for installing to diskette, may show an A or a B

on your system .

6 . Choose 1 ; then press Enter .

You see this screen :

r Specify DOS Location

You can accept the DOS directory name shown or type a new
directory name .

DOS Directory . . . .C :\[DOS I

To select option 1 below, press Enter . To change your

option, press the tab key, highlight your choice and then
press Enter .

1 . Update all DOS files on fixed disk

2 . Copy non-system files to directory specified

Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

7 . To update all DOS files on your fixed disk and to accept "DOS" as
the name of the directory in which to install DOS 4 .00, press
Enter .

21
 Updating all DOS files on the fixed disk is generally the choice
here, and it is the choice that SELECT makes for you when you
press Enter .

Follow the instructions on the screen to change the name of the

directory and/or to select option 2 .

8 . Continue installation as directed on the screen .

Note: You have the opportunity to review the choices you make
during installation and those that SELECT makes for you . You
can either accept these choices or change them . If you review
your choices and want to change the Shell parameters (startup
options), refer to "Customizing the DOS Shell with Startup
Options" on page 110 .

You can choose to make decisions in partitioning your fixed

disk or let SELECT do it for you . If you choose to make your
own partitioning decisions, refer to Chapter 6, "Partitioning
Your Fixed Disk ."

If you installed to a fixed disk that does not have a previous version of
DOS on it, start DOS 4 .00 by following these steps :

1 . Remove diskettes .

2 . Press Ctrl + Alt + Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

The DOS Shell is displayed .

3 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

DOS 4 .00 is now installed on your fixed disk and you can store the
diskettes that came with DOS 4 .00 in a safe place .

22
If you installed to a fixed disk that has a previous version of DOS and
you chose to Install to the entire fixed disk, you see this screen :

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

The files AUTOEXEC .400 and CONFIG .400 have been

copied to your fixed disk . The files contain the
options selected for DOS 4 .00 . To get the options
selected, update your AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS
files . Refer to the "Getting Started with DOS 4 .00"
book for information on updating these files .

FOR INFORMATION ON USING THE DOS SHELL, REFER TO

THE "GETTING STARTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK .

Remove all diskettes . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS

To start DOS 4 .00:

1 . Remove all diskettes .

2 . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to
Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

3 . Update your AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS files . This proce-
dure is described in "Updating the CONFIG .SYS and
AUTOEXEC . BAT Files . "

4 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .
DOS 4 .00 is now installed on your fixed disk and you can store the
diskettes that came with DOS 4 .00 in a safe place .

23
If you Installed to a fixed disk that has a previous version of DOS and
chose to copy non-system files to directory specified, you see this
screen :

Installation Complete

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

The files AUTOEXEC .400 and CONFIG .400 have been

copied to your fixed disk . These files reflect
the options selected for DOS 4 .00 .

To get the options selected for DOS 4 .00 :

1 . Update your AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS
files
2 . Copy DOS 4 .00 system files to drive C

REFER TO THE "GETTING STARTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK

FOR INFORMATION ON UPDATING THESE FILES AND ON
USING THE DOS SHELL .

Remove all diskettes . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS .

DOS 4 .00 is now installed on your fixed disk in the directory you spec-
ified .
1 . Remove the DOS 4.00 diskettes from your system .
2 . Store them in a safe place .

If you want to start your system using DOS 4 .00, the AUTOEXEC .400
and CONFIG .400 files that were created by SELECT need to be
updated and the DOS 4 .00 system files must be copied to drive C .
These procedures follow .

Updating the CONFIG .SYS and AUTOEXEC .BAT Files

A CONFIG .SYS file contains commands that set up your system to
work in a certain way . Each time you start your system, DOS
searches for a CONFIG .SYS file and, if it finds one, uses the com-
mands contained there when setting up your system . After searching
for the CONFIG .SYS file, DOS searches for an AUTOEXEC .BAT file . If
DOS finds an AUTOEXEC .BAT file, it uses the commands there to
further define the way it starts your system .

During installation, SELECT checks your system for a CONFIG .SYS

file and an AUTOEXEC .BAT file . If either or both of these files exist
on your system, rather than overwriting these two existing files,

24
SELECT creates a CONFIG .400 file and an AUTOEXEC .400 file . For
your system to use the configuration that SELECT has created in
these new files, they need to be renamed . If there are commands in
the existing CONFIG .SYS file and AUTOEXEC .BAT file that you want
to maintain, you also need to update these new files to contain these
commands before you rename them .

The following is an example of what may be in the CONFIG .400 file

that SELECT creates :
BREAK=ON
BUFFERS=20
FI LES=8
LASTDRIVE=E
SHELL=C :\DOS\ C OMMAND .CO M /P /E :256
DEVICE=C :\DOS\ANSI .SYS
INSTALL=C :\DOS\FASTOPEN .EXE C :=(50,25)

The following is an example of what may be in the AUTOEXEC .400 file

that SELECT creates :
@ECHO OFF
SET COMSPEC=C :\DOS\C OMMAND .COM
VERIFY OFF
PATH C :\DOS
APPEND /E
APPEND C :\DOS
PROMPT $P$G
C :\DOS\GRAPHICS
VER
DOSSHELL

To update and rename the AUTOEXEC .400 and CONFIG .400 files that
SELECT creates, follow these steps :

1 . Remove all diskettes from your system ; then press Ctrl+Alt+Del

to reach the C > prompt .

2 . Using an editor such as EDLIN, enter from the CONFIG .SYS file to
the CONFIG .400 file any commands that you want to maintain .
Instructions on using EDLIN are in Using DOS 4 .00.

3 . Exit the editor .

4 . Do either of the following :

Rename your CONFIG .SYS file, or

erase your CONFIG .SYS file .

25
 5 . Rename the CONFIG .400 file to CONFIG .SYS .

6 . Using an editor, enter any commands that you want to retain from
the AUTOEXEC .BAT file to the AUTOEXEC .400 file .

Note : If you have installed the Shell, the DOSSHELL command

must remain as the last command in your AUTOEXEC .400
file .

7 . Exit the editor.

8 . Do either of the following :

Rename your AUTOEXEC .BAT file, or

erase your AUTOEXEC .BAT file .

9 . Rename the AUTOEXEC .400 file to AUTOEXEC .BAT.

10 . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

The DOS Shell is displayed .

11 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

Copying System Files to Drive C

Follow these steps to copy system files to drive C . This is necessary
if you want to start your system in DOS 4 .00 and if, during installation,
you chose to copy non-system files to a directory that you specified
on your fixed disk .

1 . Insert the Install diskette in drive A .

2 . Turn on your system . If your system is already on, press

Ctrl +Alt + Del to restart your system .

3 . Press Esc ; then press F3 . Your system displays the A > prompt .

If installing with 360KB 5 .25-inch diskettes, press Esc . Your

system displays the A > prompt.

4. At the A > prompt, type :

SYS C :

5 . Press Enter .

26
6 . To copy C OMMAND .CO M to drive C :

At the A > prompt, type :

COPY C OMMAND .COM C :

Press Enter .

(Instead of copying COMMAND .CO M to drive C, if you prefer, you

can copy the SHELL= statement in the CONFIG .400 file to the
CONFIG .SYS file .)

7 . Remove the Install diskette .

8 . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

27
Installing DOS 4 .00 to a Fixed Disk to Coexist with
Another Operating System
Installing DOS 4 .00 to diskette, as described on page 13, is one way to
use DOS 4 .00 on a system that has Operating System/2 (or any other
operating system) installed on the fixed disk .

An alternative to installing to diskette is to install DOS 4 .00 to your

fixed disk, in a manner which allows DOS 4 .00 to coexist with the
existing operating system, and start DOS 4 .00 from diskette . The
requirements before beginning this procedure follow :

The two 3 .5-inch 720KB installation diskettes shipped with DOS

4 .00 or the five 5 .25-inch 360KB DOS 4 .00 installation diskettes

One new or blank diskette (the same media as your drive A)

OS/2 (or another operating system) installed on your fixed disk .

When this installation procedure is complete, you can start DOS 4 .00
from the diskette that you create during installation ; then you can
remove the Startup diskette from drive A and operate DOS 4 .00 from
the fixed disk .

1 . Label your blank diskette Select Copy .

2 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Install diskette in drive A .

3 . Turn on your system .

If your system is already on, press Ctrl +Alt+ Del to restart your
system .

Note : The + between key names means that the keys must be
pressed and held down in the order shown and released
together .

28
 You see the following screen . (If you are installing with 5 .25-inch
diskettes, remove the Install diskette and insert the Select
diskette ; then press Enter to see this screen .)

DOS SELECT
DOS 4 .00

(C) Copyright IBM Corp . 1988.

All rights reserved .

Press Enter (_J) to continue or Esc to Cancel

4 . Press Enter and follow the instructions as they are displayed .

The messages tell you what action is occurring and when to

insert diskettes . The selection cursor on each screen is on the
choice that SELECT makes for you when you press the Enter key .
To make a different choice, use the arrow keys (T or 1 ) to move
the selection cursor to a different option ; then press Enter .

29


During installation, you see the following screen :

Select Installation Drive

Choose the drive to install DOS on :

1. C

2. B

Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

Item 2, which is for installing to diskette, may show an A or a B

on your system .
5 . Choose 1 ; then press Enter .
The following is displayed :

Specify DOS Location

You can accept the DOS directory name shown or type a new
directory name .

DOS Directory . . . .C :\[DOS

To select option 1 below, press Enter . To change your

option, press the tab key, highlight your choice and then
press Enter .

1 . Update all DOS files on fixed disk

2 . Copy non-system files to directory specified

Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

The cursor on this screen is at the entry field for the directory
name .

30
6 . Do either of the following :

Press the tab key to accept "DOS" as the name of the direc-
tory i n which to install DOS 4 .00, or

Type in a new name for the directory ; then press the tab key .

7 . Press the arrow key (1) to move the selection cursor to option 2 .

8 . Press Enter .

9 . Continue installation as directed on the screen .

Note : You have the opportunity to review the choices you make
during installation and those that SELECT makes for you .
You can either accept these choices or change them . If
you review your choices and want to change the Shell
parameters (startup options), refer to "Customizing the
DOS Shell with Startup Options" on page 110 .

When you complete installation, you see this screen :

Installation Complete

Installation of IBM DOS 4 .00 is complete .

The files AUTOEXEC .400 and CONFIG .400 have been

copied to your fixed disk . These files reflect
the options selected for DOS 4 .00 .

To get the options selected for DOS 4 .00 :

1 . Update your AUTOEXEC .BAT and CONFIG .SYS
files
2 . Copy DOS 4 .00 system files to drive C

REFER TO THE "GETTING STARTED WITH DOS 4 .00" BOOK

FOR INFORMATION ON UPDATING THESE FILES AND ON
USING THE DOS SHELL .

Remove all diskettes . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS .

10 . Remove the Operating diskette .

11 . Insert the Install diskette in drive A .

12 . Press CtrI+Alt+Del to restart your system .

13 . Press Esc ; then press F3 to exit SELECT .

If you are installing with 5 .25-inch 360KB diskettes, press Esc to

exit SELECT .

14 . Change the name of the Select Copy diskette to Startup .

31
15 . At the prompt (A>) type :

FORMAT A : /S

The DOS FORMAT utility is started . (For more information on the

FORMAT command, see Using DOS 4 .00 .)

When asked to insert a diskette, insert the Startup diskette .

When asked for a volume label, type any name you want, up
to eleven characters long . (A suggestion is STARTUP .) Then
press Enter .

When asked if you are going to format another diskette, type

N (no) ; then press Enter .

16 . To copy the AUTOEXEC .400 and CONFIG .400 files created by

SELECT to your Startup diske te, enter:

COPY C :\* .400

17 . To rename CONFIG .400, enter:

RENAME CONFIG .400 CONFIG .SYS

18 . To rename AUTOEXEC .400, enter :

RENAME AUTOEXEC .400 AUTOEXEC .BAT

19 . Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to start DOS 4 .00 .

Note : For any error messages you may receive, refer to

Appendix D in Using DOS 4 .00 for an explanation .

The DOS Shell is displayed .

The Startup diskette can be removed after system startup . It must

be used each time you want to start DOS 4 .00 .

20 . Refer to Chapter 3, "Learning to Use the DOS Shell," to learn

what a "shell" is and how to accomplish tasks using the DOS
Shell .

Defining Larger Partitions

If you are installing to a system with partitions defined at 32MB or
smaller and you want to create larger partitions, you must back up
your fixed disk and remove the current partitions before installing
DOS 4 .00 . To do this :

1 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Install diskette in drive A .

32
2 . Turn on your system . If it is already on, press Ctrl+Alt+Del to
restart your system .

3 . Press Esc ; then press F3 . Your system displays the A > prompt .

If installing with 360KB 5 .25-inch diskettes, press Esc . Your

system displays the A > prompt .

4 . Remove the Install diskette .

5 . Insert the DOS 4 .00 Operating diskette in drive A .

If installing with 360KB 5 .25-inch diskettes, insert the DOS 4 .00

Select diskette in drive A .

6 . Define a path to the FORMAT command on your fixed disk . For

example :

PATH C :\DOS

7 . Use the BACKUP command to back up all the partitions (drives)

on the fixed disk you want to repartition .

BACKUP automatically formats the target diskette if it is not

already formatted . When the format is completed, you are asked
if you want to format another diskette . Type N (no) to continue
with BACKUP . After BACKUP fills a diskette, you are prompted to
insert another diskette . Refer to Using DOS 4 .00 for complete
instructions on using the BACKUP command .

When the command is completed, your system again displays the

A > prompt .

8. Remove the diskette from drive A .

9. Insert the Install diskette in drive A .

10 . Use the FDISK utility to partition your fixed disk to the new parti-
tion sizes you want . Refer to Chapter 6 of this book for
instructions on using FDISK .

At the completion of FDISK, you are instructed to restart your

system . Press any key when ready .

11 . At the SELECT screen, press Esc ; then press F3 . Your system

displays the A > prompt .

If installing with 360KB 5 .25-inch diskettes, press Esc . Your

system displays the A > prompt .

33
12 . Use the FORMAT command to format the drives you created
during FDISK . Refer to Using DOS 4.00 for instructions on using
the FORMAT command .

13 . Remove the Install diskette .

14 . Insert the Operating diskette in drive A .

If installing with 360KB 5 .25-inch diskettes, insert the Select

diskette in drive A .

15 . Restore each backed-up partition using the RESTORE command .

Refer to Using DOS 4 .00 for instructions on using the RESTORE
command .

16 . Install DOS 4 .00 .

34


IBMCACHE Command Considerations

If you are installing DOS 4 .00 on a PS/2 TM and plan to use the IBM
Disk Cache device driver shipped on the reference diskette, set the
BUFFERS statement in the CONFIG .SYS file to BUFFERS=3 .

Command Prompt
DOS 4 .00 and the DOS Shell are installed i n a directory that is created
during the SELECT installation program . If the name of the directory
was not changed during installation, it is the DOS directory . If DOS
4 .00 was installed to the fixed disk, the command prompt indicates
this by showing C as the drive and DOS as the directory :
C :\DOS>

Changing the Default Drive

The letter that appears in the DOS prompt is the default drive . DOS
searches the default drive to find any commands or filenames that
you type .

If you start DOS from a fixed Disk, C is the default drive . If you start
DOS from a diskette, A is the default drive . If you want to access
information in another drive, you can change the default drive by
typing the new drive letter followed by a colon . For example :
C :\> (original prompt)
C :\>A : (new drive designation)
Press Enter
A :\> (new prompt)

Now A is the default drive .

PS/2 is a trademark of the International Business Machines Corporation .

35
36


Chapter 3 . Learning to Use the DOS Shell

The DOS Shell is designed to make it easier to use DOS functions and
to help you select and run your application programs . It is called a
"shell" because it surrounds DOS, covering the details of the disk
operating system .

This chapter takes you on a "tour" of many of the basic Shell func-
tions, showing you how the Shell works . The next chapter describes
some of the advanced tasks possible in the Shell . By pressing the F1
key, online Help is available throughout the Shell on all entry fields
and selectable items . The DOS Shell Reference Card shows the
details of the Shell, including Start Programs, the File System, and
key assignments .

This tour will show you how the Shell works so that you can get
started on your work as quickly as possible . Start the tour at the
beginning and work your way through to the end . If you are pressed
for time, there are "side trips" that you can skip and come back to
later . Learning how to exit the Shell is the first activity on the tour
agenda . The tour is divided into four sections :

• Introducing the DOS Shell

• Exiting and Restarting the Shell
• Exploring Start Programs
• Exploring the File System

Along the way, you see how to use online Help, select and deselect
files, change directories, select a display format, and change the
colors of the Shell . You will be able to set the date and time ; create,
rename, and delete a directory ; and find, copy and delete a file .

The activities necessary to complete a task are numbered . When you

are asked to type something, it is shown in UPPERCASE letters ;
however, you can use uppercase or lowercase letters, or both .

During this tour, you are asked to use the PgUp, PgDn, and arrow
keys . If these keys do not work on your keyboard, press the NumLock
key .

37


Introducing the DOS Shell

The DOS Shell makes it possible for you to complete common DOS
tasks by selecting options from a list instead of entering commands
for these tasks at the command prompt . Common DOS functions are
available to you in the Shell in an easy-to-use format . The Shell pro-
vides easy access to the command prompt for any tasks you want to
complete from there .

Turn On Your System

If your system is already on, press Ctrl + Alt + Del to start DOS 4 .00
and view the first Shell screen .

Note: The + between key names means that the keys must be
pressed and held down in the order shown and released
together .

Start Programs is the first screen you see in the Shell :

r N
03-01-88
Program Group Exit
Start Programs
I 3 :30 pm
F1=Help

Main Group
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors
DOS Utilities . . .

F10=Actions Shift+F9Command Prompt

J

The screen shown on your system may look different from the one
pictured here . There are two display modes in the Shell : text and
graphics . Throughout this book, the Shell is pictured in text mode .

The screen displayed is titled Start Programs . From here you can
start programs, change the items in the Main Group, display a new
group, change the colors of the Shell, and reach the command
prompt . File System presents you with an area of activity where you
can manage your directories and files .

38
The Main Group is the primary listing of the items in the Shell . The
Main Group can contain programs or groups . A subgroup can contain
only programs . These group arrangements are discussed in the tour
and i n more detail i n Chapter 4 .

The figure on page 40 is an outline of the Shell and shows you the
areas of activities and how to reach them . Many of these activities
are explored in this tour .

Mouse and Keyboard Information

The Shell is designed to work with a keyboard, a mouse, or both .
Keyboard information necessary to complete this tour is contained in
the tour directions .

For information on using a mouse, (and the scroll bar, which is part of
the Shell in graphics mode) plus additional information on keyboard
operation, refer to "Mouse and Keyboard Operation" on page 76 .

39


This figure shows the paths to the functions that are available to you
in the DOS Shell .

Start Programs

Program Group Exit

- Start - Add -Exit Shell

- Add - Change - Resume
- Change - Delete Start Programs
Delete - Reorder
- Copy

Main Group

- DOS Utilities . . .
- Set Date and Time
- Disk Copy
- Disk Compare
- Backup Fixed Disk
- Restore Fixed Disk
- Format

- Change Colors

- Command Prompt

- File System

File Options Arrange Exit

- Open (start) Display options - Single -Exit File

- Print Name file list System
- Associate Sort - Multiple - Resume File
- Move File options file list System
- Copy - Confirm on - System
- Delete delete file list
- Rename - Confirm on
- Change attribute replace
-View -Select across
- Create directory directories
- Select all Show information
Deselect all

Figure 3 . Available Functions in the DOS Shell

40
Exiting and Restarting the Shell
You can exit the Shell from Start Programs in two ways : You can
press F3 or you can select Exit at the action bar, and then select Exit
Shell F3 from the pull-down that follows .

Note : The action bar contains keywords that, when selected, cause a
group of actions or additional keywords to appear in a
pull-down . A pull-down is a list of selections that follows after
you select one of the items on the action bar . To exit a
pull-down without making a selection from the pull-down items,
press the Esc key, or with the mouse, click outside the
pull-down .

To begin the tour, follow these steps to exit the Shell to the DOS
prompt and then restart the Shell :

1 . Press F3 . You see the DOS command prompt on your screen :

C :\DOS>

This command prompt shows C as the drive and DOS as the

directory. Your command prompt may be different, depending on
the decisions made when DOS 4 .00 was installed .

2 . At the prompt, type :

DOSSHELL

3 . Press Enter to restart the Shell .

41


You can exit the Shell at any time during the tour . If a help
message or an error message is displayed, first press Esc ; then
press F3 to exit the Shell . If you are in the File System, press F3
to exit the File System ; then press F3 again to exit the Shell .

You are now back at the first Shell screen .

Exploring Start Programs

This figure shows the different parts of Start Programs .

0 3 :30 pm
I F1=Help
© Group Contents
Main Group
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
o start a program or display a new group, press Enter .
El Action Bar
Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors
DOS Utilities . . . Display Title

Group Title

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The two main parts of Start Programs are the action bar and the
group area . As you go through this tour, you will see that there can
be different group titles, but the display title remains Start Programs .

The three items on the action bar (Program, Group, and Exit) are
explored later in the tour.

1 . Press the F10 key .

Note that Program on the action bar is now highlighted . Pressing

the F10 key always moves the selection cursor to and from the
action bar . "Highlighting" is the method used in the Shell to indi-
cate an item or an area of activity . This highlighting is called the
"selection cursor ."

2 . Press the arrow key (-k or E--) several times .

The selection cursor moves to the various items on the action

bar . (If your arrow keys are not active, press the NumLock key .)

42


3 . Continue pressing the arrow key until the selection cursor is

again on Program .

Online Help

Online help is always available to you in the Shell . By pressing the

F1 key, Help is displayed for the entry field or the item highlighted

with the selection cursor . Help is also available for all error mes-

sages .

1 . Press the F1 key now to view the Help for the Program item .

The following is displayed :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit F1=Help

Main Group
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors Program Help
DOS Utilities . . Select this action to start, add, change,
copy, or delete a program . You must place
the selection cursor on the program title
you want to work with before you select
this action .

Esc=Cancel F1=Help F11=Index F9=Keys

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

This Help for Program is similar to the Help information that is

available to you at any time . You can press the F1 key for help

with all entry fields and selectable items .

The keys listed at the bottom of this Help panel are present on all

Help panels :

Esc=Cancel Returns you to the first Help panel ; from the first

help panel, lets you cancel Help .

F1 Help Shows you how the Help function works in the Shell .

F11 Index Shows you an index of the Help that is available in

the Shell .

F9=Keys Shows you the keys that have special functions in

the Shell .

43


2 . Press F11 to see the Help index .

The Help index first shows important topics, and then an alpha-
betic list of the Shell Help .

Note : If you do not have a key on your keyboard defined as F11,

press and hold the Alt key, then press the F1 key .

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit 1 F1=Hel p

Main Group
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors Indexed Help Selections
DOS Utilities . . More : y
Introduction
Selecting Instructions
Start Programs Instructions
File System Instructions
Keyboard Instructions

Esc=Cancel F1=Help F11=Index F9=Keys

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The selection cursor is on Introduction .

3 . Press Enter to view the Introduction .

The first panel of the Shell introduction looks like this :

Introduction
More :
Welcome to the DOS 4 .00 Shell!
Use the PgDn key to scroll the
information in this Introduction .

In general, use the PgUp and PgDn

Esc=Cancel F1=Help F11=Index F9=Keys

4 . Read through the Introduction .

Note the instructions to use the PgUp and PgDn keys . Use those
keys now to see each page in the Introduction . The PgUp and
PgDn keys work in this fashion throughout the Shell when you
want to scroll a list or information . (If your PgUp and PgDn keys
are not active, press the NumLock key .)

44


Side Trip to the Help Function Keys

If you like, you can take time now to explore the other areas of
Help . To do this :
a . Press the F1 key to see how the Shell Help function works .
b . Press the F9 key to view a list of special key assignments .
c . Press Esc to return .
5 . Press Esc to exit Help .

Exploring the Start Programs Action Bar

The Start Programs action bar has three items, Program, Group, and
Exit. Each action bar item has a pull-down . Follow these steps to
explore the functions available at the Start Programs action bar .
1 . Use the arrow key (-+ or 4-) to move the selection cursor to
Program at the action bar . (If a Help panel is displayed, press Esc
to exit Help ; then move the selection cursor to Program at the
action bar .)
2 . Press Enter or the down arrow key (J,) .
The following is displayed :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit I F1=Help

Start select an item, use the up and down arrows .

rt a program or display a new group, press Enter .
Add . . .
Cha*ge . . .
*elete . . .
*opy . . .

F10=Actions Shift+F9-Command Prompt

An ellipsis ( . . .) after an item in any pull-down in the Shell means

that a pop-up follows when you press Enter . When an ellipsis is
used in the Shell, it means that more information follows . An
asterisk (*) within an item means the item is not selectable . (In
graphics mode, the unselectable item is shaded or "blurred .")

45
 Note: A pop-up is used to request additional information con-
cerning an item i n a pull-down .

3 . Press the arrow key

The items in the Group pull-down let you add, change, or delete a
group item, or rearrange the order in which the items appear .
The ellipsis ( . . .) following each item means that a pop-up follows,
requesting more information and guiding you through the activity .

4 . Press the arrow key (--+) again .

The items in the Exit pull-down let you exit the Shell or resume
Start Programs .

5 . Continue pressing the arrow key to view these pull-downs as

often as you want .
You can view the Help text available on each pull-down item by
pressing the arrow keys (T or 1 ) to select the item and then
pressing the F1 key . Press Esc to exit Help .

6 . Press Esc to exit the pull-downs .

Exploring the Main Group

You can have two levels of groups in the Shell . The Main Group is
the primary level and you can add programs or groups to the Main
Group . The programs you add to the Main Group can start from
there. Subgroups can contain only programs .

When you are ready to add items, there is more information in

Chapter 4 .

Exploring DOS Utilities and Setting Date and Time

The Shell comes with several common utilities that you can access
directly from the Shell . When Dos Utilities . . . is started, you see a sub-
group by that name .
1 . Press the F10 key if the selection cursor is not in the group con-
tents area .
2 . Press the arrow key (J, or T) to place the selection cursor on DOS
Utilities. . . .

If you like, you can press F1 to view the Help for DOS Utilities . . . .
Press Esc to exit Help .

46


3 . Press Enter to view the DOS Utilities . . . subgroup .

The DOS Utilities . . . subgroup is displayed and the selection
cursor is on the Set Date and Time item .

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit F1=Hel p

DOS Utilities . . .
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Set Date and Time

Disk Copy
Disk Compare
Backup Fixed Disk
Restore Fixed Disk
Format

F10=Actions Esc=Cancel Shift+F9=Command Prompt

Each of the utilities listed in the DOS Utilities . . . subgroup, when

started, is followed by a pop-up . With the exception of Set Date and
Time, they each have the most common parameters predefined . A
cursor appears at the entry field in each pop-up, giving you the
opportunity to accept the predefined parameters or enter new ones .

Following are instructions to set the date and time using the utility i n
the Shell . The other utilities, when chosen, work similarly .

Side Trip to Set the Date and Time

If you want to skip setting the date and time, go right to "Changing the
Colors of the Shell" on page 49 .

47


The date and time are shown on the top of the screen . By following
these steps, you can set the correct date and time i n the Shell :
1 . Press Enter to start the Set Date and Time utility . You see the
following :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit F1=Help

DOS Utilities . . .
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Set Date and Time

Disk Copy
Disk Compare
Backup Fixed Disk Set Date and Time Utility
Restore Fixed Disk
Format Enter new date ??-??-??

Parameters . . [ ]

-*-J =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

F10=Actions Esc=Cancel Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The cursor is at the entry field of the first prompt .

2 . Enter the correct date, using the character shown in the pop-up to
separate month, day and year entries .
You can press the F1 key for more information about this entry
field .
3 . Press Enter . The time entry field is displayed .
4 . Enter the time in hours and minutes .
Use two digits for each entry . For example, 1 :35 p .m . is entered
like this :
13 :35
Press F1 if you want more information about this entry field .
5. Press Enter . You see a prompt telling you to press any key to
continue . Press the Enter key .
The DOS Utilities . . . subgroup is again displayed .

If date and time entry fields are again displayed, it means the
entries were made incorrectly . Reenter the date and time .
6 . Press Esc to return to the Main Group .

48
Changing the Colors of the Shell
One item in the Main Group allows you to change the colors of your
Shell . Do that now by following these steps :

1 . If you are in the DOS Utilities . . . subgroup, press Esc to return to

the Main Group .

2 . Press the arrow key (T or 1 ) to move the selection cursor to

Change Colors .

If you like, you can press the F1 key to view the Help on this item .
Press Esc to exit the Change Colors Help .

3 . Press Enter to start Change Colors .

4 . Press the arrow key (either E- or -->) to see the color selections
available .

5 . Press Enter when you have made your choice, or press Esc to
leave the colors as they were .

The Shell returns to the Main Group displayed in the colors you
chose .

Exploring the Shell Command Prompt

By following these steps, you will see how you can reach the Shell
command prompt, use DOS commands, and return to your task at the
point where you left it .

Using the Shell command prompt differs from exiting to the DOS
prompt as illustrated at the beginning of this tour . From the DOS
prompt, you restart the Shell . From the Shell prompt, you return to
the Shell at the point where you left it .

1 . Press the arrow key (T or J,) to move the selection cursor to

Command Prompt.

2 . Press Enter .

49
 The Shell command prompt looks like this :

When ready to return to the DOS Shell, type EXIT then press enter .

IBM DOS Version 4 .00

(C)Copyright International Business Machines Corp 1981, 1988
(C)Copyright Microsoft Corp 1981-1986

C :\DOS>

Note: You can press Shift+F9 and reach the Shell command
prompt at any point i n the Shell . If an additional panel is
being displayed (for example, a Help panel), press Esc ;
then press Shift+F9 to reach this command prompt .
You can use all the DOS commands from this prompt . For infor-
mation on DOS commands, refer to Using DOS 4 .00 .
3 . At the prompt, type :
EXIT

4 . Press Enter .
You are returned to the Shell at the point where you left it .

Side Trip to Files and Directories

Switching to the File System is the next item on the tour . While
touring the File System, you will be working with files and directories .
If you are familiar with the way to organize information on a system,
skip this side trip and go directly to "Switching to the File System" on
page 53 .

50
Information on a system is organized in directories . A directory is a
grouping of files containing related information . A file is like a docu-
ment .

It helps to think of the root directory on your system as a file drawer,

a subdirectory as a division within that drawer, and a file as a file
folder within that division .

Root
Directory

When DOS 4.00 was installed on your computer, it copied some of its
files from the DOS 4 .00 diskettes to the root directory . The root lists
all the directories .

Current Directory
Whichever directory you are using is called the current directory . If
you stay, for example, in the root directory, then the root (\) is your
current directory . If DOS 4 .00 was installed in the DOS directory,
when you are using the Shell, DOS is your current directory .

51
Directory Trees
A directory tree is a diagram of the directories on a system as they
branch out from the root . (In the File System portion of the Shell, one
of the areas is titled Directory Tree and diagrams the directories on
your system .) The following is an example of a directory tree :

C :\
DOS
SURDIR1
SUBDIR2

PAYROLL

DIR3

DIR4

SUBDIR1
SUBDIR2

DIR5

Specifying Path Names

When you want to access information on your system, you specify its
location, or path, in terms of :

The drive storing the information

The directory containing the information
The filename of the information .

For example, if you are at the C prompt and you want to specify a file
named MYFILE which resides on drive A, you type and enter :

A :MYFILE

If you are at the A prompt and you want to specify the EDITOR .CMD
file in the PAYROLL subdirectory on drive C, you type and enter :

C :\PAYROLL\EDITOR .CMD

52


Switching to the File System

In the next section, you will create a directory and copy and delete a
file while exploring the File System . To get started, follow these
steps :

1 . Press the arrow key (J, or T) to move the selection cursor to File
System.

When you press Enter, you switch to the File System portion of
the Shell .

2 . Press Enter to switch to the File System .

After switching to the File System, you see this displayed :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Hel p

A B C

C:\

Directory Tree More : 4 * .* More : 4

> C :\ 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
LDOS IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88
IBMDOS COM 37,012 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88
CONFIG SYS 160 03-01-88
AUTOEXEC .BAT 127 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

In the File System, the action bar has four items . The Exit item allows
you to return to the Main Group of Start Programs .

To switch back to Start Programs :

1 . Press the F10 key if the selection cursor is not at the action bar .

2 . Use the arrow key (-+)to move the selection cursor to Exit .

3 . Press Enter . The selection cursor is on Exit File System .

53


4 . Press Enter . The Start Programs screen is displayed .

To switch back to the File System :

5 . Use the arrow key (T or 1) to move the selection cursor to File

System ; then press Enter .

The File System is again displayed .

Exploring the File System

This figure shows you the different parts of the File System .

4 5 6:
~---
• Action Bar

A B • Directory Tree

• Display Title
Directory Tree More : 4
. * * More : 4
.
012345 .678 109 03-01-88
C :\ IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88 Drive Identifier
DOS IBMDOS COM 37,012 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 39 .812 03-01-88
CONFIG .SYS 180 03-01-88 • Path Area
AUTOEXEC BAT 127 03-01-88

6 File List
F10-Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

J • Filename Area

In the File System, you can manage your files and directories, and
you can start a program from here, too . (For a complete diagram of
the activities that are possible with each action bar item, refer to the
figure on page 40 .)

1 . Press the F10 key several times . Note that the selection cursor
moves to and from the action bar .

2 . Press the tab key several times to move the the selection cursor
to the active parts of the File System .

As you move the selection cursor to the different areas, you can
press F1 to view the online Help for each area . Also, note the area
title for Directory Tree . Next to the Directory Tree area is the file list
area .

54


Just above the file list is a designation showing which files are dis-
played . The * .* are global characters, and these are discussed later
in this tour . Which files are displayed, and this designation, is deter-
mined by the entry in the Display options . . . pull-down . The Display
options . . . pull-down is discussed in "Sorting Files" and "Finding
Files ."

There is more information on displaying files in "Exploring the File

System Screen Arrangements" on page 57 .

Exploring the File System Action Bar

The File System action bar has four items, File, Options, Arrange, and
Exit . Each of the action bar items, when selected, displays a
pull-down showing the tasks that can be performed by selecting that
item .
1 . Press F10 to reach the action bar . The selection cursor is on File .

2 . Press Enter, or press the . key . The File pull-down is displayed .

3 . Press the arrow key (-p) . The Options pull-down is displayed .
4. Press the arrow key The Arrange pull-down is displayed .

5. Press the arrow key (->) to display the Exit pull-down .

Each of the items on the action bar is explored in the tour . (For a
more complete description of the File System, you can refer to
page 95 .)
6. Press Esc to exit the pull-down .

Selecting and Deselecting All the Files

The Shell lets you select all the files in the current directory at one
time, and also lets you deselect all the files at one time . Follow these
steps to learn how this is done .

Selecting all the Files

1 . If the selection cursor is not at the action bar, press F10 . The
selection cursor is on File .

55


2 . Press Enter . The File pull-down is displayed, and it shows you

the tasks you can perform by selecting File .

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

*pen (start) . . .
*rint . . .
*ssociate . . .

*ove . . . More : l * .* More : 4

*opy . . . IBMBIO .COM 30,831 03-01-88
*elete . . . IBMDOS .COM 37,012 03-01-88
*ename . . . COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88
C*ange attribute . . . CONFIG SYS 160 03-01-88
*iew AUTOEXEC .BAT 127 03-01-88

Create directory . . .
Select all
Dese*ect all

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The steps that follow describe how to select and deselect all the
files ; however, each of the items i n the File pull-down works simi-
larly, and pressing F1 displays Help for each item . You can see
by the ellipses that some of the items are followed by pop-ups .

Note : An asterisk (*) within an item means the item is not select-
able . (In graphics mode, the unselectable item is shaded
or "blurred .")

For example, after selecting a file, Change attribute . . . lets you

change the file's attributes . Possible choices are Hidden,
Read-only, and Archive . At each of these choices in the Change
attribute . . . pop-up, you can press F1 for explanations and help in
selecting it .

3 . Press the arrow key ( .L) to move the selection cursor to Select all ;

then press Enter .

Note that the screen changes and the selection symbol is now in
front of each of the filenames, indicating that it is selected for
whatever activity you choose . (In graphics mode, the symbol in
front of a file is shaded when it is selected .)

56
Deselecting all the Files
1 . At the File System action bar, press the arrow key (-- or F--) to
move the selection cursor to File .
2 . Press Enter . The File pull-down is displayed .
3 . Press the arrow key (1) to move the selection cursor to Deselect
all ; then press Enter .
Note that the screen changes and now there are no symbols pre-
ceding the filenames, which indicates that none of the files is
selected . (In graphics mode, the symbols in front of the files are
no longer shaded, indicating that none of the files is selected .)

Exploring File System Screen Arrangements

The screen presently being displayed shows you the files in one
directory . You also can view the files in two different directories or
all the files in the specified drive .
1 . Use the arrow key (-*) to move the selection cursor to Arrange at
the action bar .
If the selection cursor is not at the action bar on your screen,
press F10 ; then move the selection cursor to Arrange .
2 . Press Enter . The selection cursor is on Single file list .
3 . Press Enter again .
If an item is not selectable, in text mode, an asterisk (*) appears
within the item . In graphics mode, the unselectable item is
shaded or "blurred ."
If the screen format presently being displayed on your system is
Single file list, it is not selectable .
4 . Press the arrow key ( .L) to move the selection cursor to Multiple
file list; then press Enter .

57


The screen changes and the multiple file list is shown :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C:\

Directory Tree More : y * .* More : y

> C :\ 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
-DOS IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88

A B C

Directory Tree More : * .* More :

> C :\ 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
-DOS IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The multiple file list lets you view two directories on the same
drive or two directories on two different drives at the same time .
The display pictured shows the root (\) directory on drive C dis-
played twice .

To display a different directory on the same drive, change the

directory i n one of the directory trees :

a . Tab to the Directory Tree area .

b . Use the arrow key (I and T) to move the selection cursor to
the desired directory ; then press Enter .

The files in the directory you selected are displayed in the file list
area .

The path area in a multiple file list display shows the path for the
current (active) directory (the directory i n which you are working) .
For example, if the root (\) directory is active in the top of the
screen and you change to the DOS directory in the bottom of the
screen, as you tab to the two areas, the path area changes to
reflect the currently active directory . The same is true if you
display two drives . The path area changes to reflect the currently
active drive .

To display directories on two drives, select another drive letter in

one of the drive identifier areas .

a . Tab to the drive identifier area .

58
 b . Use the arrow key (-> or -) to move the selection cursor to
the desired drive ; then press Enter .
The drive you selected now replaces one of the displays . As you
press the tab key to move to the different areas of the screen, the
path area changes to reflect the currently active drive and direc-
tory .
5 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .
6 . Use the arrow key (--+) to move the selection cursor to Arrange at
the action bar ; then press Enter .
7 . Press the arrow key ( 1 ) to move the selection cursor to System
file list ; then press Enter.
By selecting System file list, all the files on your drive can be
viewed . A file information panel is also shown . (There is an
explanation of this information on page 62, and it is also dis-
cussed later in this tour .)

Sorting Files
The Shell lets you sort your files so that they are displayed in order of
name, extension, date, size, or disk order . The following steps guide
you in sorting your files by extension . (If you want to sort all the files
on a drive, and you have not been following the tour, first select the
System file list item from the Arrange pull-down as described i n
"Exploring File System Screen Arrangements .")
1 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .
2 . Use the arrow key (-+ or F-) to move the selection cursor to
Options ; then press Enter . The selection cursor is on Display
options. . . .
3 . Press Enter . The Display options . . . pop-up is shown . The cursor
is at the Name : entry field .
4 . Press the tab key to reach the Sort by : list .
5 . Press the arrow key (J,) to move the selection cursor to Extension ;
then press Enter.
The file list area now lists the files on drive C sorted alphabet-
ically by extension .
If you like, you can practice now sorting the files by any of the
other sort options .

59
Finding Files
The Shell lets you find a file easily no matter where it is on your
drive . The System file list screen format (the format presently on
your screen) displays all the files in the specified drive (the drive you
have selected) .

Follow these steps to find all the files with the BAT extension, and
then to find and view a file called DOSSHELL .BAT:

1 . Press F10 to reach the action bar if the selection cursor is not
already on it .

2 . Use the arrow key (-- or E-) to move the selection cursor to
Options ; then press Enter . The selection cursor is on the Display
options . . . item .

3 . Press Enter . The Display options. . . pop-up is shown . The cursor

is at the Name : entry field .

4 . Type over the asterisks :

Note: The * is a global character . When you use it in place of the

filename, all the files in the current directory with that
extension, regardless of their names, are listed in the list
of files .

The same is true if you use the global character in the

extension position . Typing FILENAME .* lists all the files
named FILENAME, regardless of their extensions .

This is a good way to find a file when you are unsure of

either the name or the extension . For more information
about global characters, see Using DOS 4 .00 .

5 . Press Enter .

The File System is again displayed and the file list area now
shows only the files on drive C with the BAT extension . The
selection cursor is on Options at the action bar .

6 . Press Enter to select Options .

60


7 . Press Enter to select Display options. . . from the pull-down .

8 . Type over the asterisks :

DOSSHELL .BAT

9 . Press Enter.

The File System is displayed and the file list area now shows only the
DOSSHELL .BAT file .

Because you entered a specific filename (DOSSHELL .BAT) in Display

options . . ., the screen you see shows only the DOSSHELL .BAT file
listed in the file list area. The panel on the left has status information
about the DOSSHELL .BAT file .

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange F1--Hel p

A B C

C :\DOS

File DOSSHELL .BAT More :

Name : DOSSHELL .BAT DOSSHELL .BAT 307 03-01-88 3 :30pm
Attr : . . .a
Selected C
Number : 0
Size : 0
Directory
Name : DOS
Size : 1,269,978
Files : 99
Disk
Name : DOS
Size : 73,222,144
Avail : 70,457,344
Files : 185
Dirs : 2

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

In this display, the DOSSHELL .BAT file is shown in the DOS directory
on drive C . (The file status numbers in the panel on the left of your
screen may be different from those shown in the figure .)

61


Reading the File Status Information

The file status panel on the System file list screen can be read as
follows :

File The name of the most recently highlighted file and its
attribute (a) . The "a" attribute means archive . Other
possible attributes are "h" (hidden), "s" (system), and
"r" (read only) .
Selected The number of selected files . It is a good idea to check
how many files are selected before you delete files .
Directory The name and size of the directory containing the most
recently highlighted file . Also shown is the number of
files in that directory .
Disk The name and size of the disk, how much space the disk
still has available, the number of directories on the disk,
and the number of files presently resident on the disk .

Side Trip to View a File

Follow these steps to view the DOSSHELL .BAT file :

1 . Press the tab key to move the selection cursor to the list of files .
Because of the previous steps in this tour, the DOSSHELL .BAT
file is the only file presently listed in the file list .

Note : The steps that follow to view the DOSSHELL .BAT file work
for any file . They also work whenever you select a file
from the file list, whether or not it is the only one there . If
there is more than one file displayed in the file list, use the
arrow keys (T or 1) to move the selection cursor to the file
you want to view ; then press the spacebar to select it .

Note that although the file in the file list, DOSSHELL .BAT, is high-
lighted, it is not selected .

2 . Press the spacebar to select the DOSSHELL .BAT file .

Note the symbol at the beginning of the filename when it is

selected . Also, the file information panel changes to indicate that
one file is now selected on drive C .

3 . Press the F10 key to return the selection cursor to the action bar ;
then press Enter to select File .

4 . Use the arrow key ( .j) to move the selection cursor to the View
item ; then press Enter .

The DOSSHELL .BAT file is displayed .

62
 Note the action keys shown at the bottom of the screen . You can
press the F9 key to view a file in hexadecimal (base 16 num-
bering system used by programmers) . Press F9 again to return
to ASCII (readable text) .

5 . Press Esc to return to the File System display .

Note that the file that was previously selected is now deselected .
The Shell deselects files when you perform an operation on the
selected files .

Because you replaced the * .* with a filename, only one file,

DOSSHELL .BAT, is listed in the file list . Replace the global charac-
ters (* .*) to have all the files listed .

Follow these steps to replace these characters :

1 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .

2 . Use the arrow key ( -3 or F-) to move the selection cursor to

Options ; then press Enter .

3 . Press Enter to select Display options . . . . A pop-up is displayed .

4 . Type * .* in the entry field . (Press the spacebar or Del key to elim-
inate any remaining characters .)

5 . Press Enter .

Note that the list of files once again includes all the files on the
drive .

6 . Use the arrow key (-4 or E- ) to move the selection cursor to

Arrange ; then press Enter .

7 . Use the arrow key (J,) to move the selection cursor to Single file
list ; then press Enter .

The root directory is now the current directory and the files in the
root directory are again listed .

63
Working with Directories and Files
This part of the tour shows you how to create a directory, copy a file
into that directory, delete the file, rename the directory, and finally,
delete the directory that you made . These tasks are accomplished in
the File System . All of the steps are accompanied with complete
instructions, and there are explanations and examples of what you
can expect to see on your screen . (If you are unfamiliar with the DOS
Shell, refer to the beginning of this chapter before starting these
tasks .)

The procedures outlined here for creating, renaming, and deleting a

directory also apply to subdi rectories .

Creating a Directory
The first task is creating a directory . Because the selection symbol is
at the root (\) directory, this new directory will be a subdirectory of \ .
Any directory you create is a subdirectory of the current (selected)
directory .

Follow these steps :

1 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .
2 . Move the selection cursor to File ; then press Enter.
The File pull-down is displayed .
3 . Move the selection cursor to Create directory . . . ; then press Enter.

64


You see the following :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\

Direct Create Directory More : y

> C :\ 03-01-88
LDOS New directory name . . 03-01-88
03-01-88
03-01-88
03-01-88

~*J = Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The cursor is at the entry field .

4 . Type PRACTICE in the entry field as the name of your new direc-
tory ; then press Enter.

The directory you just made now shows i n your directory tree :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\

Directory Tree More : 4. * .* More : y

> C :\ 123456 .678 109 03-01-88
PRACTICE IBMDOS COM 37,012 03-01-88
DOS COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88
CONFIG SYS 160 03-01-88
AUTOEXEC .BAT 127 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt'

Because you were in the \ directory when you made the new
directory, PRACTICE is a subdi rectory of \ .

5 . Tab to the Directory Tree area .

6 . Change the directory to the PRACTICE directory . (Move the

selection cursor to PRACTICE ; then press Enter.)

65


Note : To change directories, the screen must be either a single

screen display, Single file list, or a multiple screen display,
Multiple file list . You can change your screen display by
selecting Arrange at the action bar .
The following is displayed :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\PRACTICE

Directory Tree More :t 1 * .* More :

C :\ No files in selected directory
> I-PRACTICE
LDOS

F10=Actions Shi ft+F9=Command Prompt

You are now i n the PRACTICE directory . Because you have no

files in the PRACTICE directory, there are no files to list in the list
of files .
7 . Press F10 to return to the action bar.

Copying a File
When DOS 4 .00 was installed on your system, a file named
012345 .678 was installed in the root directory .

Follow these steps to copy the 012345 .678 file to the PRACTICE
directory :
1 . Deselect any previously selected files .
a. Press F10 to reach the action bar ; then press Enter to select
File .
b . Move the selection cursor to Deselect all ; then press Enter .
(If you have no files selected, this item is unselectable . If this
is the case, press Esc to exit the File pull-down .)
It is always a good idea to deselect all files before beginning a
copy or delete activity .

66


2 . Change the directory to the root (\) directory .

a . Tab to the Directory Tree .

b . If the root directory (C :\) is not the current directory (the
current directory has the selection symbol in front of it), move
the selection cursor to C :1 ; then press Enter .

3 . Select the file you want to copy .

a . Tab to the file area .

b . Move the selection cursor to the file you want to copy ; then
press the spacebar to select it . Note the symbol that appears
in front of the file after it is selected . (In graphics mode, the
symbol becomes shaded .)
4 . View Show information . . . to check the file status .

a . Press F10 to reach the action bar .

b . Move the selection cursor to Options ; then press Enter .
c . Move the selection cursor to Show information . . . ; then press
Enter.
The Show Information panel is displayed :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1-Help

A B Show Information
File
C:\ Name :012345 .678
Attr : . . .a
Selected * .* More : y
> C :\ Number 1 > 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
-PRA Size 109 IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88
DOS Directory IBMDOS COM 39,812 03-01-88
Name :ROOT COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88
Size 105,749 CONFIG SYS 160 03-01-88
Files : 10 AUTOEXEC .BAT 127 03-01-88
Disk
Name :DOS
Size 73,222,144
Avail : 70,916,205
Files : 219
Dirs : 3

Esc=Cancel F1=Help

F10-
-Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

Note that the number of files shown as selected is 1 . (If the

number of files shown as selected in the file information on your
screen is more than 1, deselect all the selected files using the

67


procedure you learned earlier . Then restart this task at the first
step .)

The information on the Show Information panel is the same as

described for the information on the System file list screen
described on page 62 .

5. Press Esc to exit the Show Information panel .

6 . Move the selection cursor to File ; then press Enter .

The File pull-down is displayed .

7 . Move the selection cursor to Copy . . . ; then press Enter .

The following panel is displayed :

Copy File

From : [012345 .678

To : [C :\

4J =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

8 . At the cursor, type C :\PRACTICE . The C : is the drive, the \ is the

root and PRACTICE is the name of the directory to which you
want to copy the file (the destination directory) .

9 . Press Enter.

The file you copied is now in the PRACTICE directory and in the
root directory . (In this instance, because there was not a file of
the same name in the destination directory, no confirmation was
necessary . If there is a file of the same name in the destination
directory, you are given an opportunity to stop the copy -which
would write over the existing file-or confirm the writeover .)

10 . Change to the PRACTICE directory .

a. Tab to the Directory Tree .

b . Move the selection cursor to PRACTICE ; then press Enter .

68
 The file list area now shows the 012345 .678 file in the PRACTICE
directory :

le Options Arr E t

A B C

C :\PRACTICE

Directory Tree More :4 4 * .* More :

C :\ 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
> PRACTICE
0S

Deleting a File
Deleting a file is much like copying a file . First, the file must be
selected ; then, the file information can be checked :

1 . Deselect all previously selected files .

a. Select File at the action bar ; then press Enter .

b . Select Deselect all from the pull-down ; then press Enter .

2 . Tab to the list of files and select the 012345 .678 file . (Press the
spacebar to select the file .)

3 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .

4 . Move the selection cursor to File ; then press Enter .

69


The File pull-down is displayed :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

Open (start . . .
*tint . . .
Associate . . .

Move . . . More :[ 4 * .* More :

Copy . . . >012345 .678 109 03-01-88
Delete . . .
Rename . . .
Change attribute . . .
View

Create directory . . .
*elect all
Deselect all

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

5. Move the selection cursor to Delete . . . ; then press Enter .

The following panel is displayed :

Delete File

Delete . . [012345 .678

4-J=Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

The name of the file you selected to delete is named in this panel .

6. Press Enter .

70


The following panel is displayed :

Delete File

Deleting file : 012345 .678 1 of 1

Select an option .

Skip this file and continue

Delete this file

4 =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Hel p

The name of the file you chose to delete is named in this panel .
The selection cursor is on option 1 . To skip this file, press Enter.

7 . Move the selection cursor to option 2 ; then press Enter .

The file is deleted and the display again shows that there are no
files in the PRACTICE directory .

Renaming a Directory
Follow these steps to rename the PRACTICE directory :

1 . Change to the PRACTICE directory . (The PRACTICE directory

should already be the current directory . If the selection symbol is
not i n front of the PRACTICE directory, tab to the Directory tree
and move the selection cursor to the PRACTICE directory ; then
press the Enter key to change to the PRACTICE directory .)

2 . Press F10 to reach the action bar .

3 . Move the selection cursor to File ; then press Enter .

The File pull-down is displayed .

4 . Move the selection cursor to Rename . . . ; then press Enter .

71


The Rename pop-up is shown and the cursor is at the entry field :

4 =Enter Esc=Cancel- F1=Help

5 . Type MEMOS at the cursor.

6 . Press Enter .

The PRACTICE directory is now renamed MEMOS, and your

screen looks like this :

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Hel p

A B C

C : \MEMOS

Directory Tree More :t l * .* More :

C :\ No files in selected directory
> -MEMOS
OS

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Conmand Prompt

Deleting a Directory
To delete the MEMOS directory, or any directory, follow these steps .
The selection cursor is on File at the action bar .

1 . Press Enter . You see the File pull-down .

2 . Move the selection cursor to Delete . . . ; then press Enter.

72
 You see the following :

Delete Directory

Directory : C :\MEMOS

Select an option .

Do not delete this directory

2 . Delete this directory

* =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Hel p

This pop-up gives you the option to delete or not delete the direc-
tory that you have selected . The directory to be deleted is named
i n the pop-up .
If the correct directory (in this case, "MEMOS") is identified in the
pop-up, do the following :
3 . Move the selection cursor to item 2 . Delete this directory .
4 . Press Enter .
Note : In order for a directory to be deleted, it cannot contain files
or other directories . If you attempt to delete a directory
that is not empty, you see a message that access is denied .
If you see this message, press Esc to return to the action
bar, delete the contents of the directory, then delete the
directory .
The File System is displayed without the MEMOS directory .

This completes your tour . To return to Start Programs, move the

selection cursor to Exit and press Enter ; then press Enter again .

In this chapter, you exited the Shell to the DOS prompt and were
introduced to the Shell command prompt ; you had the opportunity to
switch between two portions of the Shell -Start Programs and File
Services -and you had an opportunity to complete several tasks .

The next chapter gives you information on doing more complex tasks,
along with other general information on the DOS Shell .

73
74


Chapter 4. Using the DOS Shell for

Advanced Tasks

This chapter has general information about how the Shell works, plus
instructions on several complex tasks . To complete the tasks pre-
sented in this chapter, you should first understand Chapter 3,
"Learning to Use the DOS Shell," starting on page 37 .

When DOS 4 .00 was installed on your system, the DOS Shell was
installed with various startup options that make it work in a certain
way . Refer to Chapter 5 for information on changing these options .

Online Help Information

Comprehensive help information is available throughout the Shell .
Pressing the F1 key displays Help for entry fields, selectable items,
and error messages .

An entry field is any area in which you are asked to enter information .
A selectable item is an item you are asked to select from a list of
options . You can press F1 for information on any entry field or on the
item you have selected .

From any Help panel, you also can do the following :

• Press F1 to learn how the Help function works .

• Press F11 to obtain an index of Help available i n the Shell .

There is a selectable list of instructions at the beginning of the
Help Index . Included in this list is an Introduction to the Shell and
instructions on Start Programs, the File System, selecting files,
and using a keyboard and a mouse . The rest of the Help Index is
listed alphabetically and offers help on all the entry fields and
selectable items .

• Press F9 to obtain help on the keys that have special functions .

When using a mouse, move the mouse pointer to F1= Help ; then
press the selector button .

75


Entry Field Guidelines

An entry field is any area in which you are asked to enter information .
It is defined by the characters surrounding it .

[ ] Brackets at each end of the entry field indicate that infor-

mation can be entered only inside those brackets .
[ > In text mode, a caret (>) at the right of the entry field
means that the entry field is longer than is visible on the
screen . When you reach the caret, either by entering
information or using the arrow key, the field scrolls to
display additional information and/or space available for
entering information . (When this is done, a caret also is
displayed at the left of the entry field indicating that there
is additional information or space to the left that is not
visible .) When all the remaining entry field is visible, the
ending (or right) bracket is displayed .
In graphics mode, an arrow is used in place of the caret .

Mouse and Keyboard Operation

The DOS Shell is designed to be used with a mouse, a keyboard, or

both . If you have a mouse attached to your system, you see a mouse
pointer on your screen .

The mouse pointer in graphics mode looks like this

on your screen .
R
The mouse pointer in text mode looks like this .

Selecting Items Using a Mouse

To select items from any list using a mouse :
1 . Move the mouse pointer over the item .
2 . Click (press the selector button once) to select the item .

In the Main Group, to start a program or view a subgroup, place the

mouse pointer over the title of the item ; then double-click (press the
selector button twice in quick succession) .

76
In the File System, to start a program, place the mouse pointer over
the name of the startable filename ; then double-click (press the
selector button twice in quick succession) .

Graphics Mode

Scroll Bar
If the Shell is installed on your system in
graphics mode, a scroll bar appears on
Line Up the screen . The scroll bar is designed to
Page Up work with a mouse . It is illustrated here
with the sections identified .
Slider
Box To see more items i n a list than can be
displayed at once, place the mouse
pointer over the arrow symbols i n the
scroll bar ; then press the selector button
to scroll through the list . If the selector
button is held, the list continues to
scroll . In addition, the arrows appear
shaded when no further scrolling in that
direction is possible .
u Page Down

i Line Down Or, place the mouse pointer over the

slider box, press and hold the selector
button, and drag the slider box up or
down . When you release the selector
button, the list scrolls to the position on
the list that is relative to the position of
the slider box .

Text Mode
If the Shell is installed on your system in text mode, place the mouse
pointer over the displayed arrow symbols (T 1) ; then press the
selector button to scroll through the list .

77


Selecting Items Using a Keyboard

In Start Programs :

1 . Press F10 to move between the action bar and the rest of the
screen .

2 . Press T, J, -p, or F-- to move the selection cursor to an item ; then :

• Either press Enter to start the program or view the subgroup

you selected, or press F10 to return to the action bar .
• On the action bar, press Enter .

In the File System :

1 . Press F10 to move between the action bar and the rest of the
screen .

2 . Use the tab key to move to the different areas .

3 . Use the arrow keys (T, or 4-) to move the selection cursor to
an item ; then :

• To select a drive or directory, press Enter.

• To select a file, press the spacebar .
• To start a program, press Enter .
Note that if there is an underlined or highlighted letter (mnemonic) in
a selectable item in the Shell, pressing that letter is another way to
select the item . If an asterisk (*) appears in an item, that item is not
selectable . In graphics mode, an unselectable item is shaded, or
"blurred ."

Changing Directories

To change directories, tab to the Directory Tree and use the arrow
key (T or 1 ) to move the selection cursor to the directory you want ;
then press Enter . Note that the symbol moves to the beginning of the
current directory .

To change directories using a mouse, place the mouse pointer over

the directory you want and click once . Note that the symbol is placed
at the beginning of the current directory .

78
Selecting and Deselecting Files

In the Shell, before you can perform any task with files, the file or
files affected must be selected .

Using a Keyboard
To select a file, tab to the file list and use the arrow key (T or J,) to
move the selection cursor to the file you want ; then press the
spacebar . In text mode, when a file is selected, a symbol is placed at
the beginning of the file . In graphics mode, the symbol at the begin-
ning of the file is shaded when the file is selected .

To select all the files listed in the file list :

1 . Select File at the File System action bar.
2 . Select Select all from the pull-down ; then press Enter .
To deselect a file, press the spacebar .

To deselect all the files you have selected :

1 . Select File at the File System action bar .
2 . Select Deselect all from the pull-down ; then press Enter .

Using a Mouse
To select a file, place the mouse pointer over the file ; then click once .

To select all the files listed in the file list :

1 . Place the mouse pointer over File at the action bar ; then click
once . The pull-down is displayed .
2 . Place the mouse pointer over Select all ; then click once .
To deselect a file, place the mouse pointer over the selected file ; then
click once .

To deselect all the files you have selected :

1 . Place the mouse pointer over the File item at the action bar ; then
click once . The pull-down is displayed .
2 . Place the mouse pointer over Deselect all ; then click once .
Note : Before beginning a task such as copying, deleting, or moving
files, it is always a good idea to check the file information to
make sure that all files are deselected . To check the file infor-

79


mation, select Options at the action bar ; then select Show infor-
mation. . . from the pull-down .

For information on selecting files across directories, refer to page

106 .

Adding Items in the Main Group

While in Start Programs, you can start a program and add, change,
copy, delete, or reorder group items . The Main Group is the first
level of the group structure . That group, which is the first screen
when you start the Shell, is shown here :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit I F1-Help

Main Group
To select an item, use the up and down arrows .
To start a program or display a new group, press Enter .

Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors
DOS Utilities . . .

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The DOS Shell has two levels of groups and each group can have as
many as 16 items . The Main Group now lists four items :
Command Prompt, when chosen, takes you to the Shell command
prompt where you can use all the DOS commands .
File System works like a program title in that, when you select it,
the Shell presents an area of activity . In the File System, you can
manage your directories and files .
Change Colors, when chosen, allows you to change the colors of
the Shell .
DOS Utilities. . . is the title of a group that comes with the Shell .
The ellipsis ( . . .) indicates that this is the title of a group . How to
use the DOS Utilities group, and the utilities in that group, is dis-
cussed in Chapter 3 .

80
A Word About Groups
The Main Group is the first level of the Shell's two-level group struc-
ture . The Main Group can contain both groups and programs ; sub-
groups (the second level of the group structure) can contain only
programs .

For example, a word processing group might contain a word

processor, a spell-checking utility, and an editor . You could title such
a group "Word Processing" and add that title to the Main Group .
Then when you select Word Processing from the Main Group (by
pressing Enter or double-clicking with the mouse), you see a sub-
group titled "Word Processing" to which you can add programs .

The following figure is an example of a group structure . Note that

when Word Processing . . . is selected from the Main Group, the Word
Processing . . . subgroup is displayed . You can then start the My Editor
program or the My Writer program from the Word Processing . . . sub-
group .

A program can be started (by pressing Enter or double-clicking with

the mouse) either in the Main Group or in a subgroup .

Main Group Word Processing . . .

Word Processing . . My Editor

DOS Utilities . . . My Writer

My Program

DOS Utilities . . .

Set Date, Time

Disk Copy

1. V
10' Start the Program

81


Adding Groups to the Main Group

You can organize your programs so that related programs are
together in a subgroup . To do this, add a group to the Main Group .
Then you can add programs right to the new subgroup, or you can
copy programs to the new subgroup from the Main Group or other
subgroups . (Refer to "Copying Programs from One Group to Another
Group" on page 87 .)

Follow these steps to add a group to the Main Group .

1 . Select Group from the Start Programs action bar ; then press
Enter . You see the following screen :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit F1=Help

Add . . . Main Group

Cha*ge . . . n item, use the up and down arrows .
*effete . . . ram or display a new group, press Enter .
Reorder . . .
Command
File System
Change Colors
DOS Utilities . . .

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

2 . Select Add. . . from the pull-down ; then press Enter .

The other Group pull-down items are Change . . ., Delete . . ., and
Reorder. . . . To use any of these options, the item in the Main
Group that you want to change, delete, or reorder must first be
selected .
The Change . . . item lets you modify the entries that were made
when the group was added . This includes the title, the filename,
any help text that was added, and the password . Online help is
available on all the items . The Delete . . . item lets you erase a
subgroup . The Reorder. . . item lets you place an item in a dif-
ferent location in the group contents area .

82


The following is displayed :

Required

Title . . . [_

Filename

Optional

Help text

Password . .

Esc=Cancel Fl=Help -Save

F2=

The first two entry fields are required entries ; the next two, for
help text and a password, are optional .

3 . At the cursor, type the group title you want to appear in the Main
Group contents area . A group title can have a maximum of 37
characters, including blank spaces .

For example, if you want this group to contain all your word proc-
essing programs, you might enter "Word Processing ."

4 . Press Enter or the tab key to move the cursor to the next entry
field .

5 . Type the filename for the group .

The filename can be any name you like and can have up to eight
characters . (Press F1 to see a list of the characters that cannot
be used in this entry field and to get additional information on this
entry .)

6 . If you do not want to add help text or a password, press F2 to

save your entries .

The group title you entered now appears in your Main Group .
When you are ready, you can select it and can add the programs
you want in the subgroup .

Note : The Shell adds an ellipsis ( . . .) after group titles to help dis-
tinguish between groups and programs .

7 . If you want to add help text, press Enter or the tab key to move
the cursor to the Help text entry field

83
 Enter here any help that you want to have available when
pressing the F1 key for help on this group . You can enter up to
478 characters in this field .
8 . If you do not want to add a password, press F2 to save your
entries .
The group title you entered now appears in your Main Group .
When selected, the help text you entered is available by pressing
the F1 key .
9 . If you want to add a password, press Enter or the tab key to move
the cursor to the Password entry field .
10 . Enter a password .
A password can be up to eight characters long . You might enter
a password if you want only certain people to access this group,
or if you want to be the only one who can access this group .
Entering a password is optional . If you associate a password
with a group item, you cannot access that item without first
entering the password . If you choose to use a password with a
group item, be sure to record it for later reference . If you enter a
password for more than one item, it may be helpful to use the
same password for each item . Each time an attempt is made to
access this group, a prompt appears and asks for the password .
Access is denied until you enter the password .
11 . Press F2 to save your entries .
The group title you entered now appears on the Main Group and
when selected, shows you a subgroup by that title . You can now
add programs to this subgroup using the method described in
"Adding Programs to the Main Group ."
If you want to copy programs from the Main Group to the group
you just added, use the method described in "Copying Programs
from One Group to Another Group" on page 87 .

Adding Programs to the Main Group

You can add the titles of programs you have on your system to the
Main Group or a subgroup of the Shell and start them from there .

Follow these steps to add a program to the Main Group :

1 . Select Program from the Start Programs action bar ; then press
Enter .

84
2 . Select Add . . . from the pull-down ; then press Enter.

The other Program pull-down items are Start, Change . . ., Delete . . .,

and Copy. . . . To use any of these options, the program in the Main
Group that you want to start, change, delete, or copy must first be
selected .

The Start item lets you run a program . It performs the same func-
tion as a double-click with the mouse or pressing the Enter key
on a selected program . The Delete . . . item lets you erase a
program . The Change. . . item lets you modify the entries that
were made when the program was added . This includes the title,
the startup commands, any help text that was added, and the
password . The Copy . . . item lets you copy a program from one
group to another . Online help is available on all the items .

You see the following :

Required

Title

Commands .

Optional

Help text .

Password

Esc=Cancel F1=Help F2-

-Save

The first two entry fields in this pop-up are required entries ; the
next two, for help text and a password, are optional .

3 . The cursor is at the Title . . . entry field . Type the title you want to
appear in the group to identify this program . A program title can
have a maximum of 40 characters, including blank spaces .

For example, if you have a program installed on your system

called My Editor that you want to be able to start from this group,
you can type "My Editor" for a title .
4 . Press Enter or the tab key to move to the next entry field .

5 . At the Commands . . . entry field, type the program startup com-

mands (PSCs) for this program .

85
 The documentation that comes with an application program tells
you how to install the program and the characters to use to start
the program after you have installed it . These characters make
up the simplest program startup command (PSC) . For example,
the documentation for a program called My Editor might tell you
to type ME to start the program . ME is then the program startup
command .
There are other program startup commands to further define the
way your program works . When entering more than one
command, press the F4 key to mark the end of each command .
For information on additional program startup commands offered
in the Shell, and for detailed instructions on entering PSCs, refer
to "Program Startup Commands" starting on page 89 .
6 . If you do not want to add help text or a password, press F2 to
save your entries .
The program title you entered now appears in your group con-
tents area and you can select it to start the program .
7 . If you want to add help text, press Enter or the tab key to move
the cursor to the Help text entry field .
Enter any help that you want to have available when pressing the
F1 key for help on this program . You can enter up to 478 charac-
ters in this field .
8 . If you do not want to add a password, press F2 to save your
entries .
The program title you entered now appears in your group con-
tents area . When it is selected, the help text you entered is avail-
able by pressing the F1 key .
9 . If you want to add a password, press Enter or the tab key to move
the cursor to the Password entry field .
10 . Enter a password .
A password can be up to eight characters long . You might enter
a password if you want only certain people to access this
program, or if you want to be the only one who can access the
program .

Entering a password is optional . If you associate a password

with a program, you cannot access that program without first
entering the password . If you choose to use a password with a
program, be sure to record it for later reference . If you enter a

86
 password for more than one item, it may be helpful to use the
same password for each item . Each time an attempt is made to
access this program, a prompt appears and asks for the pass-
word . Access is denied until you enter the password .
11 . Press F2 to save your entries .
The program title you entered now appears in the group and, when
selected, starts after the password is entered .

Adding Programs to a Subgroup

To add a program to a subgroup, you must be in that subgroup :
1 . In the content area of the Main Group, move the selection cursor
to the subgroup to which you want to add a program .
2 . Press Enter .
The subgroup you selected is displayed . (If there are no pro-
grams in a subgroup, a message appears saying "Group is
empty .")
3 . Follow the steps listed in "Adding Programs to the Main Group,
which start on page 84 .

Copying Programs from One Group to Another Group

If there are programs in one group that you want to have in another,
follow this method . (If you want to move a program, follow the copy
procedure listed here ; then continue with the delete procedure, which
follows .)
1 . If the program to be copied is in a subgroup, move the selection
cursor to the subgroup title within the Main Group ; then press
Enter .

2 . Move the selection cursor to the program you want to copy .

3 . Press the F10 key to move the selection cursor to Program at the
action bar ; then press Enter.
4 . In the Program pull-down, move the selection cursor to Copy . . . ;
then press Enter.
The selection cursor is at the program that you previously
selected .
5 . If you are in a subgroup, press Esc to reach the Main Group .

87


6 . Move the selection cursor to the subgroup to which you want to

copy the program ; then press Enter .
The subgroup you chose is displayed on the screen .
7 . Press the F2 key to complete the copy . (You can press the F3 key
to cancel the copy .)
8 . Press Esc to return to the Main Group . The selection cursor is at
the title of the subgroup you just left .
The program is now listed in the "destination" group, the group to
which it was copied, and in the "source" group, the group from which
it was copied . If you want to delete this program from the source
group, follow the procedure in "Deleting a Program from a Group ."

Deleting a Program from a Group

To delete a program from a group, follow these steps .
1 . If the program to be deleted is in a subgroup, move the selection
cursor to the subgroup title within the Main Group ; then press
Enter .
2 . Move the selection cursor to the program title that you want to
delete .
3 . Press F10 to move the selection cursor to Program at the action
bar ; then press Enter.
4 . Move the selection cursor to Delete . . . ; then press Enter .
The following panel is displayed :

Delete Item

1 . Delete this item

2 . Do not delete this item

*=Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Hel p

If you do not want to delete the program, select item 2 ; then press
Enter .
5 . To delete the program, press Enter .

88
Adding Predefined Subgroups to the Main Group
The Shell makes it possible for you to install subgroups that are sup-
plied by someone else . These subgroups are contained in a
filename .MEU file .

1 . Copy the filename .MEU file to the directory containing the DOS
Shell . (This is usually the DOS directory.)

2 . Select Group from the Start Programs action bar ; then press
Enter .

3 . Select Add. . . from the Group pull-down ; then press Enter .

4 . At the Title entry field, type the title that you want to appear in the
Main Group .

5 . Press the tab key to reach the Filename entry field .

6 . Type the name of the supplied file (filename .MEU), leaving off the
.MEU .

If you want to add help information or a password, follow the

directions listed on page 82 under "Adding Groups to the Main
Group."

7 . Press F2 to save the information .

The title you entered appears on the Main Group . When you select it
from there, the subgroup is displayed with the list of selectable pro-
grams .

Program Startup Commands

When you add a program to one of your Shell groups, you are asked
for program startup commands (PSCs) . The simplest program startup
commahd consists of the characters you enter to start the program .
These are identified in the documentation that came with the
program . When adding a program to the Shell, if you enter this
command in the Commands entry field, your program starts when it is
selected .

There are other, optional PSCs that you can use in the Commands
entry field to further define the way your program works .

89


Optional Program Startup Commands

The Shell offers additional options for your program startup com-
mands that you can use when you add a program to a group . For
example, you can request one or more prompts for information each
time the program is started .

Each prompt panel consists of a title, an instruction line, and an entry

field, and is displayed when you start the program . The default
prompt looks like this :

03-01-88 Start Programs 3 :30 pm

Program Group Exit I F1=Help

Main Group
To select an item, use the arrow keys to move
the selection cursor to the item, then press Enter .

Command Prompt
File System
Change Colors Program Parameters
DOS Utilities . . .
My Editor Type the parameters, then press Enter .

Parameters .

.-1 =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Hel p

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

By using program startup commands offered in the Shell, the title,

instruction line, and entry field prompt lines can have information that
is specific to your needs . (The information entered in response to the
prompt is passed as a parameter to the program you are starting .) In
addition, you can tailor the activities of the program in other ways .

Following is a list of PSC options that the Shell offers . The options
shown in brackets control the information in the prompt panel . These
must be entered between the brackets . Options shown between
brackets can be combined inside one set of brackets . The options
shown without brackets must be entered outside the brackets .
[] To perform the default prompt each time the program is
started .
[/T 66 " 99
To define a title for the prompt panel . The maximum
length for the title is 40 characters .

90


[/I" . ."] To define an instruction for the prompt panel . The

maximum length for the instruction is 40 characters .

[IP" . ."] To define a prompt for the entry field in the prompt panel .
The maximum length for the prompt is 20 characters .

[%n] To save what you have entered (the value) i n the Parame-
ters. . . area (entry field) for future use . The "n" can be
any number from 1 through 10 . When used, %n must be
the first character or characters inside the brackets .

%n To use the value entered at run time . For example, if the

value is a file that has been edited, print %1 causes the
identified file to print each time this program is started .
When used, this option must be entered outside the
brackets .

To have a default value appear in the entry field each time

a program's prompt is displayed . You can change this
default value at run time by typing over it and clearing any
remaining characters . This entry can be up to 40 charac-
ters long .

[ID"%n"] To have a default value appear in the entry field each time
a program's prompt is displayed . This default is a previ-
ously entered value saved with the [%n] option . You can
change this default value at run time by typing over it and
clearing any remaining characters . This entry can be up
to 40 characters long .

[/R] To clear the default value in the entry field when the first
key pressed is any key other than an edit key .

[/L"n"] To set the maximum length of the entry field to fewer than
127 characters . The maximum length is 127 characters . If
the length is not specified or is invalid, the maximum
length is used .

[/M 66 e"] To allow the use of only existing filenames . The existence
of the value entered will be verified before the PSC is exe-
cuted .

[/C"%n"] To save the % n value entered i n the preceding task as the

value for this parameter for the current task ; otherwise,
%n has no value .

91


[IF" . ."] To check for the existence of the file specified . This entry
can be up to 76 characters long and can be used more
than once . For example, /F"d :\path\filename ." This check
takes place after the Enter key has been pressed on the
prompt panel and is used to ensure that the proper
diskette is in the drive before the Shell is suspended to
execute the program startup commands . If the file exists,
the PSC continues . If the file does not exist, a beep
sounds and the panel is redisplayed . This parameter has
no effect on the format of the prompt and is not included i n
the program startup commands which are executed .
/## To substitute the drive letter (which designates the drive
from which the Shell was started) and a colon into the
PSC . These characters must be entered outside the
brackets .
I@ To substitute the path from the ROOT from which the Shell
was started, including the current directory, into the PSC .
The path is not preceded by a back slash . These charac-
ters must be entered outside the brackets .
Note : Any batch file command, with the exception of GOTO state-
ments, can be used as a program startup command . (When
using the FOR command, the "n" in %n must be alphabetic .)
Any characters in the PSC, other than the optional commands,
are passed to the DOS batch file processor exactly as written .
A direct substitution is made by the Shell for any PSC option
used outside of the brackets . The information entered in
response to the prompt is substituted for each set of brackets
and its enclosed options .
Press F4 at the end of each command when entering more than one
program startup command in the Commands entry field .

Batch Files
To start a batch file using a PSC, the batch file name must be pre-
ceded by CALL . If the batch filename is not preceded by CALL, the
program will not return properly on completion . For example, to start
a batch file named BATCH .BAT, you would enter the following PSC at
the Commands entry field .

Commands . .[CALL BATCH .BAT

92
If you want to use some of the options offered for program startup
commands, you must include the contents of the batch file in the PSC .
Use the bracketed options to prompt for any required parameters .

PAUSE and ECHO Commands

It is useful to insert a PAUSE command at the end of each PSC list so
that, before returning to the Shell from your program, you can view
any DOS messages that may appear .

If you add an ECHO command with a message statement to your PSC

list, that message appears on your screen . The ECHO message can
be whatever remark is correct for the program you are starting .

In the following example, the remark "Insert diskette with ME in drive

A" is used :

Commands . . . [ECHO Insert diskette with ME in >

drive AJIPAUSEI1ME

Note that the I ( is the symbol that appears when you press F4 to sepa-
rate commands . By entering the ECHO command with this remark,
the following is displayed when the My Editor program is selected :
insert diskette with ME in drive A
Press any key to continue . . .

At the ECHO command, you have the opportunity to insert the needed
diskette ; at the PAUSE command, the system pauses to display any
DOS messages, and the system again displays the message "Press
any key to continue . . ." before returning to the Shell . (Note that, in
this example, the PSC list is shown on two lines . This is done here to
show it in its entirety . On the screen, this is a scrollable field, and the
commands are entered in a continuous string .)

Using Additional Program Startup Commands

If you add a program (for example My Editor) to one of your groups,
you can enter the following in the Command entry field :
ME [/T"Edit File"/I"Enter file to be
edited by ME ."/P"Filename . . "/L"12"]11

93


Following is a definition of the program startup commands in this

example :

ME Is the PSC for the program .

/T"Edit File" Defines the title you have chosen for the
prompt .

/l"Enter file to be edited by ME ."

Is the instruction line.

/P"Filename . . " Defines the prompt for the value field .

IL"12" Says that 12 characters is the maximum

number of characters that can be entered
in the value field .

Is the symbol that appears when you sep-

arate commands by pressing the F4 key .

By entering these program startup commands for the My Editor

program, when you choose My Editor from the group, you see the fol-
lowing prompt :

Edit File

Enter file to be edited with ME .

Filename . . [_ ]

4 =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Hel p

1 . Type the name of the file you want to edit in the entry field . This
can be the filename of an existing file or a file you want to create .

For example, if you enter MYFILE .DOC at the prompt, the ME

editor is started using that filename as a parameter .

2 . Press Enter .

Any DOS command, except a GOTO command, can be entered as a

PSC . For example, to add a PRINT command to the command list
shown previously, the commands are entered as follows :

ME [%1/T"Edit File"/I"Enter file to be edited by ME ."

/P"Filename . . "/L"12"]IIPRINT %1

94


The %1 causes the parameter entered in response to the prompt

panel to be passed to the PRINT program also . The PSC list entered
in this way still gives you the prompt when the program is selected,
and it sends the document to print before returning to the Shell .

Exploring Details in the File System

In Chapter 3, the File System portion of the Shell was explored . Fol-
lowing is a more detailed description of the File System .

Note that the files shown on your screen may be different from those
used in these examples .

Action Bar

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\DOS

Directory Tree More : y * .* More : 4

C :\ ANSI SYS 9,152 03-01-88
> LDOS APPEND EXE 11,110 03-01-88
ASSIGN COM 5,805 03-01-88
ATTRIB EXE 18,251 03-01-88
BACKUP COM 33,698 03-01-88
BASIC COM 1,085 03-01-88
BASICA COM 36,285 03-01-88
CHKDSK COM 17,599 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 37,653 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The action bar in the File System has four activity items and
F1 =Help . The items offer the following activities :

• File lets you start a program ; print, move, copy, delete, or rename
a file; change a file's attributes ; view a file in ASCII (readable
text) or hexadecimal (base 16 numbering system used by pro-
grammers) ; or associate a file with a program . In addition you
can create, rename, and delete directories and subdirectories,
select all the files listed in the file list at one time, and deselect
all the files at one time .

The Rename. . . and Delete . . . options apply to both files and direc-
tories . If no files are selected, a directory operation is assumed .

95


The Open (start) . . . item lets you start the executable (startable)
file you previously selected in the file list . Other ways to start a
program in the File System are : (1) select the startable file in the
file list and press Enter, and (2) place the mouse pointer over the
startable file and double-click .

The Associate . . . item lets you associate a file extension with a

program on your system . When a file is associated with a
program, the Shell starts the program each time you select a file
with that extension . For example, the program My Editor (ME)
could be associated with the RUN extension . Then, if you want to
edit a file with a .RUN extension (for example, MEMO .RUN), the
ME program starts when you press Enter on the selected file or
double-click with the mouse on the filename .

An example of copying a file is given on page 101 . The other

options available when you choose File work similarly . Online
help is also available on any option you highlight .

• Options lets you sort files by name, extension, date, size, or disk
order ; enter the name of a specific file to list in the file list ;
display the file status of the last highlighted file ; change the Shell
so that you can select files across directories ; and make choices
whether or not to receive a confirmation panel for the copy and
delete activities .

• Arrange lets you choose from three display choices . The display
shown here is the Single file list choice . Other choices are Mul-
tiple file list, which displays the files in two directories or two
drives of your choosing at the same time, and System file list,
which displays all the files across the drive plus the file status
panel,

• Exit lets you exit File System to Start Programs or resume File
System .

96


Drive Identifier Area

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\DOS

Directory Tree More : t * .* More : l

C :\ ANSI SYS 9,152 03-01-88
> L-DOS APPEND EXE 11,110 03-01-88
ASSIGN COM 5,805 03-01-88
ATTRIB EXE 18,251 03-01-88
BACKUP COM 33,698 03-01-88
BASIC COM 1,085 03-01-88
BASICA COM 36,285 03-01-88
CHKDSK COM 17,599 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 37,653 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

This example shows three drives : A, B, and C . The current drive, C,

is highlighted .

To change the drive, tab to the Drive Identifier area and use the arrow
key to move the selection cursor to a different drive ; then press Enter.

97


Path Area

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\DOS

Directory Tree More : t * .* More : y

C :\ ANSI SYS 9,152 03-01-88
> L-DOS APPEND EXE 11,110 03-01-88
ASSIGN COM 5,805 03-01-88
ATTRIB EXE 18,251 03-01-88
BACKUP COM 33,698 03-01-88
BASIC COM 1,085 03-01-88
BASICA COM 36,285 03-01-88
CHKDSK COM 17,599 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 37,653 03-01-88

F10-=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The path area on the File System shows the path of your current, or
active, drive and directory . In the example above, the path (C :\DOS)
shows C as the current drive and DOS as the current directory . If you
have a multiple screen display, the path reflects the path of the drive
and directory that is active (the one in which you are working) .

98


Directory Tree

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C :\DOS

Directory Tree More : T * .* More : 4

C :\ ANSI SYS 9,152 03-01-88
> -DOS APPEND EXE 11,110 03-01-88
ASSIGN COM 5,805 03-01-88
ATTRIB EXE 18,251 03-01-88
BACKUP COM 33,698 03-01-88
BASIC COM 1,085 03-01-88
BASICA COM 36,285 03-01-88
CHKDSK COM 17,599 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 37,653 03-01-88

F10-
-Actions Shi ft+F9=Cormnand Prompt

This example shows the directory structure in drive C . It shows one

subdirectory named DOS . The symbol in front of the DOS directory
indicates DOS is the current directory .

99


File List

03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm

File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

A B C

C : \DOS

Directory Tree More : t * .* More : 4

C :\ ANSI SYS 9,152 03-01-88
> L-DOS APPEND EXE 11,110 03-01-88
ASSIGN COM 5,805 03-01-88
ATTRIB EXE 18,251 03-01-88
BACKUP COM 33,698 03-01-88
BASIC COM 1,085 03-01-88
BASICA COM 36,285 03-01-88
CHKDSK COM 17,599 03-01-88
COMMAND COM 37,653 03-01-88

F10=Actions Shift+F9=Command Prompt

The files in the current directory (in this case the DOS directory) are
shown in the file list area . All the files in the current directory are
shown when * .* is used in the filename field of the Display options . . .
pop-up . The Display options . . . pop-up is reached by selecting
Options at the action bar .

You can start a program in the file list by selecting the file and
pressing Enter . With a mouse, place the mouse pointer over the
name of the startable file and double-click to start the program .

Note: Starting programs that end but stay resident in memory (Termi-
nate and Stay Resident or TSR programs such as networks,
PC-to-host communications, and other programs that run in a
different session but remain in memory) from the Shell
command prompt results in an inefficient use of memory . A
TSR program can be used efficiently by starting it either from a
group in "Start Programs" or by starting the TSR program
before starting the Shell . (Refer to the documentation that
came with the program for the program startup command .)

1 00


Copying a File
This description of copying a file is provided as an example of the
many tasks you can do by selecting File at the File System action bar .
The other items in the File pull-down work similarly . When selecting
any item, you can press F1 for online help . (For more detailed
instructions for copying a file, refer to page 66 .)

1 . Select File System from the Main Group ; then press Enter .

2 . Deselect all previously selected files .

3 . Select the file (or files) you want to copy .

4 . Check the Show Information panel .

a . Press F10 to reach the action bar and select Options ; then
press Enter .

b . To see the file status, select Show information . . . from the

pull-down ; then press Enter . (The Show Information panel
shows how many files are selected across the drive . In this
way, you can make certain that the only files selected are
those you want to copy . A complete explanation of this panel
is on page 62 .)

c . Press Esc to exit the Show Information panel .

5 . Select File at the action bar ; then press Enter . You see the
following :
1
03-01-88 File System 3 :30 pm
File Options Arrange Exit F1=Help

Open (start) . . .
*rint . . .
Associate . . .

Move . . . More : y * .* More : y

Copy . . . > 012345 .678 109 03-01-88
Delete . . . IBMBIO COM 30,831 03-01-88
Rename . . . IBMDOS COM 37,012 03-01-88
Change attribute. . . COMMAND COM 39,812 03-01-88
View CONFIG SYS 160 03-01-88
AUTOEXEC .BAT 127 03-01-88
Create directory . . .
Select- all
Deselect all

F10=Actions Sh i f t+F9=Command Prom

1 01


Note that some of the items in the pull-down are followed by an

ellipsis ( . . .) . In the Shell, when you see an ellipsis, it means that
a pop-up follows when you select that item . An asterisk (*) within
an item means the item is not selectable . (In graphics mode, the
unselectable item is shaded or "blurred .")

6 . Select Copy . . . from the pull-down ; then press Enter .

You see the following on your screen :

Copy F le

From : [012345 .678

To : [C :\

41 =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

The From : field shows the files which will be copied, to a

maximum of 256 characters .

Type in the name of the destination directory, including the drive

and path . Also, if you want to change the name of the file, you
can do that here . For example :

C :\directl\filename .ext
(Enter the name of the destination directory in
place of "directl ."
The filename and extension are needed only
if you want to change the name of the file .)
Press Enter

You see the following on your screen :

Copy Fle

Copying file : 012345 .678 1 of 1

Filename already exists . Sele

Skip this file and continue

2 . Replace this file

*J =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

If a file by the same name as the one you selected exists in the
destination directory, you see this confirmation panel and can
choose to continue the copy activity or cancel it .

1 02
 To skip this file and not copy it, press Enter . If you want to write
over the file that exists in the destination directory, go to step 7 .

7 . Select option 2 ; then press Enter .

The file you selected is now in the destination directory (the directory
you copied the file to) and in its original directory .

Deleting a File
This description of deleting a file is provided as an example of the
many tasks you can do by selecting File at the File System action bar .
The other items in the File pull-down work similarly . When selecting
any item, you can press F1 for online help . (For more detailed
instructions for deleting a file, refer to page 69 .)

1 . Select File System from the Main Group ; then press Enter .

2 . Deselect all previously selected files .

When deleting a file, it is especially important that you deselect

any files you may previously have selected .

3 . Select the file (or files) that you want to delete .

4 . Check the Show Information panel, using the procedure you

learned previously .

When deleting a file, always check the file information to verify

how many files are selected . Because the Show Information
panel shows how many files are selected across the drive, you
can make sure that only the files you want to delete are selected .

5 . Select File at the action bar ; then press Enter .

6 . Select Delete. . . from the File pull-down ; then press Enter .

A panel is displayed showing the name of the file or files you

selected to delete .

1 03


7 . Press Enter . The Delete File confirmation panel is displayed :

Delete File

Deleting file : 012345 .678 1

Select an option
1 . Skip this file and continue
2 . Delete this file

*J =Enter Esc=Cancel F1=Help

The name of the first file you chose to delete is named (in this
example, 012345 .678) in this panel . The "1 of 1" means that only
one file is selected for deletion . If there were, for example, three
files selected, this would show "1 of 3 ." Option 1 is highlighted .
If you decide not to delete the file, press Enter to skip the file
delete . If you decide to delete the file, continue the delete
process .
8 . Move the selection cursor to option 2 ; then press Enter to delete
the file .

If you selected more than one file to delete, the confirmation

panel again is displayed and you can choose whether to delete
the next file . If the file named is a file you want to delete, con-
tinue the delete process as shown in the previous step .
The file is deleted and no longer is listed in the file list .

Eliminating Confirmation Panels

Each time you delete, copy, or move a file in the Shell, a confirmation
panel is displayed so that you can verify the activity . By selecting
Options at the action bar, you can deactivate this panel . When you
restart the Shell, these panels are again activated .

Eliminating Delete Confirmation Panel

1 . Select File System from the Main Group ; then press Enter .
2 . Move the selection cursor to Options at the File System action
bar; then press Enter .
The Options pull-down lists three items, and the selection cursor
is on Display options . . . . This option is discussed in the tour in
Chapter 3 .

1 04


3 . Move the selection cursor to File options . . . ; then press Enter.

The following pop-up is displayed :

> Confirm on delete

> Confirm on replace
Select across directories

=Enter Esc=Cancel 1=Help

Note that the selection symbol is displayed in front of Confirm on

delete and Confirm on replace .
4. Press the spacebar to remove the selection symbol on Confirm
on delete.

5 . Press Enter . This saves your entries and returns the selection
cursor to the action bar .

Warning : With the selection symbol removed, this item is deselected

and the confirmation panel for the delete function is no longer dis-
played .

Eliminating Move and Copy Confirmation Panels

1 . Move the selection cursor to Options at the File System action
bar ; then press Enter .
2. Select File options. . . from the pull-down ; then press Enter.
3 . Move the selection cursor to Confirm on replace .
4. Press the spacebar to remove the selection symbol on Confirm
on replace .
5. Press Enter . This saves your entries and returns the selection
cursor to the action bar .

Warning: With the selection symbol removed, this item is deselected

and the confirmation panels for replacing files using the move and
copy functions are no longer displayed .

1 05
Selecting Files Across Directories
In the Shell, when you select a file, then change directories, the
selected file is deselected . By following these steps, you will be able
to select files in more than one directory at the same time . When you
restart the Shell, this option is deactivated . (Selection across directo-
ries is always allowed if the System file list is displayed .)
1 . Select File System from the Main Group ; then press Enter .
2 . Move the selection cursor to Options at the File System action
bar ; then press Enter .
3 . Select File options . . . from the pull-down ; then press Enter.
4 . Move the selection cursor to Select across directories .

Note that there is no selection symbol displayed in front of Select

across directories . Because this item is not selected, you cannot
select files in more than one directory at a time .
5. Press the spacebar to be able to select files across directories .
6 . Press Enter . This saves your entries and returns the selection
cursor to the action bar .

1 06


Shell Special Key Assignments

Some keys perform special tasks in the DOS Shell . Figure 4 lists
these assignments . (When a panel is displayed over the File System
or Start Programs, not all these key assignments are active .)

Task Key

Cancel Esc
Enter .4~

Move the cursor T or j. or -* or *--

Switch panel area i n File System Tab

Single file select and deselect Spacebar

Scroll information PgUp or PgDn

Help F1

In Start Programs, save information and com- F2

plete copy
Exit the Shell from Start Programs F3
Exit the Shell from File System if there is no F3
Start Programs

Return to Start Programs from File System F3

Cancel .copy in Start Programs F3

Create separator mark in PSC list F4

View files in ASCII or Hex F9

Keys when in Help F9
Switch to and from action bar F10

Index when i n Help F11 (Alt+Fl)

Switch to Shell command prompt Shift+F9

Figure 4 . Shell Key Assignments

1 07
108


Chapter 5. Additional Installation

Information

This chapter provides information on special installation and config-

uration procedures for DOS 4 .00 and the DOS Shell .

Installing Keyboard Password

If you have a Personal System/2 with a partition greater than 32MB
and you want to install a keyboard password using the Quick Refer-
ence and Reference Diskette package that came with your system,
use the following procedure :

1. Start your system .

2. Insert the Reference Diskette in drive A .
3. Press the F3 key at the Shell screen to reach the DOS prompt .
4. Type A : at the DOS prompt ; then press Enter . This changes the
default drive from drive C to drive A . For example :

C :\DOS :> (original DOS prompt)

C :\DOS :>A : (new drive designation)
Press Enter .
A :\> (new prompt)

5 . At the new prompt, type COMMAND ; then press Enter .

The first screen of the Reference Diskette is shown on your monitor .

To install a keyboard password, follow the instructions in your Quick
Reference manual .

The prompt for a keyboard password on a PS/2 normally occurs after

the system reads the AUTOEXEC .BAT file . It is necessary to prompt
for the keyboard password, however, before the system starts the
Shell . To get the prompt for the keyboard password before the Shell
starts, insert a PAUSE statement i n the AUTOEXEC . BAT file just pre-
ceding the DOSSHELL entry . (DOSSHELL is the last entry .) You are
then prompted for your keyboard password before the Shell starts .

1 09
Installing Additional Devices
If you acquire additional devices (printers, a mouse, and so on) that
you want to install after you have installed DOS 4 .00 using SELECT,
refer to the DEVICE command in Using DOS 4 .00.

Customizing the DOS Shell with Startup Options

During the SELECT program, you see a screen in which you can
review or change installation choices . One of these review screens,
titled DOS Shell Parameters, shows you the startup options that
SELECT installs with the DOS Shell . At this screen, you can choose
the startup options (parameters) to configure the Shell .

Figure 5 shows a list of the startup options that SELECT installs if

your system has at least 360KB of memory . You can change or elimi-
nate any of these options . (These are the options listed in the DOS
Shell Parameters screen .)
Note : On some systems, although color is available, the Shell is
installed with startup option /C02 (without color) by default to
achieve better resolution . You can change to color by adding
one of the following startup options : /TEXT, /C01, or /C03.
Refer to the section "Additional Startup Options" for an expla-
nation of these startup options and instructions for adding
them .

Startup Option Meaning

/MOS :PCIBMDRV .MOS Identifies the mouse driver . This option
identifies the IBM PS/2 mouse driver .
/MENU Activates Start Programs in the Shell .
/DOS Activates File System in the Shell .
/PROMPT Allows access to the Shell command
prompt .

Figure 5 (Part 1 of 2) . Installed Startup Options in the DOS Shell

110
 Startup Option Meaning
/EXIT Activates the Exit Shell option .
/MAINT Activates the ability to do maintenance
in Start Programs .
/COLOR Activates the Change Colors option .
/TRAN Allows operation of the DOS Shell in
transient mode (except the base driver) .
/MEU :SHELL .MEU Identifies the filename of the Main
Group structure for Start Programs .
This option allows network environ-
ments to concurrently identify unique
menu structures for each node while
locating a single copy of the DOS Shell
on the server.
/CLR :SHELL.CLR Identifies the filename of the color setup
to use . SHELL.CLR is the default.
/MUL Provides multiple File System directory
and file buffers .
/SND Activates sound while running the Shell .
/SWAP Activates saving (swapping) File System
directory and file information to a disk
file while performing tasks at the Shell
command prompt or activating a
program . (If the computer is turned off
without exiting the Shell, or if there is a
power failure, a temporary file is left on
the disk . These files need to be deleted
on occasion so as not to clutter up the
fixed disk.) The /SWAP option increases
Shell performance and is most effective
on a fixed disk system .
/DATE Displays the date and time .

Figure 5 (Part 2 of 2) . Installed Startup Options in the DOS Shell

By selecting startup options, you can tailor the DOS Shell to fit your
needs and the size of your system . Listed here are three suggested

111


configurations of startup options . (For all these configurations, a

maximum DOS 4 .00 configuration size of 60KB without the Shell is
assumed.)

Suggested Startup Options with at Least 256KB of

Memory

For Start Programs

/PROMPT Activates the Shell command prompt .

/MENU Activates Start Programs in the Shell .
/MAINT Activates the Program and Group options .
/TRAN Operates Shell in transient mode .
/MOS :PCIBMDRV .MOS Identifies the mouse driver.
/COLOR Activates the Change Colors option .
/EXIT Activates the Exit Shell option .
Display mode See "Text or Graphics Mode ."

For File System

/PROMPT Activates the Shell command prompt .

/SWAP Activates saving directory and file informa-
tion (assumes fixed disk) .
/TRAN Operates Shell in transient mode .
/MOS :PCIBMDRV .MOS Identifies the mouse driver.
/EXIT Activates the Exit Shell option .
/DOS Activates File System .
Display mode See "Text or Graphics Mode ."

Suggested Shell Startup Options with at Least 360KB of

Memory

If you have a system with at least 360KB of memory, the Shell can be
installed using all the startup options listed in the DOS Shell Parame-
ters screen .

112
Text or Graphics Mode
The DOS Shell can be displayed in either text or graphics mode . The
startup options are /TEXT, /C01, /C02, and /C03 . If none of these
options is specified, SELECT uses the highest available video mode
that your system can support .

Note : Some Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs (such as

networks, PC-to-host communications, 3270 emulators, and
other programs that run in a different session but remain in
memory) can be accessed successfully from the Shell only
when the Shell is operating in text mode . For instructions on
how to add the text mode parameter (/TEXT), refer to the
section "Changing Startup Options," which follows .

If you want to operate the Shell in graphics mode, you can

switch to a TSR program that operates in text mode by
pressing Shift+F9 within the Shell . This brings you to the Shell
command prompt . At the Shell command prompt, which oper-
ates in text mode, you can press the key combination that is
defined by the application and continue using the TSR
program .

Resident or Transient Mode

Installing the DOS Shell in resident mode means that, each time you
start the Shell, it resides in temporary memory on your system (as
opposed to the permanent memory of the Shell diskette or your fixed
disk) . If you install DOS 4 .00 to diskette, choosing resident mode for
the Shell makes it possible to start the DOS Shell and remove the
Shell diskette from your computer . The Shell remains resident in
temporary memory for you to use . You can then insert a different
diskette and still use the Shell .

Installing the DOS Shell in transient mode means that when you start
up the Shell, it does not remain in temporary memory on your
system . If you install DOS 4 .00 to fixed disk, choosing transient mode
for the Shell allows you to use the Shell (because it can be accessed
from your fixed disk) and frees temporary memory for other use .

SELECT installs the DOS Shell in transient mode . If you want to run
the Shell in resident mode, remove the transient mode startup
command (/TRAN) from the DOSSHELL .BAT file .

113
Additional Startup Options
There are additional startup options available for the DOS Shell that
can be added either during or after installation . You can change,
add, or delete the startup options in the Shell at any time . Figure 6
shows these additional options :

Startup Option Meaning

/LF Sets the mouse for left-hand use .

/TEXT Displays the Shell in text mode .

/C01 Displays the Shell in 16-color, high-

resolution 640 x 350 graphics (mode 10) .
(This option is possible only if the
appropriate hardware is available .)

/C02 Displays the Shell in two-color,

high-resolution 640 x 480 graphics
(model 1) . (This option is possible only
if the appropriate hardware is avail-
able .)

/C03 Displays the Shell in 16-color, high-

resolution 640 x 480 graphics (mode 12) .
(This option is possible only if the
appropriate hardware is available .)

/MOS :PCMSDRV .MOS Activates the Microsoft serial mouse

driver, part number 039-099 .

/MOS :PCMSPDRV .MOS Activates the Microsoft parallel mouse

driver, part number 037-099 .

/B :nKB Specifies the amount of memory in KB

to be used for the File System file
buffer . For example, an entry of /B :3KB
specifies a 3KB buffer. With this option,
you can restrict the Shell's use of
memory . This is particularly significant
when operating the Shell in resident
mode .

Figure 6 (Part 1 of 2) . Additional Startup Options Available in the DOS

Shell

114


Startup Option Meaning

/COM2 Allows serial mouse to be used on the

second serial port (installation default is
COM1) .

Figure 6 (Part 2 of 2) . Additional Startup Options Available in the DOS

Shell

Mouse Driver Alternatives

The Shell comes with the three mouse drivers described in Figures 5
and 6 . A different mouse can be used with these drivers for the Shell
if its interface specifications match those of one of the three mice
supported . If you use a mouse outside the Shell, a device driver must
be provided for that mouse and identified with a DEVICE= statement
in the CONFIG .SYS file .

The Shell also supports any mouse if its interface specifications

match Microsoft's specifications . (To use this method requires 5KB
to 12KB, whereas the three drivers described in the tables require
1KB .)

1 . Install the mouse driver that came with the mouse . Use the
instructions that you received with the mouse .

2 . Remove all /MOS startup options from the DOSSHELL .BAT file .

3 . Start DOS 4 .00 .

Some Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs do not recognize

mouse support . If you use a mouse with the Shell and access a TSR
program, you may see a shadow of the mouse pointer in the TSR
program . This does not affect the way your TSR program works and
can be ignored .

Changing Startup Options

To view the DOS Shell startup options presently on your system, from
either Start Programs or the File System, do the following :

1 . Press F3 to reach the command prompt .

2 . At the prompt, type :

TYPE DOSSHELL .BAT

115
 3 . Press Enter. Your DOSSHELL .BAT file will look similar to this
example :

@C :
@CD C :\DOS
@PRINT
@PROMPT When ready to return to the DOS Shell, type EXIT, then
press enter .$_$p$g
@SHELLB DOSSHELL
@IF ERRORLEVEL 255 GOTO END
:COMMON
@SHELLC /MOS :PCIBMDRV .MOS/MENU/DOS/PROMPT/EXIT/MAINT/COLOR
/TRAN/MEU :SHELL .MEU/CLR :SHELL .CLR/MUL/SND/SWAP/DATE
:END
@BREAK=ON
@PROMPT $P$G

The entries after "SHELLC" indicate the installed startup options .

You can delete any of them or add to the list . You do this by using a
text editor such as EDLIN, the text editor that comes with DOS 4 .00 .
Instructions on using EDLIN are in Appendix A of Using DOS 4.00 .

For example, if you want to set your computer for use with a left-hand
mouse, you can add /LF to the list of options . You can add /LF any-
where in the string ; it is shown here added at the beginning :

@SHELLC /LF/MOS :PCIBMDRV .MOS/MENU/DOS/PROMPT/EXIT/MAINT/COLOR

/TRAN/MEU :SHELL .MEU/CLR :SHELL .CLR/MUL/SND/SWAP/DATE

When you complete any changes or additions that you want to make,
save the file and restart the Shell by typing DOSSHELL at the
command prompt and pressing Enter .

Note : If conflicting options are present, an invalid option is entered,

or an option is misspelled, an error message is displayed .

116
Using the DOS Shell in a Network
There are two ways you can use the DOS Shell in a network . You can
install it to use a single set of files which are shared by all the nodes,
or you can install it to use a different set of unique files for each node .

For the instructions and examples that follow, it is assumed that the
Shell is being installed on a server machine and that it will be shared
by a number of nodes .

Warning : The contents of some of the Shell files (those with MEU,
.CLR, and ASC extensions) can be changed during a Shell session,
thereby interfering with work being done by someone on another
node . The two install procedures that follow eliminate this exposure .

Sharing One Set of Files

To use a single set of DOS Shell files to be shared by all nodes, do
the following :

1 . Install DOS 4 .00 on the server .

2 . If you want to make changes to the Shell (such as adding pro-

grams, changing colors, or adding an associate file), start the
Shell and make the desired changes .

3 . Change the attributes of SHELL.MEU, SHELL .CLR, and any other

.MEU, CLR, and ASC files to read-only . (The .ASC files are
created only after the associate function has been carried out .)

4 . For each node, provide a Shell batch file that does not contain the
/MAINT and /COLOR startup options .

These batch files must also reside on the Shell server .

When creating a new Shell batch file, the name of the batch file must
appear on the same line with SHELLB .CO M . In the following exam-
ples, this is shown as SHELLB SHELLNI, SHELLB SHELLN2, SHELLB
N1, and SHE LLB N2 .

Explanations of the Shell startup options (/TRAN, /TEXT, /MAINT and

so on) begin on page 110 of this chapter .

1 17
If the Shell is installed on the server machine in the SHELL directory
and the nodes are using it by accessing drive E, a batch file for node
N1 might look like this :
SHELLN1 .BAT
E:
CD \SHELL
SHELLB SHELLN1
IF ERRORLEVEL 255 GOTO END
:COMMON
SHELLC /TRAN/TEXT/DOS/MENU/EXIT/MEU :SHELL .MEU
:END

A batch file for node N2 might look like this:

SHELLN2 .BA1
E:
CD \SHELL
SHELLB SHELLN2
IF ERRORLEVEL 255 GOTO END
:COMMON
SHELLC /TEXT/DOS/MUL/PROMPT/EXIT/MEU :SHELL .MEU
:END

Using a Unique Set of Files for Each Node

To use a separate set of files for each node, do the following :

1 . Install DOS 4 .00 on the server .

2 . For each node, make copies on the server of all the MEU, CLR,
and ASC files, assigning names to them that are unique to each
node .

For example, the files for node N1 could be named N1 .MEU,

N1 .CLR, and N1 .ASC . The files for node N2 could be named
N2 .MEU, N2 .CLR, and N2 .ASC, and so on .

3. For each node, provide a Shell batch file that contains the CLR,
.MEU, and ASC filenames that you have assigned to it .

11 8
For example, if DOS 4 .00 is installed on the server machine in the
SHELL directory and the nodes are using it by accessing drive E, a
batch file for node N1 might look like this :

N1 . BAT
E:
CD \SHELL
SHELLB N1
IF ERRORLEVEL 255 GOTO END
:COMMON
SHELLC /MAINT/COLOR/TRAN/DOS/EXIT/SWAP/MEU :NI .MEU
END

A batch file for node N2 might look like this :

N2 . BAT
E:
CD \SHELL
SHELLB N2
IF ERRORLEVEL 255 GOTO END
:COMMON
SHELLC /MAINT/COLOR/DOS/MUL/PROMPT/EXIT/MEU :N2 .MEU
:END

Receiving Messages
If the Shell is installed on your system in text mode, any messages
that you receive are displayed directly on your screen . You can
refresh the screen by reselecting the displayed option . To avoid this
inconvenience, save your messages in a file or direct them to a
printer .

If the Shell is installed in graphics mode, messages are not dis-

played . You must therefore log your messages .

Refer to your network manual for instructions on saving your mes-

sages in a log .

1 19
120
Chapter 6 . Partitioning Your Fixed Disk

During installation, if you are installing to a system that does not have
a partitioned fixed disk, you can either let SELECT partition your fixed
disk for you or make the partitioning decisions yourself . If you
choose to make your own decisions about partitioning your fixed disk,
you see a screen titled FDISK Options . How to make these decisions
is explained in this chapter .

About Your Fixed Disk

The fixed disk can be logically divided into as many as four partitions .
One reason to divide your fixed disk is to be able to share it among
operating systems . A partition defines the area of the fixed disk that
belongs to a particular operating system . In this way, you can have
more than one operating system on a fixed disk at the same time,
each residing in its own partition . However, only one operating
system can be used at a time . To create partitions for an operating
system other than DOS 4 .00, refer to the installation procedure for
that operating system .

DOS has two partition types . The first partition, and the only one that
is required to use DOS on a fixed disk, is called a primary DOS parti-
tion . This partition must exist to start DOS from the fixed disk . It can
be any size up to the size of your entire fixed disk (100%) .

The other type of partition used by DOS is called an extended DOS

partition . This partition also can be any size within your fixed disk
space limitations, and it can be subdivided into multiple areas called
logical drives . A logical drive can be any size you choose within the
size limitations of the extended partition . When you start DOS, each
logical drive is assigned a drive letter that you can use to access that
drive, just as if it were a separate fixed disk . For example, if you
have one fixed disk and you create a primary DOS partition, an
extended DOS partition, and one logical drive in the extended DOS
partition, DOS assigns the drive letter C to the area of the disk
defined as the primary DOS partition and D to the area defined as the
logical drive . You can create logical drives up through drive letter Z .

1 21
FDISK allows you to create both a primary DOS partition and an
extended DOS partition on each fixed disk . It also allows you to
divide the extended DOS partition into logical drives .

Adding a Fixed Disk

When you add a second fixed disk to your system, FDISK assigns the
drive letter D to the primary partition of the second fixed disk . If your
first fixed disk has an extended partition containing logical drives, the
logical drive letters change .

FDISK assigns drive letters sequentially to the primary partition of

each fixed disk before assigning drive letters to the logical drives . It
also assigns drive letters to all the logical drives on the first fixed
disk before assigning drive letters to the logical drives on the second
fixed disk .

This results in your logical drive letters being reassigned if you run
FDISK on a second fixed disk after logical drive letters have been
assigned on your first fixed disk .

1 22
Using FDISK
FDISK displays menus that guide you through the tasks . This is the
menu you see if you choose to make your own decisions in parti-
tioning your fixed disk :

IBM DOS Version 4 .00

Fixed Disk Setup Program
(C)Copyright IBM Corp . 1983, 1988

FDISK Options

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Choose one of the following :

1. Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive

2. Set active partition
3. Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive
4. Display partition information
5. Select next fixed disk drive

Enter choice : [1]

Press Esc to exit FDISK

Item 5 appears only if you have more than one fixed disk .

Select your option from this menu . After making a selection, you see
additional menus .

Some menus display a default value in the Enter choice area . (On
this menu, it's a 1 .) If you want the default value as your choice,
press Enter . If you want a value other than the default, type the value
you want ; then press Enter .

Warning : A warning message appears if at least one defined partition

exists, but the partition is not marked active . This warning indicates
that the disk will not start up (boot) . If you get this warning and you
want to start from your fixed disk, select option 2 . Set active partition .

1 23
Creating a DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive
(Option 1)
If you choose option 1 . Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive
from the FDISK Options menu, you see the following :

Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Choose one of the following :

1 . Create Primary DOS Partition

2 . Create Extended DOS Partition
3 . Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition

Enter choice : [1]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

If you want to create a primary DOS partition, press Enter .

1 24


Creating a Primary DOS Partition

If you choose option 1 on the Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS
Drive menu, the following is displayed :

Create Primary DOS Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Do you wish to use the maximum available size for a Primary DOS Partition
and make the partition active (Y/N) ? [Y]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Do one of the following :

• Press Enter (Y is the default) if you want to use the largest avail-
able space for your primary DOS partition and you want DOS to
start from the fixed disk . Your DOS partition is made active . If
you have more than one fixed disk, the FDISK Options menu is
displayed again .

1 25
 If you are done partitioning your fixed disk, you see the following :

You must restart your computer to continue .

Press Ctrl+Alt+Del to continue with DOS installation .

This message is displayed any time you finish using FDISK while
installing using SELECT .

Follow the instructions on the screen by pressing Ctrl +Alt+ Del

to restart your system . Screens follow to inform you that the fixed
disk is formatting and when you must insert the required diskette .

• Type N (no) if you want to use part of the fixed disk for an
extended DOS partition or another operating system . (Refer to
"Using Part of a Fixed Disk for DOS .")

1 26
Using Part of a Fixed Disk for DOS
If you want to use only part of the fixed disk for DOS, type N (no) ; then
press Enter . The following screen is an example of what you see :

Create Primary DOS Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Total disk space is 120 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Maximum space available for partition is 120 Mbytes (1000)

Enter partition size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) to

create a Primary DOS Partition [ 120]

No partitions defined

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

"Total disk space" indicates how many megabytes (MB) are on your
entire fixed disk . The "Maximum space available for partition" value
is the maximum amount of contiguous space that is available on your
fixed disk . (There may be space in several locations on your fixed
disk . Contiguous space is space in an unbroken sequence .)

1 27
If you want your DOS partition to be as large as possible, press Enter .
The default value is the maximum space available . If you want to
enter a different size, type the value you want in either megabytes or
percent; then press Enter . To enter in percent, use the numerals plus
the percent symbol (for example, 25%) . To enter in megabytes, use
only the numerals (for example, 30) .

Note : To allow you to enter partition and logical drive sizes in per-
centages that reflect less than 1 MB, it is necessary for FDISK
to round upward the space assigned in megabytes . This can
result in the megabyte and/or percentage numbers on your
screen not reflecting the absolute values on your fixed disk . If
several logical drives are created in this way, the resulting
totals may be incorrect, leaving you with a "OMB" partition
size, or a partition size of less than 1 % .

The DOS partition is now created, but before you can start your
system from it, you must set it as active . To do this :

1 . Press Esc to return to the FDISK Options menu .

2 . Choose option 2 . Set Active Partition .

3 . Set the partition as active . Refer to "Setting the Active Partition

(Option 2)" on page 131 .

4 . Press Esc at the Set Active Partition menu to return to the FDISK
Options menu .

1 28


Creating an Extended DOS Partition

If you choose option 2 . Create Extended DOS Partition from the
Create DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive menu, you see a screen
like this :

Create Extended DOS Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Partition Status Type Size in Mbytes Percentage of Disk Used

C: 1 A PRI DOS 30 25%

Total disk space is 120 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Maximum space available for partition is 90 Mbytes (75%)

Enter partition size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) to

create an Extended DOS Partition [ 90]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Partition Is the drive letter and number assigned

to a DOS partition .

Status Is the status of the partition-A for active .

Type Is the kind of partition-PRI DOS (primary

DOS) or EXT DOS (extended DOS) .

Size in Mbytes Is the size of the partition in megabytes .

Percentage of Disk Used Is the size of the partition in percentage

of total disk capacity .

If you want your extended DOS partition to be as large as possible,

press Enter . The default value is shown in megabytes and is the
maximum amount of contiguous space available on your fixed disk . If
you want to enter a different size, type the value you want in either
megabytes or percent ; then press Enter .

If you create an extended DOS partition, you see a screen for creating
logical drives .

1 29
Creating Logical DOS Drives in the Extended DOS
Partition
If you create an extended DOS partition, you see a screen like this :

Create Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition

No logical drives defined

Total Extended DOS Partition size is 90 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Maximum space available for logical drive is 90 Mbytes (100%)

Enter logical drive size in Mbytes or percent of disk space (%) . . .[ 90]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

To create a logical drive using the maximum space available, press

Enter . The default value is the maximum space available in mega-
bytes .

To create a logical drive in a different size, enter the size you want in
megabytes or percent ; then press Enter .

1 30


Setting the Active Partition (option 2)

If you choose option 2 . Set active partition from the FDISK Options
menu, a screen similar to this one appears . This example shows the
partition status of a fixed disk that has two partitions :

Set Active Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Partition Status Type Size in Mbytes Percentage of Disk Used

C: 1 PRI DOS 30 25%
2 EXT DOS 90 75%

Total disk space is 120 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Enter the number of the partition you want to make active : [1]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Your fixed disk can have four partitions, but only one partition can be
active (startable) at a time . To start drive C, you need an active parti-
tion on the first fixed disk . (Although you may have an additional
fixed disk attached to your system, the partition you set as active
must be on the first fixed disk .) The active partition has control of
your system when started from the fixed disk .

To set an active partition :

1 . Type the number of the partition that you want to be active .

If you want your DOS partition to be active, type the number for
the primary DOS partition . (An extended DOS partition cannot be
set as active .)

2 . Press Enter .

The partition you select becomes the active partition .

1 31
Deleting a DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive
(Option 3)
You can delete the fixed disk partition you use for DOS . When you
do, remember that any data in that partition is also deleted and
cannot be recovered . The boundaries for that partition are also
removed .

Note : If you delete the primary DOS partition, but want to continue
using DOS on your fixed disk, make sure that you create a new
primary DOS partition before exiting FDISK .

If you choose option 3 . Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive on

the FDISK Options menu, you see the following :

Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Choose one of the following :

1. Delete Primary DOS Partition

2. Delete Extended DOS Partition
3. Delete Logical DOS Drive(s) in the Extended DOS Partition

Enter choice : [_]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Select the option you want by typing in the number ; then press Enter .

1 32


Deleting the Primary DOS partition

If you choose option 1 . Delete Primary DOS Partition from the Delete
DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive menu, you see this screen :

Delete Primary DOS Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Partition Status Type Size in Mbytes Percentage of Disk Used

C: 1 A PRI DOS 30 25%

Total disk space is 30 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Warning! Data in the deleted Primary DOS Partition will be lost .

Do you wish to continue ? [N]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

If, after reading the warning, you decide not to delete the DOS parti-
tion, press Enter or Esc to return to the FDISK Options menu . If you
want to delete the DOS partition, type Y (yes) ; then press Enter .

If you have an extended DOS partition, a displayed message informs

you that you cannot delete the primary DOS partition while an
extended partition exists . If you get this message, press Esc to return
to the FDISK Options menu and follow the steps to delete the
extended DOS partition, after which you can delete the primary DOS
partition .

1 33


Deleting the Extended DOS Partition

If you choose option 2. Delete Extended DOS Partition from the Delete
DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive menu, you see a screen like this :

Delete Extended DOS Partition

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Partition Status Type Size in Mbytes Percentage of Disk Used

C: 1 A PRI DOS 30 25%
2 EXT DOS 90 75%

Total disk space is 120 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Warning! Data in the deleted Extended DOS Partition will be lost . Do you
wish to continue ? [N]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

If, after reading the warning, you decide not to delete the extended
DOS partition, press Enter or Esc to return to the FDISK Options
menu .

If you want to delete the extended DOS partition, type Y (yes) ; then
press Enter .

If you have logical drives in the extended DOS partition, a displayed

message informs you that you cannot delete the extended DOS parti-
tion while logical drives exist . If you get this message, press Esc to
return to the FDISK Options menu . Follow the steps to delete the
logical drives in the extended DOS partition, after which you can
delete the extended DOS partition .

1 34


Deleting the Logical DOS Drives in the Extended DOS

Partition
If you choose option 3 . Delete Logical DOS Drives in the Extended
DOS Partition from the Delete DOS Partition or Logical DOS Drive
menu, this screen aDDears :

Delete Logical DOS Drives in the Extended DOS Partition

Drv Volume Label Mbytes System Usage

D : SMITHFA 10 FAT12 11%
E : SPREADSHEET 14 FAT12 16%
F : COMMUNICATE 30 FAT16 33%
G : MORIEN 30 FAT16 33%
H : WORDPROCESS 6 FAT12 7%

Total Extended DOS Partition size is 90 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Warning! Data in a deleted Logical DOS Drive will be lost .

What drive do you want to delete? [ ]

Enter drive's volume label [ ]

Are you sure (Y/N) ? [N]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

Drv Indicates the drive letter that is assigned when the

system is restarted following exit from FDISK .
Volume Label Is the label given to the drive when it was formatted .
Mbytes Is the size of the drive in megabytes .
System Is the file system used to format the drive . FAT12
(file allocation table 12) is used for drives 16MB or
smaller ; FAT16 is used for drives over 16MB .
"Unknown" is displayed if the partition has not been
formatted .

Usage Is the percentage of the extended partition used by

this drive.

1 35
The prompts appear in this order :

What drive do you want to delete?

This is the first prompt that appears . Type in the letter of the drive
you want to delete ; then press Enter.

Enter drive's volume label

This prompt appears after you have entered the drive letter in the
previous prompt . Type in the volume label of the drive you want to
delete ; then press Enter .

Are you sure (Y/N) . . . . ?

This prompt then appears with the warning . The default value is N
(no) . If you want to delete the drive you have identified, type Y (yes)
over the N (no) ; then press Enter .

Ii other logical drives exist, this screen appears again to enable you
to delete them . When a drive is deleted, its status printout is
replaced by "x : drive deleted ."

If FDISK assigns new drive letters to the remaining logical drives, the
new drive letters are displayed when Esc is pressed . The drive
letters that appear are the drive letters that are assigned the next
time you start your computer .

1 36


Displaying Partition Information (Option 4)

If you chose option 4. Display partition information from the FDISK
Options menu, you see a screen like this :

Display Partition Information

Current fixed disk drive : 1

Partition Status Type Size in Mbytes Percentage of Disk Used

C: 1 A PRI DOS 30 25%
2 EXT DOS 90 75%

Total disk space is 120 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

The Extended DOS Partition contains Logical DOS Drives .

Do you want to display the logical drive information (Y/N) . . .? [Y]

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

This screen shows how a fixed disk is partitioned

If you do not want to display the logical drive information, type N (no) ;
then press Enter. FDISK returns to the FDISK Options menu .

1 37
If you want to display the logical drive information, press Enter . The
following is displayed :

Display Logical DOS Drive Information

Drv Volume Label Mbytes System Usage

D: SMITHFA 10 FAT12 11%
E: SPREADSHEET 14 FAT12 16%
F: *Remote* 30 FAT16 33%
G: MORIEN 30 FAT16 33%
H: WORDPROCESS 6 FAT12 7%

Total Extended DOS Partition size is 90 Mbytes (1 Mbyte = 1048576 bytes)

Press Esc to return to FDISK Options

*Remote* Indicator
If you see the "*Remote*" indicator over a volume label, it means that
you have reused that drive letter to connect to a network drive .

If you want to disconnect this network drive from your system,

perform the following steps :

1 . Exit FDISK .
2 . Disconnect the network drive from your system . Refer to your
network documentation for the correct procedure .
3 . Restart FDISK .

Selecting the Next Fixed Disk Drive (Option 5)

If you have another fixed disk to prepare, choose option 5. Select
Next Fixed Disk Drive from the FDISK Options menu . Note that the
"Current fixed disk drive" value changes to "2 ." Proceed with these
same steps to partition your second fixed disk drive .

1 38
Appendix A . Messages

This appendix contains messages associated with SELECT, listed in

alphabetic order . The messages are in bold type ; the cause and
action statements follow the message . Any other messages dis-
played during installation are complete as viewed .

Explanations for messages encountered while using FDISK, along

with any other messages you receive that are not listed here, can be
found in Using DOS 4 .00, Appendix D .
Incorrect DOS Version

Cause : SELECT . An attempt was made to run SELECT with DOS

version other than DOS 4 .00 .

Action : Insert the Install diskette in drive A ; then press

Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart .
Invalid Parameters on SELECT Command Line
Make sure the INSTALL diskette is in drive A :,
then press Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart.

Cause : SELECT . SELECT was typed on the command line . The

SELECT installation program cannot be started from the
command line .
Action : Insert the Install diskette in drive A ; then press
Ctrl + Alt + Del to restart .

Invalid SELECT Boot Media

Insert the INSTALL diskette in drive A :, then retry

Cause : SELECT . An attempt was made to start SELECT from

other than drive A .

Action : Insert the Install diskette in drive A ; then press

Ctrl + Alt + Del to retry .

Invalid Disk/Diskette Media

Insert the INSTALL diskette in drive A :, then retry
Cause : SELECT . An attempt was made to start SELECT from
media other than 360KB or 720KB .
Action : Insert the Install diskette in drive A ; then press
Ctrl + Alt + Del to retry .

1 39
An error occurred while installing DOS .
Press Enter to continue, or F3 to exit SELECT .

Cause : SELECT . DOS has detected an error of undetermined

origin .

Action : Press Enter to ignore the error or F3 to end installation .

Retry installation . If message persists, installation should be ter-
minated and the error source determined . If there is enough
space on your fixed disk for SELECT to install all the files and
DOS appears correct, run the diagnostics for your system . If the
cause of the error cannot be determined, contact your service
representative .

1 40
Index
arrow, mouse 76
Special Characters ASCII files 63, 95
.MEU files 7, 89 associating files 40, 96
+ 38 asterisk for unselectable item 57
* 60, 63 asterisks 60
* for unselectable item 45, 57 attributes, changing 40, 56
*Remote* 138 attributes, file 56, 62
AUTOEXEC . BAT 8, 24, 26, 109
AUTOEXEC .OS2 8
A AUTOEXEC .400 24, 26, 32
a word about groups 81
available disk space 62
about your fixed disk 121
action bar
definition 41 B
File System 55, 95 BACKUP command 33
F10 key 107 backup fixed disk 40, 46
Start Programs 45 batch files 92
active partition 128, 131 blurred item 57
adding buffer sizes, Shell 114
a fixed disk 122 BUFFERS statement 35
group items 80 buffers, activating in the Shell 111
group titles 80 button, selector 76
groups 40,82
help text 82
items in Start Programs 80 C
password 82 call statement 93
program titles 80 cancel copy (F3 key) 88, 107
programs 40 change colors 40
programs to a subgroup 87 changing
programs to the main group 84 active partition 131
subgroups 82 attributes 40, 56
alternative mouse drivers 115 colors 49
applications, starting 100 default drive 35
archive files 56 directories 67
Arrange 40, 54, 95 drives 35
multiple file list 57, 96 drives in the Shell 97
single file list 57, 96 file attributes 40, 56
system file list 57, 96 filename 82
arrow keys 6, 107 group filename 82
group items 82

1 41
changing (continued) CONFIG .400 24, 25, 27, 32
group title 82 configuring Shell
groups 40 See Shell startup options
help text 82, 85 confirmation
logical drive letters 122 copy 105
name of diskette 31 delete 104
password 82, 85 eliminating copy 105
programs 40 eliminating delete 104
programs in a group 85 eliminating move 105
title 82 eliminating replace 105
choices, reviewing 10, 15, 22, 31 move 105
click 76 replace 105
coexisting systems 8, 28 contiguous 127
color change option 111 copy disk 46
color not installed 110 copy, confirm 102
color setup 111 copying
colors, changing 49 files 40, 66, 101
command programs 40, 85
BACKUP 33 programs from group to
DIR 12,18 group 87
ECHO 93 system files 26
FOR 92 creating
FORMAT 32,34 directories 40, 64, 95
GOTO 92 DOS partition 123, 124
PATH 33 extended DOS partition 124
PAUSE 93 logical DOS drive 123, 124
RESTORE 34 subdirectories 64, 95
command prompt 35, 40 current directory 51
differences 49 cursor, selection 42
DOS 41 customizing the Shell 110
DOS, exiting to 41
DOS, restarting the Shell
from 41 D
Shell 49 date, setting 46
Shell, returning from 50 default drive 35
Shift+F9 107 defining a path 33
switch to and from 107 defining larger partitions 32
COMMAND .CO M 12, 18, 27 deleting
commands, program startup directories 72, 95
See program startup commands DOS partition 123
compare disks 46 extended DOS partition 132
CONFIG .OS2 8 files 40, 69, 95, 103
CONFIG .SYS 8, 24, 25, 27, 35 groups 40
items from a group 82

1 42


deleting (continued) directory (continued)

logical DOS drive 123, 132 tree 52, 54, 99
primary DOS partition 132 disabling Shell startup options 117
programs 40 disconnecting network drive 138
programs from a group 85, 88 Disk Cache 35
programs from a subgroup 88 disk compare 40, 46
subdirectories 95 disk copy 40, 46
subgroups 82 disk space available 62
deselecting diskette contents 12, 18
all files 40, 107 diskette requirements 3
directories 78 diskettes 2
files 79 changing name of 31
single file 107 exchanging 10
using a mouse 79 inserting
destination directory 68, 103 3 .5-inch 5
diagram 5 .25-inch 5
File System 54 install 7, 11
Start Programs 42 labeling 9, 13, 19, 28
differences in command operating 7
prompts 49 operating 1 7
DIR command 12,18 operating 2 7
directories operating 3 7
changing 67 requirements
creating 40, 64 3 .5-inch 3
deleting 72, 95 5 .25-inch 3
deselecting 79 select copy 19, 28, 31
destination 68 shell 9, 12, 13, 18
displaying multiple 57 startup 9, 11, 12, 13
displaying two 58 storing 11, 16, 17
explanation of 50 utilities resident on 12
highlighting in the Shell 76 working 1 9, 12, 13, 18
making 64, 95 working 2 9, 12, 13, 18
number of files 62 write-protected
number on disk 62 3 .5-inch 4
removing 72, 95 5 .25-inch 4
renaming 71,95 display options 40
selecting 79 Display options . . . 59,60
target 68 displaying
tree 52 all the files 63
directory files 58, 59, 62, 96
area 99 multiple directories 57
current 51 multiple drives 57
destination 68, 103 partition information 123
target 68 two directories 58

1 43
displaying (continued) DOSSHELL 12, 18, 26, 41
two drives 58 double-click 76
DOS command prompt 35 drive identifier 97
DOS command prompt, going to 41 drive letters
DOS directory 22, 35 assigned 135
DOS partition assigning 122
active 128, 131 changing logical 122
creating extended 124, 129 reassigning logical 122
creating larger 32 drive selection 58
creating logical drives 124, 130 drive, default 35
creating primary 124, 125 drive, disconnecting network 138
defining larger 32 drive, network 138
deleting extended 132, 134 drivers, mouse 115
deleting logical drive 132 drives
deleting logical drives 135 changing in the Shell 97
deleting primary 132, 133 displaying multiple 57
information 137 displaying two 58
maximum space 127,130 listing two 96
redefining a 19 sorting two 96
setting active 131
size in mbytes 129
status 129 E
type 129 ECHO command 93
DOS Shell 1 eliminating confirmation
color not installed 110 panels 104
command prompt 49 eliminating copy confirmation 105
command prompt, eliminating move confirmation 105
activating 110 eliminating replace
exiting 41, 42 confirmation 105
help 75 ellipsis 45, 83
introduction 44 emulators, 3270 113
key assignments 107 end mark in psc (F4 key) 107
learning 37 enhancements
no color 110 DOS Shell 1
online help 75 file system support 1
password 84, 86 National Language Support
restarting 41 (NLS) 1
Start Programs activating 110 SELECT 1
starting 41 Enter key 6
tree diagram 40 entry field 60, 61
DOS Utilities 40, 46, 80 entry field guidelines 76
DOS utilities, exploring 46 environments, network 111
DOS, replacing previous version 1 erasing directories 95

1 44
erasing programs 85 File options . . . 105
error messages 6, 11, 17, 139 file status 67
Esc key 6 file system 40
exchanging diskettes 10 FAT12 135
exit 6, 40, 42, 54, 95 FAT16 135
exit File System 40 unknown 135
exit Shell 40 File System action bar 53, 55
exiting pull-down 41 File System figure 54
exiting the Shell 41, 42, 96, 107 File System, activating 110
exploring File System, what is 38, 54
DOS utilities 46 filename, changing 82
File System 54 files
File System action bar 55 .MEU 7, 89
File System screen arrange- archive 56
ments 57 ASCII 63
Main Group 46 associating 40, 96
Start Programs 42 attributes 56, 62
Start Programs action bar 45 batch 92
the DOS command prompt 41 changing attributes 56
the File System action bar 55 copying 40, 66, 101
the Shell command prompt 49 deleting 40, 69, 95, 103
deselect all 40
deselecting 79, 95
F displaying 59, 62
FAT 135 displaying all 63
FDISK 123 displaying by extension 60
See also fixed disk displaying in two directories 58
FDISK utility 33 explanation of 50
figure finding 60
File System 54 finding by extension 60
Start Programs 42 hexadecimal 63
File 54, 95, 96 hidden 56'
file allocation table 135 highlighting 76
file area 100 information on 62
file attributes, changing 56 merging 24
file list moving 40
multiple 40, 57 number on disk 62
single 40, 57 opening 40, 96
system 40, 57 printing 40, 95
file list, multiple display 96 read-only 7, 56
file list, single display 96 renaming 32, 40, 95
file list, system display 96 select all 40
file options 40 selecting 60, 76, 79, 95
selecting across directories 106

1 45
files (continued) fixed disk (continued)
selecting in more than one direc- restore 46
tory 106 selecting next drive 123
sorting by date 59 setting active partition 123, 131
sorting by disk order 59 fixed disk, partitioning 33
sorting by extension 59 FOR command 92
sorting by name 59 Format 46
sorting by size 59 FORMAT command 32,34
starting 96 free memory 1
starting in File System 96 F1 key 75, 107
system 26 F1 =help 6
system configuration 24 See also help in the DOS Shell
updating 22, 23, 24 F10 key 107
viewing 40, 62 F11 key 107
viewing in ASCII 62, 95 F11 key, what is 44
viewing in hexadecimal 62, 95 F2 key 107
with the same name 103 F3 key 88, 107
files and directories 50 F3 = exit 6
finding files 60 F4 key 92, 107
fixed disk F6 key 107
about 121 F9 key 63, 107
adding an additional 122 F9 =view key assignments 6
backup 46
changing active partition 131
creating DOS partition 123, 124 G
extended partition 126, 129 global character (*) 60, 63
primary partition 125 global character, replacing 63
creating logical DOS drive 123, GOTO command 92
124,130 graphics mode 113
deleting DOS partition 123, 132 special considerations 113
deleting extended DOS group 42,82
partition 134 a word about 81
deleting logical DOS drive 123, adding 40
132,135 adding an item 85
deleting primary DOS changing 40
partition 133 changing a program in 85
displaying partition changing items in 82
information 123, 137 copying 85
FDISK Options menu 123 definition of 39
installing to 19 deleting 40

messages 139 deleting items from 82

next fixed disk 138 deleting programs from 85
partition information 137 is empty 87
partitioning 22, 121 item option, activating 111

1 46
group (continued)
I
levels 80
IBMCACHE 35
main 80
information on files 62
more : 80
install diskette 7, 11
rearranging 40, 82
installation choice 7
rearranging items in 82
installation messages 139
reordering 40, 82
installation procedures 7
reorganizing 82
installing DOS 4 .00
restrictions 80
defining larger partitions 7, 32
what is a 39
network considerations 117
group filename, changing 82
new installation 7
group is empty 87
non-system files to specified
groups, a word about 81
directory 19
guidelines, entry field 76
on a 1 .44MB drive 13, 16
on a 360KB drive 13
on a 720KB drive 13, 17
H
replacing DOS 7
help 6, 43
SELECT 7, 8
help in the DOS Shell
starting over 11
function keys 45
to a fixed disk 7, 19, 28
help on help (F1 key) 43, 75,
to diskette 7, 8, 9, 13
107
with another operating
help on keys (F9 key) 43, 75,
system 7, 8, 28
107
with OS\2 8
index of help (F11 key) 43, 75,
with 3 .5-inch diskettes 7, 9
107
with 5 .25-inch diskettes 7, 9
help text, changing 82, 85
360KB diskettes 7
hexadecimal files 63, 95
720KB diskette 7
hidden files 56
introducing the DOS Shell 37, 38
highlighted letters 78
introduction 44
highlighted options 8, 20
invocation parameters for the Shell
highlighting 42
See Shell startup options
hot key
item, blurred 57
See graphics mode, special con-
item, shaded 57
siderations
items, adding 80
See TSR programs

1 47
 logical DOS drive 124
K
key assignments, SELECT 6
key assignments, Shell 107
M
keyboard operation 76 Main Group
keyboard password 109 adding subgroups 82
'
keys definition of 39
arrow 42, 107 reorganizing programs 82
Esc 6 what is 39, 81
F1 107 Main Group in the Shell 80
F10 42, 107 making
F11 44, 107
directories 64, 95
F2 107 subdirectories 64, 95
F3 88, 107 MEM command 1
F3 in SELECT 6 memory
F4 92, 107 determining free 1
F6 107
determining used 1
F9 63, 107 free areas 1
F9 in SELECT 6 requirements 1
NumLock 37, 44 used areas 1
PgDn 37, 44, 107 menus, predefined 89
PgUp 37, 44, 107 merging files 24
SELECT assignments 6 messages
Shell assignments 107 after installation 11,17
Shift+F9 107 error 6, 11, 17, 139
spacebar 107 FDISK 139
tab 6, 107 installation 139
mnemonics 78
mode
L graphics 113
labeling diskettes 13, 19, 28
resident 113
layout, page 54
text 113
learning the DOS Shell 37
transient 113
left-hand mouse 114
modifying
letters
default drive 35
changing logical drive 122
programs 85
highlighted 78
more : 80
mnemonic 78
mouse
underlined 78
alternative 115
letters, blurred 57
arrow 76
levels, group 80
click 76
listing single file list 96
double-click 76
listing two drives 96
driver 110
listing two file lists 96
activating 110, 114
IBM PS/2 110

1 48
mouse (continued)
driver (continued)
0
online help 75
other 115
open (start) 40
drivers 115
opening files 40, 95
left-hand 114
operating diskette 7
memory usage 115
operating 1 diskette 7
Microsoft 114
operating 2 diskette 7
operation 76
operating 3 diskette 7
other 115
operation, keyboard and mouse 76
pointer 76
optional program startup commands
selector button 76
See program startup commands
starting a program with 96
Options 40, 54, 95
TSR programs 115
See also Shell startup options
using a 76
options, highlighted 8, 20
using to start a program 76
other operating systems 121
mouse drivers 115
moving files 40
moving programs 87
multiple file list 40, 57, 96
P
page layout, File System 54
parameters, invocation 110

N partition 129
See also DOS partition
National Language Support partitioning your fixed disk 33
(NLS) 1
password
network
adding 85
*Remote* indicator 138
changing 82, 85
considerations 117
entering 84, 86
disconnecting drive 138
group item 84, 86
drive 138
keyboard 109
environments 111
path 33, 98, 102
programs 100, 113
path area 58, 98
network drive, disconnecting 138
PATH command 33
number of directories on disk 62
paths, specifying 52
number of files on disk 62
PAUSE command 93,109
NumLock key 37, 44
PC-to-host communications 100
113
Percentage of Disk Used 129
PgDn key 37, 44,107
Pg U p key 37, 44,107
pointer, mouse 76
pop-up 46
predefined menus 89
printing files 40, 95

1 49
procedures, installation 7 prompt
Program 42 differences 49
program startup commands for keyboard password 109
additional 93 prompt panel 90
application parameter PSC
request 90 See program startup commands
batch files 92 pull-down
definition 89 definition 41
ECHO command 93 exiting 41
entering 93 pull-down, shaded 57
example 93, 94
GOTO command 92
group 89 R
group item 93 read-only files 7, 56
group item program startup com- rearranging groups 40, 82
mands 89 rearranging items in a group 82
optional 90 reassigning logical drive
options 90 letters 122
PAUSE command 93 reinstalling DOS 4 .00 7
prompt panel 90 Remote 138
program, starting 76, 85, 96 removing directories 72
programs 85 removing subdirectories 72
adding 40 renaming
adding to a subgroup 87 AUTOEXEC .400 24
adding to the main group 84 CONFIG .400 24
changing 40 directories 71, 95
copying 40, 87 files 40, 95
copying from group to group 87 subdirectories 71
deleting 40 system files 24
deleting from a group 88 reordering group items 82
deleting from a subgroup 88 reordering groups 40, 82
indifferent session 100, 113 reorganizing group items 82
in memory 100, 113 reorganizing groups 82
moving 87 reorganizing programs in Main
network 100, 113 Group 82
PC-to-host replacing global character 63
communications 100, 113 replacing previous version of
reorganizing 82 DOS 1, 7
running 96, 100 requirements
starting 40 diskettes 3
starting in Start Programs 85 memory 1
starting in the File System 96 resident mode 113
TS R 100, 113 responding to error messages 6

1 50
restarting the DOS Shell 41, 49 setting active partition 123, 131
RESTORE command 34 setting date and time 46
restore fixed disk 40, 46 shaded item 57
restrictions, menu 80 Shell
resume File System 40, 96 See DOS Shell
resume Start Programs 40, 46 Shell buffer sizes 114
returning to the Shell 49 Shell command prompt . 107
reviewing choices 10, 15, 22, 31 Shell configurations
running programs 96, 100 See Shell startup options
shell diskette 9
Shell options
S See Shell startup options
save (F2 key) 107 Shell startup options 10, 15, 22, 31,
screen arrangements 110
multiple file list 57, 96 adding 114, 115
single file list 57, 96 additional 114
system file list 57, 96 changing 114, 115
scroll bar 77 deleting 114
scrolling 77 disabling 117
help 107 for File System 112
information 107 for Start Programs 112
lists 107 prohibiting changes to 117
SELECT 1, 7 256KB of memory 1, 112
choices 8 360KB of memory 112
files created by 24 Shell startup options, changing 15
files renamed by 8 Shell, changing colors 49
select all files 40 Shell, disabling startup
select copy diskette 19 options 117
SELECT key assignments 6 Shell, prohibiting changes to 117
selecting shell, what is a 37, 38
directories 78 SHELL= statement 27
drives 58 SHELLC 116
files 60, 76, 79 shift+F9 107
files in more than one show information 40
directory 106 Show Information panel 67
next fixed disk drive 123 Show information . . . 67
using a keyboard 79 single file deselect 107
using a mouse 78 single file list 40, 57, 96
selecting files in more than one Size in Mbytes 129
directory 106 slider box 77
selection cursor 8, 42 sorting files 59
selector button 76 by date 59
set date and time 40 by disk order 59
by extension 59

1 51
sorting files (continued)
by name 59
T
tab key 6, 107
by size 59 target directory 68
sorting two drives 96 text mode 113
spacebar 107
time, setting 46
specifying paths 52 title, change 85
Start Programs action bar 45 title, changing 82
Start Programs diagram 42
titles
Start Programs, what is 38, 42 group 80
starting DOS 11, 16, 17, 18, 23 program 80
starting over 11 touring the DOS Shell 37
starting programs 40, 100
transient mode 113
in Start Programs 80, 85 transient mode in the Shell, acti-
i n the File System 96, 100 vating 111
terminate and stay resident
tree diagram of the Shell 40
(TSR) 100 tree, directory 52
with a mouse 76, 96
TSR programs 100, 113, 115
starting the DOS Shell 41 Type 129
startup commands, program
See program startup commands
startup diskette 9 U
startup options underlined letters 78
See Shell startup options unknown 135
Status 129 unselectable item, * 57
status of files 62 updating DOS files 22
status panel, file 62 updating system configuration files
storing diskettes 11, 16, 17, 23, 24 AUTOEXEC . BAT 23,24
subdirectories AUTOEXEC .400 24
creating 64, 95 CONFIG .SYS 23, 24
deleting 72, 95 CONFIG .400 24
making 64, 95 for keyboard password 109
removing 72, 95 PAUSE command 109
renaming 71, 95 used memory 1
subgroup 87 using a mouse 76
subgroup, adding programs to 87 using FDISK 121
system configuration files 24 utilities 46
system file list 40, 57, 96 utilities on diskettes 12
system files 26

1 52
V
viewing files 40, 62
volume label 32, 135

W
working 1 diskette 9
working 2 diskette 9
write-protected diskettes 4

Numerics
3270 emulators 113

1 53
154
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