Binomial Theorem

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n

[k.M (A) : O;kid in ,oa (ax +b)n esa xk dk xq.kkad
A-1. Expand the following :
fuEu dk izlkj djks :
5 4
2 x  2 2
(i)  x  2  , (x  0) (ii)  y   , (y  0)
   y
5 3 3 5
2 2 2 x x x
Ans. (i)  x  – 5  x  + 10  x  – 10  2  + 5  2  –  2 
           
32 16
(ii) y8 + 8y5 + 24y2 + + 4
y y
 25  4
2 x
1 3
2 x
2
2
2 3
x 5 2 x 5 x
1 4 5
Sol. (i)   – 5
C 1     + 5
C 2     – 5
C 3    2  + C4  x   2  – C5  2 
 x  x 2 x 2 x        
5 3 3 5
2 2 2 x x x
=   – 5   + 10   –10   + 5   –  
x x x 2 2 2
32 16
(ii) (y2 )4 + 4C1 (y2)3 (2/y) + 4 C2 (y2)2 (2/y)2 + 4C3 (y2) (2/y)3 + 4 C4 (2/y)4 = y8 + 8y5 + 24y2 + + 4
y y

n
 1 
A-2. In the binomial expansion of  3 2  3  , the ratio of the 7th term from the begining to the 7th term
 3
from the end is 1 : 6 ; find n.
n
3 1 
 2  3  ds izlkj esa izkjEHk ls 7 osa in vkSj var ls 7 osa in dk vuqikr 1 : 6 gS] rc n dk eku Kkr djksA
 3
Ans. n = 9
n6 2
 1
7th 6  2
Sol. term from beginning T7 = nC 3
3
 
n6
 1
n –6  2   
2 3
7th term from the end Tn –5 = nC
3
 n6 
 2 
 3  n 12
T7 1 2 1 n  12
   = 6 3  = –1  n = 9
Tn5 6  n6  6 3
2
 1  3 
3
 
n6 2
 1
Hindi izkjEHk ls 7ok¡ in T7 = nC6  2 3
3
 

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ADVBT - 1
Binomial Theorem

n6

vUr ls 7ok¡ in Tn –5 = nCn –6  2   

1 2 3

 
3
 n6 
 2 
n 12
T7 1 2 3  1 n  12
   = 6 3  = –1  n = 9
Tn5 6  n6  6 3
2
 1  3 
3
 
    x  (x  1)  .
5 5
Find the degree of the polynomial x  (x3  1) 2
1 3 1
A-3. 2

cgqin  x  (x3  1)    x  (x  1)  . dh ?kkr Kkr dhft,A

1 5 1 5
2 3 2

Ans. 7
Sol. = 2[x5 + 5C2 . x3(x3 –1)1/2)2 + 5C4. x ((x3 –1)1/2)4]
= 2[x5 + 10x3(x3 –1) + 5C4.x (x3–1)2]
= 2[x5 + 10x6 – 10x3 + 5x (x6 – 2x3 + 1)]   degree is 7 ¼?kkr 7 gS½

A-4. Find the coefficient of

(i) x6y3 in (x + y)9 (ii) a5 b7 in (a – 2b)12
xq.kkad dk eku Kkr djks&
(i) (x + y)9 esa x6y3 dk (ii) (a – 2b)12 esa a5 b7 dk
Ans. (i) 9C3 (ii) – 27 . 12C7
9
Sol. (i) (x + y)9 = 
r 0
9
Cr x9–r yr   co-efficient of x6 y3 = 9C3

12

 12
Cr a12–r  –2b 
r
(ii) (a – 2b)12 =  Co-efficient of a5 b7 = 12 C7 (–2)7
r 0

9
Hindi. (i) (x + y)9 = 
r 0
9
Cr x9–r yr   x6 y3 dk xq.kkad = 9C3

12

 12
Cr a12–r  –2b 
r
(ii) (a – 2b)12 =  a5 b7 dk xq.kkad = 12 C7 (–2)7
r 0

11 11
 1   1 
A-5. Find the co-efficient of in  ax 2  x7
 and of x–7 in  ax   and find the relation between
 b x2
 b x  
'a' & 'b' so that these co-efficients are equal. (where a, b  0).
11 11
 2 1   1 
 ax   ds izlkj esa x dk xq.kkad vkSj  ax  2 
ds izlkj esa x–7 dk xq.kkad Kkr djksA ;fn ;s xq.kkad
7

 b x  b x 
ijLij cjkcj gks] rks 'a' ,oa 'b' ds chp lEcU/k Kkr djks(tgk¡ a, b  0)
11C a6 a5
Ans. 5 , 11C6 , ab = 1
b5 b6
11
 1 
Sol. Co-efficient of x7 in  ax 2 
 bx 
r
 1 
General Term = 11Cr (ax2)11–r   = 11Cr a11–r b–r x22–3r
 bx 
Put 22 – 3r = 7

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ADVBT - 2
Binomial Theorem

r=5   Co-efficient of x7 = 11C5 a6 . b–5

11
 1 
Co-efficient of x–7 in  ax – 2 
 bx 
r
 1 
General Term = 11Cr (ax)11–r  – 2  = 11 Cr a11–r (b)–r (–1)r x11–3r
 bx 
Put 11 – 3r = –7 r = 6   Co-efficient of x–7 =11C6 a5 b–6
Given that 11
C5 a6 b–5 = 11C6 a5 b–6 ab = 1
11
 2 1 
Hindi.  ax  bx  ds izlkj esa x dk xq.kkad
7

 
r
 1  11
O;kid in = 11Cr (ax2)11–r  11–r –r 22–3r
 = Cr a b x
 bx 
22 – 3r = 7 j[kus ij
r=5   x7 dk xq.kkad = 11C5 a6 . b–5
11
 1 
 ax – 2  ds izlkj esa x dk xq.kkad
–7

 bx 
r
O;kid in = 11Cr (ax)11–r  –
1  –r
 = Cr a (b) (–1) x
11 11–r r 11–3r

 bx 2 
11 – 3r = –7 j[kus ij r = 6   x–7 dk xq.kkad =11C6 a5 b–6
fn;k x;k gS 11
C5 a6 b–5 = 11C6 a5 b–6 ab = 1

A-6. Find the term independent of 'x' in the expansion of the expression,
9
3 2 1 
(1 + x + 2 x3)  x   .
2 3 x
9
3 1 
(1 + x + 2 x3)  x 2   ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in Kkr dhft,A
 2 3 x
17
Ans .
54
9
3 1 
Sol. Co-efficient of x0 in (1 + x + 2x3)  x 2 
2 3x 
9 9
3 1  3 1 
= Co-efficient of x0 in  x 2   + Co-efficient of x–1 in  x 2 
2 3x  2 3x 
9
3 1 
+ 2 Co-efficient of x–3 in  x 2  
 2 3x 
9–r1 r 9–r2 r 9–r3 r
3   1 1 3   1 2 3   1 3
  3x     3x   2   3x 
9
= Cr1  x2  9
Cr2  x2  9
Cr3  x2 
2    2    2   
3 6 2 7
 3  1  3  1 17
= 9
C6       2 9
C7      
2  3 2  3 54

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ADVBT - 3
Binomial Theorem

9
3 1 
Hindi. (1 + x + 2x3)  x 2   ds izlkj esa x0 dk xq.kkad
 2 3x 
9 9 9
3 1  3 2 1 
dk xq.kkad + 2  x2   ds
3 1
  x2   ds izlkj esa x dk xq.kkad +  2 x  3x 
0
ds izlkj esa x –1

 2 3x     2 3x 
izlkj esa x–3 dk xq.kkad
9–r1 r 9–r2 r 9–r3 r
3   1 1 3   1 2 3   1 3
  3x     3x   2   3x 
9
= Cr1  x2  9
Cr2  x2  9
Cr3  x2 
2    2    2   
3 6 2 7
 3  1  3  1 17
= 9
C6       2 9
C7      
2  3 2  3 54

A-7. (i) Find the coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x)6(1 – x)7.

(ii) Find the coefficient of x4 in (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5
(i) (1 + 2x)6(1 – x)7 esa x5 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(ii) (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5 esa x4 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) 171
(ii) –438
Sol. (i) (1 + 2x)6 (1 – x)7
= (1 + 6C1 (2x) + 6C2 (2x)2 + 6C3 (2x)3 + 6C4 (2x)4 + 6C5 (2x)5 + (2x)6) (1 – x)7.
= (1 + 12x + 60x2 + 160 x3 + 240x4 + 192 x5 + 64 x6) (1 – x)7
= 1 × coeff of x5 + 12 x coeff. of x4 + 60 × coeff of x3 + 160 × coeff of x2 +
240 × coeff of x + 192 × constant term.
= 1 × x5 dk xq.kkad + 12 (x4 dk xq.kkad) + 60 (x3 dk xq.kkad) + 160 (x2 dk xq.kkad)
+ 240 (x2 dk xq.kkad) + 192 × vpj in

= 1 × (–1)5 . 7C5 +12 x 7C4 – 60 × 7C3 + 160 × 7C2 – 240 × 7C1 + 192 × 1
= – 21 + 420 – 2100 + 3360 – 1680 + 192 = 171

(ii) (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5

[1 + 4C1 (2x) + 4C2 (2x)2 + 4C3 (2x)3 + 4C4(2x)4 ] (2 –x)5
= (1 + 8x + 24x2 + 32x3 + 16x4) (2 – x)5
coefficient of x4 = 1 × coefficient of x4 + 8 × coefficient of x3 + 24 × coefficient of x2 + 32 × coefficient of
x + 16 × constant term
x4 dk xq.kkad = 1 × x4 dk xq.kkad + 8 × x3 dk xq.kkad + 24 × x2 dk xq.kkad + 32 × x dk xq.kkad+ 16 × vpj in
Tr+1 = 5Cr . 25–r (–x)r = (–1)r 5Cr 25–r xr = 1 × 5C4 × 21 – 8 × 5C3 × 22 + 24 × 5C2 × 23 – 32 × 5C1 × 24 + 16×25

= 10 – 320 + 1920 – 2560 + 512 = –438

n
 1 
A-8. In the expansion of  x3  2  , n  N, if the sum of the coefficients of x5 and x10 is 0, then n is :
 x 
Ans. 15
n
 1 
;fn  x3   , n  N ds izlkj esa x vkSj x ds xq.kkadks dk ;ksx 'kwU; gks] rks n gS&
5 10

 x2 
n
 3 1 
Sol. x  2 
 x 
n!
General term = (–1)n–r x5r–2n
n!(n – r)!
2n
If 5r – 2n = 5, then 5r = 2n + 5  r= +1
5

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ADVBT - 4
Binomial Theorem

2n
If 5r – 2n = 10, then 5r = 2n + 10  r= +2
5
Let n = 5k
5k! 5k!
Now – =0
(2k  1)!(3k  1)! (2k  2)!(3k  2)!
1 1
 – =0  k=3  n = 15
3k  1 2k  2
n
 1 
Hindi.  x3  2 
 x 
n!
O;kid in = (–1)n–r x5r–2n
n!(n – r)!
2n
;fn 5r – 2n = 5, rc 5r = 2n + 5   r= +1
5
2n
;fn 5r – 2n = 10, rc 5r = 2n + 10  r= +2
5
ekuk n = 5k
5k! 5k!
vc – =0
(2k  1)!(3k  1)! (2k  2)!(3k  2)!
1 1
 – =0  k=3  n = 15
3k  1 2k  2

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

[k.M (B) : e?; in] 'ks"kQy vkSj la[;kRed@chtxf.krh; egÙke in
B-1. Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of
fuEu ds izlkj esa e/; in Kkr djks&
7
x y
(i)    (ii) (1 – 2x + x2)n
y x
35x 35y (2n)! n
Ans. (i) – , (ii) (–1)n x
y x n! n!
7
x y
Sol. (i)  –  T4 & T5 are the middle term
y x
(ii) (1 – 2x + x2)n = (x – 1)2n
Tn+1 = 2n Cn (–1)n xn
7
x y
Hindi. (i)  –  ds izlkj esa T4 vkSj T5 e/; in gS
y x
(ii) (1 – 2x + x2)n = (x – 1)2n
Tn+1 = 2n Cn (–1)n xn

B-2. Prove that the co-efficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x) 2n is equal to the sum of the
co-efficients of middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n  1.
fl) djks fd (1 + x)2n ds izlkj esa e/; in dk xq.kkad] (1 + x)2n  1 ds izlkj esa e/; inksa ds xq.kkadksa ds ;ksxQy ds
cjkcj gSA
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ADVBT - 5
Binomial Theorem

Sol. Co-efficient of middle term (1 + x)2n = 2nCn

2nC 2n–1C 2n–1C
n= n–1 + n
Hindi. (1 + x)2n ds izlkj esa e/; in dk xq.kkad = 2nCn
2nC = 2n–1C 2n–1C
n n–1 + n

B-3. (i) Find the remainder when 798 is divided by 5

(ii) Using binomial theorem prove that 6n – 5n always leaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25.
(iii) Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (27) 27.
(i) ;fn 798 dks 5 ls foHkkftr fd;k tk,] rks 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
(ii) f}in izes; dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fl) dhft, fd 6n – 5n dks 25 ls foHkkftr djus ij izkIr 'ks"kQy lnSo
1 gksrk gSA
(iii) (27)27 dk vfUre vad] vfUre nks vad o vfUre rhu vad Kkr djksA
Ans. (i) 4
(iii) 3, 03, 803
Sol. (i) 798 = (50 –1)49 = 49C0(50)49 – 49C1(50)48 + .....– 49C49 Remainder 'ks"kQy = 5 – 1 = 4
(ii) 6n – 5n = (5 + 1)n – 5n = 5n + nC1.5n – 1 + ......+ nCn – 2 . 52 + nCn – 1 . 5 + 1 – 5n = 25 + 1
(iii) (27)27 = 381 = 3.(9)40
= 3(10 – 1)40 = 3(1040 – 40C1.1039 + ..... + 40C38.102 – 40C39 .10 +1 ) = 3(1000 – 400 + 1 )
Last 3 digits of this number = 803.
bl la[;k ds vfUre 3 vad = 803.

B-4. Which is larger : (9950 + 10050) or (101)50.

(9950 + 10050) rFkk (101)50 esa ls dkSulk cM+k gS \
Ans. 10150
Sol. (100 + 1)50 – 10050 – (100 –1)50 = 2[50C1(100)49 + 50C3(100)47 + ......+ 50C49 (100)] – (100)50 > 0
(101)50 > (9950 + 10050)

1
B-5. (i) Find numerically greatest term(s) in the expansion of (3 – 5x)15 when x =
5
(ii) Which term is the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2x + 5y)34, when x = 3 & y = 2 ?

1
(i) ;fn x = rc (3 – 5x)15 ds izlkj esa egÙke la[;kRed eku okyk¼okys½ in Kkr djksA
5

(ii) (2x + 5y)34ds foLrkj esa la[;kRed egÙke in gksxk tc x = 3 rFkk y = 2 ?

Ans. (i) T4 = – 455  312 and T5 = 455 × 312

(ii) 22
   
 n 1   15  1 
Sol (i) For numerically greatest term in (x + a)n r=  =  =4
 x   3 
1  a  1  1 
   
n 1
Since value of is itself an integer. There are two terms, whose numerical values are greatest
x
1
a
T4 and T5

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ADVBT - 6
Binomial Theorem

T4 = 15 C3 (3)12 (–1)3 = – 455 × 312

T5 = 15 C4 (3)11 (–1)4 = 455 × 312
   
 n 1   15  1 
(i) (x + a)n ds izlkj esa egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in ds fy, r =  =   =4
 x   3 
1  a  1  1 
   
n 1
pw¡fd dk eku ,d iw.kk±d gS vr% ;gk¡ nks in gS ftudk la[;kRed eku egÙke gSA
x
1
a
T4 rFkk T5
T4 = 15 C3 (3)12 (–1)3 = – 455 × 312
T5 = 15 C4 (3)11 (–1)4 = 455 × 312
   
 n  1   34  1 
(ii) For numerically greatest term egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in ds fy;s r =   =  r = 21.
 x   6 
 1  a   1  10 
   
B-6. Find the term in the expansion of (2x – 5)6 which have
(i) Greatest binomial coefficient (ii) Greatest numerical coefficient
(iii) Algebrically greatest coefficient (iv) Algebrically least coefficient
(2x – 5)6 ds izlkj esa og in Kkr djks tks j[krk gS
(i) egÙke f}in xq.kkad (ii) egÙke la[;kRed xq.kkad
(iii) egÙke chtxf.krh; xq.kkad (iv) U;wure chtxf.krh; xq.kkad
Ans. (i) T4 (ii) T5, T6 (iii) T5 (iv) T6
Sol. (2x – 5)6
(i) Greatest binomical Co-efficient is of middle term = T6 = T4
1
2

 
 6 1 
(ii) For greatest numerical term r =   =  35  = 5
 2  7 
1   
 
 5 
n 1
Since itself is an integer.
x
1
a
 T5 and T6 both terms have are greatest numerical value
(iii) The positive term of greatest numerical value is Algebraically greatest i.e. T 5 .
(iv) The negative term of greatest numerical value is algebraically least i.e. T6
Hindi. (2x – 5)6
(i) egÙke f}in xq.kkad okyk in e/; in gksrk gS vr% = T6 = T4
1
2

 
 6 1 
(ii) egÙke la[;kRed eku okyk in r =   =  35  = 5
 2   7 
1  5 
 

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ADVBT - 7
Binomial Theorem

n 1
pw¡fd ,d iw.kk±d gS vr%
x
1
a
T5 rFkk T6 nksuksa in egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in gksaxs
(iii) chtxf.krh;egÙke eku okyk in /kukRed egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in ds cjkcj gksrk gS] vFkkZr~ T5
(iv) chtxf.krh; U;wure eku okyk in _.kkRed egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in ds cjkcj gksrk gS] vFkkZr~ T6

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial
coefficients
[k.M (C) : Js.kh dk ;ksx] pj Åijh lwpdkad ,oa f}in xq.kkadks dk xq.ku
C-1. If C0, C1, C2, ... Cn are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n then prove that :
;fn (1 + x)n, n  N ds izlkj eas C0, C1, C2,.., Cn f}in xq.kkad gS] rks fl) djks :
n
C1 C2 C  1 
(i)_ C0    3 …….. upto (n + 1) terms equal to 1  
2 2 2 2  2

(ii)_.  C1(3)n1( 5 )1  C2 (3)n2 5  C3 3n3 (5 5 ) …..upto (n) terms equal to (3  5 )n  3n

 3.2  1 32.22  1 33.23  1 3n.2n  1 23n  3n

(iii) C1 + C2 + C3 + ........ + Cn =
2 22 23 2n 2n
Sol. (i) Obvious

(ii) Obvious

 C C C 
(iii) (C0 + 3C1 + 32C2 + ........ + 3nCn) –  C0  1  22  ......  2n 
 2 2 2 
n
3 3n 23n  3n
= 4n –   = 22n – n =
2 2 2n

C-2. If C0, C1, C2, ... Cn are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) n then prove that :
;fn (1 + x)n, n  N ds izlkj eas C0, C1, C2,.., Cn f}in xq.kkad gS] rks fl) djks :

C1 C C Cn n(n  1)
(i) + 2 2 + 3 3 +........ + n =
C0 C1 C2 Cn  1 2
C0C1C2 ........Cn  1(n  1)n
(ii) (C0 + C1) (C1 + C2) (C2 + C3) (C3 + C4)........ (Cn  1 + Cn) = .
n!
(iii) Co  2C1 + 3C2  4C3 +.... + (1)n (n+1) Cn = 0
42 43 4n 1 5n1  1
(iv) 4C0 + . C1 + C2 + .............. + Cn =
2 3 n 1 n 1
22 .C0 23 .C1 24 .C2 2n  2 .Cn 3n  2  2n  5
(v)    ......  
1. 2 2. 3 3 . 4 (n  1 ) (n  2) (n  1) (n  2)
22 .C1 23 .C2 24 .C3 2n  1 .Cn 3n  1 1
(vi) 2.Co +    ...... 
2 3 4 n  1 n  1

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ADVBT - 8
Binomial Theorem

C1 C C
Sol. (i)  2 2  3 3 + .........
C0 C1 C2
n(n  1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ....+ (n – 1) + n =
2
(ii) (C0 + C1)(C1 + C2)..........(Cn–1 + Cn)
 n 1   n 1 
= (n + 1C1)(n + 1C2)........(n + 1Cn) = ((n + 1).C0)  .C1  .......  .Cn1 
 2   n 
(n  1)n
= C0C1........Cn – 1
n !
(iii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + ............+ Cnxn
x(1 + x)n = C0x + C1x2 + ............+ Cnxn + 1
Differentiating w.r.t. x x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
(1 + x)n + n x (1 + x)n – 1 = C0 + 2C1x + ...... + (n + 1) Cnxn
Putting x = – 1 j[kus ij
C0 – 2C1 + ..........+ (– 1)n (n + 1) Cn = 0
n n n

 
Cr r 1 1 n 1 1 1
(iv) S = 4 = Cr 1 4r 1 = [C 4 + C242 + .... Cn + 14n + 1] = [5n + 1 – 1]
r 0
r 1 n 1 r 0
n 1 1 n 1
Aliter
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + ............ + nCn xn
(1  x)n1 1 n
C1x 2 n
Cn xn  1
– = n C0 x + + ..........
n 1 n 1 2 n 1
put x = 4
42 4n 1 5n1  1
then C0 . 4 + C1 + ...........+ Cn =
2 n 1 n 1
n n n

 
Cr r 1 1 n 1 1
(iv) S= 4 = Cr 1 4r 1 = [C14 + C242 + ....... Cn + 14n + 1]
r 0
r 1 n 1 r 0
n 1
1
= [5n + 1 – 1]
n 1
oSdfYid %
(1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1x + ............ + nCn xn
(1  x)n1 1 n
C1x 2 n
Cn xn  1
– = n C0 x + + ..........
n 1 n 1 2 n 1
x = 4 j[kus ij
42 4n 1 5n1  1
rc C0 . 4 + C1 + ...........+ Cn =
2 n 1 n 1
(v) (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + .........+ Cnxn
Integrating from 0 to x
1  x n1  1 C1x 2 C xn1
= C0x + +........+ n
n 1 2 n 1
Again integrate 0 to x
1  x n2  1 x C0 x2 C1x3 Cn xn1
    ....... 
n  1n  2 n  1 2 2.3 (n  1)(n  2)
put x = 2

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ADVBT - 9
 Binomial Theorem

22.C0 23.C1 2n 2 Cn 3n 2  2n  5

 +......+ 
2 2.3 n  1n  2 n  1n  2
(v) (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + .........+ Cnxn
0 ls x rd lekdyu djus ij
1  x n1  1 = C x + C1x 2 C xn1
+........+ n
n 1 0
2 n 1
iqu% 0 ls x rd lekdyu djus ij
n 2
1  x   1 x C0 x2 C1x3 Cn xn1
    ....... 
n  1n  2 n  1 2 2.3 (n  1)(n  2)
x = 2 j[kus ij
2
2 .C0 2 .C1 3
2n 2 Cn 3n 2  2n  5
 +......+ 
2 2.3 n  1n  2 n  1n  2

(vi) (1 + x)n = nC0 + nC1 x + ............+ nCnxn

2 2
C x2 C xn  1
 (1  x) dx = C0x + 1
n
+ ....... + n
2 n 1
0 0

3n1  1 22 C1 2n1Cn
= 2.C0 + + ...... +
n 1 2 n 1

C-3. Prove that fl) djks

(i) nC + n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .............. + rCr = n+1Cr+1

r
(ii) 10C 11C + 12C + …..+ 19C = 1020
2 + 2 2 2

Sol. (i) n
Cr + n – 1Cr + ...... + rCr = Co-efficient of xr in (1 + x)n + (1 + x)n –1 + ..... + (1 + x)r
 (1  x)n  r  1  1
= Co-efficient of xr in (1 + x)r   = Co-efficient of xr + 1 in (1 + x)n + 1 = n + 1Cr + 1
 x 
Hindi. (i) n
Cr + n – 1Cr + ...... + rCr = (1 + x)n + (1 + x)n –1 + ..... + (1 + x)r ds izlkj esa xr dk xq.kkad
 (1  x)n  r  1  1
= (1 + x)r   ds izlkj esa xr dk xq.kkad
 x 
= (1 + x)n + 1 ds izlkj esa xr dk xq.kkad = n + 1Cr + 1
20  19  18 10  9  8
(ii) 20C
3 – 10C3 = – = 120 = 1140 – 120 = 1020
3  2 1 3  2 1

C-4. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ......... + Cn xn, prove that

;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x2 + ......... + Cn xn, fl) djks
(2n)!
(i) C0 C3 + C1 C4 + ......... + Cn – 3 Cn =
(n  3) ! (n  3)!
(2n)!
(ii) C0 Cr + C1 Cr + 1 + .......... + Cn – r Cn =
(n  r) ! (n  r)!
(iii) C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + ........ + (–1) Cn2 = 0 or (–1)n/2 Cn/2 according as n is odd or even.
2 2 2 2 n

Co²  C1² + C2²  C3² +...... + (1)n Cn² = 0 ;k (1)n/2 Cn/2 ;fn n fo"ke ;k le gSA

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ADVBT - 10
Binomial Theorem

[Revision Planner]
Sol. (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + ......... + Cn xn
(x + 1)n = C0xn + C1 xn–1 + ......... + Cn
C0C3 + C1C4 + ............+ Cn–3Cn
= Co-efficient of xn–3 in (1 + x)2n = 2nCn–3
(ii) C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + ............+ Cn–rCn
= co-efficient of xn–r in (1+x)2n
= 2nCn–r
(iii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + ......... + Cn xn
(x – 1)n = C0xn – C1 xn–1 + ......... +(–1) nCn
C02 –C12 +.............+(–1)nCn2
= co-efficient of xn in (x2 –1)n = 0 if n is odd
= nCn/2(–1)n/2 if n is even
Hindi. (i) (1 + x) = C0 + C1 x + ......... + Cn xn
n

(x + 1)n = C0xn + C1 xn–1 + ......... + Cn

C0C3 + C1C4 + ............+ Cn–3Cn
= (1 + x)2n esa xn –3 dk xq.kkad = 2nCn–3
(ii) C0Cr + C1Cr+1 + ............+ Cn–rCn
= (1 + x)2n esa xn –r dk xq.kkad
= 2nCn–r
(iii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + ......... + Cn xn
(x – 1)n = C0xn – C1 xn–1 + ......... +(–1) nCn
C02 –C12 +.............+(–1)nCn2
= (x2 –1)n esa xn dk xq.kkad = 0 ;fn n fo"ke gSA
n
= Cn/2(–1) n/2 ;fn n le gSA

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

[k.M (D) : _.kkRed o fHké ?kkrkad] cgqinh; çes;
D-1. Find the co-efficient of x6 in the expansion of (1  2 x)5/2.
(1  2 x)5/2 ds izlkj esa x6 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
15015
Ans.
16
Sol. In the expansion of (1 – 2x)– 5/2
55  5  5 
  1   2  .......   r – 1
Tr + 1 = 
2 2  2  2  · (–1)r (2)r xr
r !
55  5  5  5  5 
  1   2    3    4    5 
 Coefficient of x6 = 
2 2  2  2  2  2  = 15015
6 ! 16
Hindi. (1 – 2x)– 5/2 ds çlkj esa
55  5  5 
1  2  .......   r – 1
2  2   2   2  · (–1)r (2)r xr
Tr + 1 =
r !
55  5  5  5  5 
 2  1  2  2   2  3   2  4   2  5  15015
 x6 dk xq.kkad =           =
2
6 ! 16

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ADVBT - 11
Binomial Theorem

4  2x  x 2
D-2. (i) Find the coefficient of x12 in
(1  x)3
3  5x
(ii) Find the coefficient of x100 in
(1  x)2
4  2x  x 2
(i) esa x12 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(1  x)3
3  5x
(ii) esa x100 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(1  x)2
Ans. (i) 142
(ii) – 197
Sol. (i) (4 + 2x – x2) (1 + x)–3
= 4 × coeff of x12 + 2 × coeff of x11 – 1 × coeff of x10
= 4 (x12 dk xq.kkad) + 2 (x11 dk xq.kkad) – 1 (x10 dk xq.kkad)

In (1 + x)–3
Tr+1 = (–1)r 3+r–1Crxr
= (–1)r r+2Cr xr
= 4 × 14C12 – 2 × 13C11 – 12C10
14  13 13  12 12  11
= 4  2x 
2 2 2
= 364 – 156 – 66 = 142

(ii) (3 – 5x) (1 – x)–2

= 3 × coeff of x100 – 5 × coeff of x99
= 3 (x100 dk xq.kkad) – 5 (x99 dk xq.kkad)
In (1 – x)–2
Tr+1 = 2+r–1Cr xr = r+1Cr xr
= 3 × 101C100 – 5 x 100C99
= 3 × 101 – 5 x 100
= – 197

D-3. Assuming ' x ' to be so small that x2 and higher powers of ' x ' can be neglected, show that,

1 34 x 
4
(16  3x)1/ 2 305
is approximately equal to, 1  x.
(8  x) 2/3
96
;fn 'x' dk eku bruk vYi gS fd x2 vkSj 'x' dh mPp ?kkrksa dks ux.; ekuk tk ldrk gS rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd

1 34 x 
4
(16  3x )1/ 2 305
dk eku yxHkx 1  x gSA
(8  x) 2/3 96
4
 3   3 
 1  4 x  (16  3x) (1  3x) . 4  1 
1/ 2
x
   32  =  1  3x  3 x   x 
Sol. =  32   1  12 
(8  x)2 / 3  2x    
4 1  
 24 
x 3 305
=1– – 3x – x=1– x
12 32 96

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ADVBT - 12
Binomial Theorem

D-4. (i) Find the coefficient of a5 b4 c7 in the expansion of (bc + ca  ab)8.

(ii) Sum of coefficients of odd powers of x in expansion of (9x 2 + x – 8)6
(i) (bc + ca  ab)8 ds izlkj esa a5 b4 c7 dk xq.kkad Kkr djksA
(ii) (9x2 + x – 8)6 ds izlkj esa x dh fo"ke ?kkrksa ds xq.kkadks dk ;ksxQy gSA
Ans. (i) 280 (ii) 25
Sol. (i) (bc + ca  ab) 8

8 !
bc r1 car2 abr3
r1 ! r2 ! r3 !
r2  r3  5 

r1  r3  4   r2  4, r1  3, r3  1
r2  r1  7 

8!
or ;k = 280
4!3!1!
(ii) (9x2 + x – 8)6 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ..... a12x12
26 = a0 + a1 + ..... + a12 (x = 1)
0 = a0 – a1 + .......+ a12 (x = – 1)
 a1 + a3 + ....... + a11 = 25

D-5. Find the coefficient of x7 in (1 – 2x + x3)5 .

(1 – 2x + x3)5 esa x7 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 20
Sol. Co-efficient of x7 in (1 – 2x + x3)5 ds izlkj esa x7 dk xq.kkad gS
n !
= (1)r1 ( 2x)r2 (x3 )r3 = r2 + 3r3 = 7 & r1, r2, r3  5
r1 !r2 !r3 !
5! 5!
(i) r2 = 4, r3 = 1, r1 = 0 (ii) r2 = 1, r3 = 2, r1 = 2 = (2)4 + × (– 2)1 = 20
4!1! 2!2!1!

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n

[k.M (A) : O;kid in ,oa (ax +b)n esa xk dk xq.kkad
2m 1
x y
A-1. The (m + 1)th term of    is:
y x
(A) independent of x (B) a constant
(C*) depends on the ratio x/y and m (D) none of these
2m  1
x y
   dk (m + 1)ok¡ in
y x
(A) x ij fuHkZj ugha gSA (B) vpj gSA
(C) vuqikr x/y vkSj m ij fuHkZj gSA (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
m 1 m
2m  1 x y 2m  1 x
Sol. Cm   x = Cm  
y   y

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ADVBT - 13
Binomial Theorem

x
Dependent upon the ratio and m. vuqikr x/y vkSj m ij fuHkZj gSA
y
A-2. The total number of distinct terms in the expansion of, (x + a)100 + (x  a)100 after simplification is :
(A) 50 (B) 202 (C*) 51 (D) none of these
(x + a)100 + (x  a)100 ds izlkj esa ljy djus ds ckn fHkUu&fHkUu inksa dh dqy la[;k gS :
(A) 50 (B) 202 (C) 51 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. (x + a)100 + (x – a)100
=2  100
C0 x100 100 C2 x98a2  .... 100 C100 a100 
Number of terms = 51 terms ¼inksa dh la[;k = 51 in½
183  73  3 . 18 . 7. 25
A-3. The value of, is :
36  6. 243. 2  15 . 81. 4  20. 27. 8  15. 9 . 16  6.3. 32  64
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none
18  7  3 . 18 . 7. 25
3 3
dk eku gS –
3  6. 243. 2  15 . 81. 4  20. 27. 8  15. 9 . 16  6.3. 32  64
6

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

18  7  3
25 3
Sol.  1
 3  2 6 56
15
 17 
A-4. In the expansion of ,  3  3 2 the 11th term is a:
 4 
 
(A) positive integer (B*) positive irrational number
(C) negative integer (D) negative irrational number.
15
 17 
 3   3 2  ds izlkj esa 11ok¡ in gS –

 4 
(A) /kukRed iw.kk±d (B) /kukRed vifjes; la[;k
(C) _.kkRed iw.kk±d (D) _.kkRed vifjes; la[;k
10
 17   17 
5
Sol. T11 = C10 (3)
15 5
   3 2  = 15C10(3)5 

 3 2  = a positive irrational number
 4   4 
10
 17   17 
5
Hindi T11 = C10 (3)  
15 5
 3 2 = C10(3) 
15
 3 2  = /kukRed vifjes; la[;k
5
 4   4 
 
n
 a  n
C3
A-5. If the second term of the expansion a1/ 13   is 14a5/2, then the value of n
is:
 a1  C2
n
 1/ 13 a  n
C3
;fn a   ds izlkj esa f}rh; in 14a5/2 gS] rks n
dk eku gS&
 a1  C2
(A*) 4 (B) 3 (C) 12 (D) 6
n
C3
Sol. T2 = nC1 (a1/13)n–1 (a3/2) = 14a5/2  n = 14   n
=4
C2

A-6. In the expansion of (71/3 + 111/9)6561, the number of terms free from radicals is:
(71/3 + 111/9)6561 ds izlkj esa dj.kh fpUg (radical sign) ls jfgr inksa dh la[;k gS –
(A*) 730 (B) 729 (C) 725 (D) 750

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ADVBT - 14
Binomial Theorem

6561r
Sol. Tr+1 = 6561Cr  7  3 (111/9)r
Here r should be multiple of 9
r = 0, 9,18...............6561
Number of terms = 730
6561r
Hindi Tr+1 = 6561Cr  7  3 (111/9)r
;gk¡ r, 9 dk xq.kt gksuk pkfg,
r = 0, 9,18...............6561
inksa dh la[;k = 730

A-7. The value of m, for which the coefficients of the (2m + 1)th and (4m + 5)th terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)10 are equal, is
(1 + x)10 ds izlkj esa (2m + 1)osa ,oa (4m + 5)osa inksa ds xq.kkad leku gSa] rks m dk eku gS&
(A) 3 (B*) 1 (C) 5 (D) 8
T2m1 10 C2m 
Sol.  equal cjkcj gSA
T4m5 10 C4m 4 
2m + 4m + 4 = 10  6m + 4 = 10
m=1
8
 1
A-8. The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1  2 x3 + 3 x5)  1   is :
 x
8
 1
(1  2 x3 + 3 x5)  1   ds izlkj esa x dk xq.kkad gS&
 x
(A) 56 (B) 65 (C*) 154 (D) 62
8
 1
Sol. (1 – 2x3 + 3x5)  1  
 x
Co-efficient of x ¼x dk xq.kkad½ = –2. 8C2 + 3.8 C4 = 154

A-9. Given that the term of the expansion (x1/3  x1/2)15 which does not contain x is 5 m, where m N,then m=
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C*) 1001 (D) 1002
;fn (x1/3  x1/2)15 ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in 5 m ds cjkcj gS] tgk¡ m  N, rks m =
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C) 1001 (D) 1002
Sol. (x1/3 – x–1/2 )15
 5–r 
 
Tr+1 = Cr
15
x 3  (–x–1/2)r
15 – r r
For constant term – = 0 r = 6
3 2
Co-efficient of x0 = 15C6 = 5 m   m = 1001
Hindi. (x1/3 – x–1/2 )15
 5–r 
 
Tr+1 = 15Cr x 3 
(–x–1/2)r
15 – r r
vpj in ds fy;s – = 0 r = 6
3 2
x0 dk xq.kkad = 15C6 = 5 m   m = 1001

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ADVBT - 15
Binomial Theorem

4 3
 1  1
A-10. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x    x  x  is:
 x   
4 3
 1  1
 x  x   x  x  ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in gSa&
   
(A)  3 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3
3
 1  2 1   1 3
 x  x   x – 2  =  x  x  ( C0 x – C1 x + C2 x – C3 x )
–2 –6
Sol. 6 3 2 3 3

  x   
There is no term independent of x ;gk¡ dksbZ Hkh in x ls Lora=k ugha gSA

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

[k.M (B) : e?; in] 'ks"kQy vkSj la[;kRed@chtxf.krh; egÙke in
8
k 
B-1. If k  R+ and the middle term of   2  is 1120, then value of k is:
 2 
(A) 3 (B*) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
8
;fn k  R+ vkSj   2  dk e/; in 1120 gS] rks k dk eku gksxk :
k
2 
(A) 3 (B*) 2 (C) 1 (D) 4
Sol. middle term = T5
T5 = T4 + 1 = 8C4 . k4 = 1120  k=2
Hindi. e/; in = T5
T5 = T4 + 1 = 8C4 . k4 = 1120  k=2

B-2. The remainder when 22003 is divided by 17 is :

;fn 22003 dks 17 ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] rks 'ks"kQy gksxk &
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 8 (D) 7
Sol. 22003 = 8.(16)500
= 8 (17–1)500  Remainder 'ks"kQy = 8
B-3. The last two digits of the number 3400 are:
la[;k 3400 ds vfUre nks vad gS :
(A) 81 (B) 43 (C) 29 (D*) 01
Sol. (81) 100
= (80 + 1) 100
= 100
C0 (80) 100
+ ........ + 100
C99 (80) + 1
1

Last two digits vfUre nks vad = 01

B-4. The last three digits in 10 ! are :

10 ! ds eku esa vfUre rhu vad gS –
(A*) 800 (B) 700 (C) 500 (D) 600
Sol. Last two digits in 10! are 00 and third digit = 8
Hindi 10! ds eku esa vfUre nks vad 00 gS rFkk rhljk vad = 8
10 n


Cr
B-5. The value of r . n
is equal to
r 1 Cr 1
10 n


Cr
r . n
dk eku cjkcj gS&
r 1 Cr 1
(A*) 5 (2n – 9) (B) 10 n (C) 9 (n – 4) (D) n –2

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ADVBT - 16
Binomial Theorem

10 10
n
10  11
  n – r  1 = (n + 1) × 10 –
Cr
Sol. r. n
= = 10n – 45
r 1 Cr –1 r 1
2
n 1 n


Cr
B-6. =
r 0
n
Cr  nCr  1
n n 1 n n (n  1)
(A*) (B) (C) (n + 1) (D)
2 2 2 2 (n  1)
n–1 n n–1
r 1 n  n  1 n
 
Cr 1 1
Sol. = = [1 + 2 + .........+n] = × =
r 0
n
Cr  Cr 1
n
r 0
n 1 n 1 n 1 2 2

B-7. Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 3 x)9, when x = 3/2.
(2 + 3 x)9 ds izlkj esa x = 3/2 ds fy, egÙke la[;kRed eku okyk in gS &
(A*) 9C6. 29. (3/2)12 (B) 9C3. 29. (3/2)6 (C) 9C5. 29. (3/2)10 (D) 9C4. 29. (3/2)8
   
 n 1   9 1 
Sol. For numerically greatest term r =  =   r=6
 x   4 
1  a  1  9 
   
6
9
Numerically greatest term Tr+1 = 9 C6 (2)3  
2
   
 n 1   9 1 
Hindi. egÙke la[;kRed eku okys in ds fy;s r =  =   r=6
 x   4 
1  a  1  9 
   
6
9
egÙke la[;kRed in Tr+1 = 9 C6 (2)3  
2  

B-8. The greatest integer less than or equal to ( 2 + 1)6 is

( 2 + 1)6 ls de ;k cjkcj egÙke iw.kkZad gS&
(A) 196 (B*) 197 (C) 198 (D) 199
Sol. T22 is the numerically greatest term. T22 la[;kRed egÙke in gSA
( 2 + 1)6 = + f
( 2 – 1)6 = f
_________________
2[6C0 + 6C2 . 2 + 6C4 (2)2 + ........] =  + f + f
f + f = 1 or f = 1 – f
 = 2 [6 C0 + 6 C2 .2 + 6 C4 .4 + 6 C6.8] –1
 = 2 [1 + 30 + 60 + 8] – 1 = 197

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ADVBT - 17
 Binomial Theorem

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial
coefficients
[k.M (C) : Js.kh dk ;ksx] pj Åijh lwpdkad ,oa f}in xq.kkadks dk xq.ku
11 11 11 11
C0 C1 C2 C10
C-1.    ......  =
1 2 3 11
211  1 211  1 311  1 311  1
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
11 6 11 6
11 11
C0 11C1 11C2 C10
Sol.    ...... 
1 2 3 11
 12 11 12 11 12 11 12 11  1  12
=  · C0  · C1  · C2  .....  · C10  = C1 12 C2 12 C3  ....... 12 C11 
 1 2 3 11  12  

1 211 – 1
= (212 – 2) =
12 6

C0 C C C Cn
C-2. The value of – 1 + 2 – 3 +.......... + (–1)n is :
1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 (n  1) . 3
3 n 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none of these
n 1 3 3(n  1)
C0 C1 C2 C3 C
– + – +.......... + (–1)n n
dk eku gksxk&
1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 (n  1) . 3
3 n 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
n 1 3 3(n  1)

 C 
1 1

 1– x  dx  – C1x  C2 x 2 – C3 x 3  ...   –1 Cn xn dx

n n
Sol. 0
0 0

1  C C n Cn 
 = C0 – 1  2 – .............   –1 
n 1  2 3 n  1

1  1  1  C C n Cn 
     C0 – 1  2 – .......................   –1 
3  n  1  3  2 3 n  1
5
C-3. The value of the expression 47C4 + 
j1
52  j
C3 is equal to :

5
O;atd 47
C4 + 
j1
C3 dk
52  j
eku cjkcj gS&

(A) 47C5 (B) 52C5 (C*) 52C4 (D) 49C4

Sol. 47
C4 + 51C3 + 50C3 + 49C3 + 48C3 + 47C3 = 52C4

 50   50   50   50   50   50  n
C-4. The value of     +     +...........+     is, where Cr =  
n

0  1  1 2  49   50  r 
 50   50   50   50   50   50 
    +    +...........+     dk eku gksxk] tgk¡ Cr =
n

0  1  1  2   
49 50
2
 100   100   50   50 
(A)   (B*)   (C)   (D)  
 50   51   25   25 
Sol. 50
C0 × 50C1 + 50C1 × 50C2 + ...........+ 50C49 × 50
C50

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ADVBT - 18
Binomial Theorem

= 50C0 × 50C49 + 50C1 × 50C48 + ...........+ 50C49 × 50C0

= co-eff. of x49 in (1 + x)100 = 100C49
Hindi 50
C0 × 50C1 + 50C1 × 50C2 + ...........+ 50C49 × 50C50
= 50C0 × 50C49 + 50C1 × 50C48 + ...........+ 50C49 × 50C0
= (1 + x)100 esa x49 dk xq.kkad = 100C49

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

[k.M (D) : _.kkRed o fHké ?kkrkad] cgqinh; çes;
D-1. If x < 1, then the co-efficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3 +.......)2 is
;fn x < 1, rks (1 + x + x2 + x3 +.......)2 ds izlkj esa xn dk xq.kkad gS &
(A) n (B) n  1 (C) n + 2 (D*) n + 1
Sol. Co-efficient of xn in (1 – x) – 2 = 2 + n –1C1 = n + 1
Hindi. (1 – x) – 2 ds izlkj esa xn dk xq.kkad = 2 + n –1C1 = n + 1

D-2. The coefficient of x4 in the expansion of (1  x + 2x2)12 is:

(1  x + 2x2)12 ds izlkj esa x4 dk xq.kkad gS –
(A) 12C3 (B) 13C3 (C) 14C4 (D*) 12C3+ 3 13C3 + 14C4
Sol. (1 – x + 2x2)12

 
r3
12 !
General term = 1 r1
 –x  2 2x2
r
r1 ! r2 ! r3 !
r2 + 2r3 = 4   r3 = 0, r2 = 4,r1 = 8
r3 = 1, r2 = 2, r1 = 9
r3 = 2, r2 = 0, r1 = 10
12 ! 12 ! 12 !
Co-efficient of x4 = + (2)2 + × (2)
4 ! 8 ! 2 ! 10 ! 2 ! 9 !
= 12 C8 + 4. 12 C10 + 6 . 12 C9
= 12C3 + 3 . 13
C3 + 14 C4 (after solving)
Hindi. (1 – x + 2x2)12

 2x 
r3
12 !
O;kid in = 1 r1
 –x r 2 2
r1 ! r2 ! r3 !

r2 + 2r3 = 4   r3 = 0, r2 = 4,r1 = 8
r3 = 1, r2 = 2, r1 = 9
r3 = 2, r2 = 0, r1 = 10
12 ! 12 ! 12 !
x4 dk xq.kkad = + (2)2 + × (2)
4 ! 8 ! 2 ! 10 ! 2 ! 9 !
= 12 C8 + 4. 12 C10 + 6 . 12 C9 = 12C3 + 3 . 13
C3 + 14 C4 gy djus ij
D-3. If (1 + x)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......+ a10x10, then value of
(a0 – a2 + a4 – a6 + a8 – a10)2 + (a1 – a3 + a5 – a7 + a9)2 is
(A*) 210 (B) 2 (C) 220 (D) None of these
;fn (1 + x) = a0 + a1x + a2x +......+ a10x gks] rks (a0 – a2 + a4 – a6 + a8 – a10)2 + (a1 – a3 + a5 – a7 + a9)2
10 2 10

dk eku gS&
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ADVBT - 19
Binomial Theorem

(A) 210 (B) 2 (C) 220 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

Sol. (1 + x) = a0 + a1 + a2x +...... + a10x
10 2 10

Put x = i,
(1 + i)10 = a0 – a2 + a4 + ....+ a10 + i (a1 – a3 + .....+ a9 )
a0 – a2 + a4 + ....+ a10 = real part of (1 + i)10 = 25cos10/4
a1 – a3 + ....... = imaginary part of (1 + i)10 = 25 sin10/4 ....(2)
(1)2 + (2)2 = 210
Hindi. (1 + x)10 = a0 + a1 + a2x2 +...... + a10x10
x = i j[kus ij
(1 + i) = a0 – a2 + a4 + ....+ a10 + i (a1 – a3 + .....+ a9 )
10

a0 – a2 + a4 + ....+ a10 = (1 + i)10 dk okLrfod Hkkx = 25cos10/4

a1 – a3 + ....... = (1 + i)10 dk dkYifud Hkkx = 25 sin10/4 ....(2)
(1)2 + (2)2 = 210

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Column – I Column – II

(A) If (r + 1)th term is the first negative term in the expansion (p) divisible by 2
of (1 + x)7/2 , then the value of r (where 0 < x < 1) is

(B) If the sum of the co-efficients in the expansion of (q) divisible by 5

(1 + 2x)n is 6561, and Tr is the greatest term
in the expansion for x = 1/2 then r is

(C) n
Cr is divisible by n, (1 < r < n) if n is (r) divisible by 10

(D) The coefficient of x4 in the expression (s) a prime number

(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ......up to )1/2 is c, (c  N),
then c + 1 (where | x | < 1) is

Ans. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (q,s), (C)  (s), (D)  (p, s)
LrEHk – I LrEHk – II
(A) ;fn (1 + x)7/2 ds izlkj esa (r + 1)ok¡ in izFke _.kkRed in gS] rks (p) 2 ls foHkkftr gS
r dk eku gS & (tgk¡ 0 < x < 1)

(B) ;fn (1 + 2x)n ds izlkj esa xq.kkadks dk ;ksxQy 6561, (q) 5 ls foHkkftr gS
vkSj x = 1/2 ds fy, Tr vf/kdre in gS rc r gSA
(C) n
Cr, (1 < r < n), n ls foHkkftr gksxk ;fn n gS] (r) 10 ls foHkkftr gS

(D) O;atd (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...... vuUr inksa rd)1/2 esa x4 dk xq.kkad (s) ,d vHkkT; la[;k
c, (c  N) gS] rks c + 1 gS & (tgk¡ | x | < 1)

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ADVBT - 20
Binomial Theorem

7 7  7  7 
1  2  .....   r  1 x r
2  2   2   2 
Sol. (A) We have, Tr + 1 =
r !
7 9
This will be the first negative term when –r+1<0 i.e. r >
2 2
Hence r = 5.

(B) 3n = 6561 (put x = 1)  n=8

Tr 1 8  r  1 9
= >1  8–r+1>r  r<  r=4 (5th term is greatest)
Tr r 2

(C) Obviously a prime number.

(D) We have : (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .......)1/2

= [(1 – x)–2]1/2 = (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + ...... + xn + ......
Hence, coefficient of x4 = 1  c = 1, hence c + 1 = 2
7 7  7   7 
1  2  .....   r  1 x r
2  2   2   2 
Hindi (A) pw¡fd Tr + 1 =
r !
7 9
;g izFke _.kkRed in gksxk ;fn –r+1<0 i.e. r >
2 2
vr% r = 5.
(B) 3n = 6561 (x = 1 j[kus ij)  n=8
Tr 1 8  r  1
= >1  8–r+1>r  r<  r=4 (5th in egÙke gSA)
Tr r

(C) Li"Vr;k% ,d vHkkT; la[;kA

(D) (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .......)1/2

= [(1 – x)–2]1/2 = (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x2 + ...... + xn + ......
vr% x4 dk xq.kkad = 1  c = 1, vr% c + 1 = 2

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ADVBT - 21
Binomial Theorem

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1. In the expansion of
21
 a b 
 3 3  , the term containing same powers of a & b is
 b a 

(A) 11th term (B*) 13th term (C) 12th term (D) 6th term
21
 a b 
 3 3  , ds foLrkj esa a vkSj b dh leku ?kkrksa dk in gS &
 b a 
(A) 11th oka in (B*) 13th oka in (C) 12th oka in (D) 6th oka in
21r r
a 3  b 3
Sol. Tr 1  21
Cr    
b  a
21r r r 21r
 
21 Cr . a 3 6 b3 3

423r 2r 21
 21Cr . a 6 . b 3

14 r 2r 21
21 Cr . a 2 . b 3

14  r 2r  21

2 3
42 – 3r = 4r – 42
2r = 84
r = 12  T13 term (T13oka in½

2. Consider the following statements :

S1 : Number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x3)n is 3n + 1
S2 : (1 + x) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x + x2 + x3)...... (1 + x + x2 +...... + x100) when written in the ascending
power of x then the highest exponent of x is 5000.
nr
S3 : 
k 1
n  kC
r = nCr+1

3n  1
S4 : If (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2 x2 + ...... + a2n x2n, then a0 + a2 + a4 + ....... + a2n =
2
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
ekuk fd fuEu dFku gS &
S1 : (1 + x + x2 + x3)n ds izlkj esa vleku inksa dh la[;k 3n + 1 gSA
S2 : (1 + x) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x + x2 + x3)...... (1 + x + x2 +...... + x100) dks ;fn x dh c<+rh gqbZ ?kkrksa ds Øe
esa fy[kk tkrk gS] rks x dh vf/kdre ?kkr 5000 gksxh &

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ADVBT - 1
Binomial Theorem
nr
S3 : 
k 1
n  kC
r = nCr+1

3n  1
S4 : ;fn (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2 x2 + ...... + a2n x2n, rks a0 + a2 + a4 + ....... + a2n =
2
S1, S2, S3, S4 ds lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) gksus dk lgh Øe gS &

(A*) TFTF (B) TTTT (C) FFFF (D) FTFT

Sol. S1 : Number of dissimilar terms will be same as in (1 + x)3n i.e. 3n + 1

S2 : (1 + x) (1 + x + x2)...... + (1 + x + ..... + x100)

Highest exponent of x = 1 + 2 + ............+ 100
= 5050
Hindi. (1 + x) (1 + x + x2)...... + (1 + x + ..... + x100)
x dh vf/kdre ?kkr = 1 + 2 + ............+ 100
= 5050
nr
S3 : 
k 1
n  kC
r = xCy  xCy = n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .......... rCr

xC = co-efficient of xr in ((1+x)r +...+(1+x)n–1)

 y

 (1  x)nr  1
= co-efficient of xr in (1+x)r   = co-efficient of xr+1 in (1+x)n = nCr+1
 x 
nr
Hindi 
k 1
n  kC
r = xCy  xCy = n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .......... rCr

 xCy = ((1+x)r +...+(1+x)n–1) esa xr dk xq.kkad

 (1  x)nr  1
= (1+x)r   esa xr dk xq.kkad = (1+x)n esa xr+1 dk xq.kkad = nCr+1
 x 
S4 : (1 + x + x ) = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ........+ a2nx2n
2 n

put x = 1 j[kus ij
3 = a0 + a1 + a2 +.......+ a2n
n
....(i)
x=–1
1 = a0 – a1 + a2 + ......+ a2n ....(ii)
adding (i) & (ii) (i) rFkk (ii) dks tksM+us ij
3 1
n
= a0 + a2 + ......+ a2n.
2
n
Cr  4 nCr 1  6 nCr 2  4 nCr 3  nCr  4 nk
3. .If  then the value of k is :
n
Cr  3 nCr 1  3 nCr 2  nCr 3 r k
n
Cr  4 nCr 1  6 nCr 2  4 nCr 3  nCr  4 nk
;fn  gks rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Cr  3 Cr 1  3 Cr 2  Cr 3
n n n n r k

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 5

Sol. Numerator = nCr + nCr+1 + 3(nCr+1 + nCr+2) + 3(nCr+2 + nCr+3) + nCr+3 + nCr+4
= n+1Cr+1 + 3 n+1Cr+2 + 3 n+1Cr+3 + n+1Cr+4
= n+1Cr+1 + n+1Cr+2 + 2(n+1Cr+2 + n+1Cr+3) + n+1Cr+3 + n+1Cr+4
= n+2Cr+2 + 2 n+2Cr+3 + n+2Cr+4

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ADVBT - 2
Binomial Theorem
= n+2Cr+2 + n+2Cr+3 + n+2Cr+4 + n+2Cr+3
= n+3Cr+3 + n+3Cr+4 = n+4Cr+4
Denominator = nCr + nCr+1 + 2 (nCr+1 + nCr+2) + (nCr+2 + nCr+3)
= n+1Cr+1 + 2 n+1Cr+2 + n+1Cr+3
= n+1Cr+1 + n+1Cr+2 + n+1Cr+2 + n+1Cr+3
= n+2Cr+2 + n+2Cr+3 = n+3Cr+3
n 4
Cr  4 (n  4)!(r  3)!(n  r)! n  4
 The expression is equal to : n 3
= 
Cr 3 (r  4)!(n  r)!(n  3)! r  4
 k=4

4. The co-efficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x)21 + (1 + x)22 +....... + (1 + x)30 is :

(1 + x)21 + (1 + x)22 +....... + (1 + x)30 ds izlkj esa x5 dk xq.kkad gS :
(A) 51C5 (B) 9C5 (C*) 31C6  21C6 (D) 30C5 + 20C5
 (1  x)10  1 (1  x)31  (1  x)21
Sol. (1 + x)21 [1 + (1 + x) + ...... (1 + x)9] = (1 + x)21  =
 x  x
Coefficient of x = C6 – C6
5 31 21

x5 dk xq.kkad = 31C6 – 21C6

100
5. The coefficient of x52 in the expansion 
m0
100
Cm (x – 3)100–m. 2m is :

100


m0
100
Cm (x – 3)100–m. 2m ds izlkj esa x52 dk xq.kkad gS &

(A) 100C47 (B*) 100C48 (C) –100C52 (D) –100C100

100
Sol. S= 
m0
100
Cm (x  3)100m 2m

S = C0 (x – 3)100 + 100C1 (x – 3)99 . 2 + ...... + 100C100 . 2100

100

S = (2 + (x – 3))100 = (x – 1)100
Co-efficient of x52 = 100C52 = 100C48
x52 dk xq.kkad = 100C52 = 100C48

 
40
6. The sum of the coefficients of all the integral powers of x in the expansion of 1  2 x is :

1  2 x 
40
ds izlkj esa x dh lHkh iw.kk±d ?kkrksa ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksxQy gS –
1 40 1 40
(A) 340 + 1 (B) 340 – 1 (C) (3 – 1) (D*) (3 + 1)
2 2
1  2 x 
40
Sol. = 40C0 + 40C1 2 x +.....+ 40C40 (2 x )40

(1  2 x )40 = 40C0 – 40C1 2 x +......+ 40C40 (2 x )40

(1  2 x )40 + (1  2 x )40 = 2 [40C0 + 40C2 (2 x ) 2 +......+ 40C40 (2 x )40 ]
Putting x = 1 j[kus ij
340  1
40
C0 + 40
C2(2)2 +.......+ 40C40 (2)40 =
2
n
(1  r n10)
7. (1)
r 0
r n
Cr .
(1  n10n )r


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ADVBT - 3
Binomial Theorem
n
(1  r n10)
(1)
r 0
r n
Cr .
(1  n10n )r
dk eku gS&

(A*) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) None of these ¼buesa ls dksbZ½

n n

(1) (1) r. C
1 n10
Sol. r n
Cr .  r n
r
r 0 (1  n n10) r
r 0 (1  n n10)r
n n
 

1 n 1 1
= 1    n n10 ( 1)
r
Cr 1
 1  n n10  r 1 (1  n n10)r
n n r 1
 n 10   1 

n 10
=    1  10 ( 1)r 1 n 1
Cr 1  
 1  n 10  r 1  n n10 
n n 1
 n 10  n 10  1 
=     1 
 1  n 10  1  n 10  1  n 10 
(n 10)n1
n
 n 10  n 10
=     0
 1  n10  1  n 10 (1  n 10)n1

10
 
 x 1 x 1 
8. The coefficient of the term independent of x in the expansion of  2 1
 1  is :
 3 
 x  x 1 x  x
3 2 
10
 
 x 1 x 1 
 2 1
 1  ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in dk xq.kkad gS &
 3 
 x  x3  1 x  x2 
(A) 70 (B) 112 (C) 105 (D*) 210
10
  10
 x 1 x 1   1/ 3 1 
Sol.  2 1
 1 
=  x  1  1  
 3   x
 x  x 1
3 x  x 2 
r
 1 

1/3 10 – r
Tr + 1 = Cr(x ) 
10

 x
10  r r
For independent term  0 r=4
3 2
Coefficient of the term independent of x = 10C4
10
  10
 x 1 x 1   1/ 3 1 
Hindi.  2 1
 1  =  x  1 1 x 
 3   
 x  x3  1 x  x2 
r
 1 
Tr + 1 = 10Cr(x1/3)10 – r   
 x
10  r r
LorU=k in gsrq  0 r=4
3 2
x ls LorU=k in dk xq.kkad = 10C4

9. Coefficient of xn  1 in the expansion of, (x + 3)n + (x + 3)n  1 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n  2 (x + 2)2 +..... + (x + 2)n
is :
(x + 3)n + (x + 3)n  1 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n  2 (x + 2)2 +..... + (x + 2)n ds izlkj esa xn  1 dk xq.kkad gS &
(A) n+1C2(3) (B) n1C2(5) (C*) n+1C2(5) (D) nC2(5)
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ADVBT - 4
Binomial Theorem

  x  2 n1 
 1   
Sol. (x + 3)n + (x + 3)n–1 (x + 2) + ...... + (x + 2)n = (x + 3)n   x  3   = [(x + 3)n+1 – (x + 2)n+1]
x2 
 1 
 x3 
 
Coefficient of xn–1 dk xq.kkad = n+1Cn–1 (3)2 – n+1Cn–1 × 4

10. Let f(n) = 10n + 3.4n +2 + 5, n  N. The greatest value of the integer which divides f(n) for all n is :
(A) 27 (B*) 9 (C) 3 (D) None of these
ekuk f(n) = 10n + 3.4n +2 + 5, n  N rc og vf/kdre iw.kk±d tks f(n) dks n ds izR;sd eku ds fy, foHkkftr djrk
gS&
(A) 27 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. f(n) = 10n + 3.4n+2 + 5
put n = 1
f(1) = 10 + 192 + 5 = 207 this is divisible by 3 and 9
f(1) = 10 + 192 + 5 = 207 ;g 3 rFkk 9 nksuksa ls HkkT; gSA
n n
(101)100
 
ar
11. If (1 + x)n = ar xr and br = 1 + and br = , then n equals to :
r 0
ar 1 r 1
100 !
(A) 99 (B*) 100 (C) 101 (D) 102
n n 100

 
a (101)
;fn (1 + x)n = ar xr vkSj br = 1 + r vkSj br = , rks n cjkcj gS :
r 0
ar 1 r 1
100 !
(A) 99 (B) 100 (C) 101 (D) 102
n
Sol. (1 + x)n = 
r 0
ar xr = a0 + a1x + .......+ anxn

ar n  r 1 n 1
br = 1 +  1 
ar 1 r r
n
(n  1)n (101)100
b
n1
r  b1b2 ........bn 
1. 2.3......n

100!
n = 100

 
6
12. Number of rational terms in the expansion of 1  2  5 is :

1 
6
2 5 ds foLrkj esa ifjesa; inksa dh la[‘;k gS &
(A) 7 (B*) 10 (C) 6 (D) 8
Sol. General term is = O;kid in
2 r 3 r
6! 6!
 (1)r1 ( 2)r2 ( 5 )r3  (2) 2 (2) 2 where tgk¡ r1 + r2 + r3 = 6
r1 ! r2 ! r3 ! r1 ! r2 ! r3 !

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ADVBT - 5
Binomial Theorem
r1 r2 r3 r1 r2 r3
2 4 0 2 4 0
4 2 0 4 2 0
0 4 2 0 4 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 0 2 4 0 2
0 2 4 0 2 4
2 0 4 2 0 4
0 0 6 0 0 6
0 6 0 0 6 0
6 0 0 6 0 0
10 terms are possible 10 in laHko gSA

13. If S 404 C4 4 C1.303 C4 4 C2 .202 C4 4 C3 .101C4  (101)k then k equals to :

;fn S 404 C4 4 C1.303 C4 4 C2.202 C4 4 C3 .101C4  (101)k rc k dk eku gS&
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 6
Sol. S = coeff. of x4 in S = x4 esa dk xq.kkad

       

4 3 2 1
  4 C0 . (1  x)101  4C1 (1  x)101  4 C2 (1  x)101 4 C3 (1  x)101  4 C4   4C4
 

 
4
 (1  x)101  1  1
= (1 + 101C1 x + 101C2 x2 + 101C3 x3 + 101C4 x4 + ......... – 1)4 – 1

 C  1
4
 x4 101
1
101
C2 x 101 C3 x2  ....

101 (  ....)  1
4
 x4 101
C2 x 101 C3 x2

 1014
k=4

   
2 2 2 2 2
14. 10
C0 10 C1 10 C2  ....  10
C9 10
C10 =

(B)  C 
2
(A) 0 10
5 (C*) –10C5 (D) 2 9C5

Sol. (1  x)10 10 C0 10 C1x 10 C2 x2  ...  10 C9 x9  10C10 x10

(x  1)10 10 C0 x10 10 C1x9 10 C2 x8  ... 10 C9 .x  10 C10

 
10
S = coff. of x10 in x 2  1
= –10C5

n
15. The sum 
r 0
(r + 1) Cr2 is equal to :

n
;ksxQy 
r 0
(r + 1) Cr2 cjkcj gS –

n  2   2n  1 ! n  2   2n  1 ! n  2   2n  1 ! n  2   2n  1 !
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
n ! n  1 ! n ! n  1 ! n ! n  1 ! n ! n  1 !
Sol.  (1+x)n = C0 + C1x +............+ Cnxn
Multiply by x & then differentiate
(1+x)n + x. n(1+x)n–1 = C0 + 2C1x +............+ (n+1)Cnxn ..................(i)
and (x+1)n = C0xn + C1xn–1 +............+ Cn ..........(ii)
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ADVBT - 6
Binomial Theorem
Multiply (i) & (ii) & equate the coefficient of xn on
both side
(2n) ! (2n – 1) ! (2n – 1) !
C02 + 2C12 + ........+ (n + 1) Cn2 = 2nCn + n. 2n–1Cn–1 = n = (n  2)
(n!) 2 n!(n – 1)! n!(n – 1)!
Hindi  (1+x) = C0 + C1x +............+ Cnx
n n

x ls xq.kk djds vodyu djus ij

(1+x)n + x. n(1+x)n–1 = C0 + 2C1x +............+ (n+1)Cnxn ..................(i)
rFkk (x+1)n = C0xn + C1xn–1 +............+ Cn ..........(ii)
(i) vkSj (ii) dk xq.kk djds nksuksa i{kksa esa xn ds xq.kkadksa dh rqyuk djus ij
(2n) ! (2n – 1) ! (2n – 1) !
C02 + 2C12 + ........+ (n + 1) Cn2 = 2nCn + n. 2n–1Cn–1 = n = (n  2)
(n!)2 n!(n – 1)! n!(n – 1)!

16. If (1 + x + x2 + x3)5 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +....................... + a15x15, then a10 equals to :

;fn (1 + x + x2 + x3)5 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +....................... + a15x15 gks] rks a10 =
(A) 99 (B*) 101 (C) 100 (D) 110
Sol. (x4 – 1)5 (x – 1)–5 = 5C0 (x – 1)–5 – 5C1 x4 (x – 1)–5 + 5C2 x8 (x – 1)–5 = 5C0 × 14C4 – 5C1 × 10C6 + 5C2 ×
6
C2 = 101
n n
n  2r
 
1
17. If an = n
, the value of n
is :
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr
n n
n  2r
;fn an =  n 
1
gks, rks n
dk eku gksxk &
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr
n 1
(A) a (B) a (C) nan (D*) 0
2 n 4 n
n n n
n  2r n  2(n  r)
  
1
Sol. an = n
; S= n
; S= n
; 2S = 0  S=0
r 0 Cr r 0 Cr r 0 Cr

18. The sum of: 3.nC0  8.nC1 + 13.nC2  18.nC3 +.... upto (n+1) terms is (n  2):
(A*) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none of these
3.nC0  8.nC1 + 13.nC2  18.nC3 +.... ds (n+1) inksa dk ;ksxQy gS (n  2) :
(A) 'kwU; (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. 3 . nC0 – 8 . nC1 + 13 . nC2 – 18 nC3 + .... up to (n + 1) terms
(1 + x5)n = C0 + C1x5 + C2x10 + ...... + Cnx5n
Multiplying by x3 and differentiating w.r.t. x
x3 . n(1 + x5)n–1 . 5x4 + 3x2 (1 + x5)n = 3C0 x2 + 8C1 x7 + 13C2 x12 + ...... + (5n + 3) Cn x5n+2
Now put x = – 1
3C0 – 8C1 + 13 C2 + ..........+ (n + 1) terms = 0
Hindi. 3 . nC0 – 8 . nC1 + 13 . nC2 – 18 nC3 + .... (n + 1) inksa rd
(1 + x5)n = C0 + C1x5 + C2x10 + ...... + Cnx5n
x3 ls xq.kk djds x ds lkis{k xq.kk djus ij
x3 . n(1 + x5)n–1 . 5x4 + 3x2 (1 + x5)n = 3C0 x2 + 8C1 x7 + 13C2 x12 + ...... + (5n + 3) Cn x5n+2
vc x = –1 j[kus ij
3C0 – 8C1 + 13 C2 + ..........+ (n + 1) inksa rd = 0

n1  3
 n


4 Cr
19. If ;fn  n   then rc n =
r 0  Cr  Cr 1 
n 5

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ADVBT - 7
Binomial Theorem
(A*) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None of these buesa ls dksb ugha
3
 n! 
n 1 
r!(n  r!) 
n1  3 n 1
n   r 1
3

  
Cr 4 4 4
Sol.  n         n  1  5

r 0  Cr  Cr 1  r 0  
n
r 0  
5 (n 1)! 5
 (r  1)!(n  r)! 
 
1
 (13 + 23 + 33 + ......... + n3) = 4/5
(n  1)3
1 n2 (n  1)2 4
    5n2 – 16n – 16 = 0  n=4
(n+1)3 4 5
n
 1 
20. The number of terms in the expansion of  x 2  1  2  , n  N, is :
 x 
n
 2 1 
 x  1  2  , n  N ds izlkj esa inksa dh la[;k gS –
 x 
(A) 2n (B) 3n (C*) 2n + 1 (D) 3n + 1
n
 1
2   1  1
2n 2n  2
Sol.   x    1 = nC0  x   – nC1  x   + .... + nCn (–1)n
 x   x   x
 
Total number of terms = 2n + 1 dqy inksa dh la[;k = 2n + 1

21. Suppose

 n n 
 
 k 0
k 
k 0
n
Ck k 2 

det  0 {[BT-BC]-M-305}
 n n 
 
 nC k
k  n
Ck 3 k

k  0 k 0 

n n

 k  1 equals.
Ck
holds for some positive integer n. Then
k 0

ekukfd
fdlh /kukRed iw.kk±d n ds fy,

 n n 

 k 0
k  
k 0
n
Ck k 2 
 n n

 k  1 dk eku gS&
Ck
det    0 , rks
 n n  k 0

 
 nC k
k  n
Ck 3 k

k  0 k 0 

[JEE(Advanced) 2019, Paper-2 ,(4, –1)/62]

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ADVBT - 8
Binomial Theorem
Ans. (6.20) [Binomial Theorem_M]

n(n  1)
n 2n 1  n(n  1)2n  2
Sol. 2 0
n 2n 1 4n

n(n  1) n2 n2 (n  1)
  0
2 4 8

n=0 or 4(n + 1) – 2n – n(n – 1) = 0

4n + 4 – 2n – n2 + n = 0

3n – n2 + 4 = 0  n2 – 3n – 4 = 0

(n – 4)(n + 1) = 0

n=4
4 4
4 5
25  1 31
 
Cr Cr 1
 =  = 6.20
r 0
r 1 r 0
5 5 5

PART-II: NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS

Hkkx-II : la[;kRed iz'u (NUMERICAL VALUE QUESTIONS)

INSTRUCTION :
 The answer to each question is NUMERICAL VALUE with two digit integer and decimal upto two digit.
 If the numerical value has more than two decimal places truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal
placed.

funsZ'k :

 bl [k.M esa izR;sd iz'u dk mÙkj la[;kRed eku ds :i esa gS ftlesa nks iw.kk±d vad rFkk nks vad n'keyo ds ckn esa gSA
 ;fn la[;kRed eku esa nks ls vf/kd n’'keyo LFkku gS] rks la[;kRed eku dks n'keyo ds nks LFkkuksa rd VªadsV@jkmaM
vkWQ (truncate/round-off) djsaA

1 1 1 1 (210 – 1)
1. If    ......   then find the value of k.
1!10! 2!9! 3!8! 10!1! k 10!
1 1 1 1 (210 – 1)
;fn    ......   rc k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1!10! 2!9! 3!8! 10!1! k 10!
Ans. 05.50
1  11! 11! 11! 11!  1 11
Sol.     ......   = [ C1 + 11C2 + ......+ 11C10]
11! 1!10! 2!9! 3!10! 1!10!  11!

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ADVBT - 9
Binomial Theorem

1 2
= [211–2] = [210 – 1]  k = 11
11! 11!

8
 1 
2. If the 6th term in the expansion of  8 / 3  x 2 log10 x  is 5600, then x =
 x 
8
;fn  8 / 3  x2 log10 x  ds izlkj esa NBoka in 5600 gS] rks x =
1
x 
Ans. 10.00
3
 1  1
Sol. T6 = 8 C5  8 / 3  (x2 log10 x)5 = 5600  x10 (log10 x)5 = 100 x = 10
x  x8

10
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ADVBT - 10
Binomial Theorem
3. The number of values of ' x ' for which the fourth term in the expansion,
8
 2 log 4x  44 1 
 55 5   is 336, is :
 x 1 
5log5 2  7
3
 
8
 2 log 4x  44 1 
' x ' ds ekuksa dh la[;k gksxh ftlds fy, O;atd  5 5 5   esa pkSFkk in 336 gS &
 log5 3 2
x 1
7 
 5 
Ans. 02.00
3
 1 log5 (4x  44) 
5  
 1   1 
Sol. T 4 = C3  5 5
8 
 1 log (2x 1  7)    8
C3(4x + 44)  x 1  = 336
   3 5  2 7
  5 
4 x  44
 =6   4x + 44 = 3.2x + 42  (2x)2 – 3.2x + 2 = 0
2x 1  7
 (2x – 1)(2x – 2) = 0  x=0&1

4. If second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + a) n are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively,
then ratio of last term and first term is.
;fn (x + a)n ds foLrkj esa nqljk] rhljk vkSj pkSFkk in Øe'k% 240, 720 rFkk 1080 gS rc vfUre in rFkk izFke in
dk vuqikr gksxk &
Ans. 07.59
Sol. T2 = nC1 (x)n–1 . a = 240 .......(i)
T3 = nC2 (x)n–2 a2 = 720 .......(ii)
T4 = nC3 (x)n–3 a3 = 1080 .......(iii)
From (i) and (ii) (i) rFkk (ii) ls
n
C1(x)n1a 2x 240 1
Here ;gk¡ n2 2
= = =    6x = (n – 1)a
n
C2 x a (n  1)a 720 3
From (ii) and (iii) (ii) rFkk (iii) ls
9x = 2(n – 2) a
3 2(n  2)
On dividing Hkkx nsus ij =  3n – 3 = 4n – 8 n = 5
2 (n  1)
5 5
a 3
5
T6 C5 ( x )0 (a)5
hence = 5 5 0
=   =   = 07.59
T1 C0 x a x 2

4
P  Q
5. Let the co-efficients of xn in (1 + x)2n & (1 + x)2n  1 be P & Q respectively, then   =
 P 
4
P  Q
ekukfd (1 + x)2n ,oa (1 + x)2n  1 ds izlkj esa xn ds xq.kkad Øe'k% P ,oa Q gS] rks   =
 P 
Ans. 05.06
4
P  Q 1 81
Sol. P = 2n Cn and rFkk Q = 2n–1Cn   = 2 ;  1   = (1 + )4 =
Q  P  2 16

11
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ADVBT - 11
Binomial Theorem
n
 x 5x 
6. In the expansion of 3  3 4  , the sum of the binomial coefficients is 256 and four times the term
 4
 
 
with greatest binomial coefficient exceeds the square of the third term by 21n, then find x.
n
 x 5x 
 3 4  3 4  ds foLrkj esa f}in xq.kkdksa dk ;ksx 256 gS vkSj vf/kdre f}in xq.kkad dk pkj xquk] rhljs in ds
 
 
oxZ ls 21n, vf/kd gS rc x dk eku Kkr dhft,A

Ans. 00.50
Sol. 2n = 256 = 28
n=8
8
 x 5x 
3 4  3 4 
 
 
4 T5 = T3 + 21n
2

2
x
4  5x
4
x
6
5x
2 
4 × C4 ×
8
 34 
 C2  3
8
34 4  3 4   21n
 
 
1120 × 3x/4 = (28 × 3x)2 + 21n
1120 × 3x/4 = 282 × 32x + 21 × 8
1
 x
2
19
( 2)k
 k!(19  k)!  k 18!
1
7. If then find k.
k 1
19
( 2)k

1
;fn  gks rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
k 1
k!(19  k)! k 18!
Ans. 09.50
19


1
Sol. ( 2)k .19Ck
19! k 1
19


1
 ( 1)k .2k.19Ck
19! k 1
1  19
  C1.2 19 C2 .22 19 C3 .23  ... – 219.19 C19 
19!  
1  19
 C0 19 C1 19 C2 .22  ...219.19 C19  1
19!  


1
19!

(1  2)19  1 
2
19!


8. The value of p, for which coefficient of x50 in the expression

(1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x)999 + 3x² (1 + x)998 +..... + 1001 x1000 is equal to 1002Cp , is :
O;atd (1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x)999 + 3x² (1 + x)998 +..... + 1001 x1000 esa x50 dk xq.kkad 1002C
p gS] rks p dk eku
gS
Ans. 50.00
Sol. Co-efficient of x50 (x50 dk xq.kkad½
S = (1 + x)1000 + 2x(1 + x)999 + 3x2(1 + x)998 + ..... + 1001x1000 ....(i)

12
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ADVBT - 12
Binomial Theorem

xS 1001 x1001
= x(1 + x)999 + 2x2(1 + x)998.... + 1000x1000 + ....(ii)
1 x (1  x)
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
S 1001 x1001
= (1 + x)1000 + x(1 + x)999 + ....... + x1000 –
1 x 1 x
  x 1001 
1  
1  x  1001
= (1 + x)1000    – 1001 x
S

1 x  x  (1  x)
 1 
 1  x 
 S = (1 + x)1002 – x1001(1 + x) – 1001 x1001
Co-efficient of x50 = 1002c50 (x50 dk xq.kkad = 1002c50)

 31001  1
9. If { x } denotes the fractional part of ' x ', and   = then value of  is
 82  
 31001  1
;fn { x } , ' x ' ds fHkUukRed Hkkx dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] rFkk   = gks rks  dk eku gksxk &
 82  
Ans. 27.33
 3
1001 
  3.(82  1)250 
   3.[ 250 C0 (82)250 250 C1(82)249 ( 1)  ..... 250 C 250] 
  3
Sol.  =  =   =
 82  
 82 
 
 82 
 82
n
x 2
10. The index ' n ' of the binomial    if the only 9th term of the expansion has numerically the
 5 5 
T9
greatest coefficient (n  N) then find (where Tr denote coefficient of rth term from beginning in the
T8
expansion)
n
x 2 T
;fn    , (n  N) ds izlkj esa dsoy 9ok¡ in la[;kRed :i ls egÙke xq.kkad okyk in gks] rks 9 dk eku
5 5 T8
Kkr dhft, (tgk¡ Tr izlkj esa izkjEHk ls rosa in ds xq.kkad dks iznf'kZr djrk gS)
Ans. 01.25
   
 n 1   n 1 
Sol. For T9 to be the numerically greatest term, r =  =   =8
 x   1
1  a  1  2 
   
2(n  1)
 8< < 9  11 < n < 12.5  n = 12
3
4 8
12  1  2
C8    
then
T9
= 5 5 = 5
5 7
T8 12  1  2 4
C7    
5 5
   
 n 1   n 1  2(n  1)
Hindi. pw¡fd T9 la[;kRed :i ls egÙke in gS vr% r =  =   =8  8< <9
 x   1 3
1  a  1  2 
   
  11 < n < 12.5  n = 12

13
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ADVBT - 13
Binomial Theorem
4 8
12 1  2
C8    
rc
T9
= 5 5 = 5
5 7
T8 12  1  2 4
C7    
5 5

11. Sum of square of all possible values of ' r ' satisfying the equation,
39
C3r  1  39Cr2 = 39 Cr2  1  39C3r is :
lehdj.k 39
C3r  1  39Cr2 = 39 Cr2  1  39C3r dks larq"V djus okys ' r ' ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa ds oxksZ dk ;ksx
gksxk &
Ans. 34.00
Sol. 39
C3r  1 39 Cr 2 39 Cr 2 1 39 C3r
 39
C3r  1 39 C3r 39 Cr 2 1 39 Cr 2
 40C
3r = 40
Cr 2  (i) r2 = 3r r = 0, 3
(ii) r2 + 3r = 40 r = 5, –8
possible values are 3,5

12. Find the value of

6
C0. 12C6.– 6C1 11C6+ 6C2 10C6 – 6C3 . 9C6 + 6C4 . 8C6 – 6C5 . 7C6 + 6C6 . 6C6 dk eku Kkr dhft,
Ans. 01.00
Sol. Coeff of x6 : 6C0.(1 + x)12 – 6C1 (1 + x)11 + 6C2 (1 + x)10 – 6C3 (1 + x)9
+ 6C4 (1 + x)8– 6C5 (1 + x)7 + 6C6 (1 + x)6
  1  6  1  6  1 
2 3
 1 
4
 1 
5
 1  
6
 (1  x)12  6 C0 6 C1    C2   C3   6
C 4   6
C5   6
C6  
  1 x   1 x   1 x   1 x   1 x   1  x  
1 6
 (1  x)12 .(1  )
1 x
= (1+x)6 . x6
= 1 × coeff of x6 = 1
 n  Ck  
2
k3
13. If n is a positive integer & Ck = nC 
k, find the value of      is :
 k  1 n(n  1) .(n  2)  Ck  1  
2
 
 n  Ck  
2
k3
;fn n ,d /kukRed iw.kkZad gS rFkk Ck = nC
k rc 

 n(n  1)2
.(n  2)
  
 Ck  1  
dk eku gS&
 k 1   

Ans. 00.08
n 2 n n
 n  k  1
Sol 
k 1
k 
 k
3
 =
 k 1
k(n  k  1)2 =  k 1
 (n k  k
2 3
 k  2nk 2  2nk  2k 2 )

2
(n  1)2.n(n  1)  n(n  1)  2(n  1)n(n  1)(2n  1) n(n  1)2 (n  2)
= +   – =
2  2  6 12

14
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ADVBT - 14
Binomial Theorem

 10 10   10 10 
 
C
14. The value of the expression  Cr   ( 1)K K K  is :
   2 
 r 0   K 0 
 10  10 10
CK 
O;atd   10 Cr    (1)K  dk eku gS&
  2K 
 r 0   K 0
Ans. 01.00
 10 10   10 10   10 10
C1 10 C2 10   1
10

 
Ck C
  –1
k
Sol.  Cr   = (10C0 +........+ 10C10)  C0 –  2 .......  1010  =210 ×  1–  = 1
   2 k  2 2 2  2
 r 0   k 0   

100
15. The value of  if 
m  97
100
Cm . mC97 =  99C96 is :

100
 dk eku gksxk ;fn 
m  97
100
Cm . mC97 =  99C96 gSA

Ans. 08.24 or 08.25

n n n

  
n ! m !
Sol. n
Cm .m Cp =  = n
Cp .n  p Cm  p
m p mp
m !(n  m) ! p !(m  p) ! mp
= nCp [n – pC0 + n – pC1 + .......+ n – pCn – p] = nCp 2n – p ; where n = 100 and p = 97.
tgk¡ n = 100 rFkk p = 97
16. If (1 + x + x² +... + xp)n = a0 + a1x + a2x²+...+anp xnp, then the value of :
1
[a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 +.... + 7p a7p] is :
p(p  1)7
1
;fn (1 + x + x² +... + xp)n = a0 + a1x + a2x²+...+anp xnp, gks] rks [a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 +.... + 7p a7p] dk
p(p  1)7
eku gS&
Ans. 03.50
Sol (1 + x + x2 + .......+ xp)n = a0 + a1x + .....+ anp xnp
Differentiating both side w.r.t. x x ds lkis{k vodyu djus ij
n(1 + x + x2 + ........+ xp)n – 1(1 + 2x + ........+ pxp – 1) = a1 + 2a2x + .......+ np anpxnp – 1
Now put x = 1 j[kus ij
n(p  1)n . p 7
a1 + 2a2 + ..... + np anp = n(p + 1)n – 1(1 + 2 + ........+ p) = , where n =
2 2

17. If (2nC1)²+ 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² = 18 . 4n–1C2n–1, then n is :

;fn (2nC1)²+ 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² = 18 . 4n–1C2n–1 ] rc n gS &
Ans. 09.00
Sol.  (1+x)2n = 2nC0 + 2nC1x + ............+ 2nC2nx2n
differentiating it
2n(1+x)2n–1 = 2nC1 + 2. 2nC2x + ............+ 2n2nC2nx2n–1
Again (x+1)2n = 2nC0x2n + 2nC1x2n–1 + 2nC2x2n–2 + ............+ 2nC2n
Required expression = coefficient of x2n–1 in 2n (1+x)4n–1
= 2n. 4n–1C2n–1
Hindi  (1+x)2n = 2nC0 + 2nC1x + ............+ 2nC2nx2n
vodyu djus ij

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ADVBT - 15
Binomial Theorem
2n(1+x)2n–1 = 2nC1 + 2. 2nC2x + ............+ 2n2nC2nx2n–1
iqu% (x+1)2n = 2nC0x2n + 2nC1x2n–1 + 2nC2x2n–2 + ............+ 2nC2n
vHkh"V O;atd = 2n (1+x)4n–1 esa x2n–1 dk xq.kkad
= 2n. 4n–1C2n–1

n
2r  3 n (2n  3k)2n – 1
18. If 
r 0
r 1
. Cr =
n 1
then 'k' is

n
2r  3 n (2n  3k)2n – 1
;fn  r 1 . C =
r 0
r
n 1
gS rc 'k' dk eku gS

Ans. 01.33
n n n n
2r  3 n
   .
1 n 1 n 1
Sol. . Cr = 2.n Cr + . Cr = 2 .22 + . Cr 1
r 0
r 1 r 0 r 0
r  1 n 1 r 0

1 n  2.2n1  1
= 2n + 1 + .(2n + 1 – 1) =
n 1 n 1

n
( 1)r .Cr
 (r  1)(r  2)(r  3) = n  b  , then a + b is
a
19. If
r 0
n
( 1)r .Cr

a
;fn = gS] rc a + b dk eku gS
r 0
(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)  n  b
Ans. 03.50
n
( 1)r .Cr 1
Sol. 
r 0
(r  1)(r  2)(r  3)
=
(n  1)(n  2)(n  3)
1
(n  1)(n  2)(n  3) 
0 1 
(1  1)n3  n3 C ( 1)0 n3 C ( 1)1 n3 C ( 1)2 
2
 
1 (n  1) 1
(n + 2) × =
(n  1)(n  2)(n  3) 2 2(n  3)

3n
20 
k1
6 nC
2k1 ( 3)k is equal to :

3n

k1
6 nC
2k1 ( 3)k cjkcj gS

Ans. 00.00
3n
Sol. S= 
k 1
6n
C2k 1( 3)k  S = 6nC1(– 3) + 6nC3 (– 3)2 + .......+ 6nC6n – 1(– 3)3n

3n
 (1  3 i)6n  (1  3 i)6n 
S = ( 3 i) 
k 1
6n
C2k 1( 3 i)2k 1 S = ( 3 i) 
 2
= 0


16
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ADVBT - 16
Binomial Theorem

x x ky 2
21. If x is very large as compare to y, then the value of k in = 1+ 2
xy xy x
x x ky 2
;fn x, y dh rqyuk esa cgqr cM+k gks] rks = 1+ 2 esa k dk eku gS
xy xy x
Ans. 00.50
1/ 2 1/ 2
    1/ 2
x x  1   1   y2  1 y2
Sol. =     = 1  2  =1+ . 2  k=2
xy xy  x 
 1  y   1  y   2 x
 x   x 

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
20
 1 
1. In the expansion of  3 4  
4
 6
(A*) the number of irrational terms is 19 (B*) middle term is irrational
(C*) the number of rational terms is 2 (D*) 9th term is rational
20
3 1 
 4  4  ds izlkj esa
 6
(A) vifjes; inksa dh la[;k 19 gSA (B) e/; in vifjes; gSA
(C) ifjes; inksa dh la[;k 2 gSA (D) 9ok¡ in ifjes; gSA
20
3 1 
Sol.  44 
 6
Tr + 1 = 20Cr(41/3)20 – r(6–1/4)r
For rational terms
20 – r = 3k & r = 4p, where k, p  I  r = 20 & r = 8
 no. of rational terms = 2  no. of irrational terms = 19
20
3 1 
Hindi  44 
 6
Tr + 1 = 20Cr(41/3)20 – r(6–1/4)r
ifjes; inksa gsrq
20 – r = 3k rFkk r = 4p, tgk¡ k, p  I
 r = 20 rFkk r = 8  ifjes; inksa dh la[;k = 2  vifjes; inksa dh la[;k = 19
2
 1 x 
2. The coefficient of x4 in   , | x | < 1, is
 1 x 
2
 1 x 
 1  x  , | x | < 1 esa x dk xq.kkad gS&
4

 
(A) 4 (B) –4 (C*) 10 + 4C2 (D*) 16
Sol. (1 + x)2 (1 – x)–2 = (1 + x2 + 2x) (1 – x)–2
Co-efficient of x4 dk xq.kkad = 5 C4 + 3C2 + 2 4C3 = 16

3. 79 + 97 is divisible by :
(A*) 16 (B) 24 (C*) 64 (D) 72
79 + 97 foHkkftr gSa &

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ADVBT - 17
Binomial Theorem
(A) 16 ls (B) 24 ls (C) 64 ls (D) 72 ls
Sol. 7 + 9 = (8 – 1) + (8 + 1) = C0(8) – C1(8) + C2(8) .....+ C8(8) – C9 + 7C0(8)7 +......+ 7C6(8) + 7C7
9 7 9 7 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 9

This is divisible by 64 & 16 ;g 64 vkSj 16 ls Hkkftr gS

n
4. The sum of the series  (1)
r 1
r 1
. n
Cr (a  r) is equal to :

(A*) 5 if a = 5 (B) –5 if a = 5 (C*) –5 if a = –5 (D) 5 if a = –5

n
Js.kh  (1)
r 1
r 1
. n
Cr (a  r) dk ;ksxQy cjkcj gS

(A*) 5 ;fn a = 5 (B) –5 ;fn a = 5 (C*) –5 ;fn a = –5 (D) 5 ;fn a = –5

n n n

   (1)
r 1
Sol. =a ( 1)r 1. n
Cr  r. n
Cr  1 = a[nC1 – nC2 + nC3 .....+(–1)n–1 .nCn ] – n r 1 n 1
Cr 1
r 1 r 1 r 1
= a(1) – n[n–1C0 – n–1C1 + .......+(–1)(n –1) n–1Cn–1] = a – n(0) = a

1000n
5. Let an  for n  N, then an is greatest, when
n!
1000n
ekukfd n  N ds fy, an  gks] rks an egÙke gksxk] ;fn
n!
(A) n = 997 (B) n = 998 (C*) n = 999 (D*) n = 1000
1000 1000 ............ 1000 
Sol. an 
1.2.........n
a999 = a1000
an is maximum for n = 999 and n = 1000
1000 1000 ............ 1000 
Hindi an 
1.2.........n
a999 = a1000
an , n = 999 rFkk n = 1000 ds fy, vf/kdre gSA

6. n
C0 – 2.3 nC1 + 3.32 nC2 – 4.33 nC3 +..........+ (–1)n (n +1) nCn 3n is equal to
 3n   3
(A*) 2n   1 if n is even (B) 2n  n   if n is even
 2   2
 3n   3
(C*) – 2n   1 if n is odd (D) 2n  n   if n is odd
 2   2
n
C0 –2.3 C1 + 3.3 C2 – 4.3 C3 +..........+ (–1) (n +1) nCn 3n dk eku
n 2 n 3 n n
cjkcj gS
 3n   3
(A*) 2n   1 ;fn n le gSA (B) 2n  n   ;fn n le gSA
 2   2
 3n   3
(C*) – 2n   1 ;fn n fo"ke gSA (D) 2n  n   ;fn n fo"ke gSA
 2   2
Sol. (1 + x) = C0 + C1 x + C2 x +..........+ Cn x
n n n n 2 n n

Multiply it by x
x(1 + x)n = nC0 x + nC1 x2 + nC2x3 +............ nCnxn+1
Differentiate w.r. to x and put x = – 3
n x (1 + x)n–1 + (1 + x)n = nC0 + 2nC1 x + 3 nC2 x2 + 4 nC3 x3 +........+ (n + 1) nCn xn
So answer, – 3n (–2)n–1 + (–2)n

18
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ADVBT - 18
Binomial Theorem

n 3n   3n 
=  2   1  =  1 2n 
n
 1
 2   2 
Hindi (1 + x) = C0 + C1 x + C2 x +..........+ Cn x
n n n n 2 n n

x ls xq.kk djus ij
x(1 + x)n = nC0 x + nC1 x2 + nC2x3 +............ nCnxn+1
x ds lkis{k vodyu djds x = – 3 j[kus ij
n x (1 + x)n–1 + (1 + x)n = nC0 + 2nC1 x + 3 nC2 x2 + 4 nC3 x3 +........+ (n + 1) nCn xn

vr% mÙkj – 3n (–2)n–1 + (–2)n =  2  1   =  1 2n   1

n 3n n 3n
 2   2 

7. Element in set of values of r for which, 18Cr  2 + 2. 18Cr  1 + 18Cr  20C13 is :
r ds ekuksa dh la[;k gksxh ftlds fy, 18Cr  2 + 2. 18Cr  1 + 18Cr  20C13 gS
(A*) 9 (B) 5 (C*) 7 (D*) 10
Sol. 18
Cr–2 + 2.18Cr–1 + 18Cr  20C13
or ;k 19Cr–1 + 19Cr  20C13
or ;k 20Cr  20C13
r = 7,8,9,10,11,12,13

8. The expansion of (3x + 2)–1/2 is valid in ascending powers of x, if x lies in the interval.
(3x + 2)–1/2 dk izlkj x dh c<+rh gqbZ ?kkrksa ds fy, oS/k gS ;fn x vUrjky esa fLFkr gksxkA
(A*) (0, 2/3) (B) (–3/2, 3/2)
(C*) (–2/3, 2/3) (D) (–, –3/2) (3/2, )
3x  2 2
Sol. (3x + 2)–1/2 has infinite expansion when < 1  x – ,  
2  3 3
3x  2 2
Hindi. (3x + 2)–1/2 dk izlkj vuUr inksa rd gksxk ;fn <1  x – ,  
2  3 3

9. If (1 + 2x + 3x2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +.... + a20x20, then :

;fn (1 + 2x + 3x2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +.... + a20x20 gks] rks
(A*) a1 = 20 (B*) a2 = 210
(C*) a4 = 8085 (D) a20 = 22. 37. 7
10!
Sol. General term O;kid in = (1)r1 (2x)r2 (3x 2 )r3
r1 ! r2 ! r3 !
a1 = Coeff. of x (x dk xq.kkad½
10!
r2 + 2r3 = 1  r2 = 1, r1 = 9, r3 = 0   a1 = (2)1 = 20
1! 9!
a2 = Coeff. of x2 (x2 dk xq.kkad½
r2 + 2r3 = 2  r2 = 2, r1 = 8, r3 = 0
r2 = 0, r1 = 9, r3 = 1
10! 10!
a2 = (2)2 + (3) = 210
2! 8! 9! 1!
a4 = coeff. of x4 (x4 dk xq.kkad½
r2 + 2r3 = 4  r2 = 4, r1 = 6, r3 = 0
r2 = 2, r1 = 7, r3 = 1
r2 = 0, r1 = 8, r3 = 2

19
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ADVBT - 19
Binomial Theorem

10! 10! 10!

a4 = (2)4 + (2)2 (3) + (3)2 = 8085
4! 6! 2!7!1! 8!2!
a20 = 310

10. In the expansion of (x + y + z)25

(A*) every term is of the form 25Cr. rCk. x25 – r. yr – k. zk (B*) the coefficient of x8 y9 z9 is 0
(C) the number of terms is 325 (D) none of these
(x + y + z)25 ds izlkj esa
(A) izR;sd in 25Cr. rCk. x25 – r. yr – k. zk :i esa gksxkA (B) x8 y9 z9 dk xq.kkad 0 gSA
(C) inksa dh la[;k 325 gSA (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. (x + y + z) 25

25!
General term O;kid in = xr1 yr2 zr3
r1 ! r2 ! r3 !
Putting r3 = k, r2 = r – k and rFkk r1 = 25 – r j[kus ij
25! r!
= × × x25–r yr–k zk = 25Cr . rCk . x25–r yr–k zk
(25  r)!(r  k)!(k)! r!
r1 + r2 + r3 = 25
 coefficient of x8 y9 z9 is 0  x8 y9 z9 dk xq.kkad = 0

11. If (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......... + a40x40, then a0 + a2 + a4.......+ a38 is equal to :
;fn (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x2 +......... + a40x40 gks, rks a0 + a2 + a4.......+ a38 cjkcj gS &
(A) 219 (230 + 1) (B*) 219(220 – 1) (C*) 239 – 219 (D) 239 + 219
Sol. (1 + x + 2x ) = a0 + a1x +......... + a40x
2 20 40

x = 1, then a0 + a1 +......... + a40 = 420

x = –1, then a0 – a1 + a2 –......... + a40 = 220
220 + 240 = 2[a0 + a2 +......... + a38 + a40]
 a0 + a2 +......... + a38 = 219 + 239 – 220 = 219 (220–1)  a40 = a20
Hindi. (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a0 + a1x +......... + a40x40
x = 1, rks a0 + a1 +......... + a40 = 420
x = –1, rks a0 – a1 + a2 –......... + a40 = 220
220 + 240 = 2[a0 + a2 +......... + a38 + a40]
 a0 + a2 +......... + a38 = 219 + 239 – 220 = 219 (220–1)  a40 = a20

2n
 n  1
12. nn   is (n  N)
 2 
3 3
 n  1  n  1
(A) Less than   (B*) Greater than or equal to  
 2   2 
(C) Less than (n!)3 (D*) Greater than or equal to (n!)3.
2n
n  n  1
n   gS& (n  N)
 2 
3 3
 n  1  n  1
(A)   ls NksVk (B*)   ls cM+k ;k cjkcj
 2   2 
(C) (n!)3 ls NksVk (D*) (n!)3 ls cM+k ;k cjkcj

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ADVBT - 20
Binomial Theorem
n
  n(n  1) 2 
 
2  
n
 n  1
2n
   13  23  ...  n3  13  23  ....  n3
Sol. n 
n
 =   =   ; > n (n!)3
 2  n  n  n
   
 
 
13. If recursion polynomials Pk(x) are defined as P1(x) = (x – 2)2, P2 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2
P3 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2 – 2)2 .......... (In general Pk (x) = (Pk – 1 (x) – 2)2, then the constant term in
Pk (x) is
(A*) 4 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D*) a perfect square
;fn O;atd Pk(x) bl rjg ls ifjHkkf"kr gS fd P1(x) = (x – 2)2, P2 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2
P3 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2 – 2)2 (O;kid :i ls Pk (x) = (Pk – 1 (x) – 2)2) ] rks Pk (x) esa vpj in gS&
(A*) 4 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D*) ,d iw.kZ oxZ
Sol. Constant term in P1(x) is 4
If the constant term in Pk(x) is also 4, then
Pk(x) = 4 + a1x + a2x2 + .............
and Pk+1(x) = (Pk(x) –2)2 = (a1x + a2x2 + ....+ 2)2
Hindi P1(x) esa fu;r in 4 gSA
Pk(x) esa Hkh fu;r in 4 gS, rks
Pk(x) = 4 + a1x + a2x2 + .............
vkSj Pk+1(x) = (Pk(x) –2)2 = (a1x + a2x2 + ....+ 2)2

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION

Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)

Consider, sum of the series 
0i jn
f(i) f(j)

In the given summation, i and j are not independent.

n n n   n 
In the sum of series 
f(i) f(j) =  f(i) 
 
 j1  
f(j)   i and j are independent. In this summation,
i1 j1 i1   
three types of terms occur, those when i < j, i > j and i = j.
Also, sum of terms when i < j is equal to the sum of the terms when i > j if f(i) and f(j) are symmetrical.
So, in that case
n n

 f(i)f( j) =  f(i)f(j)
i1 j1 0i jn

+  f(i)f(j) +  f(i)f(j)
0i jn i j

=2  f(i)f(j) +  f(i)f(j)
0i jn i j
n n

 f(i)f(j) –  f(i)f(j)
  f(i)f(j) =
0i jn
i0 j0
2
i j

When f(i) and f(j) are not symmetrical, we find the sum by listing all the terms.
vuqPNsn # 1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)
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ADVBT - 21
Binomial Theorem

ekuk fd Jsf.k;ksa dk ;ksxQy 

0i jn
f(i) f(j) lw=k ls fn;k tkrk gS tgk¡ i rFkk j Lora=k ugha gSA

n  n  n  n
Jsf.k;ksa ds ;ksxQy   f(i) 

f(i)
 j1
f(j) =
  
f(j)   esa i o j Lora=k gSA bl ;ksxQy esa rhu çdkj ds in
i1 j1 i1   
gksrs gSA ftuesa i < j, i > j rFkk i = j rFkk tc i < j ds fy, inks dk ;ksxQy] i > j ds fy, inksa ds
;ksxQy ds cjkcj gSA ;fn f(i) rFkk f(j) lefer gSA bl fLFkfr esa
n n

 f(i)f( j) =  f(i)f(j)
i1 j1 0i jn

+  f(i)f(j) +  f(i)f(j)
0i jn i j

=2  f(i)f(j) +  f(i)f(j)
0i jn i j
n n

 f(i)f(j) –  f(i)f(j)
  f(i)f(j) =
0i jn
i0 j0
2
i j

tc f(i) rFkk f(j) lefer ugha gSA rc ge lHkh inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr djrs gSA

1.  0i jn

n
Ci n
C j is equal to

 0i jn
n
Ci n
Cj dk eku cjkcj gS&

22n – 2n
Cn 22n  2n
Cn 22n – n Cn 22n  n Cn
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Sol.  0i jn
n
Ci n
Cj

 n n  n  n  n n
 
i  0 j  0
n
Ci n
Cj  –
 i0 
(n Ci )2 
i  0
n
Ci 2n  –
 i0(n Ci )2 2n 2n – 
(n Ci )2
22n – 2n Cn
=     i0
= = =
2 2 2 2
n m
2. Let 0C0 = 1, then  
m0 p0
n
Cm . m
Cp is equal to

n m
ekuk 0C0 = 1, rc  
m0 p0
n
Cm . m
Cp dk eku cjkcj gS&

(A) 2n–1 (B*) 3n (C) 3n–1 (D) 2n

n m n  m  n
Sol.   n
Cm . m
Cp = n

Cm 
p  0
m
Cp  =
   n
Cm 2  = 3
m n

m0 p0 m0   m0

3.   n
Ci  n
Cj 
0i jn
(A*) (n + 2)2n (B) (n + 1)2n (C) (n – 1)2n (D) (n + 1)2n–1

22
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ADVBT - 22
Binomial Theorem

 n n  n  n  n n 
  
i  0 j  0
n
Ci  n
Cj  –

  2 n
Ci    n
i  0 j  0 i
C  n
C j   – 2  2n

    
=   
i0 j0
Sol. n
Ci  n
Cj
2 2
0i jn

 n  n   n 


 nC
i  0 i  1  2n   – 2n1


i  0
n

Ci (n  1)  2n  – 2n1

 
   
j0

2 2
n n
(n  1) 
i1
n
Ci  2n  1 2
i0
n 1

(n  1)2n  2n (n  1) – 2n1
 
2 2
= (n + 1)2n – 2n = n2n
Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)
vuqPNsn # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6) [Revision Planner]

Let P be a product given by P = (x + a1) (x + a2) ......... (x + an)

n
and Let S1 = a1 + a2 + ....... + an = a
i 1
i , S2 =  a .a , S =    a .a .a
i j
i j 3
i jk
i j k and so on,

then it can be shown that

P = xn + S1 xn – 1 + S2 xn – 2 + ......... + Sn.

;fn ,d xq.kuQy P bl çdkj gS] P = (x + a1) (x + a2) ......... (x + an)

n
rFkk ekuk 0 S1 = a1 + a2 + ....... + an =  ai , S2 =  ai .a j , S3 =    a .a .a i j k blh çdkj vkxs]
i 1 i j i jk

rks
fuEu dks fl) fd;k tk ldrk gS &
P = xn + S1 xn – 1 + S2 xn – 2 + ......... + Sn.

4. The coefficient of x8 in the expression (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 must be

O;atd (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 esa x8 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 28 (D*) 29
Sol. The expression (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 = (x + 2)(x + 2) (x + 3)(x + 3)(x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4)
= x9 + (2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4) x8 + ..............
 Co-efficient of x8 = 29
Hindi. O;atd (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 = (x + 2)(x + 2) (x + 3)(x + 3)(x + 3)(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4)(x + 4)
= x9 + (2 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4) x8 + ..............
 x dk xq.kkad = 29
8

5. The coefficient of x203 in the expression (x – 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) .......... (x20 – 20) must be
O;atd (x – 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) .......... (x20 – 20) esa x203 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C*) 13 (D) 15
 1  2  3   20 
Sol. Expression = x. x2. x3 ...........x20  1   1  2  1  3  .......  1  20 
 x  x  x   x 
 1  2  3   20 
Let E =  1   1  2  1  3  .......  1  20 
 x  x  x   x 
Now Co-efficient of x203 in original expression

23
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ADVBT - 23
Binomial Theorem
 Co-efficient of x–7 in E.
But
1 2 3  1 6 2 5 3 4  1 2 4 
E=1–  x  2  3  ......  +  x . 6  2 . 5  3 . 4  ......  –  x . 2 . 4  ...... 
 x x   x x x x x   x x 
= Co-efficient of x = –7 + 6 + 10 + 12 – 8 = 13
–7

 1  2  3   20 
Hindi. O;atd = x. x2. x3 ...........x20  1   1  2  1  3  .......  1  20 
 x  x  x   x 

ekuk E = 1  
1 2  3   20 
1  2  1  3  .......  1  20 
 x  x  x   x 

vc ewy O;atd esa x203 dk xq.kkad = E esa x–7 dk xq.kkad

ijUrq
1 2 3  1 6 2 5 3 4  1 2 4 
E = 1 –   2  3  ......  +  . 6  2 . 5  3 . 4  ......  –  . 2 . 4  ...... 
 x x x   x x x x x x   x x x 
 x–7 dk xq.kkad = –7 + 6 + 10 + 12 – 8 = 13

6. The coefficient of x98 in the expression of (x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100) must be

(A) 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100) 2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)
1
(C*) [(1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)]
2
(D) None of these
O;atd (x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100) esa x98 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100) 2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)
1
(C*) [(1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)]
2
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. The Co-efficient of x98 = (1.2 + 2.3 + ...........99.100)
= Sum of product of first 100 natural numbers taken two at a time
1
= [(1 + 2 + 3 + .......+ 1002)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 +..........+ 1002)]
2
Hindi. x98 dk xq.kkad = (1.2 + 2.3 + ...........99.100)
= nks &nks ,d lkFk ysus ij izFke 100 izkd`r la[;kvksa ds xq.kuQyksa dk ;ksxQy
1
= [(1 + 2 + 3 + .......+ 1002)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 +..........+ 1002)]
2

Comprehension # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
Let (7 + 4 3 )n =  + f = nC0.7n + nC1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(i)
where  & f are its integral and fractional parts respectively.
It means 0 < f < 1
Now, 0 < 7 – 4 3 < 1  0 < (7 – 4 3 )n < 1
Let (7 – 4 3 )n = f= nC0.7n – nC1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(ii)
 0 < f < 1
Adding (i) and (ii) (so that irrational terms cancelled out)
  + f + f = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n
= 2 [nC0 7n + nC2 7n – 2 (4 3 )2 + ..........]
 + f + f = even integer  (f + f must be an integer)
0 < f + f < 2  f + f = 1
24
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ADVBT - 24
Binomial Theorem
with help of above analysis answer the following questions

vuqPNsn # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
ekuk (7 + 4 3 )n =  + f = nC0.7n + nC1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(i)
tgk¡  rFkk f blds iw.kk±d o fHkUukRed Hkkx gS
vFkkZr~ 0 < f < 1
vc, 0<7–4 3 <1  0 < (7 – 4 3 )n < 1
ekukfd (7 – 4 3 )n = f= nC0.7n – nC1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(ii)
 0 < f < 1
(i) o (ii) dk ;ksx djus ij blls vifjes; in fujLr gks tk;sxsa
  + f + f = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n
= 2 [nC0 7n + nC2 7n – 2 (4 3 )2 + ..........]
 + f + f = leiw.kk±d  (f + f ,d iw.kk±d gksuk pkfg,)
0 < f + f < 2  f + f = 1
mijksDr fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A

 
n
7. If 3 3  5 = p + f, where p is an integer and f is a proper fraction, then find the value of

3 
n
3  5 , n N, is
(A*) 1 – f, if n is even (B) f, if n is even (C) 1 – f, if n is odd (D*) f, if n is odd
;fn  3 3  5  = p+ f, tgk¡ p iw.kk±d gS vkSj f fHkUukRed Hkkx gS] rks  3 3  5  , n N dk eku gSA
n n

(A*) 1 – f, ;fn n le gSA (B) f, ;fn n le gSA

(C) 1 – f, ;fn n fo"ke gSA (D*) f, ;fn n fo"ke gSA
Sol. p + f = ( 3 3 + 5)n = nC0( 3 3 )n 5º + nC1( 3 3 )n – 1 51 + .....
f = ( 3 3 – 5)n = nC0 ( 3 3 )n 5º – nC1( 3 3 )n – 1 51 + ......
p + f + f = 2 [nC0( 3 3 )n + nC2 ( 3 3 )n – 252 + ......]
 p + f + f = even integer le iw.kk±d (if n is even) ¼;fn n le gS½
 f + f = 1  f = 1 – f
p + f – f = 2 [nC1( 3 3 )n – 1(5) + nC3( 3 3 )n – 353 + ....] (if n is odd) ¼;fn n fo"ke gS½
 f – f = 0  f = f

  =  + f, where , n are integers and 0 < f < 1, then :

n
8. If 9  80
(A*)  is an odd integer (B)  is an even integer

 
n
(C*) ( + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D*) 1  f = 9  80

;fn  9  80  =  + f tgk¡ , n iw.kk±d gSa vkSj 0 < f < 1, rks &

n

(A)  ,d fo"ke iw.kk±d gSaA (B)  ,d le iw.kk±d gSA

 
n
(C) ( + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D) 1  f = 9  80

9  80 
n
Sol. =+f

9  80 
n
= f

2[nC0 (9)n + nC2 (9)n–2 ( 80 )2 + ....] =  + f + f

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ADVBT - 25
Binomial Theorem

  = 2(integer iw.kk±d) – 1 ( f + f = 1)
  + f) (1 – f) = 1

9. The integer just above ( 3 + 1)2n is, for all n  N.

(A*) divisible by 2n (B*) divisible by 2n + 1
(C*) divisible by 8 (D) divisible by 16

( 3 + 1)2n ls Bhd 1 vf/kd iw.kk±d gks] lehdj.k n  N ds fy,

(A*) 2n dk Hkkx nsus ij (B*) 2n + 1 dk Hkkx nsus ij
(C*) 8 dk Hkkx nsus ij (D) 16 dk Hkkx nsus ij

Sol. Let ¼ekuk½ ( 3 + 1)2n = (4 + 2 3 )n = 2n (2 + 3 )n =  + f ..........(i)

where  and f are its integral & fractional parts respectively
tgk¡  rFkk f blds iw.kk±d blds Øe'k% iw.kk±d o fHkUukRed Hkkx gS
0 < f < 1.
Now vc 0< 3 –1<1
0 < ( 3 – 1)2n < 1
Let ekuk fd ( 3 – 1)2n = (4 – 2 3 )n = 2n (2 – 3 )n = f. ........(ii)
0 < f < 1
adding (i) and (ii) (i) vkSj (ii) dks tksM+us ij
 + f + f = ( 3 + 1)2n + ( 3 – 1)2n
= 2n [(2 + 3 )n + (2 3 – )n] = 2.2n [nC0 2n + nC2 2n – 2 ( 3 )2 + ........]
 + f + f =2n + 1 k (where k is a positive integer)
 + f + f =2n + 1 k (tgk¡ k /kukRed iw.kk±d gS½
0 < f + f < 2  f + f= 1
 + 1 = 2n + 1 k.
 + 1 is the integer just above ( 3 + 1)2n and which is divisible by 2n + 1.
 + 1 Bhd vf/kd iw.kk±d gS ( 3 + 1)2n rFkk ;g 2n + 1 ls foHkkftr gSA
for ls n = 1, ( 3 + 1)2n = ( 3 + 1)2  +1=8
so it is divisible by 8 but not by 16.
;g 8 ls foHkkftr gks ijUrq 16 ls gksA

 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

 fpfUgr iz'u nksgjkus ;ksX; iz'u gSA

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -

1. Coefficient of t24 in (1 + t2)12 (1 + t12) (1 + t24) is: [IIT-JEE-2003, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(1 + t2)12 (1 + t12) (1 + t24) esa t24 dk xq.kkad gS :
(A) 12C6 + 3 (B) 12C6 + 1 (C) 12C6 (D*) 12C6 + 2
Sol. (1 + t2)12 (1 + t12 + t24 + t36) = (1 + t12 + t24) (1 + t2)12
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ADVBT - 26
Binomial Theorem
coefficient of t24 = 12C12 + 12C6 + 12C0 = 12C6 + 2
Hindi (1 + t2)12 (1 + t12 + t24 + t36) = (1 + t12 + t24) (1 + t2)12
t24 dk xq.kkad = 12C12 + 12C6 + 12C0 = 12C6 + 2

n n  n   n  1 k 2  n   n  2  n n  k  n

2. Prove that 2k     – 2k 1     + 2     –...... + (– 1)   
k
 =  .
0 k   1   k  1  2 k  2 k   0  k 
[IIT-JEE-2003, Main, (2, 0), 60]
 n   n   n   n  1  n   n  2  n n  k  n
fl) dhft, fd 2k     – 2k 1     + 2
k 2
    –...... + (– 1)   
k
 =  .
0 k   1   k  1  2 k  2 k   0  k 

Sol. S = 2k nC0. nCk – 2k–1 nC1 n–1Ck–1 + 2k–2 nC2 n–2Ck–2 +.............
(n  r) !.2k r
k k

  (–1)
n!
S= (–1)r nC n–rC
r
. k–r
k–r 2  S= r
×
r 0 r 0
r!(n  r)! (n  k)! (k  r)!
k k
 1

n ! k!
= (–1)r 2k r × = 2k n
Ck  1    n Ck
r 0
k ! (n  k)! r! (k  r)!  2

3. If (n – 1)Cr = (k2 – 3) nCr+1, then an interval in which k lies is [IIT-JEE-2004, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
;fn (n – 1)Cr = (k2 – 3) nCr+1 gks, rks k ds eku dk vUrjky gS & [Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(A) (2, ) (B) (– , – 2) (C)   3, 3 
 
(D*)  3,2

Sol. Cr = (k2 – 3) nCr+1
(n – 1)

or ;k (n – 1)Cn–(r+1) = (k2 – 3) nCn–(r+1)

1  k2  3  0  k  [–2,– 3)  ( 3, 2] 

4. The value of [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]

 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
   –     +     – .......... +     is :
 0   10   1   11   2   12   20   30 

(A) 60
20    30 
(B*)  
 10 
 30 
(C)  
 15 
(D) None of these

 30   30   30 
 30   30   30   30   30 
   –     +     – .......... +     dk eku gS& [Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
 0  10   1 
     
11 2 12  20   30 

(A) 60
20    30 
(B)  
 10 
 30 
(C)  
 15 
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Sol. S = C0 C20 – C1 C19 + C2 C18................
30 30 30 30 30 30

S = Co-efficient of x20 in (1–x)30 (1 + x)30

S = Co-efficient of x20 in (1–x2)30 = 30C10
Hindi. S = 30C0 30C20 – 30C1 30C19 + 30C2 30C18................
S = (1–x)30 (1 + x)30 esa x20 dk xq.kkad
S = (1–x2)30 esa x20 dk xq.kkad = 30C10

5. For r = 0, 1, ...., 10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the coefficient of x r in the expansions of
10
(1 + x)10 , (1 + x)20 and (1 + x)30 . Then  A (B
r 1
r 10Br  C10 A r ) is equal to

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ADVBT - 27
Binomial Theorem
ekukfd r = 0, 1, ...., 10 ds fy, Ar, Br rFkk Cr Øe'k% (1 + x)10 , (1 + x)20 rFkk (1 + x)30 ds izlkj esa xr ds xq.kkad gSaA
10
rks  A (B
r 1
r 10Br  C10 A r ) dk eku fuEu gS [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (5, –2)/79]

(A) B10 – C10 (B) A10 (B210 – C10 A10) (C) 0 (D*) C10 – B10

10 10
Sol. B10  AB
r 1
r r  C10  (A )
r 1
r
2
= 20
B10 (30C20 – 1) – 30C10 (20C10 – 1) = 30
C10 – 20C10 = C10 – B10

6. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x) n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n =
(1 + x)n+5 ds rhu Øekxr inksa ds xq.kkad 5 : 10 : 14 ds vuqikr esa gS] rc n =
Ans. 6
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]

Sol. n+5
Cr–1 : n+5Cr : n+5Cr+1 = 5 : 10 : 14
n 5 n5
Cr 10 Cr 1 14
 n5
 & n5

Cr 1 5 Cr 10
(n  5)  r  1 (n  5)  (r  1)  1 7
 =2 & 
r r 1 5
n6 n  6 12 12
 3 &   3r = (r + 1)  r=4
r r 1 5 5
 n + 6 = 12   n=6

7. Coefficient of x11 in the expansion of (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 is

[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)7 (1 + x4)12 foLrkj esa (expansion) x11 dk xq.kkad (coefficient) gS&
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 1051 (B) 1106 (C) 1113 (D) 1120
Ans. (C)
(1  x 2 )4 (1  x3 )7 (1  x 4 )12 (1  x 2 )4
Sol. Coefficent of x11 
(1  x2 )4
Coefficent of x11  (1 – x8)4 (1 + x4)8 (1 + x3)7 (1 – x2)–4
= (1 – 4x8) (1 + x4)8 (7x3 + 35x9) (1 – x2)–4
= (7x3 + 35x9 – 28x11) (1 + x4)8 (1 – x2)–4
Coefficent of x8 = (7x + 35x6 – 28x8) (1 + 8x4 + 28x8) (1 – x2)–4
= (7 + 35x6 – 28x8 + 56x4 + 196x8) (1 – x2)–4
Coefficent of t4  (7 + 56t2 + 35t3 + 168t4) (1 – t)–4
= 7 · 7C3 + 56 · 5C3 + 35 · 4C3 + 168
= 245 + 700 + 168 = 1113.
(1  x ) (1  x3 )7 (1  x 4 )12 (1  x 2 )4
2 4
Hindi esa x11 dk xq.kkad
(1  x2 )4
1 – x8)4 (1 + x4)8 (1 + x3)7 (1 – x2)–4 esa x11 dk xq.kkad
= (1 – 4x8) (1 + x4)8 (7x3 + 35x9) (1 – x2)–4
= (7x3 + 35x9 – 28x11) (1 + x4)8 (1 – x2)–4
(7x + 35x6 – 28x8) (1 + 8x4 + 28x8) (1 – x2)–4 esa x8 dk xq.kkad
= (7 + 35x6 – 28x8 + 56x4 + 196x8) (1 – x2)–4
(7 + 56t + 35t3 + 168t4) (1 – t)–4 esa t4 dk xq.kkad
2

= 7 · 7C3 + 56 · 5C3 + 35 · 4C3 + 168

= 245 + 700 + 168 = 1113.
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ADVBT - 28
Binomial Theorem
Alterantive : oSdfYid gy
2x + 3y + 4z = 11
(x, y, z) = (0, 1, 2) 4C0 × 7C1 × 12C2
(1, 3, 0) 4
C1 × 7 C 3
(2, 1, 1) C2 × C1 × 12C1
4 7

(4, 1, 0) 7
C1
coefficient of x dk xq.kkad = 66 × 7 + 35 × 4 + 42 × 12 + 7
11

= 1113. Ans.

8. The coefficient of x9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ......(1 + x100) is (Moderate)
(1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ......(1 + x100) ds foLrkj esa x9 ds xq.kkad dk eku gS
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]
Ans. 8
Sol. 9 = (0, 9) (1, 8), (2, 7), (3, 6), (4, 5) # 5 cases
9 = (1,2,6), (1,3,5), (2, 3, 4) # 3 cases
total = 8

9. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the coefficient of x 2 in the expansion of
(1 + x) + (1 + x)3 +........+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3 for some positive integer n. Then the value of n is
2

[JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]

Ekkuk fd m ,slk U;wure /kukRed iw.kk±d (smallest positive integer) gS fd
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 +........+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 ds foLrkj esa x2 dk xq.kkad (3n + 1) 51C3 fdlh /kukRed iw.kk±d n ds fy,
gSA rc n dk eku gS&
Ans. 5
Sol. Coeff. x2 dk xq.kkad
2
C2 + 3C2 +4C2 + .......... + 49C2 + 50C2 m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
3
C3 + 3C2 + 4C2 + .......... + 49C2 + 50C2 m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
n
Cr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr  50
C3 + 50C2 . m2 = (3n + 1) 51C3
51 50
50
C3 + 50C2 + (m2 –1) 50C2 = 3n. . C2 + 51C3  51
C3 + (m2 – 1) 50C2 = 51n . 50C2 + 51C3
3
m2 – 1 = 51n  m2 = 51n + 1
min value of m for 51n + 1 is integer for n = 5 (51n + 1 ds iw.kkaZd gksus ds fy, m2 dk U;wure eku n = 5)
2

10. Let X = (10C1)2 + 2(10C2)2 + 3(10C3)2 + ....... + 10(10C10)2 where 10Cr, r  {1, 2, ......., 10} denote binomial
1
coefficients. Then the value of X is _______ . [JEE (Advanced) 2018, Paper-1, (3, 0)/60]
1430
ekuk fd X = (10C1)2 + 2(10C2)2 + 3(10C3)2 + ....... + 10(10C10)2, tgkW 10Cr, r  {1, 2, ......., 10}, f}in xq.kkadksa
1
(binomial coefficients) dks n'kkZrs gSaA rc X dk eku gS _______A
1430
Ans. (646)
10 10
Sol. X=  r.
r 1
10
Cr . 10Cr  10.  9 Cr 1. 10C10 r = 10 . 19C9
r 1

X 10. 19C9 19 C9 19
C9 19.17.16
Now vc    = = 19 × 34 = 646
1430 1430 143 11  13 8

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

29
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ADVBT - 29
Binomial Theorem

10 10 10
1. Let S1 =  j (j – 1) 10
Cj , S2 = j 10
Cj and S3 = j 2 10
Cj. [AIEEE 2009, (4, –1), 144]
j 1 j 1 j 1

Statement -1 : S3 = 55 × 29 .
Statement -2 : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28.
(1) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -
1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(3) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(4) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
10 10 10
ekuk S1 =  j (j – 1)
j 1
10
Cj , S2 = j
j 1
10
Cj rFkk S3 =  j2
j 1
10
Cj.

izzdFku -1 : S3 = 55 × 29 .
izzdFku -2 : S1 = 90 × 28 rFkk S2 = 10 × 28.
(1) izzdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2*) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 feF;k gSA
(3) izdFku-1 feF;k gS] izdFku-2 lR; gSA
(4) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
10
10(10  1) 8
Sol. S1 = j 1
j(j  1) .
j (j  1)
Cj–2
10
 S1 = 9 × 10 
j2
8
C j2  S1 = 90 . 28
10
10
S2 = 
j 1
j .
j
9
Cj –1
= 10.29
10 10 10 10 10
S3 =  (j(j  1)
j 1
 j) 10
Cj = 
j 1
j(j  1) 10
Cj   j
j 1
10
C j = 90 
j2
8
C j2  10 9 C j1
j 1
10
= 90 × 28 + 10 × 
j2
8
C j 2 29 = (45 + 10) . 29 = (45 + 10) . 29 = 55.29

so statement-1 is true and statement 2 is false.

blfy, dFku-1 lR; gS rFkk dFku - 2 vlR; gSA
Hence correct option is (2)
vr% lgh fodYi (2) gSA

2. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 is : [AIEEE 2011, (4, –1), 120]
(1 – x – x2 + x3)6 ds izlkj esa x7 dk xq.kkad gS %
(1) 144 (2) – 132 (3*) – 144 (4) 132
Sol. (3)
(1 – x – x2 + x3)6
(1 – x)6 (1 – x2)6
(6C0 – 6C1 x1 + 6C2 x2 – 6C3x3 + 6C4x4 – 6C5x5 + 6C6x6) (6C0 – 6C1x2 + 6C2x4 – 6C3x6 + 6C4x8 +............+ 6C6x12)
Now coefficient of x7 = 6C16C3 – 6C36C2 + 6C56C1
= 6 × 20 – 20 × 15 + 36
= 120 – 300 + 36
= 156 – 300 = – 144 Ans.
Hindi (1 – x – x2 + x3)6
(1 – x)6 (1 – x2)6
(6C0 – 6C1 x1 + 6C2 x2 – 6C3x3 + 6C4x4 – 6C5x5 + 6C6x6) (6C0 – 6C1x2 + 6C2x4 – 6C3x6 + 6C4x8 +............+ 6C6x12)
x7 dk xq.kkad = 6C16C3 – 6C36C2 + 6C56C1
= 6 × 20 – 20 × 15 + 36
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ADVBT - 30
Binomial Theorem
= 120 – 300 + 36
= 156 – 300
= – 144 Ans.

   
2n 2n
3. If n is a positive integer, then 3 1 – 3 1 is : [AIEEE 2012, (4, –1), 120]

(1*) an irrational number (2) an odd positive integer

(3) an even positive integer (4) a rational number other than positive integers

   
2n 2n
;fn n ,d /kuiw.kk±d gS] rks 3 1 – 3 1 – :
(1*) ,d vifjes; la[;k gSA (2) ,d fo"ke /kuiw.kk±d gSA
(3) ,d le /kuiw.kk±d gSA (4) /kuiw.kk±dksa dks NksM+ dj ,d ifjes; la[;k gSA
Sol. Ans. (1)
( 3 + 1)2n – ( 3 – 1)2n
=2[2nC1( 3 )2n–1 + 2nC3 ( 3 )2n–3 + 2nC5 ( 3 )2n–5 + ........]
= which is an irrational number
Hindi. ( 3 + 1)2n – ( 3 – 1)2n
=2[2nC1( 3 )2n–1 + 2nC3 ( 3 )2n–3 + 2nC5 ( 3 )2n–5 + ........]
= tks fd ,d vifjes; la[;k gSA

10
 x 1 x 1 
4. The term independent of x in expansion of  2 / 3   is :[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
x  x  1 x  x1/ 2 
1/ 3

10
 x 1 x 1 
 2/3   ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in gS : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
x  x  1 x  x1/ 2 
1/ 3

(1) 4 (2) 120 (3*) 210 (4) 310

Sol. (3)
10
 1/ 3  x  1 
 (x  1) –  
  x  
 
(x1/3 – x–1/2)10
Tr+1 = 10cr (x1/3)10–r (– x–1/2)r
10 – r r
– =0  20 – 2r – 3r = 0
3 2
 r=4
10  9  8  7
T5 = 10C4 = = 210
4  3  2 1

5. If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both zero,
then (a, b) is equal to [Binomial Theorem] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1),
120]
;fn (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 ds x dh ?kkrksa esa izlkj esa x3 rFkk x4 nksuksa ds xq.kkad 'kwU; gSa] rks (a, b) cjkcj gSµ
[Binomial Theorem] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
 272   272   251   251 
(1)  14,  (2*)  16,  (3)  16,  (4)  14,
 3   3   3   3 
Sol. Ans. (2)
(1 + ax + bx2)(1 – 2x)18
coeff of x3 dk xq.kkad = 18C3(–2)3 + a.(–2)2 . 18C2 + b.(–2). 18C1 = 0
coeff of x4 dk xq.kkad  18C4(– 2)4 + a(–2)3 . 18C3 + b(–2)2 . 18C2 = 0

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ADVBT - 31
Binomial Theorem
 51a – 3b = 544 and vkSj 32a – 3b = 240
Subtracting we get ?kVkus ij izkIr gksrk gS a = 16
272
 b=
3
6. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion of (1 – 2 x )50 is
(1 – 2 x )50 ds f}in izlkj esa x dh iw.kkZadh; ?kkrks ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksx gS :[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50
(1) (3 + 1) (2) (3 ) (3) (3 – 1) (4) (2 + 1)
2 2 2 2
Ans. (1)

1– 2 x     
50 2 50
Sol. = C0 – C 1 2 x + C2 2 x + . . . . . + C50 2 x

1  2 x       
50 2 50
= C0 + C 1 2 x + C2 2 x + . . . . . + C50 2 x
Put x = 1 j[kus ij
1 3 50
 = C0 + C2(2)2 + . .
2
n
7. If the number of terms in the expansion of  1– 2  4  , x  0, is 28, then the sum of the coefficients of
 x x2 
all the terms in this expansion, is [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]
n
;fn  1– 2  4  , x  0 ds izlkj esa inksa dh la[;k 28 gS] rks bl izlkj esa vkus okys lHkh inksa ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksx
 x x2 
gS&
(1) 2187 (2) 243 (3) 729 (4) 64
Ans. (3) or Bonus
Sol. Theortically the number of terms are 2N + 1 (i.e. odd) But As the number of terms being odd hence
considering that number clubbing of terms is done hence the solutions follwos :
Number of terms = n+2C = 28  n=6
2
sum of cofficient = 3n = 36 = 729
put x = 1
fl)kUr% inksa dh la[;k 2N + 1 gS (vFkkZr~ fo”ke½ ijUrq tSlk fd inksa dh la[;k fo”"ke gS vr% inksa ds feJ.k ds vuqlkj gy
fy[kus ijA
inks dh la[;k = n+2C = 28  n=6
2

xq.kkadks dk ;ksx = 3n = 36 = 729

x = 1 j[kus ij

8. The value of (21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4) +........+ (21C10 – 10C10) is
(21C1 – 10C1) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 – 10C3) + (21C4 – 10C4) +........+ (21C10 – 10C10) dk eku gS&
[JEE(Main) 2017, (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 221 – 211 (2) 221 – 210 (3) 220 – 29 (4) 220 – 210
Ans. (4)
Sol. (21C1+ 21C2 + 21C3 +…….21C10) – (10C1+ 10C2 + 10C3 +…….10C10) = S1 – S2
S1 = 21C1 + 21C2 + 21C3 +…….21C10
1 1
S1 = (21C1 + 21C2 +……+ 21C20) = (21C0 + 21C1 + 21C2 +……+ 21C20 + 21C21 – 2)
2 2
S1 = 220 – 1
S2 = (10C1+ 10C2 + 10C3 +…….10C10) = 210 – 1
Therefore blfy,, S1 – S2 = 220– 210

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ADVBT - 32
Binomial Theorem
5 5
9. The sum of the co-efficients of all odd degree terms in the expansion of  x  x 3  1   x  x 3  1 ,
   
(x > 1) is : [JEE(Main) 2018, (4, – 1), 120]
5 5
 x  x 3  1   x  x 3  1 , (x > 1) ds izlkj esa lHkh fo"ke ?kkrksa okys inksa ds xq.kkadks dk ;ksx gS %
   
   
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) –1 (4) 0
Sol. (2)
5 5
 x  x 3  1   x  x 3  1
   
   
= (T1 + T2 + T3 + T4 + T5 + T6) + (T1 – T2 + T3 – T4 + T5 – T6)
= 2(T1 + T3 + T5 )
2 4
= 2( 5C0(x)5 + 5C2(x)3  x 3  1  + 5C4(x)1  x 3  1 
   
= 2(x5 + 10x3 (x3 –1) + 5x (x6 + 1 –2x3)]
= 2(x5 + 10x6 – 10x3 + 5x7 + 5x – 10x4)
= 2(5x7 + 10x6 + x5 – 10x4 – 10x3 + 5x)
sum of odd degree terms fo"ke ?kkr ds inksa dk ;ksxQy = 10 + 2 –20 + 10 = 2

2 403 k
10. If the fractional part of the number is , then k is equal to :
15 15
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (09-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
403
2 k
;fn la[;k dk fHkUukRed Hkkx (fractional part) gS rks k cjkcj gS&
15 15
(1) 14 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 4
Ans. (2)
 2203 
Sol.  
 15 
8.2200  8.1650 = 8(1 + 15)50 = 8(1 + 15)
hence remainder is 8. (vr% 'ks"kQy 8 gSA)
3
20  20
Ci1  k
11. If  20  =
Ci  Ci–1 
20
21
, then k equals : [JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-1 (4, – 1), 120]
i1 
3
 20 20
Ci1  k
;fn    = , rks k cjkcj gS%
i1 
20
Ci  Ci–1 
20
21
(1) 50 (2) 400 (3) 200 (4) 100
Ans. (4)
3
20
 20
Ci1 
Sol.   20
i1  C  20
C

i i1 
20 20
Ci1 Ci1 i
Now vc  
20
Ci  20 Ci1 21
Ci 21
Let given sum be S, so ekuk fn;k x;k ;ksx S gS] rc
i
3 2
20
1  20.21  100
S=  21  3   =
 21 
3
i1 2  21
k
Given fn;k x;k gS fd S =  k = 100
21

   
25
12. If 50
Cr .50 r C25 r  K 50
C25 , then K is equal to :
r 0

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ADVBT - 33
Binomial Theorem

   
25
;fn 50
Cr .50 r C25 r  K 50
C25 gS] rks K cjkcj gS %[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (10-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1),
r 0

120]
(1) 225 (2) 225 – 1 (3) (25)2 (4) 224
Ans. (1)
25
Sol. 
r 0
50
Cr 50 r
C25r
25
50!  50  r !
=  r!  50  r !  25  r !  25 !
r 0
25
50! 25!
=  r!  25  r !  25 !25!
r 0

 
25
= 50
c 25 
r 0
25
cr = 50
c 25  225  k 50
c 25

 k = 225
2 n
 q  1  q  1  q  1
13. Let Sn = 1 + q + q2 + …. + qn and Tn = 1 +   +   + …. +   .
 2   2   2 
where q is a real number and q  1 . If 101C1 + 101C2 . S1 + …..+ 101C101 . S100 = T100 then is equal to
2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
ekuk Sn = 1 + q + q2 + …. + qn rFkk Tn = 1 +   +   + …. +  2  . tgk¡ q ,d okLrfod la[;k
 2   2   
gS rFkk q  1 ;fn 101C1 + 101C2 . S1 + …..+ 101C101 . S100 = T100 rks  cjkcj gS –
[JEE(Main) 2019, Online (11-01-19),P-2 (4, – 1), 120]
(1) 200 (2) 299 (3) 2100 (4) 202
Ans. (3)
 101 101 
 
101 101 101
qr  1
    1  q101  1  2101  1
1  1
Sol. 101
Cr Sr 1 = 101
Cr = Cr qr  101
Cr  =
q 1 q 1   q  1
r 1 r 1  r 1 r 1 
101
 q  1
  1
   2 
q 1
=
1
q 1
(1  q)101  2101 
1
2


2 
  (1  q)101  2101 
100  q  1 

q
1
 1
1  q101  2101  

 Hence vr%  = 2 100

34
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ADVBT - 34
Binomial Theorem

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

1. Find the coefficient of x49 in

 C1   2 C2   2 C3   2 C50 
x   x  2  x  3  ........  x  50  where Cr = 50Cr
 C0   C1   C2   C49 
Ans. 22100

 C1   2 C2   2 C3   2 C50 
x   x  2  x  3  ........  x  50  esa x49 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A ¼tgk¡ Cr = 50Cr )
 C0   C1   C2   C49 
C C 
50 50 50
2  50  r 1
 r
C C Cr
Sol. Coeff. of x49 =  1  22 2  32 3  .............  502 50  = r2 50
=  
 C0 C1 C2 C49  r 1 Cr 1 r 1  r 
50
51 50  51 50  51 101
=  r(51  r)
r 1
=
2

6
= 22100

 
6  2 
2. The expression, 2x  1  2x  1
2 2
  is a polynomial of degree
 
 2x  1  2x  1 
2 2

 
6  2 
O;atd 2x  1  2x  1
2 2
  fdl ?kkr dk ,d cgqin gS&
 
 2x  1  2x  1 
2 2

Ans. 6

 
6
 2x 2  1  2x 2  1 
 
6 2 
Sol. 2x2  1  2x  1 + 
2

 ( 2x  1  2x  1 )
2 2

 

   
6 6
= 2x2  1  2x 2  1 + 2x2  1  2x 2  1

= 2  6
C0 (2x2  1)3  6C2 (2x2  1)2 (2x2  1)  6
C4 (2x2  1)(2x2  1)2  6 C6 (2x2  1)3 
clearly ‘6’

  
6
2 2x 2  1  2x 2  1
 

6
Hindi 2x2  1  2x  1 + 
2

 ( 2x  1  2x  1 )
2 2

 

   
6 6
= 2x2  1  2x 2  1 + 2x2  1  2x 2  1

= 2  6
C0 (2x2  1)3  6C2 (2x2  1)2 (2x2  1)  6
C4 (2x2  1)(2x2  1)2  6 C6 (2x2  1)3 
Li"r;k ‘6’

3. Find the co-efficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4.

(1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 ds foLrkj esa x5 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 60
Sol. Co-efficient of x5 in (1 + x2)5 (1+x)4 = 4 C1 . 5 C2  4 C3 .5 C1 = 40 + 20 = 60
Hindi (1 + x2)5 (1+x)4 esa x5 dk xq.kkad = 4 C1 . 5
C2  4
C3 .5 C1 = 40 + 20 = 60
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ADVBT - 35
 Binomial Theorem
5
4. Prove that the co-efficient of x15 in (1 + x +x3 + x4)n is 
r 0
n n
C15 3r Cr .

5
fl) dhft, fd (1 + x +x3 + x4)n ds foLrkj esa x15 dk xq.kkad  n C153r nCr gS
r 0
Sol. (1 + x + + x3 x4)n
= [(1 + x)(1 +x3)]n=
(1 + (1 + x)n x3)n
power of x in (1 + x3)n expansion is multiple of 3
so possible cases to get x15 are :-
(9n) (1 + x)n 9n(1 + x3)n
    
 nC x15
15
nC (x3)0
0
= nC
15 .
nC
0x
15
nC x12 nC (x3)1 = nC . nC x15
12 1 12 1
nC 9 nC 3 2 = nC n 15
12 x 2 (x ) 9 . C2 x
nC 6 nC 3)3 = nC nC 15
6x 3 (x 6. 3x
nC 3 nC 3)4 = nC nC 15
3x 4 (x 3. 4x
nC 0 nC 3)5 = nC nC 15
0x 5 (x 0. 5x
 coefficient of is x15
= nC15 . nC0 + nC12 . nC1 + nC9 . nC2 + nC6 . nC3 + nC3 . nC4 + nC0 . nC5
5
= 
r2 0
n
C153r .n Cr hence prooved

Hindi (1 + x + x3 + x4)n = [(1 + x)(1 +x3)]n= (1 + x)n (1 + x3)n

(1 + x3)n esa x dh ?kkr] 3 dk xq.kt gSA
x15 dh laHkkfo; fLFkfr
(9n) (1 + x)n 9n(1 + x3)n
    
 nC x15
15
nC (x3)0
0
= nC
15 .
nC
0x
15
nC 12 nC 3)1 = nC n 15
12 x 1 (x 12 . C1 x
nC 9 nC 3)2 = nC . nC x15
12 x 2 (x 9 2
nC 6 nC (x3)3 = nC . nC x15
6x 3 6 3
nC x3 nC 3)4 = nC . nC x15
3 4 (x 3 4
nC x0 nC 3)5 = nC . nC x15
0 5 (x 0 5
 x15 dk xq.kkad gSA
= nC15 . nC0 + nC12 . nC1 + nC9 . nC2 + nC6 . nC3 + nC3 . nC4 + nC0 . nC5
5
= 
r2 0
n
C153r .n Cr vr% fl} gqvk

1  x n
5. If n is even natural and coefficient of xr in the expansion of is 2n, (|x| < 1), then prove that r  n
1 x
1  x n
;fn n le izkÑr la[;k gS rFkk ds foLrkj esa xr dk xq.kkad 2n (|x| < 1) gS rc fl) dhft, r  n
1 x
Sol. y = (1 – x)–1 (1 + x)n
y = (1 + x + x2+... ) (1 + x)n
y = (1 + x)n + x(1 + x)n + x2 (1 + x)n + ....
Co-efficient of xr =
n
Cr + nCr–1 + .... nC0 = 2n

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ADVBT - 36
Binomial Theorem
r>n (As nCn+1) = 0
Hindi y = (1 – x)–1 (1 + x)n
y = (1 + x + x2+... ) (1 + x)n
y = (1 + x)n + x(1 + x)n + x2 (1 + x)n + ....
xr dk xq.kkad =
n
Cr + Cr–1 + .... nC0 = 2n
n

r>n (As nCn+1) = 0

6. Find the coefficient of xn in polynomial (x + 2n+1C0) (x + 2n+1C1)........(x + 2n+1Cn).

cgqin (x + 2n+1C0) (x + 2n+1C1)........(x + 2n+1Cn) esa xn dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 22n
Sol. Co-efficient of xn = 2n+1C0 + 2n+1C1 + ..... + 2n+1Cn = 22n
Hindi xn dk xq.kkad = 2n+1C0 + 2n+1C1 + ..... + 2n+1Cn = 22n

n  r 1 
7. Find the value of   
 p 0
n
Cr Cp 2p  .
r

r 1  
n r 1 
  

r 1  p 0
n
Cr Cp 2p  dk eku Kkr dhft,A
r


Ans. 4n – 3n
n  r 1  n r 1 n
Sol.   

r 1  p 0
n
Cr r Cp 2p  =

n
Cr r

Cp .2p =   n
Cr [rC0 + rC1 . 2 + ....... + rCr – 1 2r – 1]
 r 1 p 0 r 1
n
= 
r 1
n
Cr (3r – 2r) = 4n – 3n

Comprehension (Q-8 to Q.10)

vuqPNsn
For k, n N, we define
B(k, n) = 1.2.3......... k + 2.3.4........(k+1) + .........+ n(n + 1).......(n + k – 1), S0(n) = n and Sk(n)
= 1k + 2k + ......... + nk.
To obtain value B(k, n), we rewrite B(k, n) as follows
B(k,n)  k!  k Ck  k 1Ck  k 2Ck  .........  nk 1Ck   k! nk Ck 1
   
n n  1 ........  n  k 

k 1

n!
where n
Ck 
k! (n  k)!
k, n  N ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS fd
B(k, n) = 1.2.3......... k + 2.3.4........(k+1) + .........+ n(n + 1).......(n + k – 1), S0(n) = n ,oa Sk(n)
= 1k + 2k + ......... + nk.
B(k, n) dk eku Kkr djus ds fy, B(k, n) dks fuEu izdkj iqu% fy[kus ij
B(k,n)  k!  k Ck 

k 1
Ck  k 2
Ck  .........  Ck   k!
nk 1
  nk
Ck 1 
n n  1 ........  n  k  n!
 tgk¡ n Ck 
k 1 k! (n  k)!

37
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ADVBT - 37
Binomial Theorem
8. Prove that S2(n) + S1(n) = B(2, n)
fl) dhft, S2(n) + S1(n) = B(2, n)
Sol. S2(n) + S1(n) =  n2   n
  n(n  1)
= 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 +.........+ n(n + 1)
= B(2, n)

9. Prove that fl) dhft, S3(n) + 3S2(n) = B(3, n) – 2B(1, n)

Sol. S3(n) + 3S2(n) + 2S1(n) – 2 S1(n)
  n3  3  n2  2  n  2  n
  n(n  1)(n  2)  2  n
= B(3, n) – 2 B(1, n)

10. If (1 + x)p = 1 + pC1 x + pC2x2 +..........+ pCp xp, p  N , then show that k+1
C1 Sk(n) + k+1
C2 Sk–1(n) +.........+
k+1
Ck S1(n) + k+1Ck+1 S0(n) = (n + 1)k+1 – 1
;fn (1 + x)p = 1 + pC1 x + pC2x2 +..........+ pCp xp, p  N rc n'kkZb;s fd k+1
C1 Sk(n) + k+1
C2 Sk–1(n) +.........+
k+1
Ck S1(n) + k+1Ck+1 S0(n) = (n + 1)k+1 – 1

Sol. (1 + x)k + 1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck x + k+1Ck–1 x2 + k+1Ck–2 x3 +.........+ k+1C0 xk+1

Put x = 1, 2, ......, n j[kus ij
2k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . 1 + k+1Ck–1.12 + k+1Ck–2 . 13 +.........+ k+1C0 . 1k+1
3k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . 2 + k+1Ck–1 .22 +........+ k+1C0. 2k+1

(1 + n)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . n + k+1Ck–1, n2 +........+ k+1C0 nk+1
2 + 3 +...........+ (1 + n)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 S0(n) + k+1Ck S1(n) + k+1Ck–1 S2(n) + ...........+ k+1C0 S(k+1) (n)
k+1 k+1

2k+1 + 3k+1 +............+ (n+1)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 S0(n) + k+1Ck S1(n) +........+ k+1C1 Sk(n) + 1k+1 + 2k+1 + 3k+1 +..........+
nk+1
So (n + 1)k+1 – 1
Hindi (1 + x)k + 1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck x + k+1Ck–1 x2 + k+1Ck–2 x3 +.........+ k+1C0 xk+1
x = 1, 2, ......, n j[kus ij
2k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . 1 + k+1Ck–1.12 + k+1Ck–2 . 13 +.........+ k+1C0 . 1k+1
3k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . 2 + k+1Ck–1 .22 +........+ k+1C0. 2k+1

(1 + n)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 + k+1Ck . n + k+1Ck–1, n2 +........+ k+1C0 nk+1
2k+1 + 3k+1 +...........+ (1 + n)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 S0(n) + k+1Ck S1(n) + k+1Ck–1 S2(n) + ...........+ k+1C0 S(k+1) (n)
2k+1 + 3k+1 +............+ (n+1)k+1 = k+1Ck+1 S0(n) + k+1Ck S1(n) +........+ k+1C1 Sk(n) + 1k+1 + 2k+1 + 3k+1 +..........+
nk+1
vr% (n + 1)k+1 – 1

11. Show that 25n – 20n – 8n + 3n, n  I is divisible by 85.

iznf'kZr dhft, fd 25n – 20n – 8n + 3n, n  I , 85 ls HkkT; gSA
Sol. 85 = 17 × 5 (Both are prime number)
25n = (20 + 5)n
and 8n = (5 + 3)n
So clearly (20 + 5)n – 20n – (5 + 3)n + 3n is divisible by 5
Also (17 + 8)n – 8n – (17 + 3)n + 3n is divisible by 17
So expression is divisible by 85

38
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ADVBT - 38
Binomial Theorem
Hindi 85 = 17 × 5 (nksuks vHkkT; la[;k,¡ gSA)
25 = (20 + 5) rFkk
n n
8n = (5 + 3)n
vr% Li"Vr;k (20 + 5)n – 20n – (5 + 3)n + 3n , 5 ls HkkT; gS
iqu% (17 + 8)n – 8n – (17 + 3)n + 3n , 17 ls HkkT; gS vr% O;atd 85 ls HkkT; gSA
n 1
C2
 2n 
Prove that nC1 (nC2)2 (nC3)3........(nCn)n  
 n  1 
12. .
 
n 1
C2
 2n 
fl) dhft, fd nC1 (nC2)2 (nC3)3........(nCn)n    .
 n  1
Sol. A.M.  G.M
n(n1)
C1  2.n C2  3.n C3  ........  n.n Cn
   
n 2 n
 2 n
C1 n C2 ........ n Cn
1  2  3  ...........  n
n(n 1)
n.2n1  2
   
2 n
  2 n
C1. n C2 ......... n Cn
n(n  1)
n(n1)
 2n 
  .......   n(n  1) n1 
2 n 2
n n n
  C2 
 n  1   Also 2
C1 C2 Cn
   
1/ n
(n  1) p  (n  1)q  p 
13. If p is nearly equal to q and n > 1, show that =  . Hence find the approximate
(n  1)p  (n  1)q  q 
1/ 6
 99 
value of   .
 101 
1/ n
(n  1) p  (n  1)q  p 
;fn p, q ds yxHkx cjkcj gS rFkk n > 1, iznf'kZr dhft, fd =  . bldh lgk;rk ls
(n  1)p  (n  1)q  q 
1/ 6
 99 
 101  dk fudVre eku Kkr dhft,A
 
1198
Ans.
1202
Sol. Let p = q + h (say), where h is small that its square and higher powers may be neglected. then -
(n  1) p  (n  1) q (n  1) (q  h)  (n  1) q
= ( p = q + h)
(n  1)p  (n  1) q (n  1) (q  h)  (n  1) q
1 1/ n 1/ n
2nq  (n  1) h   n  1    n  1  h  h p
= =  1    h  1    h =1+ = 1   =  
2nq  (n  1) h   2nq     2nq   nq  q q
put p = 99 , q = 101 and n = 6
1/ 6
(6  1) 99  (6  1)  101  99  1198
= =
(6  1) 99  (6  1)  101  101  1202
Hindi ekukfd p = q + h (ekuk), tgk¡ h bruk NksVk gS fd blds oxZ rFkk vU; cM+h ?kkrksa dks ux.; eku ldrs gS] rks
(n  1) p  (n  1) q (n  1) (q  h)  (n  1) q
= ( p = q + h)
(n  1)p  (n  1) q (n  1) (q  h)  (n  1) q
1 1/ n 1/ n
2nq  (n  1) h   n  1    n  1  h  h p
= =  1    h  1    h =1+ = 1   =  
2nq  (n  1) h   2nq     2nq   nq  q q
p = 99 , q = 101 rFkk n = 6 j[kus ij

39
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ADVBT - 39
Binomial Theorem
1/ 6
(6  1) 99  (6  1)  101  99  1198
=  =
(6  1) 99  (6  1)  101  101  1202

14. If (18x2 + 12x + 4)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2n x2n , then prove that
ar = 2n 3r  2n n
Cr  C1 2n 2
Cr  n
C2 2n 4
Cr  ... 
;fn (18x2 + 12x + 4)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2n x2n , rc fl) dhft,
ar = 2n 3r  2n n
Cr  C1 2n2
Cr  n
C2 2n4
Cr  ... 
Sol. ar is the coefficient of xr in R.H.S.
(18x2 + 12x + 4)n = 2n (1+(1+3x)2)n
= 2n  n
C0 (1  3x)2n  C1 (1  3x)2n2 
n n
C2 (1  3x)2n4  ... 
= 2n  n C0 3r Cr n C13r Cr  ... 
2n 2n2 2n 4
Cr n C2 3r
 
Hindi. ar , R.H.S. esa xr dk xq.kkad gSA
(18x2 + 12x + 4)n = 2n (1+(1+3x)2)n
= 2n  n
C0 (1  3x)2n  C1 (1  3x)2n2 
n n
C2 (1  3x)2n4  ... 
= 2n  n C0 3r Cr n C13r Cr  ... 
2n 2n2 2n4
Cr n C2 3r
 

15. Prove that 1². C0 + 2². C1 + 3². C2 + 4². C3 +.... + (n+1)² Cn = 2n2 (n+1) (n+4).
Sol. (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ........... + Cnxn
multiply by x and then differentiate
(1 + x)n + x . n (1 + x)n – 1 = C0 + 2.C1x + 3.C2 x2 + ........ + (n + 1) . Cn xn
again multiply by x and then differentiate
(1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n – 1 + 2nx (1 + x)n – 1 + n (n – 1) x2 (1 + x)n – 2 = C0 + 22 C1x + 32 C2x2 +...+ (n+1)2 Cnxn
put x = 1
then S = 2n + n. 2n – 1 + 2n. 2n – 1 + n (n – 1) 2n – 2
= 2n – 2 [4 + 2n + 4n + n2 – n]
= 2n – 2 (n + 1) (n + 4)
Hindi. (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ........... + Cnxn
x ls xq.kk djus ds ckn vodyu djus ij
(1 + x)n + x . n (1 + x)n – 1 = C0 + 2.C1x + 3.C2 x2 + ........ + (n + 1) . Cn xn
nqckjk x ls xq.kk djds vodyu djus ij
(1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n – 1 + 2nx (1 + x)n – 1 + n (n – 1) x2 (1 + x)n – 2 = C0 + 22 C1x + 32 C2x2 +...+ (n+1)2
Cnxn
x = 1 j[kus ij
rc S = 2n + n. 2n – 1 + 2n. 2n – 1 + n (n – 1) 2n – 2
= 2n – 2 [4 + 2n + 4n + n2 – n]
= 2n – 2 (n + 1) (n + 4).

16. If (1  x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 +........, find the value of, a0 + a1 + a2 +....... + an.

(1  x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 +........, a0 + a1 + a2 +....... + an dk eku Kkr djks&
(2n)!
Ans.
(n!)2
n
Sol. (1 – x)–n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ........ anxn = 
r 0
n r 1
Cr xr

40
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ADVBT - 40
Binomial Theorem
a0 + a1 + ...... + an = n – 1C0 + nC1 + n + 1C2 + ........... + 2n – 1Cn
= n – 1Cn – 1 + nCn – 1 + n + 1Cn – 1 + ......... + 2n – 1Cn – 1
= nCn + nCn–1 + n+1Cn–1 + .......... + 2n–1Cn–1 = 2nCn {nCr + nCr–1 = n+1Cr}

32
17. Find the remainder when 3232 is divided by 7.
32
32
32 dks 7 ls Hkkx nsus ij 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
Ans. 4
Sol. 3232 = (25)32 = 2160
(3 – 1)160 = 3 + 1
32
3232 = (25)(3 + 1) = 2(15 + 3) + 2 = 4 . (23)(5+1) = 4(7 + 1) = 4(7 + 1)
 remainder is 4
Hindi. 3232 = (25)32 = 2160
(3 – 1)160 = 3 + 1
32
3232 = (25)(3 + 1) = 2(15 + 3) + 2 = 4 . (23)(5+1) = 4(7 + 1) = 4(7 + 1)
 'ks"kQy 4 gSA

18. If n is an integer greater than 1, show that : a  nC1(a1) + nC2(a2) ..... + (1)n (a  n) = 0.
;fn n (> 1) ,d iw.kk±d gS rc iznf'kZr dhft, % a  nC1(a1) + nC2(a2) ..... + (1)n (a  n) = 0.
Sol. S = a [nC0 – nC1 + nC2 .......+ (–1)n nCn] + nC1 – 2. nC2 + ....... + (–1)n + 1n nCn
(1 – x)n = nC0 – nC1x + nC2x2 ............ + (–1)n. nCn xn
n(1 – x)n – 1 = – nC1 + 2. nC2x + ......... + (–1)n n nCn xn – 1
put x = 1
then S = 0
Hindi. S = a [nC0 – nC1 + nC2 .......+ (–1)n nCn] + nC1 – 2. nC2 + ....... + (–1)n + 1n nCn
(1 – x)n = nC0 – nC1x + nC2x2 ............ + (–1)n. nCn xn
n(1 – x)n – 1 = – nC1 + 2. nC2x + ......... + (–1)n n nCn xn – 1
x = 1 j[kus ij
rc S = 0

19. If (1 + x)n = p0 + p1 x + p2 x2 + p3 x3 +......., then prove that :

;fn (1 + x)n = p0 + p1 x + p2 x2 + p3 x3 +......., rc fl) djks fd
n n
(a) p0  p2 + p4 ....... = 2n/2 cos (b) p1  p3 + p5 ....... = 2n/2 sin
4 4
Sol. (1 + x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 ............
(1 – x)n = p0 – p1x + p2x2 ...........
(1 + x)n + (1 – x)n = 2[p0 + p2 x2 + p4x4 + .........]
Put x = i
(1  i)n  (1  i)n n
then p0 – p2 + p4 ........= = 2n/2 cos
2 4
and (1 + x)n – (1 – x)n = 2 [p1x + p3x3 + .........]
(1  i)n  (1  i)n n
or p1 – p3 + p5 ............. = = 2n/2 sin
2i 4
Hindi. (1 + x)n = p0 + p1x + p2x2 ............
(1 – x)n = p0 – p1x + p2x2 ...........
(1 + x)n + (1 – x)n = 2[p0 + p2 x2 + p4x4 + .........]
x = i j[kus ij

41
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ADVBT - 41
Binomial Theorem

(1  i)n  (1  i)n n
rc p0 – p2 + p4 ........= = 2n/2 cos
2 4
vkSj (1 + x)n – (1 – x)n = 2 [p1x + p3x3 + .........]
(1  i)n  (1  i)n n
;k p1 – p3 + p5 ............. = = 2n/2 sin
2i 4

20. Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x) 2n has also the greatest co-efficient, then ' x '
n n 1
lies between, & .
n 1 n
n
iznf'kZr djks fd ;fn (1 + x)2n ds izlkj esa vf/kdre in dk xq.kkad Hkh vf/kdre gS] rks ' x ' dk eku vkSj
n 1
n 1
ds chp esa gSA
n
Sol. Middle term has greatest co-efficient in this case so r = n
e/; in dk xq.kkad egÙke gksrk gSA vr% bl fLFkfr esa r = n gS
 2n  1  2n  1 2n  1 2n  1 1
r=   –1<n<   – 1 < |x| and rFkk |x| < 1 +
 1 | x |  1 | x | 1 | x | n 1 n
n n 1
 <x<
n 1 n
21. Prove that if ' p ' is a prime number greater than 2, then (2  5 )p   2p+1 is divisible by p, where [. ]
 
denotes greatest integer function.
fl) djks fd ;fn ' p ', 2 ls cM+h ,d vHkkT; la[;k gS] rks (2  5 )p   2p+1 , p ls foHkkftr gksxk] tgk¡ [. ]
egÙke iw.kk±d Qyu gSA
Sol. (2  5 )p   2p+1
 
Let ( 5  2)p    f so [ ( 5  2)p ] = I, where I is an integer and f  (0, 1)
( 5  2)p  f '  (0, 1)
2[pC0 2p + pC22p–2 ( 5 )2 + ......] = I + f – f '
f'–f=0  f = f '  [(2  5 )p ] – 2p+1 = 2[pC02p + pC22p–2.5 + ........] –2p+1
= pC2.2p–1.5 + pC42p–3.52 + ........
This is always divisible by p because for a prime number p, pCr(1 < r < p) is always divisible by p.

Hindi (2  5 )p   2p+1

 
ekuk ( 5  2)p    f blfy, [ ( 5  2)p ] = I, tgk¡ I ,d iw.kk±d gS rFkk f  (0, 1)
( 5  2)  f '  (0, 1)
p

2[pC0 2p + pC22p–2 ( 5 )2 + ......] = I + f – f '

f'–f=0  f = f '  [(2  5)p ] – 2p+1
= 2[pC02p + pC22p–2.5 + ........] –2p+1
= pC2.2p–1.5 + pC42p–3.52 + ........
;g ges'kk p ls Hkkftr gS D;ksafd ,d vHkkT; la[;k p gsrq pCr(1 < r < p) lnSo p ls Hkkftr gSA

42
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ADVBT - 42
Binomial Theorem
n
1 3r 7r   1 
22. If
r 0
 ( 1)r. nCr  r  2 r  3 r  ........
 2 2 2
to m terms  = k  1  m n  , then find the value of k.
  2 
n
1 3r 7r 
 rd  = k  1  m n  gks] rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
1
;fn ( 1)r. nCr  r  2 r  3 r  ........ m inksa
r 0  2 2 2   2 
1
Ans.
2 1
n

n  1  3 r  7 r 
Sol. 
r 0
( 1)r. nCr  r     
 2  4   8 
  ........ .m terms 

n  3
r 

1
= ( 1)r n Cr r  (–1)r n Cr    ........ .m terms
r 0   2 4 
2
 1  1
= [ nC0 – nC1   + nC2   + .............] +
2 2
[ C0 – C1 + C2 +......] + .....m terms
n n n

 1 
1  mn
1  
n n n
 1  3  7 2 1  1 
=  1   +  1   +  1   + ......m terms = n   = n  1  mn 
 2  4  8 2  1 1  2 1  2 
 
 2n 
n  1  3 r  7 r 
Hindi. 
r 0
( 1)r. nCr =  r     
 2  4   8 
  ........ .m terms 

 1 3
r 
= ( 1)r n Cr r  (–1)r nCr    ........ .m terms
 2 4 
2
 1  1
= [ nC0 – nC1   + nC2   + .............] +
2 2
[ C0 – C1 + C2 +......] + .....m in
n n n

n n n
 1  3  7
=  1   +  1   +  1   + ......m in
 2  4  8
 1 
1  mn 
1  2  = 1 1  1 
  
n
2  1 1  2n  1  2mn 
 n 
 2 

2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
23. Given sn= 1 + q + q² +..... + qn & Sn = 1 + +   +.... +   , q  1,
2  2   2 
prove that n+1C1 + n+1C2.s1 + n+1C3.s2 +....+ n+1Cn+1.sn = 2n. Sn.
2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
;fn sn= 1 + q + q² +..... + qn rFkk Sn = 1 + +   +.... +   , q  1 gks] rks
2  2   2 
fl) djks fd n+1C1 + n+1C2.s1 + n+1C3.s2 +....+ n+1Cn+1.sn = 2n. Sn.
n 1
 q  1
q 1 n 1  2  1
Sol. sn = and vkSj Sn =  
q 1 q 1
1
2

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ADVBT - 43
Binomial Theorem
n+1C + n+1C2s1 + ...........+ n+1Cn+1 sn
1
 q2  1  qn1  1
= n+1C1 + n+1C2   + ...........+ n+1Cn+1
 q 1  q 1
 
1 n+1
= [ C1q + n+1C2q2 + ....+ n+1Cn+1qn+1 – n+1C1 – n+1C2 –.... – n+1Cn+1]
q 1
  q  1 n1 
   1
[(1+q)n+1 – 2n+1] =    . 2n = 2n S
1 1 2 
= [(1 +q)n+1 – 1 –2n+1 +1] = 
q 1 q 1 q 1 n
 
 2 
 
24. If (1+x)15 = C0 + C1. x + C2. x2 +.... + C15. x15, then find the value of : C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 +.... + 14C15
;fn (1+x)15 = C0 + C1. x + C2. x2 +.... + C15. x15 gks, rks C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 +.... + 14C15 dk eku Kkr djksA
Ans. 212993
Sol. (1 + x)15 = C0 + C1x + .........+ C15x15
Divide by x & then differentiating both side
(1  x)15 C
= 0 + C1 + C2x + C3x2 + .......+ C15x14
x x
1 (1  x)15 C
. 15(1 + x)14 – 2
= – 20 + C2 + .....+ 14 C15x13
x x x
Put x = 1 then C2 + 2C3 + .........+ 14C15 = 15.214 – 215 + 1
Hindi. (1 + x)15 = C0 + C1x + .........+ C15x15
x ls Hkkx nsdj nksuksa i{kksa dk vodyu djus ij
(1  x)15 C
= 0 + C1 + C2x + C3x2 + .......+ C15x14
x x
1 (1  x)15 C
. 15(1 + x)14 – 2
= – 20 + C2 + .....+ 14 C15x13
x x x
x = 1 j[kus ij C2 + 2C3 + .........+ 14C15 = 15.214 – 215 + 1

1 n 2 3 4 (  1)n  1 n n 1
25. Prove that, C1 nC2+ nC3 nC4 +..... + . Cn =
2 3 4 5 n  1 n  1
1 n 2 3 4 (  1)n  1 n n 1
fl) dhft, fd % C1 nC2+ nC3 nC4 +..... + . Cn =
2 3 4 5 n  1 n  1
Sol. (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ...........+ Cnxn
 n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2.C2x + 3.C3x2 + .......+ n.Cnxn–1
Now multiply by x & integrate from 0 to x
n(1 + x)n–1. x = C1x + 2C2x2 +...........+ nCnxn

C1 2 2C2 x3 3C3 x 4 n
Cn xn1 = x(1+x)n –
1  x   1 n 1
 x   +.........+
2 3 4 n 1 n 1
Putting x = –1
C1 2 3 1
 C2  C3  ......... 
2 3 4 n 1
Hindi. (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + ...........+ Cnxn
 n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2.C2x + 3.C3x2 + .......+ n.Cnxn–1
x ls xq.kk djds 0 ls x lhekvksa esa lekdyu djus ij
n(1 + x)n–1. x = C1x + 2 C2x2 +...........+ nCnxn

44
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ADVBT - 44
Binomial Theorem


C1 2 2C2 x3 3C3 x 4 n
Cn xn1 = x(1+x)n –
1  x   1 n 1
x   +.........+
2 3 4 n 1 n 1
x = –1 j[kus ij
C1 2 3 1
 C2  C3  ......... 
2 3 4 n 1

n
26. Prove that r
r 0
2 n
C r pr qn – r = npq + n2p2, if p + q = 1.

n
fl) djks fd r
r 0
2 n
C r pr qn – r = npq + n2p2 gksxk] tcfd p + q = 1 gksA

n n
Sol. r 0
r 2 nCr prqn – r = n . r .
r 0
n–1
Cr – 1prqn – r

 n n 

= n.  (r  1) . n1
Cr 1pr qnr   n 1
Cr 1. pr qnr 
 r 1 r 1 
 n n 
= n (n  1)p2
 r 2

n2
Cr 2pr 2 qnr  p n1Cr 1. pr 1qnr 
r 1 

= n[(n – 1)p (p + q)
2 n–2
+ p(p + q) ]n–1

= n[np2 – p2 + p] = n2p2 – np2 + pn = n2p2 + npq

27. Prove that : (n1)². C1 + (n3)². C3 + (n5)². C5 +..... = n (n + 1)2n3

fl) dhft, fd % (n1)². C1 + (n3)². C3 + (n5)². C5 +..... = n (n + 1)2n3
Sol. (n – 1)2 nC1 + (n – 3)2 nC3 + (n – 5)2 nC5 + ......
= n2(nC1 + nC3 + nC5 + ........) – 2n (nC1 + 3nC3 + 5nC5 + .....) + (nC1 + 9nC3 + 25nC5 + .....)
= n2 . 2n – 1 – 2n2(n–1C0 + n–1C2 + n–1C4 + ....) + n(n–1C0 + 3n–1C2 + 5n–1C4 + .....)
= n2 . 2n – 1 – 2n2 . (2n – 2) + n(n–1C0 + n–1C2 + n–1C4 + ....) + n(2n–1C2 + 4 n–1C4 + 6 n–1C6 + ......)
= n2 . 2n – 1 – n2 . 2n – 1 + n . 2n – 2 + n(n – 1) (n – 2C1 + n – 2C3 + n – 2C5 + ...)
= n . 2n – 2 + n(n – 1) 2n – 3
= n(n + 1) 2n – 3.

28. Prove that nCr + 2 n +1Cr + 3 n+2Cr +....... + (n + 1) 2nCr = nCr+2 + (n + 1) 2n + 1Cr+1 – 2n+1Cr+2
fl) djks nCr + 2 n +1Cr + 3 n+2Cr +....... + (n + 1) 2nCr = nCr+2 + (n + 1) 2n + 1Cr+1 – 2n+1Cr+2
Sol. Let nC + 2. n +1C + 3. n+2C +.......= S
r r r
S = co-efficient of xr in (1+x)n + 2.(1+x)n+1 + 3.(1+x)n+2 + ................
Let S' = (1+x)n + 2(1+x)n+1 + 3(1+x)n+2 + .....+ (n+1)(1+x)2n ............... (1)
(1+x) S' =(1+x)n+1 + 2(1+x)n+2 + ...+ (n+1)(1+x)2n+1 ............... (2)
(1) – (2) :
–x S' = (1+x)n + (1+x)n+1 + .....+ (1+x)2n –(n+1) (1+x)2n+1
 (1  x)n1  1 (1  x)2n1  (1  x)n (n  1)(1  x)2n1
 – x S' = (1+x)n   – (n+1)(1+x)2n+1  S' = +
 x  x 2 x
Now S = co-efficient of xr in S'
= – 2n+1Cr+2 + nCr+2 + (n+1) 2n+1Cr+1
Hindi. ekuk nC + 2. n +1C + 3. n+2C +.......= S
r r r
S = (1+x)n + 2.(1+x)n+1 + 3.(1+x)n+2 + ................ esa xr dk xq.kkad
ekuk S' = (1+x)n + 2(1+x)n+1 + 3(1+x)n+2 + .....+ (n+1)(1+x)2n ............... (1)
45
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ADVBT - 45
Binomial Theorem
(1+x) S' =(1+x)n+1 + 2(1+x)n+2 + ...+ (n+1)(1+x)2n+1 ............... (2)
(1) – (2) :
–x S' = (1+x)n + (1+x)n+1 + .....+ (1+x)2n –(n+1) (1+x)2n+1
 (1  x)n1  1 (1  x)2n1  (1  x)n (n  1)(1  x)2n1
 – x S' = (1+x)n   – (n+1)(1+x)2n+1  S' = +
 x  x 2 x
vc S = S' esa xr dk xq.kkad
= – 2n+1Cr+2 + nCr+2 + (n+1) 2n+1Cr+1

1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7
29. Show that, 3=1+  .  . .  . . .  ......
3 3 6 3 6 9 3 6 9 12
1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7
iznf'kZr dhft, 3 =1+  .  . .  . . .  ......
3 3 6 3 6 9 3 6 9 12
1/ 2 1/ 2
 1  2
Sol. 3=   = 1  
3  3
2 3
1 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 5 2 1
=1+ . + .  .  . + . . .  . +.........
2 3 2  2   3  2 2 2 2  3  3!
1 1 3 1 3 5
=1+ + + + .......
3 3  6  3  6   9 

30. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +...... + Cnxn, show that for m  2

C0 – C1 + C2 –......... + (– 1)m – 1Cm – 1 = (–1)m – 1 n – 1Cm – 1.
;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 +...... + Cnxn gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd m  2 ds fy,
C0 – C1 + C2 –......... + (– 1)m – 1Cm – 1 = (–1)m – 1 n – 1Cm – 1.
Sol. (x – 1)n = C0xn – C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 – C3xn–3 +......+ (–1)m–1Cm–1xn–m+1 + ........
1  xm
 = 1 + x + x2 + ..........+ xm–1
1 x
C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + ......+(–1)m–1Cm–1
 1  xm 
= Co-efficient of xn in (x –1)n 
 1  x 
 
= Co-efficient of x in (x –1)(x–1)
n m n–1

= Co-efficient of xn – m in (x –1)n–1
= (–1)m–1 n–1Cm–1
Hindi (x – 1)n = C0xn – C1xn–1 + C2xn–2 – C3xn–3 +......+ (–1)m–1Cm–1xn–m+1 + ........
1  xm
 = 1 + x + x2 + ..........+ xm–1
1 x
C0 – C1 + C2 – C3 + ......+(–1)m–1Cm–1
 1  xm 
= (x –1)n 
 1  x 
esa xn dk xq.kkad
 
= (xm –1)(x–1)n–1 esa xn dk xq.kkad = (x –1)n–1 esa xn –m dk xq.kkad
= (–1)m–1 n–1Cm–1

46
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ADVBT - 46
Binomial Theorem
31. If (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² +.... + Cn xn, then show that the sum of the products of the C i’s taken two at
  Ci C j 2n !
a time, represented by is equal to 22n1  .
0i jn 2 (n !)2

;fn (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² +.... + Cn xn, rc n'kkZvksa fd nks Ci’s dks ,d lkFk ysus ij muds xq.kuQyuksa dk
  Ci C j 2n !
;ksx tksfd }kjk iznf'kZr gksrk gS 22n1  ds cjkcj gSA
0i jn 2 (n !)2
Sol. (1+x) = C0 + C1x + .... + Cn xn
n

1
S =   Ci Cj = [(C0 + C1 + C2 + ......+ Cn)2 – (C02 + C12 + C22 + ......+ Cn2)]
2
2n
Cn
 2S = 22n – 2nCn  S = 22n–1 –
2

32. If a0, a1, a2,..... be the coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x + x²) n in ascending powers of x, then prove
that :
(i) a0 a1  a1 a2 + a2 a3 .... = 0

(ii) a0a2  a1a3 + a2a4 ..... + a2n  2 a2n = an + 1

(iii) E1 = E2 = E3 = 3n1; where E1= a0 + a3 + a6 +...; E2 = a1 + a4 + a7 +...& E3 = a2 + a5 + a8 +...

;fn a0, a1, a2,..... , (1 + x + x²)n ds izlkj esa x dh c<+rh gqbZ ?kkrksa ds xq.kkad gSa] rks fl) djks fd :
(i) a0 a1  a1 a2 + a2 a3 .... = 0

(ii) a0a2  a1a3 + a2a4 ..... + a2n  2 a2n = an + 1

(iii) E1 = E2 = E3 = 3n1; tgk¡ E1= a0 + a3 + a6 +...; E2 = a1 + a4 + a7 +... ,oa E3 = a2 + a5 + a8 +...

Sol. (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + .........+ a2nx2n
1
taking – in place of x.
x
n
 1 1  a1 a2 a3
 1– x  2  = a0 – x  2 – 3  ......
 x  x x
n
 x2 – x  1 
(i)  a0a1 – a1a2 + a2a3 ........= coefficient of x in (1 + x + x2)n  
 x2
 
1
= coefficient of x in 2n (x4 + x2 + 1)n
x
=0
1
(ii) a0 a2 – a1a3 + a2a4 ......... = coeff. of x2 in 2n (x4 + x2 + 1)n
x
= an + 1
(iii) putting x = 1,  & 2 respectively we get
3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 + .......... (1)
0 = a0 + a1  + a2 2 + a3 3 + a4 4 + a5 5 + a6 6 + ............. (2)
0 = a0 + a1 2 + a2 4 + a3 6 + a4 8 + a5 10 + a6 12 + ..... (3)
on adding
3n = 3(a0 + a3 + a6 + ........)
 E1 = 3n – 1
(1) + 2 (2) + (3) gives

47
Corporate Office: CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
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ADVBT - 47
Binomial Theorem
3n = 3(a1 + a4 + a7 + .....)
 E2 = 3n – 1
Similarly
(1) + (2) + 2(3) gives
E3 = 3n – 1.
Hindi. (1 + x + x2)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + .........+ a2nx2n
1
x ds LFkku ij – j[kus ij
x
n
 1 1  a1 a2 a3
 1– x  2  = a0 – x  2 – 3  ......
 x  x x
n
 x2 – x  1 
(i)  a0a1 – a1a2 + a2a3 ........= (1 + x + x2)n   esa x dk xq.kkad
 x2
 
1
= 2n (x4 + x2 + 1)n esa x dk xq.kkad
x
=0
1
(ii) a0 a2 – a1a3 + a2a4 ......... = 2n (x4 + x2 + 1)n esa x2 dk xq.kkad
x
= an + 1
(iii) x = 1, , vkSj  Øe'k% j[kus ij
2

3n = a0 + a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 + .......... (1)
0 = a0 + a1  + a2 2 + a3 3 + a4 4 + a5 5 + a6 6 + ............. (2)
0 = a0 + a1 2 + a2 4 + a3 6 + a4 8 + a5 10 + a6 12 + ..... (3)
(1), (2) o (3) dks tksM+us ij
3n = 3(a0 + a3 + a6 + ........)
 E1 = 3n – 1
(1) +  (2) + (3) ls izkIr gksrk gS&
2

3n = 3(a1 + a4 + a7 + .....)
 E2 = 3n – 1
blh izdkj
(1) + (2) + 2(3) ls izkIr gksrk gS&
E3 = 3n – 1.

48
Corporate Office: CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : contact@resonance.ac.in
Toll Free : 1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PLC024029
ADVBT - 48