15.

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS SERVER 2012 OPERATING SYSTEM

Aim : Operating System windows server 2012 Installation

Tools required: 1. Computer system 2.DVD Drive 3. Bootable DVD disc or Bootable usb
System Requirements
The main requirements are −
 CPU socket minimum 1.4 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster for single core and Microsoft
recommends is 3.1 GHz (64-bit processor) or faster multi-core.
 RAM memory minimum is 2GB, but Microsoft recommends 8GB.
 160 GB hard disk with a 60 GB system partition space in your hard disk.
Description:-
Operating system:- An operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer
hardware resources and provides common services for compute programs. The operating system is an
essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an
operating system to function

Installation

The following steps are to be adhered for the installation of Windows Server 2012.
Step 1 − We can download the evaluation ISO of Windows Server 2012 R2 from the following link
− https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/evalcenter/evaluate-windows-server-2012-r2

Step 2 − After downloading the ISO of Microsoft, create a boot USB driver which can be created with the
Microsoft tool called Windows USB/DVD Download Tool and can be downloaded from the following link
− https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/windows-usb-dvd-download-tool
After downloading the EXE file, open it and select the ISO file location and then click next like in the
following screenshot, and wait up to the end when the Boot USB is created.

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Step 3 − After completing the above given steps, plug-in the USB to the server and wait for a while till it
loads the files. This will continue for about a couple of minutes as shown in the following screenshot.

Step 4 − After the files are loaded, you will see the screen of language settings of installation, keyboard,
time and currency format. Generally, all the default ones are also good enough to start with. Click Next.

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Step 5 − Click “Install now”.

Step 6 − Once you have clicked on Install Now, the setup will start and it will load all the files and the
screen will look as shown in the following screenshot.

Step 7 − Wait until the files are loaded and then you will see the following screen. Let’s select Windows
Server 2012 standard (Server with GUI) and click Next.

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Step 8 − Click “I accept the license terms” and then click on the Next button as shown in the following
screenshot.

Step 9 − The following screen will appear. In “Driver Options” you can create a new partition, delete or
format the Hard disk. After you have done this process then you can select the partition where the Windows
server 2012 R2 will be installed in our case we have one partition. Once all this is done, then click on Next.

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Step 10 − Let’s wait until this process finishes during this time and then the server will reboot.

Step 11 − Once the reboot is done the following screen will appear. Set the password for the server and
then click on “Finish”.

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Step 12 − It will take some minutes until the setup finishes completely.

Step 13 − Once all this is done, you have completed the installation process and the following screen will
appear.
Congratulations!!!
CONFIGURING OF WINDOWS SERVER 2012

Add server roles

A small reminder! - Roles and Features are the tools that you need to install or activate in order
to complete your IT Administration duties, without their installation you cannot do anything.

To add a role in the server we should adhere to the following steps −

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Step 1 − Click with the mouse on Server Manager which is found in the task bar as shown in the
following screenshot.
Step 2 − After opening the “Server Manager”, click on the second option “Add roles and features”.

Step 3 − The following screen will appear, then you can Click on the Next button.

Step 4 − Select the Role-based or feature-based installation and then click on the Next button.

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In the next screen that appears, you will have the following two options −
Option 1 − Select a server from the server pool. This option is – if you want to install the services
in the physical server like being done in the following screenshot.

Option 2 − Select a virtual Hard disk if you want to install the services in a virtual disk that can be
somewhere in the network storage. Take a look at the following screenshot for better
understanding.

Step 5 − The last step will be to check the service that you want to install, but in the upcoming
chapters we will continue this setup for each and every important services.

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Remote Desktop mgmt
Remote Management Service is one of the most important part pertaining to administration of
Windows Server 2012. Administration of servers is performed through Windows Management
Instrumentation. WMI instructions can be sent over network WinRM “Remote Management”.
By default this utility is enabled, you can check it by going to Server Manager → then click on
Local Server as shown in the following screenshot.

If in case it is disabled, you can enable it by Opening PowerShell and then typing
EnablePSRemoting as shown in the screenshot given below.

There is another way to enable it – Click on “Server Manager” → Local Server, then ENABLE
Remote management.

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Adding a Server for Remote Management
To add other servers for remote management, follow the steps given below −
Step 1 − Server Manager → Dashboard → Add other servers to manage.

Step 2 − If the servers are joined to the domain, you add the select option “Active Directory“, in
my case they are not joined, so I selected the second option “DNS” → In the search Box, I added
the IP of the server that has to be managed → click on a small arrow → OK.
NOTE: select one of the role in the server manager to configure the server for one of the specific
role that a server should perform

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16. INSTALL ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAIN SERVICE IN 2012 SERVER
Aim : Install active directory domain service

Description : Active Directory is a hierarchical collection of network resources such as

users, computers, printers, and other Active Directories
Allow administrators to handle and maintain all network resources from a single location
It is the focal point for manageability, security and interoperability of network objects
Active Directory performs a variety of functions
Provide information on objects
Organize these objects for easy retrieval and access
Allows access by end users and administrators
Allows the administrator to set up security for the directory

Start Server Manager

[2] Click [Add roles and features].

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[3] Clici [Next] button.

[4] Select [Role- based or feature- based installation].

[5] Select a Host which you'd like to add services.

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[6] Check a box [Active Directory Domain Services].

[7] Addtional features are required to add AD DS. Click [Add Features] button.

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[8] Click [Next] button.

[9] Click [Next] button.

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[10] Click [Next] button.

[11] Click [Install] button.

[12] Installation is started.

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[13] After finishing Installation, click [Close] button.

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17. CREATE DOMAIN USER TO THE DOMAIN GROUP IN 2012 SERVER

Aim : Create domain user to the domain group in 2012 server

Start Server Manager

Description: User accounts are used to authenticate, authorize or deny access to resources for, and audit the
activity of individual users on your network. A group account is a collection of user accounts that you can
use to assign a set of permissions and rights to multiple users simultaneously. A group can also contain
contacts, computers, and other groups. You can create user accounts and group accounts in Active Directory
to manage domain users. You can also create user accounts and group accounts on a local computer to
manage users specific to that computer.

[1] Run [Server Manager] and click [Tools] - [Active Directory Users and Conputers].

[2] Click with right button [Users] on left tree and select [New] - [User].

[3] Input User name or Logon name for new user.

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[4] Set initial password for new User.

[5] Check contents you set and click [Finish] button.

[6] A new user is just added.

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Add Group Accounts on Active Directory.
Run [Server Manager] and open [Tools] - [Active Directory Users and Conputers], next, Click with right
button [Users] on left tree and select [New] - [Group].

[2] Input a Group name you'd like to add.

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[3] A new Group is just added.

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18. INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION OF DHCP IN WINDOWS SERVER 2012

Aim : INSTALL & CONFIGURE DHCP IN WINDOWS SERVER 2012

Description:-
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is commonly implemented network services in today’s
network environments. DHCP is primarily used to automatically distribute IP configuration settings to
network clients, eliminating manually configuring hosts on TCP/IP-based networks.
To Install DHCP role, you will have to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 − Go to “Server Manager” → Manage → Add Roles and Features.

Step 2 − Click Next.

Step 3 − Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option → click Next.

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Step 4 − We will install a Local DHCP Role as it will Select a server from the Server Pool → then click
Next.

Step 5 − From the Roles lists, check the DHCP Server role → click Add Features on the popup windows
as shown in the following screenshots.

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Step 6 − Click Next.

Step 7 − Click Next.

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Step 8 − Click Install.

Step 9 − Click Close.

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Post-deployment Configuration
In this section, we will see how to do the post-deployment configuration of the DHCP. Please follow the
steps given below.
Step 1 − Click on the warning icon and then click on “Complete DHCP Configuration”.

Step 2 − Click Next.

Step 3 − Select a domain user account that has permissions to create objects in the Net Services
container in Active directory or a domain admin account → click Next.

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Step 4 − Click Close.

Scope Implementation of DHCP

Now we have to configure the service to make it useful for the computers. To do this, we need to follow the
steps given below.
Step 1 − Server Manager screen → Tools → DHCP.

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Step 2 − Right-click on the DHCP Server → then click on “Add/Remove Bindings… “

Step 3 − Ensure the static IP address of the server should appear as shown in the following screenshot.

Step 4 − Right-click on IPv4 → Select “New Scope”.

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Step 5 − Click “Next”.

Step 6 − Enter Scope Name and description as shown in the following screenshot and then → Next.

Step 7 − Enter the Start and End IP address, the Subnet mask, leave the Length as default “24” for class C
subnet → click Next.

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Step 8 − Enter your IP range in the exclusion list. If you have devices on the network that require static IP
address and also ensure that the excluded range falls with the Start and End range earlier specified, then
→ click Next.

Step 9 − Enter the desired lease duration for the assigned IP’s or leave as default → then click Next.

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Step 10 − Select → Yes, I want to configure these options now to configure the DHCP options for the
new scope → then click on Next.

Step 11 − Enter the default gateway which is the IP of your Router → then click Next.

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Step 12 − Add DNS IP → click Next (we can put Google DNS or if it is a Domain environment you can put
the DC IP there) then click → Next.

Step 13 − Specify your WINS Server if any and then click → Next.

Step 14 − Select Yes, I want to activate this scope now option to activate the scope immediately and
then click → Next.

Step 15 − Click Finish.

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19. INSTALLATION & CONFIGURATION OF DNS IN WINDOWS SERVER 2012

Aim : INSTALL & CONFIGURE DNS IN WINDOWS SERVER 2012

Description:-
DNS Role is one of the most important services in a network with Domain Controllers Environment. It
helps us to resolve domain names internally and externally to IP and to have access to the requested service
for the respective domain.
Let us now see how to install the DNS Role. For this we need to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 − To Install DNS role, go to “Server Manager” → Manage → Add Roles and Features.

Step 2 − Click Next.

Step 3 − Select the Role-based or feature-based installation option and then click Next.

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Step 4 − We will install a Local DNS role as it will select a server from the server pool → and then click
Next.

Step 5 − From the Server Roles lists, check the DNS Server role → click Add Features on the popup
windows and then click Next.

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Step 6 − Click Next.

Step 7 − Click Install.

Step 8 − Wait until installation bar is complete.

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Once the installation is finished, click on Close.

Configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

Open the Server Manager from the task bar.
Click on DNS/ Right Click your server / select DNS Manger/ Click the Action Tab/
Select Configure a DNS Server.

Select Configure a DNS Server in Windows Server 2012

The Configure DNS Server Wizard will come up click Next to continue and select one of the
following actions:
– Create a forward lookup zone
A forward lookup zone is a DNS function that takes a domain name and resolves it to an IP
address.
– Create forward and reverse lookup zones
A reverse lookup zone is a DNS function that takes an IP address and resolves it to a
domain name.
– Configure root hints only
Root hints only Will have the IP addresses of DNS servers where records can be acquired.

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 This is the Configure DNS Server Wizard screen output in Windows Server 2012

Select where the DNS data will be maintained for your network resources, and then
Click Next

Selecting a Primary Server location in Windows Server 2012

Enter your new zone name, in this case, your domain and Click Next.

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 This is the zone name insert field when configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

Create a new zone file or use an existing one from a different DNS server

Creating a Zone file when configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

Next you select how your server will respond to Dynamic Updates.

Select the do not allow Dynamic Updates option while Configuring DNS in Windows Server 2012

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 Select whether your DNS server should forward queries or not. If you choose YES, type the
IP of the server and click Next. If NO, select No, it should not forward queries and Click Next.

Select one of the options to configure forwarders when Configuring DNS in Window s Server 2012

Click Finish and you’re all set.

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20. Installation of Linux
AIM:-Installation of Linux

DESCRIPTION:-
Linux is built and supported by a large international community of developers and users dedicated to
free, open-source software

As a result, there is a very large collection of free software available for Linux such as

o Graphical environments (GUIs)

o Office applications
o Developers' tools
o System utilities
o Business applications
o Document publishing tools
o Network client and server applications -- the list goes on
o The best part of this community is that all code is open
o Linux is an alternative to proprietary systems
o like Windows and Solaris
o Linux is an alternative to proprietary applications
o like MS Office, Internet Explorer, and Outlook
o The applications in Linux can borrow the best parts from each other to become even better

Installation:-
 Turn OFF the power and have the first CD to insert in the CD drive
 Make sure that the monitor is on and keyboard and mouse are plugged in
 Turn ON power and immediately insert the first CD in drive Selecting installation method

• The default boot method is graphical user interface it guides you to further steps
• Press Enter to accept default method
• Red hat Linux window appears
• Welcome to Red Hat Linux
• The Welcome screen does not prompt you for any input
• Read the help text in the left panel for additional instructions and information
• Language Selection
• Using your mouse, select the language you would prefer to use for the installation
• Keyboard Configuration
• Select the correct layout type (for example, U.S. English
• Mouse Configuration
• Choose the correct mouse type for your system as
• Choosing to Upgrade or Install

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 – The Upgrade Examine screen appears if the installation program detects a prior version of
Red Hat Linux
– Select Perform a new Red Hat Linux installation and click Next OR
– If you would like to perform an upgrade, select Perform an upgrade of an existing
installation
– Installation Type
– Choose the type of installation you would like to perform from
– Your options are Personal Desktop, Workstation, Server, Custom

– Personal Desktop
– A personal desktop installation is most appropriate if you are new to the world of Linux
– Workstation
– A workstation installation is most appropriate if you would like a graphical desktop
environment
– Server
– A server installation is most appropriate if you would like your system to function as a
Linux-based server
– Custom
– A custom installation allows you the greatest flexibility during your installation
– Upgrade
– We can quickly update to the latest packages and kernel version
– Disk Partitioning Setup
– Partitioning allows you to divide your hard drive into isolated sections
– Each section behaves as its own hard drive
– Can choose to perform automatic partitioning, or manual partitioning using Disk Druid
– Recommended Partitioning Scheme
– Swap partition (at least 32MB)
– A /boot partition (100MB)
– A root partition (1.7 - 5.0GB)
– Swap partition
– Swap partitions are used to support virtual memory
– A /boot partition
– The partition mounted on /boot contains the operating system kernel
– The files used during the bootstrap process
– A root partition
– This is where "/" (the root directory) will be located
– Automatic Partitioning
– Allows you to have some control concerning what data is removed from your system
– Remove all Linux partitions on this system
– Remove all partitions on this system
– Keep all partitions and use existing free space
– Boot Loader Configuration
– A boot loader is the first software program that runs when a computer starts. Keep the
defaults and click Next
– Network Configuration
– Automatically detects network devices and display them in the Network Devices list. Click
Next
– Fire wall configuration
– Select the appropriate security level and Click Next
– Language Support Selection

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 – Install and support multiple languages for use

– Time Zone Configuration

– Set your time zone by selecting your computer's physical location
– Set Root Password
– Root account is similar to the administrator account used on Windows NT machines
– Authentication Configuration
– If you are performing a personal desktop, workstation or server installation, skip this
– Package Group Selection
– Select packages for installation

Customize the set of packages to be

installed Preparing to Install

Screen preparing you for the installation of Red Hat

Linux Installing Packages

Boot Diskette Creation

To create a boot diskette, insert a blank, formatted diskette into your diskette drive and click
Next

X Configuration — Monitor and Customization

Keep the default and click next

Installation Complete

Congratulations! Red Hat Linux 9 installation is now complete

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21. Installation of Ubuntu using VirtualBox
AIM:-Installation of Ubuntu using VirtualBox

Description:-
VirtualBox

Oracle VM VirtualBox is a cross-platform virtualization application developed by the Oracle Corporation. It

allows users to install operating systems on virtual hard disks such as Windows, macOS, Solaris and Linux.

As an example, you can run Windows and Linux on your Mac, run Windows server on your Linux server, or
run Linux on your Windows PC while running your other existing applications.

Ubuntu

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software.
Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet of things devices and
robots. All the editions can run on the computer alone, or in a virtual machine.

Setup for Ubuntu

First, open VirtualBox, then click "New" to create a virtual machine.

Enter "Ubuntu" as the name, select "Linux" as the type, and select Ubuntu (64-bit) as the version.

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NOTE: Select any amount of memory you wish, but don't add more than 50 percent of your total RAM.
Check the "Create a virtual hard disk now" option so we can later define our Ubuntu OS virtual hard disk
size.

Now, we want to select "VHD (Virtual Hard Disk)".

Next, we'll dynamically allocate storage on our physical hard disk.

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We want to specify our Ubuntu OS's size. The recommended size is 10 GB, but you can increase the size if
you wish.

After creating a virtual hard disk, you'll see Ubuntu in your dashboard.

Now, we have to set up the Ubuntu disk image file (.iso).

The Ubuntu disk image file can be downloaded here: Ubuntu OS download

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 To set up the Ubuntu disk image file, go to settings and follow these steps:
1. Click "Storage"
2. In storage devices, click "Empty"
3. In attributes, click the disk image and "Choose Virtual Optical Disk File"
4. Select the Ubuntu disk image file and open it

Click OK.

Your Ubuntu OS is ready to install in VirtualBox. Let's start!

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NOTE: Ubuntu VirtualBox installation and actual OS installation steps may vary. This guide helps you to
install Ubuntu in VirtualBox only.
Let's install Ubuntu!
Click Install Ubuntu.

Select your keyboard layout.

In the "Updates and other software" section, check "Normal installation" and continue.

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In "Installation type", check "Erase disk and install Ubuntu".

Click "Continue".

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Choose your current location.

Now, set up your profile.

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You'll see Ubuntu installing.

After the installation, restart it.

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After logging in, you'll see the Ubuntu desktop.

We have successfully installed Ubuntu in VirtualBox.

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22. Add and Manage User Accounts in Ubuntu
AIM:- Add and Manage User Accounts in Ubuntu
Description:-
User Management becomes a critical consideration when you want to add multiple users to the system. If the user
management on your system is not effective, you may have to compromise the security and access of the private and
sensitive information residing on your system
It provides you with simple techniques that you can utilize in order to have an effective user management control. It
includes user and group management procedures, both through the UI and the command line that you can perform
through very basic steps.

Managing Users
You can add users to the Ubuntu system through the UI; however, advance user management needs to be
done through the command line.
Adding a User through the GUI
Open the Account Settings dialog either through Ubuntu Dash or by clicking the down-arrow located at the top right
corner of your Ubuntu screen. Click your username and then select Account Settings as follows:

The following Users dialog will open. Please note that all the fields will be disabled by default. You will need to
provide authentication in order to work further with this dialog. Click the Unlock button located in the top right
corner of the Users dialog.

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Managing Users
You can add users to the Ubuntu system through the UI; however, advance user management needs to be
done through the command line.

Adding a User through the GUI

Please follow these steps in order to add a user through Ubuntu’s graphical interface:
Open the Account Settings dialog either through Ubuntu Dash or by clicking the down-arrow located at the
top right corner of your Ubuntu screen. Click your username and then select Account Settings as follows:

The following Users dialog will open. Please note that all the fields will be disabled by default. You will
need to provide authentication in order to work further with this dialog. Click the Unlock button located in
the top right corner of the Users dialog.

The following Authentication dialog will open for you to provide authentication information as an
administrator because only this way you will be able to create or edit user accounts:

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Please provide your password and then click the Authenticate button. You will now be able to see that all the
fields in the Users dialog are enabled for you to work on:

Click the Add User button. The following Add User dialog will open for you to enter details of the new user
you want to create:

You can specify if you want to create a Standard or an Administrative user through this dialog. It is also
important to know that it is not a good security practice to leave the password field empty for the new user.
This way any user can log in and access private and secure data on your system.
Click the Add button which will only be enabled when you have provided all the valid information in the
Add User dialog.
The new user will now be created and you will be able to see it in the Users dialog as follows:

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 Adding A User Through the Command Line
The Ubuntu command line gives more control to an administrator to perform user management operations.
Please follow the following steps in order to add a user through the command line:
1. Open the Terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T or through the Ubuntu Dash.
2. Enter the following command in order to add a new user:

$ sudo adduser [username]

You will be required to enter a password for sudo. You will also be asked to type and retype password(for re-
confirmation) for the new user. You can choose to provide or ignore entering biodata of the new user as it is
optional.
Enter Y if the information you provided is correct and then hit the Enter key.
The new user will now be created on your Ubuntu system.
Locking/Unlocking User Accounts
Ubuntu lets you temporarily lock and unlock any user account through the following commands:
$ sudo passwd -l username
$ sudo passwd -u username
Deleting a User Through the Command Line
You can delete a user through the command line by using the following command:

$ sudo deluser [username]

In this example, we have deleted the guest user. Please remember that if a user is deleted from a group which
has no more members, that user group will also automatically be deleted.

Adding a Group
In order to add a new user group, please enter the following command:

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$ sudo addgroup [groupname]

Example:

A new group will be created and a unique group ID(GID) will be assigned to it.

Adding Users to a Group

You can add an already existing user to a group through the following command:

$ sudo adduser [username] [groupname]

Example:

Viewing Group Information

In order to view members of a group, use the following command:

$ groups username

You can use the following command to list the group members along with their GIDs

$ id username

Assigning Group While Creating a User

You can assign a group to a user simultaneously while creating a new user as follows:

$ sudo useradd -G [groupname] [username]

Example:

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Set or change the password for the user
Please note that this new user has not been assigned a password. It is not a good security practice, therefore
you should assign the password to this new user as soon as possible through the following command:

$ sudo passwd [username]

Example:

The new user will now have a password.

Listing All Groups
You can list all the groups residing on your system through the following command:

$ sudo getent group

Deleting a Group
In order to delete a user group from your system, you can use the following command:

$ sudo delgroup [groupname]

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