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Common Rail Pressure Sensor
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General description
The common rail pressure sensor is located on the fuel rail. Its
function is to monitor the fuel pressure in the common rail.
Sensor is used by the ECM as a part of the calculation for the % duty
cycle applied to the Fuel Pressure Control Valve and Fuel Quantity
Control Valve.
It’s a three-wire sensor: +5V powered from the ECM, output signal and
ground. Output range is 0.5 ÷ 4.5V for Bosch, Delphi and Siemens rail
pressure sensors and 1.0 ÷ 4.2V - for the Denso sensors.
Appearance
Fig. 1 shows a typical common rail pressure sensor.
Fig. 1
Principle of operation of the common rail pressure sensor
Pressure measurement results from the bending of a steel diaphragm
on which are located polysilicon strain-gauge elements. These are
connected in the form of a Wheatstone bridge. This permits high
signal utilization and good temperature compensation. The Menu
measurement signal is ampli ed in an evaluation IC and corrected
with respect to
o set and sensitivity. At this point, temperature compensation againHome
takes place so that the calibrated unit comprising measuring cell and
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ASIC only has a very low temperature-dependence level. Part of the
evaluation IC is applied for a diagnostic function which can detect theProducts
following potential defects:
– Fracture of a bonding wire to the measuring cell. Library
– Fracture anywhere on any of the signal lines.
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– Fracture of the bridge supply and ground.
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Order to verify functionality of the common rail pressure
sensor
• Testing the output signal
Connect the ground lead of the oscilloscope to chassis ground.
Start the engine and left it idling
Connect the active probe to the sensor’s output wire (usually in the
middle).
Watch the oscilloscope screen. Pressure must be in the range
between 25 to 35MPa during engine idling.
Press the throttle sharply and then release it, pressure must rise up
to 100MPa and then reduce to around 30MPa.
In g.2 you’ll be able to monitor pressure (y axis) change as a function
of time (x axis).
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Fig.2
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• Possible failures in the common rail pressure sensor:
- Chaotic output signal
Chaotic output signal is, when the voltage signal changes randomly,
drops to zero and disappears.
This usually happens when an ine cient common rail pressure
sensor is present. In this case the sensor must be replaced.
- Missing of signal voltage
Check whether the supply voltage is applied (+5.0V).
Check for grounding problems.
If the supply voltage and the grounding are correct, check the signal
wire between the common rail pressure sensor and the onboard
controller.
If the supply voltage and/or grounding are not correct, check the
condition of the wires between the sensor and the ECU.
If all wires of the sensor are correct, check all connections for the
reference voltage and ground of the onboard controller. If they are
correct under suspicion falls the ECU.
- The common rail pressure sensor power supply or signal is equal
to the car battery voltage.
Check for a short circuit to the positive terminal of the car battery.
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