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HSSRptr-Victers Notes Plus One Class-2

This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It defines physical quantities as things that can be measured and introduces base and derived units. The seven base SI units are defined as the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Additional supplementary units of the radian and steradian are also introduced. The document provides examples and details on these fundamental and derived units.

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Aravind Shabu
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80 views6 pages

HSSRptr-Victers Notes Plus One Class-2

This document discusses units and measurement in physics. It defines physical quantities as things that can be measured and introduces base and derived units. The seven base SI units are defined as the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela. Additional supplementary units of the radian and steradian are also introduced. The document provides examples and details on these fundamental and derived units.

Uploaded by

Aravind Shabu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Plus One-PHYSICS

Prepared by Sujith.P
Higher Secondary Teacher
Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101

Chapter-1 UNITS AND MEASUREMENT


Victers Class 2

Quantity
Something that can be measured is called a ‘quantity’. The process
of assigning a numerical value to a quantity is called ‘measurement’
and such quantities are called ‘Physical quantity’.
e.g- Length of room, mass of sugar, time of seminar, Height and
weight of a person etc

A physical quantity which does not depend on other quantities and is


directly measured, can not be simplified further is called a ‘Base’ or
‘Fundamental quantity’.
e.g- Length, mass, time etc

Physical quantities that can be obtained and expressed in terms of


fundamental quantities are called ‘Derived quantities’.
e.g- Speed, volume, density, force etc

Unit
In the measurement of any physical quantity, we require some
‘reference standard’. This refer standard of measurement is called a
‘Unit’.
Features of Unit
› Well defined
› Arbitrarily chosen
› Internationally accepted

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101


“An arbitrarily chosen internationally accepted reference standard
used for the measurement of a physical quantity is called unit”.
The units of fundamental quantities are called ‘fundamental or base
units’ and the units of derived quantities are called ‘derived units’.
e.g- m(metre) is a base unit but m/s(metre per second) is a derived unit
A complete set of these units, both the base units and derived units,
is known as the ‘system of units’.

In addition to these, a fourth one called SI units is also added.


System of International d’ Unites is abbreviated as SI. Following are
the ‘seven fundamental units’ of International System of Units.

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101


Points to be remember when using SI units

› metre

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101


› kilogram

› second

second has only present, no starting and ending...

› ampere

› kelvin

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101


› mole
mole is represented as ‘mol’ in units.

› candela
The word candela is Latin for ‘candle’.

In addition to seven fundamental units, there are following two


‘supplementary units’.

› radian(rad)
It is defined as the plane angle between the two radii of a circle which
cut off on the circumference an arc of length equal to the radius of
that circle.

arc
angle=
radius
ie 360o corresponds to an arc of 2πr
So 360 = 2 πr r ie 360 =2 π
o o

› steradian(sr)
It is defined as the solid angle subtended at the centre of a sphere by
an area of its surface equal to the square of the radius of the sphere.

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101


The value of solid angle(dΩ) around a point is 4π(the shape is a
sphere)
we know that d Ω= dA where dA is the surface area of sphere and
r2
d Ω=4 π
dA
ie 4 π= 2
r
therefore dA=4 π r 2 is the surface area of sphere.

Assignment
What is the difference between mN, Nm and nm?

Sujith.P, Ghss Karuvanpoyil-10101

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