Annexure-I

Micro-Project Proposal
Title of Micro project : HVDC & EHV Transmission LInes
Aims/ benefits of the Micro-project: HVDC & EHV Transmission LInes
Course outcomes addressed: Interpret the Parameters of the extra High Voltage Transmission Lines
Proposed Methodology:

As Our Group Members have sugeested the micro-project regarding HVDC & EHV Transmission
LInes.,we have distributed work among our group memebers equally . As Akash and Pratik have
gathered Information about Transmission lines with the help of web articles,Slides and
youtube.Sankalp has find out information about High Voltage Transmission lines from various
different sites.Sameer and Namdev also helped sameer for gathering information,Later all the
Editing Process was done by Akash Bhagat and made a soft copy and completed our micro-project

Sr. no. Details of activity Planned started Planned finished Name of

Date Date responsible team
members
1. Gathering 04-April-2021 18-April-2021 Akash Bhagat
Information
2. Gathering 20-April-2021 25- April-2021 Pratik Valanu
Information
3. Editing 27-April-2021 05-May-2021 Sankalp Patil
4. Editing 05-May-2021 012-May-2021 Sameer
Naiknaware
5. Merging Document 15-May-2021 22-May-2021 Namdev Shelke

Resources Required:

Sr. No. Name of Specification Quantity Remarks

resources
1. Reference book - 1
2. Laptop - 1
3. Web Articles -

Group Members
SR.NO NAME OF STUDENT ROLL NO

1 BHAGAT AKASH RAJENDRA 2466

2 VALANU PRATIK PRAKASH 2467

3 PATIL SANKALP SANJAY 2468

4 NAIKNAWARE SAMEER SUBHASH 2469

5 SHELKE NAMDEV KANU 2470

 ANNEXURE II
Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project
Academic Year: 2020-2021 Name of Faculty: Mr. Mohan Sawarkar

Course: Elcetrical Drawing and CAD

Course Code: 22033 Semester: 4th

Title of the Project: HVDC & EHV Transmission LInes

COS addressed by the Micro Project:

Interpret the Parameters of the extra High Voltage Transmission Lines

Major learning Outcomes achieved by students by doing the Project

a) Practical Outcomes: EHV & HVDC Transmission LInes

Comments/Suggestion about team work/ leadership/inter-personal communication (if any):

As a group leader (Akash Bhagat) ,and a direct 2 nd year Student I am already fond of Transmission
Lines ,and I also Got a quick response from my group members as I shared our topic. We did a good
teamwork as members were very actively doing theie work which we have distributed among us. We
shared our opnions , ideas among others group members. From this micro project, we deeply
acknowledgement of Maintenance of transformer.

Roll no. Student name Marks out of 6 for Marks out of 4 for Total out of 10
performance in performance in oral/
group activity presentation(D5Col.9)
(D5Col.8)
2466 BHAGAT AKASH
RAJENDRA
2467 VALANU PRATIK
PRAKASH
2468 PATIL SANKALP
SANJAY
2469 NAIKNAWARE
SAMEER SUBHASH
2470 SHELKE NAMDEV
KANU
(Name & Signature of faculty
 BHARTI VIDYAPEETH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NAVI MUMBAI

Department: Electrical Engineering

Subject: Electrical Power Transmission & Distribution
Subject Teacher: Mr. Mohan Sawarkar
Project Title: EHV & HVDC Transmission Lines

Group Members
SR.NO NAME OF STUDENT ROLL NO
1 BHAGAT AKASH RAJENDRA 2466
2 VALANU PRATIK PRAKASH 2467
3 PATIL SANKALP SANJAY 2468
4 NAIKNAWARE SAMEER SUBHASH 2469
5 SHELKE NAMDEV KANU 2470
 INTRODUCTION

 With the increasing of requirement of electrical power

 supply the facilities have to be increased in that
 transmission plays an important role.
 Here HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission
 plays major role in power transmission.
 First HVDC transmission linked between gotland and
 mainland in sweden in 1954.
 The HVDC transmission has many advantages over
 HVAC transmission.

A HVDC stands for High Voltage Direct Current and is today a well proven
technology all over the world.

Two AC systems having different frequencies can be linked up together by

means of HVDC link. HVDC technology is used to transmit electricity over

long distances.

WHY DC TRANSMISSION ?

 Losses are less in DC transmission while comparing to AC transmission.

 Only two conductors are required for DC with positive and negative
polarities.
 DC overhead lines or cables are less expensive.
 DC lines are useful for long distances above500km.
COMPARISON OF HVAC AND HVDC

 Conventionally power transmission is affected through HVAC systems

all over the world.
 HVAC transmission is having several limitations like, line length ,
uncontrolled power flow, over/low voltages during lightly / over loaded
conditions, stability problems, fault isolation etc.
 HVDC have low transmission losses and it requires only two conductors.
MAIN COMPONENTS OF HVDC :

 Converters

 Smoothing reactors

 Harmonic filters

 Reactive power source

 Electrodes

 Dc lines

 Ac circuit breakers

HVDC TRANSMISSION CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED

 Monopolar link

 Bipolar link

 Homopolar link

Monopolar link – It has a single conductor of negative polarity and uses

earth or sea for the return path of current. Sometimes the metallic return is also
used. In the Monopolar link, two converters are placed at the end of each pole.
Earthing of poles is done by earth electrodes placed about 15 to 55 km away
from the respective terminal stations. But this link has several disadvantages
because it uses earth as a return path. The monopolar link is not much in use
nowadays.
Bipolar link – The Bipolar link has two conductors one is positive, and the
other one is negative to the earth. The link has converter station at each end.
The midpoints of the converter stations are earthed through electrodes. The
voltage of the earthed electrodes is just half the voltage of the conductor used
for transmission the HVDC.

The most significant advantage of the bipolar link is that if any of their links
stop operating, the link is converted into Monopolar mode because of the
ground return system. The half of the system continues supplies the power.
Such types of links are commonly used in the HVDC systems.
Homopolar link– It has two conductors of the same polarity usually negative
polarity, and always operates with earth or metallic return. In the homopolar
link, poles are operated in parallel, which reduces the insulation cost.

The homopolar system is not used presently.

BASIC TRANSMISSION OF HVDC

 Back to Back Transmission.

 Point to point Overhead line Transmission.

 Point to point Underground Cable Transmission.

 Point to point Sub marine Transmission.

NEED OF HVDC

 The losses which occurs in the systems are comparatively low at all the
stages (i.e.) at generation , transmission & distribution level.
 The losses at transmission level canbe highly reduced by HVDC
transmission.

TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES

 Lesser Corona Loss and Radio interference.

 The voltage regulation problem is much lessserious for DC, since only
the IR drop isinvolved. For the same reason steady statestability is no
longer a major problem.
 No skin and proximity and Ferranti effect
 Asynchronous operation possible betweenregions having different
electrical parameters.

ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES

 DC lines and cables are cheaper than AC lines or cables.

 The towers of the DC lines are narrower,
 simpler and cheaper compared to the towers of the AC lines.
 Line losses in a DC line are lower than the losses in an AC lines.

DISADVANTAGES OF HVDC

 The disadvantages of HVDC are in conversion,switching, control,

availability and maintenance.
  There is nothing like DC transformer which canchange the voltage level
in a simple way. Voltage transformation has to be provided on the AC
sides ofthe system.
 The required converter stations are expensive and havelimited overload
capacity.

APPLICATIONS OF HVDC TRANSMISSION IN INDIA

 Rihand-delhi and chandrapur-padghe were the first long distance hvdc

projects in India.
 In 1990 ,rihand-delhi (singrauli) thermal power complex with a combined
power generation of Several thousand MW was put in to service. it covers
over a distance of 814
 The 1500 MW transmission chandrapur-padghe was put in to service. it
covers over distance of 736 km
 EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION

INTRODUCTION

 In electric power transmission engineering this refers to equipment

designed for more than 345 ,000 volts between conductors.
 Two factors considered in the classification of a "high voltage" are the
possibility of causing spark in the air and danger of electric shock by
contact.
VOLTAGE RANGE

 Extra low voltage — below 70 V

 Low voltage — upto I00OV
 Medium Voltage — I00OV to 35 kV
 High Voltage — 35 kV to 230 kV
 Extra high voltage — above 230 kV
 Ultra high voltage — above 800 Kv

TRANSMISSION PLANNING

 Data evaluation.
 Technical evaluation.
 Economic evaluation.
 Environmental impact assessment.

NEED

 Increase transmission efficiency.

 Decrease volume of the conductor. Increase transmission capacity.
 Economical to interconnect the power system on a large scale.
 No. of circuit and the land requirement decreases.

COMPONENT

 Conductor
 Earth wire
 Insulator
 Transmission tower
DESIGN METHODOLOGY

 Collecting preliminary line design data and gathering available climatic

data.
 Calculating climatic loading on components.
 Calculating loads according to safety requirements.
 Selecting appropriate correction factors.
 Designing the components for the above load and strengths.

ELECTRICAL REQUIREMENT

 Continuous current rating.

 Short time current rating.
 Voltage drop.
 Power loss.
 Diameter of conductor.
 Length of line.
SELECTION OF TRANSMISSION VOLTAGE

 Standard voltage — 66,110,132,220,400 KV

 Selection criterion of Economic Voltage
 Length of line
 Voltage regulation
 Power loss in transmission
 Initial and operating cost

SELECTION OF TOWER STRUCTURE

 Single circuit tower/Double circuit tower.

 Length of insulator assembly.
 Minimum clearances between conductors, between conductors and
ground.
 Location of ground wires with respect to outermost conductor.
  Minimum clearance of the lowest conductor aboveground level.

ADVANTAGES OF EHV

 Redution in the current.

 Reduction in the losses.
 Reduction in volume of conductor material required.
 Decrease in voltage drop & improvement of voltage regulation.
 lncrease in Transmission Efficiency.
 lncreased power handling capacity.
 The no. of circuits & the land requirement reduces as transmission
voltage increases.
 The total line cost per MW per km decreases considerably with the
 increase in line voltage.

DISADVANTAGES OF EHV

 Corona loss & radio interference

  Line supports
 Erection difficulties
 lnsulation needs
 The cost of transformers, switchgear equipments & protective equipments
increases with increase in transmission line voltage.
 The EHV lines generates electrostatic effects which are harmful to human
beings & animals.

APPLICATION

 In electrical power distribution.

 In cathode ray tubes, to generate X-rays and particle beams, to
demonstration arcing for ignition.
 In photomultiplier tube
 Industrial and scientific application.

CONCLUSION

• From economical point of view designing of tmnsmission line system is very

important in the electricity supply system.
• Extra High Voltage Transmission Lines are best suited for transmission of
bulk power.
• It helps to investigate system functionality, performance and to verify ovemll
design.

REFERENCES
www.google.co.in
www.slideshare.net
www.youtube.com
THANK YOU