Simple Present Tense: 1. For Repeated or Regular Actions in The Present Time Period

Prepared by instructor: Harem Q.
Saleem
Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an action that is
regular, true or normal.
We use the present tense:
1. for repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
 John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.
2. for facts.
 A dog has four legs.
3. for habits.
 I get up early every day.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
 It rains a lot in winter.
Structure
(subject) He, she and it = verb: s + es.
(subject) I, you, we and they = verb without s,es.
Question
Does (he, she, it) example: does she work hard?
Do (I, you, we, they) example: do you speak English?
Negative
(he, she, it) doesn’t example: she doesn’t work hard.
(I, you, we, they) don’t example: I don’t speak English.
1
Prepared by instructor: Harem Q. Salim
Simple Past Tense
The simple past tense is used to talk about a completed action in a time
before now. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant
past and action duration is not important.
Examples
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.
Structure
Subject (he, she, it, I, you, we and they) + ( verb+ ed or irregular).
Example: I watched T.V last night.
I went to park yesterday.
Question
Did (he, she, it, I, you, we and they)
Example: did you watch T.V last night.
She studied English two hours ago.
Negative
(he, she, it, I, you, we and they) didn’t
Example: I didn’t watch movies last night.
2
Prepared by instructor: Harem Q. Saleem
Present Continues
positive:
Positive
I am sleeping
you are sleeping
he is sleeping
Negative by adding 'not':
Negative
I am not sleeping
you are not playing
he is not reading
she is not working
Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question
with 'be' in the present simple, here we also put 'am', 'is', or 'are'
before the subject to make a 'yes / no' question:
am I eating chocolate ?
are you studying now ?
is he working ?
3
Past Continues
The past continuous tense (also called the past progressive tense) is
commonly used in English for actions which were going on (had not
finished) at a particular time in the past. We use it to say what we were in
the middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.
In this lesson we look at the structure and the use of the Past Continuous
tense, followed by a quiz to check your understanding.
How do we make the Past Continuous tense?
The structure of the past continuous tense is:
Subject auxiliary verb main verb
+I was watching TV.
+ You were working Hard.
- He, she, it was not helping Mary.
- We were not Joking.
4
While and When in Past Continues
While vs. When
Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or
"when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she
was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in
the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense simple past,
whereas "while" is usually followed by past continuous. "While"
expresses the idea of "during that time." Examples:
 I was studying when she called.

 While I was studying, she called.
5
Present Perfect
The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action
has taken place once or many times before now.
Present Perfect Forms
The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle.

Questions are indicated by inverting the subject and has/have. Negatives
are made with not.
 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

 Question: Have you seen that movie many times?
 Negative: You have not seen that movie many times.
Past Perfect
The past perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action took
place once or many times before another point in the past.
Past Perfect Forms
The past perfect is formed using had + past participle. Questions are
indicated by inverting the subject and had. Negatives are made with not.
 Statement: You had studied English before you moved to New

York.
 Question: Had you studied English before you moved to New
York?
 Negative: You had not studied English before you moved to New
York.

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Prepared by instructor: Harem Q.

Simple Present Tense

Simple Past Tense

 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.

Subject (he, she, it, I, you, we and they) + ( verb+ ed or irregular).

Example: I watched T.V last night.

I went to park yesterday.

Did (he, she, it, I, you, we and they)

Example: did you watch T.V last night.

She studied English two hours ago.

(he, she, it, I, you, we and they) didn’t

Example: I didn’t watch movies last night.

you are sleeping

Negative by adding 'not':

you are not playing

she is not working

are you studying now ?

How do we make the Past Continuous tense?

The structure of the past continuous tense is:

Subject auxiliary verb main verb

+I was watching TV.

+ You were working Hard.

- He, she, it was not helping Mary.

- We were not Joking.

While and When in Past Continues

While vs. When

 I was studying when she called.

Present Perfect Forms

The present perfect is formed using has/have + past participle.

 Statement: You have seen that movie many times.

Past Perfect Forms

 Statement: You had studied English before you moved to New

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