CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY
(CvSU)
DON SEVERINO DE LAS ALAS CAMPUS
Indang, Cavite
(046) 415-0021 (046) 415-0012
E-mail: cvsu@asia.com
College of Engineering and Information Technology
First semester, Academic Year 2020-2021
HOUSING
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture on
Arch 220 Housing
Submitted by:
Justin Lyle F. Ugalde
201710196
BS ARCH 5-1
Submitted to:
Arch. Kenneth Tributo,uap
November 29, 2021
Technological
Issues in Mass
Housing
Most Common Building Construction Phase Mistakes
1. Poor access to above-ceiling components. Poor access often yields poor
maintenance of building systems. Equipment, valves, disconnect switches, and
dampers often are located above ceilings in locations that are not accessible to the
building operations and maintenance staff. Resolution of these issues not only
encourages better maintenance of the building systems, but also reduces risk of injury
to facility staff trying to reach components in difficult locations.
2. Insufficient access panels provided. System components located above hard
ceilings must be accessible. Resolving instances where an access panel has not
been provided, is insufficient in size, or is blocked by cabinetry or other permanent
objects such as millwork or furniture is hugely important.
3. Duct insulation vapor barrier that is damaged. Often, a vapor barrier
surrounding duct insulation is damaged or unsealed during installation. These
openings in the vapor barrier allow warm air to condense on the cold ductwork,
yielding moisture that damages duct insulation and building materials below the duct.
4. Insufficient space to allow full thickness of duct insulation. Spaces between
duct components and adjacent piping, building structure, or other duct components
are often insufficient for the full required depth of duct insulation. Compressed duct
insulation not only contributes to poor energy performance but also can damage
building materials below due to condensation caused by the reduced R value of the
compressed insulation.
5. Duct insulation that is not continuous. Duct insulation that is not continuous
through partitions (non-fire-rated) is a frequent issue. This allows warm air to
condense on the exposed duct section within the wall. This condensation then
damages adjacent drywall, insulation, and finishes while also contributing to energy
loss through the uninsulated area. Situations like this are also prime candidates for
mold and mildew formation because the effects of condensation are often hidden
within the partition and are not noticed quickly.
6. Piping not insulated. Similar to duct insulation, piping is also often found to
be uninsulated. This allows warm air to condense on cool piping, contributing to
damage of adjacent materials, and causing unnecessary energy loss through the
uninsulated area on both hot- and cold-water piping.
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7. Mechanical controls issues. It’s fairly common, when a commissioning agent
begins testing, to find that mechanical equipment does not respond to controls, does
not operate in a specific mode, and has not been optimized for long-term operation.
8. Lighting controls tuning. Lighting controls issues are also very common. These
include occupancy controls that do not deactivate lighting at the proper time and
daylighting controls that are improperly calibrated and over-illuminate the spaces that
they serve.
9. Moisture intrusion through windows. During commissioning testing of windows
in the building envelope, commissioning agents often identify systemic problems in
window installations. These issues allow moisture intrusion into the building that leads
to material damage and conditions promoting mold and mildew formation.
10. Moisture intrusion through roof. Observations during installation and testing of
completed roofs often identify improperly installed roofing materials and roof drain
bodies that allow moisture intrusion through the roof that will also damage materials
and promote mold and mildew formation.
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Problems encountered in the construction of aluminum formwork system.
Aluminium Formwork System is a construction system for forming cast in
place concrete structure of a building. It is also a system for scheduling and
controlling the work of other construction trades such as steel reinforcement,
concrete placement and mechanical and electrical conduits.
1. Due to the irregular installation of the starting board, the position of the starting
board of the outer wall is not flat, which causes the horizontal elevation to be
uncontrollable, the overall unevenness, and the wall panel to be displaced.
2. The vertical steel bars are biased, resulting in the wall panels not being assembled
or the template mounting axis offset.
3. The positioning ribs were not welded as required. After the wall panels were
installed, they were not measured and corrected in time. The verticality of the wall was
not enough and uneven, which affected the surface quality and decoration quality of
the main structure.
4. The wall positioning steel is drilled, which causes the pipeline in the floor to be
damaged, which seriously affects the installation of the pipeline in the later stage.
5. The wall formwork and the ground gap are large, the concrete is not vibrated in
place, the root of the wall is leaking, honeycomb, pockmark, and bubble holes.
6. The wall support strip is longer than the width of the wall, and some of the wall
support strips are inclined, which does not function well to control the protective layer
of the steel and the cross-sectional dimensions of the wall.
7. The wall bracing is not set according to the requirements. The verticality of the wall
formwork installation is not adjusted in time when it does not meet the requirements.
8. The pin, the pin missing or the pin, the pin is not installed as required, resulting in
the template reinforcement not in place, the inspection and inspection is too formal,
and the mold is not tight when the concrete is poured, and the expansion of the mold
occurs in some places, causing the surface of the wall to be uneven.
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9. The PVC sleeve of the pull screw is not installed in place, and the wall can not be
pulled out by the pull screw, which affects the recycling of the material and needs to
be cut at a later stage.
10. The concrete level elevation has not been reviewed, the flatness of the floor is
deviated, and the floor elevation has gradually increased, which has an impact on the
project acceptance.
11. The wrong layer balcony area is improperly erected, and the support rods are
directly erected on the outer frame. The safety construction is not guaranteed, which
may lead to deformation of the outer frame and structural instability.
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Problems encountered in the construction of Tunnel formwork system.
Tunnel form is a formwork system that allows the contractor to cast walls
and slabs in one operation on a daily cycle. It combines the speed, quality
and accuracy with the flexibility and economy of in-situ construction.
Construction durations are reduced significantly by this rapid system when
compared to conventional methods. Tunnel Form System brings speed,
quality and accuracy to concrete construction and provides big savings in
finishing and M&E works.
1. High initial investment is high and it further increases for small sized projects.
2. Implementing all internal walls in the form of reinforced concrete is unnecessary
which causes lack of changes in the plan and concrete increases dead load of the
building.
3. Precast elements like stairs, parapets etc are used and this requires separate
workshop arrangement.
4. The activities involving erection, removal and carriage of formwork, scaffolds, and
placing of pre-cast components to the required place involves use of tower cranes
and this increases cost. Topographic limitations can make movement of cranes
difficult in some projects.
5. All activities need to be planned and executed according to the dependency to
minimize time and cost. This requires efficient construction management and high
cash flow.
6. Large spans of slab cannot be executed due to increased gap between the tunnel
form panels. Here combination of formwork system may be adopted. Very short span
of slab incorporates difficulty in removal of tunnel form at the time of stripping and
suspended ceiling is needed. Basement stories are avoided as it is difficult to remove
formwork.
7. Axial system plays important role and load bearing walls must be designed
continuously on the same axial system to resist horizontal forces.
8. The number of labour required is less and it is more efficient as compared to that in
traditional formwork. Thus proper training is required to impart skills to handle tunnel
formwork.
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Problems encountered in the construction of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) core
Panel system.
Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) core Panel system is a modern, efficient, safe and
economic construction system for the construction of buildings. These panels can be
used both as load bearing as well as non-load bearing elements. EPS core panel is a
3D panel consisting of 3-dimensional welded wire space frame provided with the
polystyrene insulation core. Panel is placed in position and shotcrete on both the
sides.
1. Complex construction as it involves hanging nets.
2.Toxic, ordinary polystyrene foam insulation board is easy to burn, toxic combustion
fumes is emitted when burnt.
3.Material strength is poor, prone to cracking and falling insulation phenomenon.
4.These panels needs strengthening treatment because of its limited strength.
Although the advantages of polystyrene foam insulation board is more, but the
disadvantages are more deadly. At present, the market has been gradually reduced
the use of EPS panels.
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Disadvantages of The Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Panel.
Glass Fibre Reinforced Gypsum (GFRG) is a new building material and it is also
known as Rapidwall building panel. Glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels (GFRG) are
hollow panels made from modified gypsum plaster and reinforced with chopped glass
fibers. The panel contains cavities that may be filled with concrete and reinforced with
steel bars to impart additional strength and provide ductility and also it can be used for
the construction of walls, floor and roof slabs.
1. During the construction process, more space is required for the crane to move.
2. As the design of the GFRG panel is complicated, it can make the construction
process less economical.
3. To install the GFRG panels, highly qualified and experienced labor is required.
GFRG panels must be handled with great care during the transportation and
assembly process.
4. Cutting GFRG panels on-site requires specific machines.
5. The whole procedure involved the assembly and placement of the GFRG panels is
a bit complicated and can be difficult to follow.
6. GFRG panels cannot be used for the construction of walls with circular or higher.
The panels need to be stacked neatly to avoid abrasion.
7. Free space is limited to 5m for residential buildings.
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Problems encountered in the construction of Light Gauge Steel Framed
Structures.
Light Gauge Steel Framed Structures (LGSF) is based on factory made galvanized
light gauge steel components, designed as per codal requirements. The system is
produced by cold forming method and assembled as panels at site forming structural
steel framework of a building of varying sizes of wall and floor.
1. Can lose properties – Much like structural steel, LGS properties can be lost in the
event of a fire.
2. Supporting Structures – Steel frame constructions rarely work on their own.
They usually require drywall, sheathing, insulation and supplementary wooden
components to bring a building together. In the opinion of some construction
businesses, this longer construction time is an argument against steel frame
constructions, although usually, the time savings outweigh any adjustments that need
to be made on site.
3. Light framed structures allow the passage of sound which is undesirable. As a
result, it requires soundproofing, and thermal insulation.
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Problems encountered in the construction of Waffle-Crete Building System.
Waffle-Crete Building system consists of large structural ribbed panels of reinforced
precast concrete, bolted together and the joints between the panels are caulked to
form the walls, floor and pitched or flat roofs of buildings.
1. Require greater floor-to-floor height.
2. Require special or proprietary form work which is costly.
3. Requires strict supervision and skilled labor.
4. Difficult in maintenance.
5. Not suitable in highly windy area.
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REFERENCE:
https://civiljungle.com/disadvantages-of-glass-fiber-reinforced-gypsum/
https://www.commonfloor.com/guide/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-gfrg-pa
nel-in-building-construction-56361
https://www.constrofacilitator.com/formwork-technology-demand-for-mass-housing/
https://www.sawdust.online/blog/16-technologies-suitable-for-mass-housing/
https://www.sawdust.online/blog/16-technologies-suitable-for-mass-housing/
https://www.homeadvisor.com/r/solving-common-construction-problems/
https://home.howstuffworks.com/home-improvement/construction/planning/10-major-
construction-mistakes.htm
https://gosmartbricks.com/common-mistakes-to-avoid-constructing-house/
https://www.viewpoint.com/blog/10-most-common-contractor-mistakes
https://bmtpc.org/newsdetails.aspx?mid=13
