This document provides an overview of Lab #1 which involves initializing a microcontroller, configuring GPIO pins, and basic scheduling to blink an LED. The objective is to understand the architecture of the evaluation board and microcontroller as well as digital I/O pins. The methodology configures a pin as an output, toggles the pin to turn the LED on and off, and introduces a delay loop to observe the blinking. Completing this experiment provides knowledge of the microcontroller components and blinking an LED.
This document provides an overview of Lab #1 which involves initializing a microcontroller, configuring GPIO pins, and basic scheduling to blink an LED. The objective is to understand the architecture of the evaluation board and microcontroller as well as digital I/O pins. The methodology configures a pin as an output, toggles the pin to turn the LED on and off, and introduces a delay loop to observe the blinking. Completing this experiment provides knowledge of the microcontroller components and blinking an LED.
This document provides an overview of Lab #1 which involves initializing a microcontroller, configuring GPIO pins, and basic scheduling to blink an LED. The objective is to understand the architecture of the evaluation board and microcontroller as well as digital I/O pins. The methodology configures a pin as an output, toggles the pin to turn the LED on and off, and introduces a delay loop to observe the blinking. Completing this experiment provides knowledge of the microcontroller components and blinking an LED.
This document provides an overview of Lab #1 which involves initializing a microcontroller, configuring GPIO pins, and basic scheduling to blink an LED. The objective is to understand the architecture of the evaluation board and microcontroller as well as digital I/O pins. The methodology configures a pin as an output, toggles the pin to turn the LED on and off, and introduces a delay loop to observe the blinking. Completing this experiment provides knowledge of the microcontroller components and blinking an LED.
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Embedded Systems Lab
Spring 2020
Lab # 1 Initialization, GPIO, Basic Scheduling
Please note: This is only a suggestion/proposal to help you put together the lab report, the template/format can be changed per lab expectations. Please edit this document as needed
Honor code:
Student Name:: School ID # Submission Date:
Lab # 1 1. Experimental Objective: The objective of this lab is to
Understand General architecture & Key features of the EVB and the microcontroller.
Familiar with the Concepts of microcontroller pins (IOs) and usage Pins:
Digital inputs, (push buttons) and Digital Outputs (LEDs).
First foot in the door exposure to the programming of I/O, which when executed by the microcontroller (32-bit TM4C1294NCPDT) simply blinks LED located on the development board.
3. Methodology/Design: A microcontroller (MCU or μC) is a small integrated circuit device which is used to control whole portion of electronic system. Micro-controller is a basic computer system on a chip. They are used in many automatically controlled devices, such as remote controls, power tools appliances, and toys. Microcontrollers electronically controls many more processes by reducing the size, cost, power consumption and cost as compared to other designs. A microcontroller is a single integrated circuit, commonly with the following features: • Central processing unit - The central processing unit functions like managing data flow, arithmetic operations and generates control signals in accordance with the sequence of instructions created by the programmer. It ranges from small and simple 4-bit processors to 32- or 64-bit processors • Input/output interfaces such as serial ports (UARTs) • Other serial communications interfaces like I²C, Serial Peripheral Interface and Controller Area Network for system interconnect • Peripherals such as timers and watchdog • RAM for data storage • ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program storage • Clock generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal, resonator or RC circuit
Input/output Ports Microcontroller consists of one or more registers which are connected to the pins of microcontroller. Usually, each I/O port is under control of another SFR, which means that each bit of that register determines the state of the corresponding microcontroller pin. To program a pin to be an output or an input, we simply send a 0 or a 1 to the relevant bit in the TRISx register (0 for output and 1 for input) To make one of the output pins high (+5v), we simply send a ‘1’ to the corresponding bit in PORTx register.
Flash memory Memory of the microcontroller can be written and re-written many times the microcontrollers with Flash ROM are ideal for learning, experimentation, and small- scale manufacture. Because of its popularity, the most microcontrollers are manufactured in flash versions today. So, if you are going to buy a microcontroller, the type to look for is definitely flash. Random Access Memory (RAM) Random Access Memory is used for storing data and intermediate results during the operation of the microcontroller temporarily. Once the power supply of the system goes off, the contents of the memory become cleared. Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM) Like RAM, the contents of the EEPROM can be changed during the operation but remains permanently saved even power is turned off. EEPROM usually used to store values, during operation, which must be permanently saved. For example, if you design an electronic lock or an alarm, it would be great to enable the user to create and enter a password, but useless if it is lost every time the power supply goes off. The ideal solution is the microcontroller with an embedded EEPROM.
4. Observation: Structure of the Program By using infinite toggling 28 bits loop of the address 0x2009C020, LED flashing code is implemented after a certain delay. The shorter flowchart leads to smaller code size and the longer flowchart translates to an inefficient code. The overall structure of the program is shown in listing below which begins by defining macros for the relevant register addresses. The main routine follows the initialization steps described above then enters a loop in which it toggles an LED and waits for some time.
#include” lm4f120h5q r.h”
int main (void) {//Enable peripherals. . . (1) . . . // C o n fi g u r e pi n s. . . (2) . . . while (1) {//Turn ON LED. . . (3) . . .//Delay for a bit. . . (4) . . . //Turn OFF LED . . . (5) . . . } } Enabling the Clock In the RUN mode RCGCPIO register provides capability to disable or enable the GPIO module. In case when module is enabled, a module is provided a clock and accesses to module registers are allowed. When disabled, the clock is disabled to save power and accesses to module registers generate a bus fault. By asserting the 6th bit of RCGGPIO register the clock can be enabled for the GPIO port F. The command can be used to enable clock signal for GPIO port F: SYSCTL RCGCGPIO R = 0 x20 ; // ( 1 )
Configuring the Pin as Output
It is necessary to configure any required pins. In this case, a single pin (PF3) must be configured as an output after enabling the clocks. To use the pin as a digital input or output, the corresponding bit in the GPIODEN register must be set and then setting a bit in the GPIODIR register configures the corresponding pin to be an output. The commands used to set the corresponding bits in GPIODEN and GPIODIR registers are given as follows: GPIO PORTF DIR R = 0 x08; // (2) GPIO PORTF DEN R = 0 x08; Toggle the LED LED can be turned ON and OFF by setting and resetting the corresponding bits in the GPIODATA register. The commands for toggling LED are as follows GPIO PORTF DATA R = 0 x08; // (3) GPIO PORTF DATA R = 0 x00; // (5) Introducing a Delay We cannot observe the toggling of LED because of very high frequency. We introduce a delay loop in order to observe the toggle sequence of the LED. int counter = 0 ; while (counter < 20000){ // ( 4 ) ++counter ; }
5. Conclusion: By completing this experiment, we have sufficient knowledge about architecture & Key features of the EVB and the microcontroller. In this lab we explored different components of (32-bit TM4C1294NCPDT) microcontroller which simply blinks LED located on the development board
