UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Jl.Batikan,Tuntungan UH III/1043 Umbulharjo Telp.(0274)374997 Fax: 547042 Yogyakarta 55167

FINAL TEST OF EVEN SEMESTER ACADEMIC YEAR 2020/2021

Course : Syntax and Semantics Class : 6B & 6C

Course Code : ING15635 Day/Date : Wednesday, 16 June 2021
Lecturer : Isti’anatul Hikmah Time : 1 pm to 2.30 pm
Semester : VI Test Type (Media): Online-Test (Sipedar)
Name : Student number:

Instructions
1. Students must submit the answer through Sipedar.

A. Answer the following questions precisely and clearly.

1. Reproduced below is a well-known passage from Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking Glass. Pick
out all the instances of the word mean (or means, or meant), noting which lines they occur in. (Some
line numbers are given in the margin for convenience.) After the passage there are some questions
for you to answer.

1 ‘. . . that shows that there are three hundred and sixty-four days
when you might get un-birthday presents.’
‘Certainly,’ said Alice.
‘And only one for birthday presents, you know. There’s glory for
5 you!’
‘I don’t know what you mean by “glory,” ’ Alice said.
Humpty Dumpty smiled contemptuously. ‘Of course you don’t –
till I tell you. I meant “there’s a nice knockdown argument for you.” ’
‘But “glory” doesn’t mean ‘a nice knockdown argument,’ Alice
10 objected.
‘When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty said in rather a scornful
tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.’
‘The question is,’ said Alice, ‘whether you can make words mean
so many different things.’
15 ‘The question is,’ said Humpty Dumpty, ‘which is to be master –
that’s all.’

a. What word is the subject of the verb mean in line 6?

b. What is the subject of the verb mean in line 9?
c. What is understood as the subject of the verb mean in line 12?
d. List all the instances (by line number) where mean, means, or meant has a personal subject, e.g.
I or you.

1
 UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Jl.Batikan,Tuntungan UH III/1043 Umbulharjo Telp.(0274)374997 Fax: 547042 Yogyakarta 55167

e. List all the instances (by line number) in which mean, or means, or meant is understood as
having as subject something linguistic, e.g. a word, or words.

(score: 20)

2. Read the following conversation between two people, A and B, at a bus stop one morning. (The
lines are numbered for reference.) Then answer the questions (a)–(h) along with the explanation.

Line (L) 1 A: ‘Nice day’

L2 B: ‘Yes, a bit warmer than yesterday, isn’t it?’
L3 A: ‘That’s right – one day fine, the next cooler’
L4 B: ‘I expect it might get cooler again tomorrow’
L5 A: ‘Maybe – you never know what to expect, do you?’
L6 B: ‘No. Have you been away on holiday?’
L7 A: ‘Yes, we went to Spain’
L8 B: ‘Did you? We’re going to France next month’
L9 A: ‘Oh. Are you? That’ll be nice for the family. Do they speak French?’
L 10 B: ‘Sheila’s quite good at it, and we’re hoping Martin will improve’
L 11 A: ‘I expect he will. I do hope you have a good time’
L 12 B: ‘Thank you. By the way, has the 42 bus gone by yet? It seems to be late’
L 13 A: ‘No. I’ve been here since eight o’clock and I haven’t seen it’
L 14 B: ‘Good. I don’t want to be late for work. What time is it now?’
L 15 A: ‘Twenty-five past eight’

a. Does speaker A tell speaker B anything he doesn’t already know in lines 1, 3, and 5?
b. Does A’s statement in line 7 give B any new information?
c. When B says ‘Did you?’ in line 8, is he really asking A to tell him whether he (A) went to Spain?
d. Is there any indication that A needs to know the information that B gives him about travelling to
France?
e. Does A’s ‘That’ll be nice for the family’ in line 9 give B any information?
f. Do A’s statements in lines 13 and 15 give B any information that he (B) needs?
g. At what point does this conversation switch from an exchange of uninformative statements to an
exchange of informative statements?
h. At what point does the information exchanged begin to be of a sort that one of the speakers actually
needs for some purpose in going about his everyday business?
(score: 25)

3. Look at the following utterances and state whether they are intended to be taken literally (Yes) or not
(No).
a. Tired traveller: ‘This suitcase is killing me’ Yes / No
b. Assistant in a shop: ‘We regularly do the impossible; miracles take a little longer’ Yes / No
c. During a business meeting: ‘It’s a dog-eat-dog situation’ Yes / No
d. During a heated argument: ‘Don’t bite my head off!’ Yes / No
e. Hungry person at the dinner table: ‘I could eat a horse!’ Yes / No
(score: 5) 2
 UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Jl.Batikan,Tuntungan UH III/1043 Umbulharjo Telp.(0274)374997 Fax: 547042 Yogyakarta 55167

4. We saw that lexicographers group lexemes, or senses, into lexical entries by deciding whether they
are related or not. If they are related (i.e polysemous) then they are listed in a single lexical entry. If
the are not related (i.e homonymous) they are assigned independent entries. Below are groups of
sense sharing the same phonological shape; decide for each group how the members should be
organized into lexical entries.

port1 noun. a harbour.

port2 noun. a town with a harbour.
port3 noun. the left side of a vessel when facing the prow.
port4 noun. a sweet fortified dessert wine (originally from Oporto in Portugal).
port5 noun. an opening in the side of a ship.
port6 noun. a connector in a computer’s casing for attaching peripheral devices.

mould1 (us mold) noun. a hollow container to shape material.

mould2 (us mold) noun. a furry growth of fungus.
mould3 (us mold) noun. loose earth.

ear1 noun. organ of hearing.

ear2 noun. the ability to appreciate sound (an ear for music).
ear3 noun. the seed-bearing head of a cereal plant.

stay1 noun. the act of saying in a place.

stay2 noun. the suspension of postponement of a judicial sentence.
stay3 noun. Nautical. a rope or guy supporting a mast.
stay4 noun. anything that supports or steadies.
stay5 noun. a thin strip of metal, plastic, bone, etc. used to stiffen corsets.
(score: 20)

5. Can different expressions have the same referent? Give an example

(score: 10)
6. Can the same expression have different referents? Give an example
(score: 10)
7. Consider the following quotation:
We must not allow our words to change their meanings, but must make sure that we use them in
their correct senses. For if we are careless with meanings, we will lose them, and there will be
many ideas which we will no longer be able to express. For ‘disinterested’ does not mean the
same as ‘uninterested’, ‘fulsome’ does not mean the same as ‘full’, ‘infer’ does not mean the
same as ‘imply’. If we lose these differences of meaning, we will lose the differences in the
concepts they express.
Do you agree with these statements? What assumptions about language do they contain? Explain
your answer.
If you do not agree with these statements, explain your answer.
(score: 10)

3
 UNIVERSITAS SARJANAWIYATA TAMANSISWA
FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Jl.Batikan,Tuntungan UH III/1043 Umbulharjo Telp.(0274)374997 Fax: 547042 Yogyakarta 55167

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