Oral Questions and Answers (DBMS LAB) Questions & Answers- DBMS https://career guru99.com/to} uestions, 1) Define Database. A prearranged collection of figures known as data is called database. 2) What is DBMS? Database Management Systems (DBMS) are applications designed especially which enable user interaction with other applications, 3) What are the various kinds of interactions catered by DBMS? ‘The various kind of interactions catered by DBMS are: + Data definition + Update + Retrieval + Administration 4) Segregate database technology's development. The development of database technology is divided into: + Structure or data model + Navigational model + SQL/ relational model 5) Who proposed the relational model? Edgar F. Codd proposed the relational model in 1970. 6) What are the features of Database language? A database language may also incorporate features like: DBMS-specific Configuration and management of storage engine Computations to modification of query results by computations, like summing, counting, averaging, grouping, sorting and cross-referencing Constraint enforcement Application Programming Interface 7) What do database languages do? As special-purpose languages, they have: + Data definition language ‘+ Data manipulation language + Query language 8) Define database model. A data model determining fundamentally how data can be stored, manipulated and organised and the structure of the database logically is called database model.Oral Questions and Answers (DBMS LAB) 9) What is SQL? Structured Query Language (SQL) being ANSI standard language updates database and commands for accessing 10) Enlist the various relationships of database, The various relationships of database are: ‘+ One-to-one: Single table having drawn relationship with another table having similar kind of columns. + One-to-many: Two tables having primary and foreign key relation. + Many-to-many: Junction table having many tables related to many tables, 11) Define Normalization. Organized data void of inconsistent dependency and redundancy within a database is called normalization. 12) Enlist the advantages of normalizing database. Advantages of normalizing database are: + No duplicate entries + Saves storage space + Boasts the query performances. 13) Define Denormalization. Boosting up database performance, adding of redundant data which in turn helps rid of complex data is called denormalization. 14) Define DDL and DML. Managing properties and attributes of database is called Data Definition Language(DDL}. Manipulating data in a database such as inserting, updating, deleting is defined as Data Manipulation Language. (DML) 15) Enlist some commands of DDL. ‘They are: CREATE: Create is used in the CREATE TABLE statement, Syntax is: CREATE TABLE [column name] ( [column definitions] ) [ table parameters] ALTER: Ithelps in modification of an existing object of database. Its syntax is:Oral Questions and Answers (DBMS LAB) ALTER objecttype objectname parameters. DROP: It destroys an existing database, index, table or view. Its syntax is: DROP objecttype objectname. 16) Define Union All operator and Union. Full recordings of two tables is Union All operator. A distinct recording of two tables is Union. 17) Define cursor. A database object which helps in manipulating data row by row representing a result set is called cursor. 18) Enlist the cursor types. They are: + Dynamic: it reflects changes while scrolling, ‘+ Static: doesn’t reflect changes while scrolling and works on recording of snapshot. + Keyset: data modification without reflection of new data is seen. 19) Enlist the types of cursor. They types of cursor are: ‘+ Implicit cursor: Declared automatically as soon as the execution of SQL takes place without the awareness of the user. + Explicit cursor: Defined by PL/ SQL which handles query in more than one row. 20) Define sub-query. A query contained by a query is called Sub-query. 21) Why is group-clause used? Group-clause uses aggregate values to be derived by collecting similar data. 22) Compare Non-clustered and clustered index Both having B-tree structure, non-clustered index has data pointers enabling one table many non- clustered indexes while clustered index is distinct for every table, 23) Define Aggregate functions. Functions which operate against a collection of values and returning single value is called aggregate functionsOral Questions and Answers (DBMS LAB) 24) Define Scalar functions. Scalar function is depended on the argument given and returns sole value. 25) What restrictions can you apply when you are creating views? Restrictions that are applied are: Only the current database can have views. You are not liable to change any computed value in any particular view. Integrity constants decide the functionality of INSERT and DELETE Full-text index definitions cannot be applied. + Temporary views cannot be created. ‘Temporary tables cannot contain views. + Noassociation with DEFAULT definitions. + ‘Triggers such as INSTEAD OF is associated with views. 26) Define “correlated subqueries’. A correlated subquery’ is a sort of sub query but correlated subquery is reliant on another query for a value that is returned. In case of execution, the sub query is executed first and then the correlated query. 27) Define Data Warehousing. Storage and access of data from the central location in order to take some strategic decision is called Data Warehousing. Enterprise management is used for managing the information whose framework is known as Data Warehousing. 28) Define Join and enlist its types. Joins help in explaining the relation between different tables. They also enable you to select data with relation to data in another table. ‘The various types are: + INNER JOINs: Blank rows are left in the middle while more than equal to two tables are joined. + OUTER JOINs: Divided into Left Outer Join and Right Outer Join, Blank rows are left at the specified side by joining tables in other side. Other joins are CROSS JOINs, NATURAL JOINs, EQUI JOIN and NON-EQUI JOIN. 29) What do you mean by Index hunting? Indexes help in improving the speed as well as the query performance of database, The procedure of boosting the collection of indexes is named as Index hunting.