This course work contains much about terrorism and its effects. To understand the terrorism of new ages and the future of terrorism, it is important to have knowledge of its past history. Terrorism could be a planned strategy or a tactic, a crime or a reaction to oppression. The goal or focus behind the committed terrorist attack is to cause violence to draw victim's attention to their cause or desire they want to fulfill.
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This course work contains much about terrorism and its effects. To understand the terrorism of new ages and the future of terrorism, it is important to have knowledge of its past history. Terrorism could be a planned strategy or a tactic, a crime or a reaction to oppression. The goal or focus behind the committed terrorist attack is to cause violence to draw victim's attention to their cause or desire they want to fulfill.
This course work contains much about terrorism and its effects. To understand the terrorism of new ages and the future of terrorism, it is important to have knowledge of its past history. Terrorism could be a planned strategy or a tactic, a crime or a reaction to oppression. The goal or focus behind the committed terrorist attack is to cause violence to draw victim's attention to their cause or desire they want to fulfill.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This course work contains much about terrorism and its effects. To understand the terrorism of new ages and the future of terrorism, it is important to have knowledge of its past history. Terrorism could be a planned strategy or a tactic, a crime or a reaction to oppression. The goal or focus behind the committed terrorist attack is to cause violence to draw victim's attention to their cause or desire they want to fulfill.
Copyright:
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Introduction:
Terrorism is “The use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes” [dictionary.reference.com].Or a terrorist is definite as “a radical who employs terror as a political weapon; usually organizes with other terrorists in small cells; often uses religion as a cover for terrorist activities” [wordnetweb.princeton.edu]. In terms of terrorism the dictionary definition is not eounf to measure the damages and violence caused by terrorism and terrorist. This course work contains much about terrorism and its effects. To understand the terrorism of new ages and the future of terrorism, it is important to have knowledge of its past history.
Terrorism There is a famous phrase “one man’s terrorist is another man’s freedom fighter” [www.terrorism- research.com]. Terrorist do not think that they are engaged in evil deeds, they suppose to think that for what they are believing and for what they are fighting for is right in whatever possible means. They do not regret in harming human kind. In these new ages, terrorism is not new, even it has been in use since beginning of this world history when it started recording. Terrorism could be a planned strategy or a tactic, a crime or a reaction to oppression. Act of terrorist can make a victim and even the whole nation in the state of fear and terror. The goal or focus behind the committed terrorist attack is to cause violence to draw victim’s attention to their cause or desire they want to fulfill. This can help them to obtain great publicity which results in reaction from the victim or the nation-state.
History In late 13th century, in the times of assassins, terrorism is widely used because of conflicts between parties and cause war fare [www.terrorism-research.com]. At that time communication were controlled another that can be the cause for terrorism were religious reasons as it is still in critical conditions. Religious reasons sometimes led to warfare. After the time passed when kingdoms converted into nations. Terrorist got sufficient reasons for their terrorism; the reasons can be for authorities, conflicts or on political activities. According to the history recorded the French revolution is the first to provide the use for the word “terrorism” began in 1795 in reference to the region of terror and the agents of the committee of public safety and the national convention that enforced the polices “The terror” were referred to a terrorist [www.terrorism-research.com]. In history, French revelation also provided an example for the future state to beset their populations. Afterwards, during late 19th century, due to the advancement of civilization and weapons technologies became a reason for the formation of small groups of terrorist who are able to attack nation-state, assessing heads from state of Russia, France, Italy, Spain and the United States. [www.terrorism-research.com] whereas the ideology basis for political terrorism was just the beginning, where it became very substantial in 20th century. As considering history, the terrorist of 19th century was different from modern in some way as they sometimes call off attack that might and endanger individuals other than their main target [www.terrorism-research.com].
Current state of Terrorism
The current state of terrorism is more critical and cause of creating great terror around the world which is more than recorded in history. The biggest terrorist act was world trade center tower in New York in 11 September and in pentagon in Washington DC, some other to mention importantly are London subway bombings, Madrid train bombings, Mumbai attacks and the most critical are centered in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Types of Terrorism Terrorism could be of many types. Some are mentioned here which are related to the political terrorism, religious, fundamentalists, right and left-wing terrorism [en.wikipedia.org]. Political terrorism is one in which political groups and the government of the nation itself involved. They use the strategies of terror for their means and causes they want to fulfill. Religious terrorism, the extremist are involved in it and it is becoming more even most critical now a days because of conflicts in religious matters and point of views. So many people have been killed till now because the conflicts for fundamentalist. Religious fundamentalist terrorism is another name given to religious extremist terrorism. Another type of terrorism is right-wing terrorism. In right- wing terrorism main goals is to abolish the current government which is in power and to replace them with the fascist-oriented government or to hand over the power to their desirables [en.wikipedia.org]. According to the history right-wing terrorism began in Western Europe in the 1980’s and after words speared through Eastern Europe [en.wikipedia.org]. Other then right-wing terrorism there is left-wing terrorism. Left-wing terrorism, sometimes called Marxist-Leninist terrorism or revolutionary/left-wing terrorism is a tactic used to overthrow capitalism and replace it with Marxist-Leninist or socialist government. Modern left-wing terrorism developed following the political unrest of 1968. In Western Europe, notable groups included the West German Red Army Faction (RAF), the Italian Red Brigades, the French Action Directed (AD), and the Belgian Communist Combatant Cells (CCC). Asian groups included the Japanese Red Army and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam, although the latter organization later transformed into nationalist terrorist. In Latin America, groups that became actively involved in terrorism in the 1970s and 1980s included the Nicaraguan Sandinistas, the Peruvian Shining Path, and the Columbian 19th of April Movement[en.wikipedia.org].
Modern left-wing terrorist groups in the United States developed from remnants of the Weather Underground, the Black Panthers and extremist elements of the Students for a Democratic Society. During the 1980s both the May 19th Communist Organization (M19CO) and the smaller United Freedom Front were active. After 1985, following the dismantling of both groups, there were no confirmed acts of left-wing terrorism by similar groups [en.wikipedia.org].
There is a category of terrorism which is called by world as special interest terrorism, it used by the terrorist to resolve a specific controversy which could not be the reason for political change or effects in wider span. They continue conducting acts to politically motivated violence which is forced to group or segment society which includes of general public [en.wikipedia.org]. Their goal is to change attitudes about the propaganda to acknowledge the importance of their causes. The type of the terrorism which effect at wider span which is patronized by the nation-state. Basically this state-sponsored terrorism is associated with paramilitary [en.wikipedia.org] and also mostly used in combination to state terrorism in which governments are involved.
Some other types are:-
Quasi-terrorism:
The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different [en.wikipedia.org].
Limited political terrorism:
Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political
terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state [en.wikipedia.org].
Official or state terrorism:
"Referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy [en.wikipedia.org].
Advancements and changing
Terrorism is always in the state of continuous changing. It is rapidly adapting predominating strategies tools and changes in both society and political world. It gaining more facilities like enhancement in weapons and funding to develop new capabilities which are affecting the world at large. Terrorism are more capable now in using technologies of now a days and became capable for quickly adapt changes in new technologies computer data encryption can be most widely used for the terrorism planning and communication as terrorist group are capable to use encryption and description of the data and conversation.
In modern terrorism information embedded in digital pictures or in graphics and animations is
the new innovation [www.terrorism-research.com]. They have the availability of the trained personnel to operate all which is the cause of great violence. Terrorism and the terrorist are the cause of great violence and horribly effecting the independence, yet world has not considering it much and not putting effort to stop these people with it becomes personnel. At least now, it should be the beginning of the end of the terrorism as too many souls have seen acts of terror. The world should be united now to raze all means of terrorism.
Conclusion Terrorism has been greatly affecting world and nations since the past. It is damaging the peace of this world. As far as developed country it has greatly affecting the underdeveloped countries. Now time has come for the world, developed and underdeveloped countries to be unite to call a war against terrorism and safe the man kind and peace of the world.
