MIDTERM

Instructional Planning for the Mother

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LESSON 8 Instructional Planning Cycle

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 Explain the importance and purpose for instructional planning cycle;
 Examine the ADDIE instructional planning model;
 Discuss the relationship among the steps in ADDIE instructional design process,
 Prepare for an instructional plan using the ADDIE design template.

Pair up with your classmate and discuss answers to the questions below.
1. Do you reflect on your teaching and facilitating? In what ways?
Yes, reflection is a natural and regular aspect of my life, as it is for many teachers. I
spend a lot of time and energy reflecting. While there are numerous significant
advantages to this natural and frequent reflection, I often do it without intending to.
Whenever we are assigned to do our lesson planning I tend to have a section at the end
of each session where I can write down my reflections on the topic. This is a process that
generates new ideas. I review my lesson to see what I will do differently next time.
Sometimes the reflections are unique to a single class, such as adding more time to a
think-pair-share exercise or rewording assignment guidelines. Other times, I draw wider
conclusions that apply to the unit or my teaching in general, such as include more cold
call talks or creating a monitoring system for which students I worked with that day. This
allows my classes and teaching to adapt and become more student-centered. In
facilitating, instead of telling students the answer to one of their question, i tend to
group them to generate possible answers in response to the question.

2. When do you say you have done well in facilitating learning?

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 It's when students are encouraged to be more in charge of their own learning. They will
also define their own goals and be in charge of learning assessment.
3. What are your sources of data?
I have 3 sources of data named as people, documents and observation.
Instructional planning is a decision-making activity. What we decide on and prioritize today
affect our instruction the day after. This decision-making process follows a cycle.

7 Steps of the Decision-Making Process

1. Identify the decision.

2. Gather relevant info.
3. Identify the alternatives.
4. Weigh the evidence.
5. Choose among the alternatives.
6. Take action.
7. Review your decision.

Examine the ADDIE instructional design process below. What do you observe about the
steps? How about the relationship among the five steps write your answer inside the box below
the diagram?
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 Addie Model is a five phase approach to building effective learning solutions. First
phase is analyze consists of the instructional goals, target audience and required resources.
Second phase is design, a learning solution that align objectives and strategies with
instructional goals. Third phase is develop composed of learning resources, validate and
revise drafts, and conduct a pilot test. Fourth phase is implement, the learning solution by
preparing the learning space and engaging participants. Fifth phase is evaluate, the quality of
learning resources and how well they accomplish instructional goals. Furthermore, it provides
a step-by-step process that helps instructional designers plan and create learning solutions
with a framework in order to make sure that their instructional products are effective and
that their processes are as efficient as they can possibly be. Each phase are needed to
organize a lesson plan.

ADDIE MODEL

The ADDIE model is the generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and
training developers. The five phases—Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and
Evaluation—represent a dynamic, flexible guideline for building effective training and

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performance support tools. While perhaps the most common design model, there are a number
of weaknesses to the ADDIE model which have led to a number of spin-offs or variations.

It is an Instructional Systems Design (ISD) model. Most of the current instructional

design models are spin-offs or variations of the ADDIE model; other models include the Dick &
Carey and Kemp ISD models. One commonly accepted improvement to this model is the use of
rapid prototyping. This is the idea of receiving continual or formative feedback while
instructional materials are being created. This model attempts to save time and money by
catching problems while they are still easy to fix.

Instructional theories also play an important role in the design of instructional materials.
Theories such as behaviorism, constructivism, social learning and cognitivism help shape and
define the outcome of instructional materials.
In the ADDIE model, each step has an outcome that feeds into the subsequent step.

ANALYSIS > DESIGN > DEVELOPMENT > IMPLEMENTATION > EVALUATION

Analysis Phase

In the analysis phase, instructional problem is clarified, the instructional goals and
objectives are established and the learning environment and learner’s existing knowledge and
skills are identified. Below are some of the questions that are addressed during the analysis
phase:

* Who is the audience and their characteristics?

* Identify the new behavioral outcome?
* What types of learning constraints exist?
* What are the delivery options?
* What are the online pedagogical considerations?
* What is the timeline for project completion?

Design Phase

The design phase deals with learning objectives, assessment instruments, exercises,
content, subject matter analysis, lesson planning and media selection. The design phase should
be systematic and specific. Systematic means a logical, orderly method of identifying,
developing and evaluating a set of planned strategies targeted for attaining the project’s goals.
Specific means each element of the instructional design plan needs to be executed with attention
to details.

These are steps used for the design phase:

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* Documentation of the project’s instructional, visual and technical design strategy
* Apply instructional strategies according to the intended behavioral outcomes by domain
(cognitive, affective, psychomotor).
* Create storyboards
* Design the user interface and user experience
* Prototype creation
* Apply visual design (graphic design)

Development Phase

The development phase is where the developers create and assemble the content assets
that were created in the design phase. Programmers work to develop and/or integrate
technologies. Testers perform debugging procedures. The project is reviewed and revised
according to any feedback given.

Implementation Phase

During the implementation phase, a procedure for training the facilitators and the learners
is developed. The facilitators’ training should cover the course curriculum, learning outcomes,
method of delivery, and testing procedures. Preparation of the learners include training them on
new tools (software or hardware), student registration.

This is also the phase where the project manager ensures that the books, hands on
equipment, tools, CD-ROMs and software are in place, and that the learning application or Web
site is functional.

Evaluation Phase

The evaluation phase consists of two parts: formative and summative. Formative
evaluation is present in each stage of the ADDIE process. Summative evaluation consists of tests
designed for domain specific criterion-related referenced items and providing opportunities for
feedback from the users.

It is your turn to prepare for your own instructional plan. Observe the steps below and
write your answer on the corresponding boxes.
ADDIE INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
LESSON PLANNING WORKSHEET
STEP 1: ANALYZE

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1.1. What are your goals for your lesson?

1.2. What are the relevant characteristics of your learners that you will consider?

STEP 2: DESIGN
2.1. What are your specific learning objectives?

Students will be able to:

2.2. How will you measure if students have achieved these objectives? What assessment tools
and processes will you use?
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STEP 3: DEVELOP
3.1. What instructional strategies will you use?

3.2. What logistical issues impact your lesson?

STEP 4: IMPLEMENT
You will deliver your lesson here and facilitate learning.
STEP 5: EVALUATE
5.1. What feedback did you receive? What would you change about your plan?

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5.2. What would you need to watch out for when you implement it?

1. After going through the complex yet exciting process of instructional planning, what has
it like? Escribe your strengths and challenges that you encountered when you were
familiarizing yourself with the process.

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