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Igneous Rock Formation and Classification

This document summarizes the formation and classification of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Magma cools underground to form intrusive igneous rocks, while lava cools above ground to form extrusive igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are classified based on their composition, mineral crystal size, and whether they are plutonic or volcanic in origin. They can be divided into categories like felsic, intermediate, or mafic depending on their silica content and other mineral makeup.

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550 views1 page

Igneous Rock Formation and Classification

This document summarizes the formation and classification of igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and solidifies. Magma cools underground to form intrusive igneous rocks, while lava cools above ground to form extrusive igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are classified based on their composition, mineral crystal size, and whether they are plutonic or volcanic in origin. They can be divided into categories like felsic, intermediate, or mafic depending on their silica content and other mineral makeup.

Uploaded by

alice
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Igneous

rocks
Ini@al Magma
Lava or
(beneath Earth’s surface) (at Earth’s surface)
Magma?

Cools and solidifies ____________ to form.. Cools and solidifies _________ to form..

___________ (intrusive) igneous rocks __________ (extrusive) igneous rocks

Which are classified by


mposi@on
Magma/lava co Plutonic v
s . volcanic
Composi@on (oFen reflected by color) Mineral crystal (grain) size

Based on SiO2 content Coarse grained (1 – 20mm) Fine grained


(minor also: Fe, Mg, Al, Ca content) Very coarse grained (> 2-3 cm) (less then 1 mm)

Divided into
Porphyri@c

Felsic IR Intermediate IR Mafic IR Ultramafic IR


When molten rock When molten rock
SiO2 - content > % – % < % < % (magma) cools … (lava/magma) cools…

Color:

Density: _________ / volcanic rock


__________ /plutonic rock
Minerals:

Vola@le = gas
content:

Explosiveness
of erup@on

Examples
(volc. + plut.):

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