Assignment 1 (Basics)

1. Consider the following code snippet.

int i = 10;
int n = i++%5;

a. What are the values of i and n after the code is executed?

Answer:i =11 and n = 0.
b. What are the final values of i and n if instead of using the postfix increment operator (i++), you
use the prefix version (++i))?

Answer:i =11 and n = 1.

2. To invert the value of a boolean, which operator would you use?

Answer:The logical complement operator "!".

3. Which operator is used to compare two values, = or == ?

Answer:The equality operator (==).

4. Explain the following code sample: result = someCondition ? value1 : value2;

Answer:"If someCondition is true , assign the value of value1 to result . Otherwise, assign the value of
value2 to result ."

Expression

Expressions, Statements, and Blocks

Questions
1. Operators may be used in building ___, which compute values.

Answer: expressions.

2. Expressions are the core components of ___.

Answer:Statements.

3. Statements may be grouped into _"Blocks"__.

4. The following code snippet is an example of a _"Compound"__ expression.

1 * 2 * 3

5. Statements are roughly equivalent to sentences in natural languages, but instead of ending with a
period, a statement ends with a __"semicolon"_.
6. A block is a group of zero or more statements between balanced _"braces"__ and can be used
anywhere a single statement is allowed.
 Exercises
Identify the following kinds of expression statements:

● aValue = 8933.234;

Answer:assignment statement

● aValue++;

Answer: increment statement

● System.out.println("Hello World!");

Answer: method invocation statement

● Bicycle myBike = new Bicycle(); Answer:object creation statement

Questions :

1. Accept a number from user and check whether it is even or odd

Answer:
package Tushar;
/*Java Program to check whether a number is even or odd*/
import java.util.Scanner;
public class odd_even {
public static void main(String args[])
{
//Accept a Number from the user
//Create an object of scanner class
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
int num; //Declare a variable
System.out.println("Enter a number:");
num = input.nextInt();
//If number is divisible by 2 then it's an even
number
//else odd number
if ( num % 2 == 0 )
System.out.println("The entered number is
even");
else
System.out.println("The entered number is odd");
} }
 2. Accept a number from user and check whether it is positive or
negative
Answer:
package Tushar;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class positive_negative {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int number;
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number you want to
check:");
number = scan.nextInt();
scan.close();
if(number > 0)
{
System.out.println(number+" is positive
number");
}
else if(number < 0)
{
System.out.println(number+" is negative
number");
}
else
{
System.out.println(number+" is neither
positive nor negative");
}
}
}
 3. Accept a year from user and check whether it is leap year or not.
Answer:
package Tushar;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class leap_year {
public static void main(String[] args){
int year;
System.out.println("Enter an Year :: ");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
year = sc.nextInt();
if (((year % 4 == 0) && (year % 100!= 0)) || (year
%400 == 0))
System.out.println("Specified year is a leap
year");
else
System.out.println("Specified year is not a
leap year");
}
}

4. Accept a character from user and check whether it is vowel or

consonant.
Answer: package Tushar;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class vowel {
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println("Enter a character :");
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if(ch == 'a'|| ch == 'e'|| ch == 'i' ||ch == 'o'
||ch == 'u'||ch == ' '){
System.out.println("Given character is an
vowel");
}else{
System.out.println("Given character is a
consonant");
}
}}
Questions
1. Real-world objects contain "state" and "behavior".

2. A software object's state is stored in "fields".

3. A software object's behavior is exposed through "methods".

4. Hiding internal data from the outside world, and accessing it only through publicly exposed methods is
known as data "encapsulation".

5. A blueprint for a software object is called a "class".

6. Common behavior can be defined in a "superclass" and inherited into a "subclass" using the "extends"
keyword.

7. A collection of methods with no implementation is called an "interface".

8. A namespace that organizes classes and interfaces by functionality is called a "package".

9. The term API stands for "Application Programming Interface".

Exercise 5: Create a class with a method which can calculate the sum of first n natural numbers which
are divisible by 3 or 5.

Method Name calculateSum

Method Description Calculate Sum

Argument int n

Return Type int-sum

Logic Calculate the sum of first n natural numbers which

are divisible by 3 or 5.

Answer:package Tushar;
public class calculate_sum {
// Function to calculate the sum
// of numbers divisible by 3 or 5
static int sum(int N, int X, int Y)
{
int S1, S2, S3;
S1 = ((N / X)) * (2 * X + (N / X - 1) * X)
/ 2;
S2 = ((N / Y)) * (2 * Y + (N / Y - 1) *
Y) / 2;
S3 = ((N / (X * Y))) * (2 * (X * Y)
+ (N / (X * Y) - 1) * (X * Y))/
2;
return S1 + S2 - S3;
}
public static void main(String
[]args)
{
int N = 10;
int X = 3, Y = 5;
System.out.println(sum(N, X, Y));
}
}
Output is: 33
Exercise 6: Create a class with a method to find the difference between the sum of the squares and the
square of the sum of the first n natural numbers.

Method Name calculateDifference

Method Description Calculate the difference

Argument int n

Return Type int - Sum

Logic Find the difference between the sum of the

squares of the first n natural numbers and the
square of their sum.

For Example if n is 10,you have to find

(1^2+2^2+3^2+….9^2+10^2)-

(1+2+3+4+5…+9+10)^2

Answer:

package Tushar;
public class difference {
static int square_diff(int n ) {
int l,k, m;
l = (n * (n + 1) * (2 * n + 1)) / 6;
k = (n * (n + 1)) / 2;
k = k * k;
m =
Math.abs(l - k);
return m;
}
public static void main(String s[])
{
int n = 10;
System.out.println(square_diff(n)); }
}

Output:2640

Exercise 7: Create a method to check if a number is an increasing number

Method Name checkNumber

Method Description Check if a number is an increasing number

Argument int number

Return Type Boolean

Logic A number is said to be an increasing number if

no digit is exceeded by the digit to its left.

For Example : 134468 is an increasing number

package Tushar;
Answer:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class increasing {
public static void main(String
args[]) {
int num;
boolean flag = false;
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter a number : ");
num = scanner.nextInt();
int currentDigit = num % 10;
num = num/10;
while(num>0){
if(currentDigit <= num % 10){
flag = true;
break;
}
currentDigit = num % 10;
num = num/10;
}
if(flag){
System.out.println("Digits are not in
increasing order.");
}else{
System.out.println("Digits are in
increasing order.");
}
} }
Exercise 8: Create a method to check if a number is a power of two or not
Method Name checkNumber

Method Description Checks if the entered number is a power of two or

not

Argument int n

Return Type boolean

Logic Check if the input is a power of two.

Ex: 8 is a power of 2

Answer:package Tushar;
public class check {
static boolean check_power(int n ) {
while(n%2==0)
{
n=n/2;
}
if(n==1)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}}
public static void main(String s[])
{
int n = 8;
System.out.println(check_power(n)); }
}

Output: “true”