1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Festivals are expressive ways to celebrate glorious heritage, culture and

traditions. They are meant to rejoice special moments. They also play an

important role in connecting to families and friends. Festivals also give inspiration

to remember important instances in life. They have also become a vehicle in

passing on legends, knowledge and traditions from one generation to the next.

The Municipality of Ibaan is known for its delicacies and different

industries. These led to the launching of Les KuHLiemBo Festival that stands for

Tamales, Kulambo, Habi Liempo and Tubo which the municipality is well-known

for. The festival’s primary objective is to promote Ibaan’s tourism, domestic

products and the main sources of income. This festival also connotes that

Ibaanians unite to promote topurism, culture and arts, livelihood and economic

well-being.

Thru the Municipal Ordinances No. 2014-06 and 2014-02, Les-

KuHLiemBo Festival was declared as the official festival of the municipality being

celebrated every 11th day of February.

It is important to have a background knowledge about the place where

one lives. Les KuHLiemBo Festival does not only stand for the rich resources of

Ibaannians but it also implies and reflects how diverse is Ibaan culture and its

people. This creativity and resourcefulness became one of the tools for their
 2

progress. Through this festival, Ibaanians are able to promote its tourism and

hidden beauty.

As Grade 11 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students, the

researchers became interested to make this study in order to inform the people

especially the Ibaanians on Les KuHLiembo Festival and the diversity of Ibaan’s

culture.

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to describe Ibaan and its people through Les

KuHLiemBo Festival.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is Ibaan’s historical background?

2. What is Les KuHLiemBo Festival?

3. How are Ibaanians traits and characteristics reflected on Les KuHLiemBo

Festival?

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study can be beneficial to the following:

The students of Dr. Juan A. Pastor Memorial National High School.

This may bring them an awareness and pride of their own culture.

The Ibaanians. This may be their stepping stone to showcase their

Homeland and achieve higher eco-tourism profits.

The people from nearby municipalities. This may give them a picture of

who Ibaanians really are.

 3

The future researchers. The findings of this study may also serve as

reference for future studies which discuss how Ibaanians are viewed through

diversity and festive spirits.

Scope, delimitation and limitation of the study

This research is done through digging into the brief historical background

of Ibaan and profiling of Ibaanians through “Les KuHLiemBo” interms of traits and

characteristics exemplified by Ibaanians. The researchers use descriptive

method of profiling to present the traits and characteristics of Ibaanians. This was

made possible by consulting the municipality’s historical section and other people

related on Les KuHLiemBo festival and searching for other important documents

by the use of the internet.

This study is limited only because the researchers use Les KuHLiemBo

Festival as the pattern to profile or describe Ibaanians. Some information that

may be missed is can partially be caused by lack of available sources.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which will

helped the researchers in enriching the study.

Conceptual Literature

As cited by Cantos (2007), Ibaan was only a barrio or a part of the town of

Batangas, now Batangas City. In the year 1780, the first Poblacion was in

Matala, now a barrio of Ibaan, four kilometers away from the said town. In 1832,

many dwellers liked that the Poblacion be transferred and was formally

separated from the town of Batangas.

Local historians claim that the place now known as the Municipality of Ibaan

was heavily forested by “Iba” trees. The Iba tree is very similar to the “calamias”

tree in structure. The early settlers of this place called it “Ibaan” meaning the

place where “Iba” abounds. This town has been called the home of the

“Kulambo” or mosquito net. There was a time when ninety percent of the

mosquito nets used all over the Philippines came from the looms of the weavers

of Ibaan.

According to Ibaan’s Tourism files, Les KuHLiemBo festival is the official

festival of the municipality of Ibaan. Les KuHLiemBo festival was launched by the

Municipal government of Ibaan, Batangas with a primary objective of promoting

tourism, domestic products and main sources of income of the municipality. Les
 5

KuHLiembo festival stands for Tamales, Kulambo, Habi, Liempo and tubo which

the municipality is best known for. Also connotes that the people of Ibaan join

their hands to promote the tourism, culture and arts, livelihood and economic

well-being of the Ibaanians. Thru Municipal Ordinance No.2014-026 and

Municipal Ordinance No.2014-02, Les KuHLiemBo Festival was declared as the

official festival of the Municipality of Ibaan,Batangas on February 10,2014 and

being celebrated every 11th day of February.

By definition, festival attracts visitors. And visitors spend money, which boost

the local economy both on and off the festival site. But off-site spending related

to festivals revenue for community too. Festival provide free marketing and

advertising for local businesses as visitors talk about their fun experiences when

they go back home. If visitors post comments and photos about their experience

on Facebook or other social media, so much the better. The economy –affecting

tourism and non-tourism related businesses alike.

Reinhard Wendt (2008), he stated that later at 17th century, Jesuit padres

informs Romans that Philippine festivals was celebrated and organized with as

much ceremony, diversity and entertainment as possible through their mission-

parishes. The purpose of this was to promote a remarkable image of the

greatness and brilliance of the Catholic Church, to deliver the Christian message

more strongly in the minds of the people, and to outshine through extravagance

and color the pre-colonial festival culture and customs. It has been said that

during the early phase of Spanish era, fiestas often include members of “pagan”
 6

or Muslim ethnic groups. In the middle of 17th century, Jesuit reported that

Moros, whom motivated by curiosity, had come to visit the church of Zamboanga.

He also states that during the fiesta period, people were drawn from near and

far into the main settlements of the reduction areas by the lure of these unusual

attractions. In these places people celebrated together; Christians went to

confession, took Holy Communion, heard sermons, every- one attended theatre

performances or enjoyed the spectacle of fire- works displays.

Falassi (1987) defines a festival as an event, a social phenomenon,

encountered in virtually all human cultures. The colorful variety and dramatic

intensity of its dynamic choreographic and aesthetic aspects, the signs of deep

meaning underlying them, its historical roots and the involvement of the “natives"

have always attracted the attention of casual visitors, have consumed travelers

and men of letters alike. Furthermore, Falassi explained that festivals in the

social sciences are simply taken from common language, where the term covers

a constellation of very different events, sacred and profane, private and public.

According Cariño (2010), the Philippines has so many festivals, there are

town fiestas celebrating foundation days, patron saints, historical celebrations

and a combination of it. Festivals are occasions when and where people

converge, the same occasions when Government units and the private sector

become generous with funds. Fiestas become important avenues for artistic

engagement. Artistic ventures especially in the Philippines are always wanting in

venues and avenues for artistic engagement.

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According to the book of Rosario et al. (2015) entitled MAPEH 21 st Century,

there are a lot of festivals here in the Philippines. Examples are listed below

Examples of Festivals in the Philippines

Biniray Kadayawan Moriones
Buling-buling Ati-atihan Maskara
Santacruzan Salakayan Sinulog
Sandugo Guling-Guling Panayana
Dinagyan Penafracia Pahiyas

On the study of Bagsit et al. (2014) entitled Impact of the Most celebrated

Festivals to the Tourism Industry, they states that the most celebrated festivals in

Batangas are:

Parada ng Lechon. In the Philippines, it is not unusual for lechon or whole roast

pig to grace any Filipino feast table. Parada ng Lechon is a parade of golden red

and crispy roasted pig. The delicious aroma of this sumptuous dish led the locals

of Balayan and Batangas to commemorate the feast of St. John, their patron on

24 June with the presence of the delectable crispy lechon

Sublian Festival. The Sublian Festival, two week long celebration which

culminates every year on the 23 rd of July, is rooted in Batanguenos devotion to

the town’s patron: the Holy Cross in Bauan and Agoncillo, and the Sto Nino in

Batangas City. This religious devotion translated to a dance from indigenous to

Batangas: the Subli. Traditionally performed to the accompaniment of drums and

chanting the Subli praise the patron in a combination of poetry, movement and

music.
 8

Anihan Festival. The word “anihan” means harvest. From the word itself, a

person showcases their harvested crops, food, vegetables and fruits as a sign of

thanksgiving. Anihan Festival is a thanksgiving celebration that expresses

gratefulness to a bountiful harvest. It symbolizes of being triumph against

hardships and trials during lean month. Anihan festival commemorates the feast

of St. Jerome. Adding color to the festivity are the parade or creatively designed

float with muses of competing tribes and search for Ms. Anihan and the

coronation.

On the book of Leano, (2005) entitled Society and Culture for College

students: A modular approach, states that most of the values of Filipinos were

influenced by foreign cultures. Some of those are:

1. Utang-na-loob- It is a technique of reciprocity of debt of gratitude to others

within the family circle o primary group, sometimes unlimited in nature,

emotional rather than financial or rational

Inability to repay “utang-na-loob” will result in the individual labeled as

“walang utang-naloob” or “walang-hiya”.

2. Pakikisama- This is closely related to utang-na-loob. It is a value of

belongingness and loyalty to the small in group with sensitivity to the

feelings of others in the principle of “give and take”. Pakikisama is a folk

concept of good public relations and avoidance of conflict with the leader

of the group.

3. Hiya- This controls to a large extent the behaviour of the individual and

most likely, is generally dependent on what others will think, say and do.
 9

Because of hiya, a Filipino cannot say “No” even if it is against his will to

do what is being requested.

4. Bahala na- A common expression among Filipinos and this rest on the

realistic outlook and strong dependence on the ‘spirits” who will take care

of everything if they are really meant for a person.

5. Authoritarianism- it is the dependence of Filipino in a paternalistic rather

than in a stem way upon the elders of the family , upon their boost , if

employed and upon people in authority as their father figure.

6. Individualism- it is a pattern of behaviour which characterizes the Filipino

as self centered. The desire to make a name for himself becomes the

primary motivation for success.

7. Amor-propio- it is the individual’s highly emotional reaction to protect his

honor and dignity when they are threatened or questioned and to retaliate.

Common forms of amor-procopio are “hele-hele bago quiere” or “pakipot”

which shows at the outset a person initially refusing an offer even if he

really wants very much to accept it.

According to the book of Duka et al. (2014) entitled Introduction to

Sociology (A Filipino perspective), values are qualities and behaviour , thought

and character that society regards as being intrinsically good, having desirable

results and therefore worthy of emulation

It also states that Filipino values are consists of three basic elements.

These are relationship or “pakikipagkapwa tao”, feeling or “pakiramdam” and

dignity or “karangalan”. The Filipinos by nature are cultural-orientation

 10

relationists. They give high regard on relationship toward individual especially at

work. They are humble and they show compassion toward co-workers and other

people.

Furthermore, it also states that Filipino workers are sensitive to their

environment. To prevent misunderstanding or misbehaviour, he or she is polite,

obedient, compassionate, sincere, and helpful to people in times of need. Filipino

also is very personal. He or she prioritizes his or her dignity or karangalan. In

other words, his or her dignity defines the moral conviction of his or her

behaviour. It is important for the Filipinos to respect his or her own words as well

as the status of his or her fellowmen.

It also said that roots of the Filipino came from Hindu-Malay and Chinese.

The Malay temper is the main component of Filipino culture.(Andres 1981). They

are well known in long migrations, painful colonization, warm weather and

starchy diet. They also states that OFW’s can easily adapt in different

environment. In addition, the Filipinos are creative, resourceful, innovative, and

able to make use whatever is at hand to create and produce. In addition, Filipinos

are also fun-loving people. Laughing at oneself and his/her trouble is an

important coping mechanism and a capacity to survive. Even though Filipinos are

suffering for calamities, they have time to laugh and accept the trials they face.

It also states that the second component of Filipino roots is Chinese. The

Chinese were among the early groups of Asian traders who had direct contact

with the Filipino ancestors. There were several values inculcated among the
 11

Filipinos such as patience and perseverance, hardiness and foresight, frugality,

filial respect for elders and sageliness or self-improvement by cultivation of virtue,

personal worth and

Additionally, the mind of Filipino is American. Contributions of them are as

follows: education, constitution, English language, democracy, government and

Protestant ethics of rationally, independent thinking and direct communication,

passion for education.

As an Individual As a social Toward Others As a Thinker As a

Being Communica
-Holistic -Hospitable -Reciprocal -Non evaluative -Ambiguous
-Personalistic -Courteous -Identifies himself or -Judgmental but rather than be
-Sensitive -Familistic herself with the afraid to criticize categorical
-Grateful and -Gregarious “dejado” -Anticipative, -Euphemistic
revengeful -Hierarchical -Malambing hopeful, and rather than be
-Passive -Un- impersonal (tender loving) congenital optimist poetic
-Centric mode of -Ambivalent -Maramdamin -Fatalistic -As a worker h
behaviour (emotional/affective) -Ingenious and is remedyo
-Matampuhin (sulky) resourceful oriented rathe
-Mapagtanim (Holds -Harmonious with than preventio
grudges) nature oriented
-Imitative -Industrious
-Puts truth and Believes in
person at same bahala na
level attitude (living
here and now)

Related Studies CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO

The study of Coliat et al. (2014) was conducted to assess the Tinapay

(bread) Festival in Cuenca, Batangas. Specifically, their research determined the

development strategies of community-based tourism in terms of planning,

organizing, directing, and controlling; evaluated the effects of development of

 12

community based tourism Tinapay Festival in Cuenca; proposed an action plan

in promoting tourism in Cuenca.

Their study also used descriptive method with the survey questionnaire as

data gathering instrument which was administered among 100 respondents. The

results of the study revealed that the respondents agreed that in order to achieve

the success of the Tinapay Festival, there must be careful planning, organizing,

directing and controlling. Most of the respondents are 60 government officials

and 40 locales who agreed that the community involved and the committee in

charge proved their incomparable teamwork which made the Tinapay Festival

successful.

On the study of Napiza et al. (2012) entitled Community –Based Tourism

Rosario, Batangas City Through Sinukmani Festival aims to determinesthe

development of community based tourism in Rosario Batangas through Sinukami

Festival. Specifically it aims to present the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of community based tourism in term of planning,

organizing, directing and controlling and to evaluate the effects of development of

community-based tourism through Sinukamani Festival.

The study used descriptive method in order to determine the

needed information the needed information regarding with the Sinukmani festival

by using survey questionnaire. The researchers respondents range from 15 to 34

with a salary ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 pesos and most of them are employed.

Having this festival made the community of Rosario flexible and versatile in the
 13

idealization and organizing skills. They developed great teamwork through fair

distribution of task resulting into respect and trust of residents.

The community of Sinukmani festival should come up with more

advertisement to grab more attention of the tourist but also the benefits of the

Municipality of Rosario. Being the rise granary of Batangas City and the

committee of Sinukmani festival should sustain this delicacy.

The study of Valdez (2014) generally aimed to document the existing

practice of the “Parada ng Lechon” in Balayan, Batangas Philippines to honor St.

John the Baptist and the implications of the findings in relation to the study of

Philippine culture. Their paper employed the ethnographic research method

which involved the use of documentary materials, participant observation

method, questionnaires, and interviews with 150 purposively selected

respondents.

The results of their study revealed the world-famous “Parada ng Lechon”

which originated as an old thanksgiving custom of the working class in what-

used-to-be the poor and depressed area of the western district of Balayan,

Batangas, Philippines. It was noteworthy to mention that during the Spanish and

American regimes, families who were fortunate enough to receive some

significant blessings during the past year would parade a lechon in the town

plaza every June 24 - the Feast of St. John the Baptist. For the Balayeños, the

parading of lechon is the best expression of thanksgiving and veneration to their

patron saint. Even during these times, the sight of people parading lechons in
 14

Balayan - coupled with centuries-old practice of water dousing - was quite a

spectacle to behold. The “Parada ng Lechon” is considered an invaluable asset

that encapsulates the Philippine culture which may be cherished for posterity.

On the study of Napiza et al. (2012) entitled Community –Based Tourism

Rosario, Batangas City through Sinukmani Festival aims to determines the

development of community based tourism in Rosario Batangas through

Sinukmani Festival. Specifically it aims to Present the demographic profile of the

respondents in terms of community based tourism in term of planning,

organizing, directing and controlling and to evaluate the effects of development of

community-based tourism through Sinukmani Festival.

The study used descriptive method in order to determine the needed

information the needed information regarding with the Sinukmani festival by

using survey questionnaire. The researchers repondents range from 15 to 34

with a salary ranging from 5,000 to 9,000 pesos and most of them are employed.

Having this festival made the community of Rosario flexible and versatile in the

idealization and organizing skills. They developed great teamwork through fair

distribution of task resulting into respect and trust of residents.

The community of Sinukmani festival should come up with more

advertisement to grab more attention of the tourist but also the benefits of the

Municipality of Rosario. Being the rise granary of Batangas City and the

committee of Sinukmani festival should sustain this delicacy.

 15

The study of Bagsit et al. (2014) entitled Impact of the most Celebrated

Festivals to the tourism Industry described the Impact of the most celebrated

festivals in Batangas City. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the impact

of the most celebrated festivals in Batangas in terms of economic, social,

environmental aspect; to identify the problems encountered during the

celebration of the festival; to test if there is significant relationship between the

aspect of Impacts of the most celebrated festivals in Batangas and propose an

action plan that will help improve the celebration of most celebrated festival in

Batangas.

On the study of Cabralda et al. (2012) entitled Effects of Communiy-

Based Tourism in Batangas City Through Sublian Festival determined the efffets

of community based tourism in Batangas City through Sublian Festival. Most

specifically it aims to present demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

their gender, age, monthly income and employment; to know the development of

community based tourism in terms of planning, organizing, directing and

controlling; and to evaluate the effects of development of community-based

tourism through Sublian Festival.

This research is done through the use of descriptive method, specifically

the survey with a sample of 51 respondents. This data includes the set of

relevant data which had been analysed, summarized and interpreted along

certain lines of thought to push through with the specific purpose of the study. It

can be gleaned in the tables that the respondents reacted positively on the

Development and Effects of Sublian Festival in Batanags City. The respondents

 16

are mostly the participants of Sublian Festival and they agreed that the

community involved and the committee in charge proved this incomparable

teamwork which made the Sublian Festival, truly, a pride of Batangas.

On the ethnographic study of Rosaroso PhD and N. Rosaroso PhD

(2015) which described the local knowledge of the Lucbanin on Pahiyas. The

generation of information on the local knowledge as described by the Lucbanin

unfolded the natives‘meanings in celebrating Philippine festivities such as

Pahiyas Festival. Further, their cultural practices and beliefs, handed down from

generation to generation served as contributory factors in the acquisition of local

knowledge on Pahiyas, revealing its priceless and transcendent beauty.

Triangulation was used in the study to analyze and interpret field notes based on

participant observations, interviews and document/s analyses. Theme analysis

was conducted concurrently with data gathering. Coding was used to classify and

identify emerging themes/categories which provided extensive analysis of the

data. Results revealed that oral traditions played significant contributions in the

acquisition of local knowledge of the Lucbanins in the preparations and

celebration of Pahiyas Festival. Oral traditions coupled with direct and

participants’ observations, formal and informal education as well as folklore

served as mystical instruments in the preservation and promotion of Lucbanins’

cultural and spiritual values and beliefs, keeping Pahiyas Festival as a moving

and dynamic legacy throughout the years. The role of oral traditions as rooted in

Lucbanins’ local history is a symbol of a true and genuine Lucbanin, entirely

different from other locals in the country.

 17

On the study of Cabralda et al. (2012) entitled Effects of Communiy-

Based Tourism in Batangas City Through Sublian Festival determined the effects

of community based tourism in Batangas City through Sublian Festival. Most

specifically it aims to present demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

their gender, age, monthly income and employment; to know the development of

community0based tourism in terms of planning, organizing, directing and

controlling; and to evaluate the effects of development of community-based

tourism through Sublian Festival.

This research is done through the use of descriptive method, specifically

the survey with a sample of 51 respondents. This data includes the set of

relevant data which had been analysed, summarized and interpreted along

certain lines of thought to push through with the specific purpose of the study. It

can be gleaned in the tables that the respondents reacted positively on the

Development and Effects of Sublian Festival in Batanags City. The respondents

are mostly the participants of Sublian Festival and they agreed that the

community involved and the committee in charge proved this incomparable

teamwork which made the Sublian Festival, truly, a pride of Batangas.

The study of Panaguiton et al. (2015) aims to assess the level of service

quality of the Iloilo Dinagyang Festival, one of Philippines’ most prominent

cultural festivals. In line with this, the researchers aim to put into context the gap

mentioned by making an attempt to measure the level of service quality of the

2014 Dinagyang Festival using one of the leading service quality assessment

models. Purposive sampling with thirty foreign tourist respondents was used in
 18

this study. The Childress-Crompton model was utilized to assess the

respondents’ perception of service quality based on four key service dimensions.

The study concludes that foreign tourists who attended the festival were satisfied

with the event’s generic and specific entertainment features, and neutral with

regards to information sources and comfort amenities. As to the over-all relative

level of importance of the four dimensions, the ranking is in accordance with

existing literature. Furthermore, statistical tests revealed significant differences

on how the different sexes and age groups rated some of the festival’s key

service dimensions. In conclusion, improvements in the festival should focus on

cleanliness, information dissemination, and refinement of comfort amenities.

Gaas et al. (2011) study aimed at assessing the economic and tourism

impact of the Ati-Atihan Festival to the Municipality of Kalibo, Aklan. Their

descriptive study involved 120 respondents composed of residents, businessmen

and local government officials who were selected using the purposive sampling

method. A one-shot survey was conducted to gather pertinent data and treated

using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results revealed that respondents

believed that the Ati-Atihan festival had an impact on the economy of the town by

bringing about the expansion and improvement of local products and in

increasing the economic activity in the town. It had an impact on the tourism

industry by attracting tourists both locally and internationally. However, significant

differences were found concerning the impact of Ati-Atihan festival. Thus, certain

recommendations were formulated for the enhancement of the celebration as

well as to boost the tourism industry and the economy of the municipality.
 19

Synthesis

The study of Coliat et al. (2014), Gaas et al. (2011) on festivals, and the

present study all used descriptive method. However, they differ on the purpose.

Coliat et al. aims to assess the Tinapay (bread) Festival in Cuenca, Batangas.

On the other hand Gaas aims to assess the economic and tourism impact of the

Ati-Atihan Festival to the Municipality of Kalibo, Aklan while the present study

aims to describe Ibaan and its people through Les KuHLiemBo festival.

The study of Cabralda et al. (2012) and the present study both used

descriptive method of research. However the former study aims to determine the

effects of community based tourism in Batangas City through Sublian Festival is

different from the latter study, that aims to describe Ibaanians Les KuHLiemBo

festival.

The study of Napiza et al. (2012) and the present study both used

descriptive method of research. However, the aim of Napiza et al. is to determine

the development of community based tourism in Rosario, Batangas through

Sinukami Festival different from the present researchers study.

The study of Valdez (2014) and of Rosaroso PhD, N. Rosaroso PhD

(2015) both used the ethnographic research method different from the present

study that used descriptive method of research. In addition, the purpose of each

study is very different from each other.

 20

Lastly, study of Panaguiton et al. 2015 is very different from present study.

This study used the purposive sampling for the data gathering instrument and

aims to assess the level of service quality of the Iloilo Dinagyang Festival.

Conceptual Framework

Ibaanians traits
Ibaan’s Les and
Historical KuHLiemB characteristics
Background reflected on
o Festival Les
KuHLiemBo
Festival

Definition of Terms

In order to arrive at a common understanding of the study, the following

terms pertinent to discussion are hereby conceptually and operationally defined

 21

Habi. It refers to a hand woven fabric which sometimes used as clothing or

beddings. (https://ibaangibaan.wordpress.com/2014/07/28/pagbuhay-sa-

habi/habi-ng-ibaan-batangas-hand-woven-fabric-of-ibaan-munting-tubig-mayor-

danny-toreja-6/). In this study, it stands for H in the Les KuHLiemBo festival.

Ibaanians. It refers to the group of people. In this study, the term refers to

the people living in Ibaan.

Kulambo. It refers to a mosquito net. (tagaloglang.com). In this study, it

stands for Kuh at Les KuHLiemBo festival in Ibaan.

Liempo. It is a pork belly. In the Philippines, liempo is frequently grilled

and then served with steamed white rice. (tagaloglang.com). In this study, it

stands for Liem on Les KuHLiembo festival.

Tamales. Is of Mexican-Spanish origin, but in Batangas, especially in the

town of Ibaan, it is given a local twist and the delicacy has made the place

famous. Instead of the sweet variety, Tamales Ibaan is nutty and spicy. (Chit,

2009). In this study, Tamales represents Les on Les KuHLiemBo festival.

Tubo. It is Filipino term for sugar cane. In this study, it refers to Bo on Les

KuHLiemBo festival

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 22

This chapter is a presentation of the research design, the subjects of the

study, the data gathering procedure and the instrument used in the completion of

the study.

Research Design

This study, qualitative in nature, will utilize the descriptive method of

research as it determines the present condition taking place in a particular

situation. This method will be used to gather the needed information and data on

Profiling Ibaanians through Les KuhLiemBo Festival. Likewise, the historical

method will also be used to trace the history of Les KuhLiemBo Festival.

Subjects of the Study

The main subject of this study is the Tourism Secretary of the Municipality

of Ibaan as she will be the source of the important information needed. Other

subjects will be those who participated in the past festivals and even those who

were present during the event either as audience or guests.

Since this is a qualitative research, it does not require any sampling

method nor formula for determining the number of participants.

Data Gathering Instrument

 23

The researchers utilized library technique and face-to-face interview to

gather the information needed. Documentary analysis was also used.

One of the examples of qualitative research methodology is the library

technique which uses individuals’ opinions, knowledge perceptions or ideas

about a certain topic. This technique also used in union with other research tools

like, surveys that can help in developing questionnaire and explaining specific

survey results. (Pacific Southwest Regional Medical Library, UCLA Biomedical

Library 90095-1798, USA.)

Face-to-face interview is a data gathering method when the interviewer

directly communicates and interacts with the respondent in accordance with the

prepared questionnaire. This method aims to acquire accurate information,

persons evaluations, attitudes, preferences and other information coming out

while communicating to the respondents. Thus, face-to-face interview method

ensures the quality of the obtained data and increases the response rate.

(www.spinter.lt/site/en/vidinis/vidmenu/face-to-face-interview)

Document or Documentary analysis is a social research method and is an

important research tool in its own right and is an invaluable part of most schemes

of triangulation. It pertains to the various procedures involved in analyzing and

understanding data generated from the examination of documents and records

related to a particular study. Documentary work also includes the reading of

written material. (Robson, C. Real World Research. 3rd edition.

Chichester,Wiley:2011.)
 24

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will interview those who have been part of the Les

KuHLiemBo festival. The researchers will also use web searching for further

history backgrounds. To answer the first objective, the researchers will be able to

go on the Municipality of Ibaan in order to consult the Department of Tourism and

ask for brief information about Ibaan’s History. The second objective is answered

by gathering specific informations on the internet and also refers to the

Department of Tourism in Ibaan about Les KuHLiemBo festival. Lastly, to answer

the third objective, the researchers are able to search ideas and collect the

needed information in the internet and interview people who are related on Les

KuHLiemBo festival.

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 25

The Data and information that have been collected was presented, analysed,

discussed and interpreted as follows.

1. Historical background of Ibaan

The only available document at hand in the municipality of Ibaan is in the

vernacular language. However, there is an English version provided by

(http://www.ibaan.gov.ph) which states that Ibaan, then, was only a barrio or a

part of the town of Batangas, now Batangas City. In the year 1780, the first

Poblacion was in Matala, now a barrio of Ibaan, four kilometers away from the

said town. In 1832, many dwellers liked that the Poblacion be transferred and

was formally separated from the town of Batangas. The so called “ Principalia”

was the basic form of government then had its organization and the leaders like

the Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza de Barangay and other officials exercised their

power and duties. The organization of the principalia was accompanied with the

establishment of the provincial church.

Local historians claim that the place now known as the Municipality of

Ibaan was heavily forested by “Iba” trees. The Iba tree is very similar to the

“calamias” tree in structure. The only difference between “Iba” and “calamias”

fruits are their shapes. Iba fruits are round while Calamias fruits are oblong but

both fruits grow in clusters. The early settlers of this place called it “ Ibaan”

meaning the place where “ Iba” abounds.

This town has been called the home of the “ Kulambo” or mosquito net.

There was a time when ninety percent of the mosquito nets used all over the
 26

Philippines came from the looms of the weavers of Ibaan. Peddlers from the

municipality cover the whole archipelago selling mosquito nets, blankets,

bedcovers, pillow cases and other clothing materials and kitchen wavers.

Ibaan is bounded in the north by Lipa City and Municipality of San Jose,

on the east by Municipalities of Rosario and Taysan, on the south by Batangas

City, on the west by Batangas City and Municipality of San Jose. It has an

abundant water supply, having two big rivers, the Ibaan River and Malaking Ilog

in Barangay Catandala passing thru its territory.

It is situated at 121 degrees 7 minutes 10 seconds north latitude and 13

degrees 49 minutes 3 seconds east longitude. It is served by the existing STAR

Tollway with Exit/Entry points at Barangay Malainin of this municipality. The

Municipality has a total land area of 6,796 hectares.

At early times, the Ibaanians source of income was Kulambo weaving only

that led to the foundation of Kulambo Festival. But as time goes by, Ibaanians

learned to adopt different work that helps them to have a stable source of

income, making them unique from other municipalities. Through this, the

government of Ibaan come up to make another festival that may represents the

different product that they were best known for.

2. Les KuHLiemBo Festival

 27

According to Ibaan tourism files, Les KuHLiemBo festival is the official

festival of the municipality of Ibaan. Les KuHLiemBo festival was launched by the

Municipal government of Ibaan, Batangas with a primary objective of promoting

tourism, domestic products and main sources of income of the municipality. Les

KuHLiembo festival stands for Tamales, Kulambo, Habi, Liempo and tubo which

the municipality is best known for. It also connotes that the people of Ibaan join

their hands to promote the tourism, culture and arts, livelihood and economic

well-being of the Ibaanians. Thru Municipal Ordinance No.2014-026 and

Municipal Ordinance No.2014-02, Les KuHLiemBo Festival was declared as the

official festival of the Municipality of Ibaan,Batangas on February 10, 2014 and

being celebrated every 11th day of February.

By definition, festival attracts visitors, and visitors spend money, which

boost the local economy both on and off the festival site. But off-site spending

related to festivals revenue for community too. Festival provide free marketing

and advertising for local businesses as visitors talk about their fun experiences

when they go back home .If visitors post comments and photos about their

experience on Facebook or other social media, so much the better. The economy

affecting tourism and non-tourism related businesses alike.

According to Soriano, tourism designated officer of Ibaan. Les KuhLiemBo

festival was borne out of the Executive, Legislative Agenda on the 2 nd term of

Mayor Danny Toreja wherein every department must have each program.

Soriano together with Perez coined the word Les KuHLiemBo which stands for

Tama(Les), (Ku)lambo, (H)abi (Liem)po and Tu(bo) for which the municipality is
 28

best known for. She also said that Les KuHLiemBo festival was made in order for

the municipality of Ibaan to have its own identity and also to promote its product.

Following are the week-long activities in the last Les KuHLiemBo festival.

Date EVENTS TIME VENUE

February

Mutya ng Ibaan 2017 candidates

motorcade together with Pinoy
4 saturday ninja riders club 7:00 am Ibaan routes
Mountain bike challenge 9:00 am Municipal wide
5 sunday Color run 5:00 am B.R Medrano plaza
Job fair 8:00 am Recto gym
6 monday Cultural presentation: St. James the greater
Deped, LGU, bankers, parish church patio
cooperatives & NGOs 6:30 pm

7 tuesday Mutya ng ibaan 2017 swimsuit 7:00 pm The palms peak

competition resort

8 wednesday Mutya ng ibaan 2017 pageant and 6:30 pm St. James the greater
coronation night parish church patio
10 friday Boxing 6:30 pm B.R. Medrano plaza
Mass 6:00 am St. James the greater
parish church
Grilling 7:00 am Poblacion (main
street)
Les kuhliembo festival street 7:00 am Poblacion (main
dance and costume parade street)
11 saturday Court dance St. James the greater
parish church patio
Awarding St. James the greater
parish church patio
Remote control demo and 1:00 pm St. James the greater
exhibition flyout parish church patio
Bistro night and fireworks display 7:00 pm B.r. Medrano
 29

As seen from the picture above, Les KuhLiemBo festival was defined by

Soriano as a way of thanksgiving for the bountiful production and also to promote

the products and the Industry where the municipality is rich in. This also aimed to

open up the mind of every individual especially the Ibaanians about the things

before that were inherited until now. She also states that through Les

KuHLiemBo festival Ibaanians can go along with other municipalities by

presenting the diversity of their culture with satisfaction. Lastly, she quote that

Les KuhLiembo festival is a way on how can Ibaanians look back to the past and

distinguish the progress of Ibaan.

The following are the activities happened at the past Les KuHLiemBo festival.

Mutya ng Ibaan Motorcade

Part of the 185th foundation of Ibaan and Les KuHLiemBo festival is the

search for Mutya ng Ibaan 2017. Last February 4, the first activity of the week-

long celebration is the motorcade of 26 beautiful and lovely candidates from

different barangay. The motorcade started at the Municipal hall of Ibaan and

goes around the Ibaan official route. Mutya ng Ibaan candidates proved that they

got the essential requirements to be renounced as the Mutya ng Ibaan 2017. The

beauty, brains and personality search for that distinctive young Ibaena who will
 30

serve as the town’s Ambassadress of Goodwill and who shall represent our town

to different well-known national pageants was flaunted to Ibaanians as the

motorcade begun.

5k Color Fun Run

5k Color Fun Run “Just for Fun” has the tagline “you’ll start clean but you

won’t stay that way”. Color Fun Run registration starts from January 23 up to

February 5, 2017. The registration Fee is 150.00 inclusive for a race kit which

includes the race short, race bib, bottled water and color powder.

The Fun run starts at exactly 5:30 am. Every station have its different color

powder. Almost 500 Ibaanians joined the Color Run. The race starts at Balanga

and end at the B.R Medrano plaza. Ibaanians truly enjoyed the first colorful fun

run with the splashing colors throughout the activity.

Job Fair

Together with the intention to help the Ibaanians to find much stable job,

the municipality of Ibaan launched a Job Fair in accordance to the 185 th

foundation of Ibaan and the Les KuHLiemBo festival. This activity gathered the

attention of those who were jobless and give them the opportunity to have higher

profits for their family. The job fair aims to lessen the unemployment rate in Ibaan

which will also reflect on its economic development.

Cultural Night presentation

 31

Different LGU and NGO’s officers together with the bankers and other

schools joined the Cultural presentation held at St. James the Greater Patio at

exactly 6:30 p.m. They showed their talent in dancing the traditional dance and

folk dance in the Philippines. The Ibaanians were amazed to how they portrayed

the Les KuHLiemBo festival through dancing. The grace, passion and the

burning commitment of every Ibaanians to their municipality was shown to how

grandiose the celebration of the festival is.

Mutya ng Ibaan Coronation Night

Coronation Night of Mutya Ng Ibaan was held at St. James the Greater Patio

last February 08, 2017. The beauty of every Ibaena was showcased from the

traditional costumes, swimsuit, casual and formal wear. The gorgeous smiles and

good postures of the candidates became their tool be included in the top five.

Moving forward on the search, beauty was not just needed but also the

knowledge of a candidate in order for her to be the next Mutya ng Ibaan. At the

end of the pageant the beauty and the knowledge of Ms. Balanga lead her to be

crowned as Mutya ng Ibaan 2017.

Les KuHLiemBo Festival

Last February 11, 2017 the main event of the week long activity happened.

The celebration for the 185th founding anniversary of Ibaan in collaboration with
 32

the Les KuHLiemBo festival was joined by every Ibaanians as they indulged with

this one week fun of different activities. Thanksgiving mass, street dancing,

grilling are just some of the fun package experienced by the Municipality of Ibaan

led by the honorable Mayor Juan Danny V. Toreja.

PARADE. All government officials together STREET DANCE. DJAPMNHS students

with different schools joined the parade. performing their dance piece.

GLAMOUR. Mutya ng Ibaan candidates with

their traditional costume
 33

IT’S SHOWTIME. Different secondary schools from

Ibaan showcase their talents in Dancing and
Acting

PARTY!Ibaanians enjoy the party all night long

 34

3. Ibaanians traits and characteristics as reflected in Les KuHLiemBo

Festival

The following table shows the Les Kuhliembo activities and the corresponding

reflected traits and characteristics of Ibaanians

ACTIVITIES Description Traits and

Characteristics
>People from Ibaan gather together to >Religious
attend the mass. >United
>Parishioners, devoters, governemnt >God loving
THANKSGIVING officials, schools teaching force and
MASS other Ibaanians joined the Thanksgiving
Mass
>Fr. Randy Marquez OSJ, was the main
celebrant of the holy mass
>Thanksgiving for the bountiful harvest
and production every year.
>Mutya candidates in traditional >Creative
costumes >Artistic
COSTUME >materials for the costumes are the >Meticulous
PARADE recycled scraps from Kulambo, >Resourceful
Tamales, Habi and Tubo >Industrious
>costumes are based on Ibaan well-
known products, the Tamales, Kulambo,
Habi, Liempo and Tubo
>Secondary schools joined the Street >Dedicated
Dancing competition. >Patient
STREET DANCE >Culture and traditions of Ibaanians >Talented
AND COURT were presented >Creative
DANCE >Colorful and giant props >Artistic
>Students showed their skills in dancing >Optimist
and acting >Strong-minded
>the showmanship of the competitors >Sentimental
>Sportsmanship of each schools. >Cooperative
>Mayor Danny Toreja lead the activity >Good cook
by flaring up the grills of each barangay >Sociable
>One line grilling from the Municipal Hall >Cooperative
GRILLING up to the B.R Medrano Plaza >Helpful
>People from different Barangays grilled >Industrious
together >Joyous
>Ibaanians unite >Sentimental
 35

>People from different Barangays >Sociable

gathered together >Friendly
BISTRO NIGHT >Mostly men joined this activity >Joyous
AND >The entrance fee of the party is >Kind
somewhat expensive >Fun-Loving
FIREWORKS >They enjoyed the music all night long >Simple
DISPLAY >They appreciate simple celebration >Cooperative
>Appreciative
>Music lover
>Generous

As seen from the table, the most prominent traits of Ibaanians are sociable

and cooperative for they showed how they can blend with different kinds of

people anytime and anywhere. Another is that they can also cooperate in any

activity and join without hesitations. Their social skill was exceptional which can

be seen in their festive activities. Ibaanians cooperativeness also contributed in

the last Les KuHLiemBo festival which paid off their hardships for they were able

to produce a grandiose and extra-ordinary celebration of their proudest festival.

However, the least observed trait is being Meticulous for this trait was only

showed on the Costume Parade of Mutya ng Ibaan Candidates but Ibaanians

through this said activity presents their creativity and artistic minds for they were

able to dress the candidates elegantly and stylishly.

The following are the interpretation of the activities.

Thanksgiving mass

First and foremost the Ibaanians are considered to be Religious. It is

observed on the Thanksgiving mass that was held at St. James the Greater

Parish before the formal celebration of Les KuhLiemBo festival. Ibaanians were
 36

also able to gather for one purpose, it is to thank God. It just states that

Ibaanians put God first before anything else to honor and express gratitude to

him for the bountiful production every year.

Mutya ng Ibaan costume parade

Creative minds, delicate hand crafting skills and unique style of fashion is

essential to what the costume designers need to have in order to produce such

impressive costumes of the Mutya ng Ibaan in the parade during the celebration

of Les KuHLiemBo festival. The representatives of Mutya ng Ibaan from different

barangays wore very unique costumes which are made from recycled materials

on the leftovers of Ibaan’s native delicacies and products such as Tamales,

Kulambo, Habi and Tubo. In every single detail of their costumes, it can trace

that Ibaanians are meticulous and sensitive when it comes to styles and unique

fashion. Thus, the creativity of the native Ibaanians weaver was also reflected on

Costume parade which was wore by the Mutya ng Ibaan candidates.

Street dancing

Talents, skills and passion are some ways on how people can recognize a

place. Ibaanians is considered to be a good performer. It is showed on their

graceful and wonderful presentation of their old tradition by the use of Street

dancing. The street dancing represents the culture and traditions of Ibaanians.

Through this activity, Ibaanians were able to show their talents in dancing and

acting and also their creativity to portray every piece of Ibaanians culture and

their artistic style of creating costumes and giant props.

 37

Ibaanians students showcase their characteristics of being dedicated and

passionate, as they are studying and practicing at the same time, they were still

able to present a good and commendable performance. In addition,

showmanship is also a trait that Ibaanians have. Participants were able to

perform continuously even if the weather is in not good condition making them

soaked in rain. They only justified the saying “show must go on”.

Ibaanians former businesses were also shown on the street dancing

competitions, for the contestants show the life of Ibaanians before and who the

Ibaanians are today in terms of jobs. Les KuHLiemBo festival represents the

products of Ibaanians. This proves that people in Ibaan are really industrious, for

the jobs of Ibaanians before up to the present needs patience and diligence for

them to be able to develop their business that eventually contributes for

achieving their rising peak today. Ibaanians are also sentimental for they are able

to preserve the old industries in the municipality like Habihan in Sta. Margarita,

Munting Tubig that was almost 100 years existing. Another is the Kulambo

industry in Bungahan wherein it is almost 60 years present on Ibaan. They are

able to preserve the old identity of Ibaan that until now is being sustained by the

new generation through participating in the Les KuHLiemBo festival Street

Dancing competition that aims to show the Ibaan industries before and today at

present.
 38

Liempo Grilling

On the other hand, Liempo grilling connotes the unity of people in Ibaan

for they are being united in order to have a harmonic way of portraying the

characteristics of Ibaanians as friendly and cooperative persons throughout the

activity. Everyone gathered together in the different barangay stations to

socialize and bond with each other. Ibaaninas are also considered as joyous

because it was evident on their smiles plastered on their faces while enjoying the

grilling activity. Moreover, they are sentimental persons because they treasure

every moment of the activity and enjoying it while taking selfies and groufies.

Bistro night and fireworks display

The Bistro Night, the one night blast activity is also included at the

celebration of Les KuHLiemBo festival. Ibaanians are classified to be fun-loving

persons as they enjoyed the party all night long. They are not just work oriented

persons but they also know how to enjoy life every once in a while after the

hardships that they encountered. Ibaanians were not reluctant to spend or to

think about the expenses when it comes to happiness, for they are generous

when it comes to events and celebrations. The Bistro Night also traced that

Ibaanians are very good in socializing because people joined the party even if

they are not that familiar with each other. Despite this fact, they still enjoy the

company of one another. They appreciate the little things behind every single

activity it is simple yet worthy and unique celebration.

 39

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMEDATION

This chapter presents the summary, findings, conclusion and

recommendations of the study.

Summary

This study aimed to identify and describe Ibaanians through Les

KuHLiemBo Festival

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to describe Ibaan and its people through Les

KuHLiemBo Festival.

Specifically, this study will seek to answer the following questions:

1. What is Ibaan’s historical background?

2. What is Les KuHLiemBo Festival?

3. How are Ibaanians traits and characteristics reflected on Les KuHLiemBo

Festival

Findings

The study yielded the following findings:

1. Ibaan’s Historical background

Ibaan before was only a barrio or a part of the town of Batangas, now

Batangas City. In the year 1780, the first Poblacion was in Matala, now a barrio
 40

of Ibaan, four kilometers away from the said town. In 1832, many dwellers liked

that the Poblacion be transferred and was formally separated from the town of

Batangas. The so called “Principalia” was the basic form of government then had

its organization and the leaders like the Gobernadorcillo, Cabeza de Barangay

and other officials exercised their power and duties. The organization of the

principalia was accompanied with the establishment of the provincial church.

Local historians claim that the place now known as the Municipality of

Ibaan was heavily forested by “Iba” trees. The Iba tree is very similar to the

“calamias” tree in structurre. The only difference between “Iba” and “calamias”

fruits are their shapes. The early settlers of this place called it “Ibaan” meaning

the place where “Iba” abounds.

2. Les KuHLiemBo Festival

Les KuHLiemBo festival is the official festival of the municipality of Ibaan.

Les KuHLiemBo festival was launched by the Municipal government of Ibaan,

Batangas with a primary objective of promoting tourism, domestic products and

main sources of income of the municipality. Les KuHLiembo festival stands for

Tamales, Kulambo, Habi, Liempo and tubo which the municipality is best known

for. It also connotes that the people of Ibaan join their hands to promote the

tourism, culture and arts, livelihood and economic well-being of the Ibaanians.

Thru Municipal Ordinance No.2014-026 and Municipal Ordinance No.2014-02,

Les KuHLiemBo Festival was declared as the official festival of the Municipality
 41

of Ibaan,Batangas on February 10, 2014 and being celebrated every 11th day of

February.

Les KuHLiemBo festival was made in order for the municipality of Ibaan to

have its own identity and also to promote its product. She also said that it could

not be Kulambo festival only because Kulambo is not the only product of the

municipality.

Les KuHLiemBo Festival cannot stand by itself alone, it was made

possible not just because of the government officials’ effort but also the

cooperation of each Ibaanians. Through every drop of sweat and hardships of

Ibaanians, unity and cooperation are the key to their arising success.

3. Ibaanians traits and characteristics

According to the data gathered, the most prominent traits of Ibaanians are

sociable and cooperative for they showed how they can blend with different kinds

of people anytime and anywhere. Another is that they can also cooperate in any

activity and join without hesitations. However, the least observed trait is being

Meticulous for this trait was only showed on the Costume Parade of Mutya ng

Ibaan Candidates but Ibaanians through this said activity presents their creativity

and artistic minds for they were able to dress the candidates elegantly and

stylishly.
 42

Conclusion

1. Everything and every place has its origin which should be available for

retrieval purposes.

2. Les KuHLiemBo festival is the combination of the products, industries and

delicious delicacies in Ibaan. Through Municipality’s commendable efforts, Les

KuHLiemBo festival as of this year was celebrated for almost four years.

3. Les KuHLiemBo Festival does not only represent the proudest products of

Ibaanians but it also signifies the creative and artistic way of promoting their own

festival.

Recommendations

1. That every Municipality must not only have its records about the Historical

background of their place but also they should make websites that contains all

the necessary information about their municipality.

2. That the municipality of Ibaan should conduct seminars for the youths that

would teach them the historical background and unique origin of Ibaan because it

is important for a community to know the foundation of the place where they

reside.

3. That the History of Ibaan should be included in the Junior High Curriculum

especially on the subject of Araling Panlipunan

4. That date of Les KuHLiemBo Festival is declared as a holiday so that most

Ibaanians can witness and join the festival.

 43

5. That Tamales and Liempo cooking must be included at Junior High School

curriculum especially on the subject of cookery.

6. That more activities like teaching the youths on how to weave Habi and

Kulambo in order for the old industries to be preserve and sustain by the new

generation.

7. That every Ibaanians must be taught on how to cook the delicious delicacy of

Ibaan namely: Tamales and Liempo in order for them to put up small business

and to have more income.

8. That Bistro Night must be free so that Ibaanians can all join the party.

9. That Liempo Grilling should be longer as much as the municipality can in order

to have a chance to be recorded at Guiness World Book of Records and

recognize not just by other municipalities but also by the whole world.

10. That Municipality of Ibaan should invite other municipalities to join the Bistro

Night celebration in order to show how generous and hospitable they are.

11. That the youths in every barangay should have teambuilding activities to

enhance their social skills.

12. That the future researchers may conduct a new study on how to promote Les

KuHLiemBo Festival for further improvements and developments.

 44

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