irwin05-189-244hr4.

qxd 3-09-2010 15:54 Page 227

ADDITIONAL ANALYSIS
TECHNIQUES

5.1 Use linearity and the assumption that Vo ⫽ 1 V to find

the actual value of Vo in Fig. P5.1.

2 k⍀ +
2 k⍀
2 k⍀ 2 k⍀ Vo
2 k⍀
Is=12 mA
–

Figure P5.1

5.2 Using linearity and the assumption that Io ⫽ 1 mA, find

the actual value of Io in the network use Fig. P5.2.

6 k⍀
+ 4 k⍀
– V
s = 24 V 2 k⍀
4 k⍀
6 k⍀
3 k⍀ Io

Figure P5.2

5.3 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.3 using linearity and the
assumption that Io = 1 mA.
2 k⍀ 2 k⍀

Io
12 mA 2 k⍀ 2 k⍀ 2 k⍀
4 k⍀

Figure P5.3
irwin05-189-244hr4.qxd 3-09-2010 15:54 Page 227

5.4 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.4 using linearity and the
assumption that Io = 1 mA.

4 k⍀ 4 k⍀ 4 k⍀

12 k⍀ 4 mA 4 k⍀ 2 k⍀

Io

Figure P5.4

5.5 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.5 using linearity and the
assumption that Vo = 1 V.
I1 I2 I3
3 k⍀ + 3 k⍀ + 3 k⍀ +
I3
8V
+ 3 k⍀ 3 k⍀ 3 k⍀ Vo
– 6 k⍀
V2 V4
– – –

Figure P5.5

5.6 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.6 using

superposition.
6 k⍀ 3 k⍀

6V
+ 2 k⍀ 2 mA 3 k⍀
–
Io

Figure P5.6
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 228

5.7 In the network in Fig. P5.7 find Io using

superposition.
6 k 6 k

12 V
+ 6 k 6 mA 6 k
–
Io

Figure P5.7

5.8 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.8 using superposition.

+ Vo –

3 k 8 k

12 V
+ 6 k 2 mA 2 k
–

Figure P5.8

5.9 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P.5.9 using superposition.

+ Vo –
4 k 6 k 8 k

2 k 6 mA 4 mA 4 k

Figure P5.9

5.10 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.10 using superposition.

+ Vo –

6 k 6 k 6 k

6 k 12 V + 6 mA 6 k
–

Figure P5.10

5.11 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.11 using superposition.

12 V + 2 k 6 mA
–
4 k 4 k

2 k

Io
Figure P5.11
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 228

5.12 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.12 using superposition.

+ Vo –

2 k
12 V 6 mA

–+

2 k 2 k 2 k

Figure P5.12

5.13 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.13 using superposition.

+
2 k Vo
6 mA – 4 mA
4 k

2 k 2 k

4 k
Figure P5.13

5.14 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.14 using superposition.

12 V + 6 k 6 mA
–
6 k 6 k
Io
6 k

Figure P5.14

5.15 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.15 using superposition.

6 mA 6 k

6 k
6 k Vo

–
12 V + 6 k

Figure P5.15
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 229

5.16 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.16 using superposition.

6 k

12 V 6V
–+ +–

6 mA

6 k 6 k
Io
6 k

Figure P5.16

5.17 Use superposition to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.17.

12 mA

6 k 6 k
Io

12 V +
–

6 k 6 k

6 mA
Figure P5.17

5.18 Use superposition to find Io in the network in Fig. P5.18.

6 k

6 mA 4 mA Io

6 k 6 k
6 k

Figure P5.18

5.19 Use superposition to find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.19.

3 k
–
12 V + + 6V
–
3 k 3 k
+
3 k Vo
–

Figure P5.19
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 229

5.20 Use superposition to find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.20.

+
–
12 V + 6 k Vo + 6V
–
–

6 k 6 k

6 k 6 mA 6 k

Figure P5.20

5.21 Use superposition to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.21.

6 k + 12 V 6 k
–
6 k 6 k
Io

6 mA 12 k 4 mA

Figure P5.21

5.22 Use superposition to find Io in the network in Fig. P5.22.

12 V + 6 mA
–
Io 4 k
3 k
–
6V + 6 k

Figure P5.22

5.23 Use superposition to find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.23.

+
–
12 V + 6 mA

3 k Vo
3 k

3 k 3 k

Figure P5.23
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 230

5.24 Find VA in Fig. P5.24 using superposition.

2 k 4 k 2 k

5 k
+ +
10 V – 10 mA 2 k
VA 2 mA
–

Figure P5.24

5.25 Find I1 in Fig. P5.25 using superposition.

2 k 4 k

+
– 8V 8 k

2 k 4 k
+ +
– 12 V 6 k – 16 V

I1

Figure P5.25

5.26 Use superposition to calculate Ix in Fig. P5.26.

12 k

6 k Ix 4 k

+
12 V – 2 mA – 24 V
+

Figure P5.26

5.27 Calculate Vo in Fig. P5.27 using superposition.

+ Vo –

6 k 4 k 10 k
2 k
+ 10 k +
12 V – – 18 V
6 mA

Figure P5.27
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 230

5.28 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.28 using superposition.

2 k 4 mA 1 k
6V
+– –+
+
12 V
2 k 1 k 1 k Vo

Figure P5.28
5.29 Use superposition to find Io in the network in Fig. P5.29.
2 mA

4 mA 4 k

2 k
4 k

6 mA 12 k

Io

Figure P5.29
5.30 Use superposition to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.30.

2 k + 6V 6 k
–

+– 2 mA
3 k
12 V

12 V + 4 k
–
Io

Figure P5.30
5.31 Use superposition to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.31.

4 k

6 k

6 k
4 mA 2 mA
12 V – 3 k 2 k
+
Io

Figure P5.31
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 231

5.32 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the network in

Fig. P5.32.
6V 12 V
+– –+
+

2 k 4 k 2 k Vo
–

Figure P5.32

5.33 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the circuit using

Fig. P5.33.

12 V + 2 k 6 mA
–
4 k 4 k

Io
2 k

Figure P5.33

5.34 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit using

Fig. P5.34.
+ Vo –

2 k
6 mA

–+
12 V
2 k 2 k 2 k

Figure P5.34

5.35 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.35.

+
4 k Vo
–
3 k 3 k
6V +
–

6 k 6 k

6 mA
Figure P5.35
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 231

5.36 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.36.
4 mA

2 k

2 mA 1 k 1 k 6 mA

Io

Figure P5.36

5.37 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.37 using Thevenin’s

theorem.
1 k
Io
1 k 2 k
–
4 mA + 6V 2 mA

Figure P5.37

5.38 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.38 using Thévenin’s

theorem.
12 V
–+

1 k 2 k +

2 k 4 mA 1 k Vo

Figure P5.38

5.39 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.39 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 k 2 mA

2 k Vo
2 k

+ 12 V 1 k
–
–

Figure P5.39
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 232

5.40 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.40 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

12 V + 2 k
–
Io
1 k
2 k

1 k 2 mA

Figure P5.40

5.41 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.41 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 k + 12 V
–

4 mA
2 k +

1 k 2 k Vo

Figure P5.41

5.42 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.42 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 k 2 k
12 V –
– +
+

6V

2 k 1 k Io

Figure P5.42
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 232

5.43 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in Fig. P5.43.

2 mA
4 k

I0
2 k
2 k 4 k

+ + +
– 12 V – 8V – 16 V

Figure P5.43

5.44 Calculate Ix in Fig. P5.44 using Thévenin’s theorem.

12 k

6 k Ix 4 k

+
12 V – 2 mA
– 24 V
+

Figure P5.44

5.45 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.45 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 k

1 mA 1 k

+
– 6V 1 k 2 mA

Io

Figure P5.45
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 233

5.46 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.46 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 mA 1 k 2 mA

0.5 k 0.5 k

+Vo –
–
1 k 2 mA
+ 6V

Figure P5.46

5.47 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.47.

24 V + 6 k 2 k
–
2 mA

2 mA
3 k 4 k

Io

Figure P5.47

5.48 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.48.

–+
4 k
18 V
6 k 6 k 4 k

6 k

2 mA 1 mA 3 k

Io

Figure P5.48
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 233

5.49 Given the linear circuit in Fig. P5.49, it is known that

when a 2-kΩ load is connected to the terminals A–B, the
load current is 10 mA. If a 10-kΩ load is connected to
the terminals, the load current is 6 mA. Find the current
in a 20-kΩ load.

A
RTh
± Voc
–

Figure P5.49

5.50 If an 8-kΩ load is connected to the terminals of the

network in Fig. P5.50, VAB  16 Ω. If a 2-kΩ load is
connected to the terminals, VAB = 8 V. Find VAB if a
20-kΩ load is connected to the terminals.

Linear
circuit

Figure P5.50

5.51 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.51 using Norton’s

theorem.

6 k 3 k

12 V ± 3 k 1 mA 3 k
–
Io

Figure P5.51

5.52 Use Norton’s theorem to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.52.

12 V
4 k 2 k
+–

2 k 2 k 4 mA 4 k

Io

Figure P5.52
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 234

5.53 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.53 using Norton’s

theorem.

2 k Io

6 k 3 k

12 V + 2 k 4 k
–

Figure P5.53
5.54 Use Norton’s theorem to find Vo in the network
in Fig. P5.54.
2 k

4 k
+ 2 mA

24 V + Vo 4 k 2 k
–
–

Figure P5.54
5.55 Use Norton’s theorem to find Io in the circuit in
Fig. P5.55.

1 k 1 k 1 k
2V
2 mA +–

4 k 4V +
–
Io

Figure P5.55
5.56 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.56 using Norton’s
theorem.

2 k 4 mA 1 k
6V
+– –+
+
12 V
2 k 1 k 1 k Vo

Figure P5.56
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 234

5.57 Use Norton’s theorem to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.57.

24 V + 6 k 2 k
–
2 mA

2 mA
3 k 4 k

Io

Figure P5.57

5.58 Use Norton’s theorem to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.58.

–+
4 k
18 V
6 k 6 k 4 k

6 k

2 mA 1 mA 3 k

Io

Figure P5.58

5.59 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.59 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

2 VA
4 k
+–
+V – +
A

12 V + 2 k 4 k Vo
–
–

Figure P5.59

5.60 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.60.

6V
Ix
–+
2 k +

1 k 2 Ix 1 k Vo

Figure P5.60
irwin05-189-244hr4.qxd 3-09-2010 15:56 Page 235

5.61 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.61.

Io
8 k⍀ 2 k⍀ 12 k⍀
+
+ 12 V Vx 4 k⍀ 4 k⍀ + 2V
– – x
–

Figure P5.61

5.62 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.62.

12 V
–+
1 k⍀ +

2 Ix 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ Vo
Ix –

Figure P5.62

5.63 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.63 using Thévenin’s

theorem.
1 k⍀

+ Vx – 1 k⍀
+

12 V + 2 k⍀ – 2 Vx
–
Io

Figure P5.63

5.64 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.64 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1000 Ix
6 k⍀ 1 k⍀
–+
+
–
3V
+ 2 k⍀ 1 mA 2 k⍀ Vo
Ix –

Figure P5.64
irwin05-189-244hr4.qxd 3-09-2010 15:56 Page 235

5.65 Use Norton’s theorem to find Vo in the network in

Fig. P5.65.

2000 Ix
6 k⍀ 4 k⍀
–+
+
–
6V + 2 k⍀ 3 mA 4 k⍀ Vo
Ix –

Figure P5.65

5.66 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.66 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

+ Vo –

4 k⍀ 2 k⍀ 4 k⍀
+
+ Vx +
6V
– Vx 2 k⍀ ––––– – 12 V
– 1000

Figure P5.66

5.67 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.67 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

+ 12 V 2 mA
–
Ix
1 k⍀ Vo
1 k⍀

1 k⍀ 2 Ix

Figure P5.67

5.68 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.68.
4 mA
+

–
1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ +
6V +
+

2 Vx – 1 k⍀ Vx Vo
–
–

Figure P5.68
irwin05-189-244hr3.qxd 2-08-2010 16:41 Page 236

5.69 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.69.
4 mA

12 V
1 k⍀ + 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀
–
+
+
+

– 2 Vx 1 k⍀ 2 mA Vx 1 k⍀ Vo
–
–

Figure P5.69

5.70 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the network in

Fig. P5.70.
2 Vx
+
–
12 V
1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀
+

–
+
+
4 mA 2 mA Vx 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ Vo
–

Figure P5.70

5.71 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.71 using Norton’s

theorem.

Vx 1 k⍀
––––
4000
2 k⍀
3 k⍀ Vo
+
1 mA Vx 3 k⍀
–
–

Figure P5.71

5.72 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.72 using Thévenin’s

theorem.
Io
2 k⍀

1 k⍀ 2 Vx +
– 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀

+
4V + Vx 1 k⍀ + 2V
– –
–

Figure P5.72
irwin05-189-244hr3.qxd 2-08-2010 16:41 Page 236

5.73 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P5.73 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

2 Ix 1 k⍀ 2 mA

Ix
1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ +
–
1 k⍀ 12 V + 1 k⍀ Vo

Figure P5.73

5.74 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.74 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

+
2 k⍀ 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ Vx
–

2 k⍀ +
2 mA
+ –
– +
12 V 2 Vx 1 k⍀ Vo

Figure P5.74

5.75 Find Vo in the network of Fig. P5.75 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

1 k⍀ 1 k⍀

– Vx + +

2 k⍀ 1 mA 1 k⍀ Vo

1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ –

2 Vx
––––– 2 k⍀ 4 mA
1000

Figure P5.75
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 237

5.76 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find I2 in the circuit in

Fig. P5.76.

3

IA
–

VA 12  + 2VA 5A
–
+ 9

6
+ 7
12 V – 4IA

I2

Figure P5.76

5.77 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the circuit in

Fig. P5.77.

2 4

IA

1 + 2VA 2A
–
8 5

– VA + +

+ 3IA 2 Vo
9V –
–

Figure P5.77

5.78 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.78.

1 k

+
Vx 1 k 1 k
–

+ 6V –+ 2 k
–
2 Vx
1 k + 2V Io
–

Figure P5.78
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 237

5.79 Use Thévenin’s theorem to find Vo in the network

in Fig. P5.79.

2 Ix 1 k 1 k 1 k
2 mA

1 k +

4V + 1 k + 6V 1 k Vo
– –
Ix –

Figure P5.79

5.80 Find the Thévenin equivalent of the network in

Fig. P5.80 at the terminals A-B.

1 k 2 k
A
+
Vx
Vx 1 k 1 k
1000
–
B
Figure P5.80

5.81 Find the Thévenin equivalent of the network in

Fig. P5.81 at the terminals A-B.

1000 Ix
1 k
+– A

1 k 2 k 2 k

Ix
B
Figure p5.81

5.82 Find the Thévenin equivalent circuit of the network in

Fig. P5.82 at the terminals A–B.
3 5

–
IA

VA 12 
+ 2 VA
–
+ 9

6
7
4 IA

A B
Figure P5.82
irwin05-189-244hr4.qxd 3-09-2010 15:58 Page 238

5.83 Find the Thévenin equivalent of the network below at the

terminals A-B in Fig. P5.83.

1 k⍀ A

2 Ix 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀ 1 k⍀

Ix B

Figure P5.83

5.84 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.84 using Thévenin’s

theorem.

4Ix 1 k⍀ + 2Vx
–
+ Vx – Ix

1 k⍀ 1 k⍀
+ 1 k⍀
6V – 2 mA

Io

Figure P5.84

5.85 Use source transformation to find Vo in the network

in Fig. P5.85.

–+
12 k⍀
6V + –
2 mA 6 k⍀ 4 k⍀ Vo + 24 V
-

Figure P5.85

5.86 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.86 using source

transformation.

3 k⍀

Io
6 k⍀ 9 k⍀
4 mA
+ 6V 12 k⍀ 4 k⍀ 3 k⍀
–

Figure P5.86
irwin05-189-244hr4.qxd 3-09-2010 15:58 Page 238

5.87 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.87 using source

transformation.

6 k⍀ 2 k⍀ +

3 k⍀

6V + 4 k⍀ Vo
–
–
+ 12 V

Figure P5.87

5.88 Use source transformation to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.88.

–+
4 k⍀ 6 k⍀
6V

2 k⍀ 2 mA 2 k⍀ + 3V
–
Io

Figure P5.88

5.89 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.89 using source

transformation.

+ Vo –

3 k⍀ 3 k⍀ 4 k⍀
–
3 k⍀ 2 mA 12 k⍀ 12 k⍀ + 6V

Figure P5.89

5.90 Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.90 using source

transformation.
4 mA

3 k⍀ 4 k⍀ Io
4 mA 3 k⍀ 12 k⍀ 2 mA + 12 V
–

Figure P5.90
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 239

5.91 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.91 using source

transformation.

–+
6 k 3 k 3 k
12 V
4 k

6 k 2 mA 3 k 3 k

–
+ 6V Io

Figure P5.91

5.92 Use source exchange to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.92.
6V

–+

20 mA 6 k

3 k

4 k

12 k

6 k

Io 3 k
+–
8V
Figure P5.92

5.93 Use a combination of Y–Δ transformation source trans-

formation to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.93.
6V
6 k 6 k
–+
Io
6 k 4 k 3 k

4 k

6 k 4 k 2 mA

+–
6 k 4 k
6V
Figure P5.93
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 239

5.94 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.94 using source

exchange.

6 k
+
+
12 V – 6 k 2 k V0 2 k 4 mA

–
2 k
–
2 k 2 mA + 12 V 2 k

1 k

Figure P5.94

5.95 Use source exchange to find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.95.

8V
2 k
+–
12 k 12 k
1 k 2 mA 1 k 2 k

Io
2 k
6V + + 24 V 2 k
– –

6 k
Figure P5.95

5.96 Use source exchange to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.96.

2 k 3 k I0 2 k

+ –
4V – 8 k 2 mA + 12 V

2 k
12 k
4 k 8 k 6 k 12 k

4 k 8 k

Figure P5.96
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 240

5.97 Use source exchange to find Io in the network in

Fig. P5.97.

4 k 3 k

3 k 4 mA 4 k
6 k
2 k

I0 2 k
–
12 V + 2 k 6 k + 6V
–
2 k
3 k 3 k
2 mA 4 k 6 k 2 k

Figure P5.97

5.98 Use source transformation to find Io in the network

in Fig. P5.98.

6 k 3 k

12 V – 6 k 6 k
+
12 k
Io

2 mA

3 k

Figure P5.98

5.99 Using source transformation, find Vo in the circuit

in Fig. P5.99.

6 k 8 k +

12 V + 3 k 4 k Vo
–
2 k –

2 mA

Figure P5.99
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 240

5.100 Using source transformation, find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.100.

8 k

2 k 2 mA

1 mA
3 k

6 k

Io

Figure P5.100

5.101 Use source transformation to find Io in the circuit

in Fig. P5.101.

4 k

6 k

6 k
4 mA 2 mA
12 V
–
+ 3 k 2 k

Io

Figure P5.101

5.102 Using source transformation, find Io in the

network in Fig. P5.102.

2 mA

4 mA 4 k

2 k
4 k

6 mA 12 k

Io

Figure P5.102
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 241

5.103 Use source transformation to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.103.

2 k + 6V 6 k
–

+– 2 mA
3 k
12 V
12 V + 4 k
–
Io

Figure P5.103

5.104 Use source transformation to find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.104.

–+
4 k
18 V
6 k 6 k 4 k

6 k

2 mA 1 mA 3 k

Io

Figure P5.104

5.105 Using source transformation, find Io in the circuit in

Fig. P5.105.

24 V + 6 k 2 k
–
2 mA

2 mA
3 k 4 k

Io

Figure P5.105

5.106 Find RL in the network in Fig. P5.106 in order to

achieve maximum power transfer.

2 k 2 k

+ 12 V 2 k 2 k RL
–

Figure P5.106
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 241

5.107 In the network in Fig. P5.107 find RL for maximum

power transfer and the maximum power transferred to
this load.

1 k 2 k

2 k 4 mA 4 k RL

Figure P5.107

5.108 Find RL for maximum power transfer and the

maximum power that can be transferred to the load in
Fig. P5.108.
2 mA

3 k 2 k

+ 6V 6 k RL
–

Figure P5.108

5.109 Calculate the maximum power that can be transferred

to RL in Fig. P5.109.

6 k RL 10 k
2 k
10 k
6V +
– +
– 9V
3 mA

Figure P5.109

5.110 Find the value of RL in Fig. P5.110 for maximum power

transfer and the maximum power that can be dissipated
in RL.
2 k 4 k

+ 8V RL
–

2 k 4 k

+ 12 V 6 k + 6V
– –

Figure P5.110
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 15:16 Page 242

5.111 Determine the value of RL in Fig. P5.111 for maximum

power transfer. In addition, calculate the power dissipat-
ed in RL under these conditions.

RL

15 ⍀ 20 ⍀

4A 10 ⍀ 30 V + + 20 V 20 ⍀
– –

Figure P5.111

5.112 Determine the value of RL in the network in Fig.

P5.112 for maximum power transfer.

5 k⍀ 5 k⍀

I
+ 12 V 100I RL
–

Figure P5.112

5.113 Find RL for maximum power transfer and the

maximum power that can be transferred to the load
in Fig. P5.113.

2 k⍀ 3 k⍀
+
4 Vx
1 mA Vx 1 k⍀ ––––– RL
1000
–

Figure P5.113

5.114 Find the value of RL in the network in Fig. P5.114 for

maximum power transfer.

+ Vx –

2⍀ 4⍀

4 Vx
+ 2A RL
–
4⍀

Figure P5.114
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 15:16 Page 242

5.115 Find the value of RL in Fig. P5.115 for maximum power

transfer and the maximum power that can be transferred
to RL.
2VA
8⍀ 4⍀

+
–
– VA +

12 V + 2A RL
–

Figure P5.115

5.116 Find the value of Rl in Fig. P5.116 for maximum power

transfer and the maximum power that can be dissipated
in RL.
5⍀ 5⍀

Ix
10 ⍀

2Ix + + 12 V
– –

RL

Figure P5.116
5.117 Find the value of RL in Fig. P5.117 for maximum power
transfer. In addition, calculate the power dissipated in
RL under these conditions.
4 k⍀ 4 k⍀

RL

12 V +
–
6 k⍀ 2 mA 2Ix

Ix

Figure P5.117
5.118 Find the value of RL in Fig. P5.118 for maximum
power transfer. In addition, calculate the power dissi-
pated in RL under these conditions.
6 k⍀ 3 k⍀

+
RL

12 V + 3 mA Vx 2 k⍀
–
+ 0.5V
– x
–

Figure P5.118
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 243

5.119 Calculate the maximum power that can be transferred

to RL in the circuit in Fig. P5.119.

4 Vx
4
–+

4 + 4

Vx 4

100 V + – RL
–
+ 20 V
–

Figure P5.119

5.120 Find RL for maximum power transfer and the

maximum power that can be transferred in the network
in Fig. P5.120.

2 k

4 k RL
1 mA +
Vx
2 k 2 k Vx
2000
–

Figure P5.120

5.121 Find the value of RL in Fig. P5.121 for maximum power

transfer and the maximum power that can be dissipated
in RL.

2 4
IA

1 ± 2 VA 2A
–
8 RL

– VA ±
+
9V – 3 IA 2

Figure P5.121
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 243

5.122 Solve the remaining problems using computational

methods. Find Io in the network in Fig. P5.122.

6 k 6 k

+
12 V – 6 k 6 mA 6 k

Io

Figure P5.122

5.123 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.123.

–+
12 k
6V +
–
2 mA 6 k 4 k Vo + 24 V
–

Figure P5.123

5.124 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P5.124.

–+
4 k
18 V

6 k 6 k 4 k

6 k

2 mA 1 mA 3 k

Io

Figure P5.124

5.125 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P5.125.

+
2 k 1 k 1 k Vx
–

2 k +
2 mA
– 2 Vx +
12 V
+ – 1 k Vo
Io –

Figure P5.125
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 244

5PFE-1 Determine the maximum power that can be delivered

to the load RL in the network in Fig. 5PFE-1.
a. 2 mW
b. 10 mW
c. 4 mW
d. 8 mW

1 k 1 k 1 k

12 V ± 4 mA 2 k RL
–

Figure 5PFE-1

5PFE-2 Find the value of the load RL in the network in

Fig. 5PFE-2 that will achieve maximum power transfer,
and determine that value of the maximum power.
a. 22.5 mW
b. 80.4 mW
c. 64.3 mW
d. 121.5 mW

+ Vx -

2 k 1 k

12 V ± RL ± 2Vx
– –

Figure 5PFE-2

5PFE-3 Find the value of RL in the network in Fig. 5PFE-3

for maximum power transfer to this load.
a. 12.92 Ω
b. 8.22 Ω
c. 6.78 Ω
d. 10.53 Ω

Ix
3 12 

12 V ± 12  2Ix RL
–

Figure 5PFE-3
irwin05-189-244hr2.qxd 22-07-2010 9:47 Page 244

5PFE-4 What is the current I in Fig. 5PFE-4?

a. 8A
b. −4 A
c. 0A
d. 4 A

2
I

3 10 A 4 20 V ± 2
–

Figure 5PFE-4

5PFE-5 What is the open-circuit voltage Voc at terminals a and

b of the circuit in Fig. 5PFE-5?
a. 8V
b. 12 V
c. 4V
d. 10 V

4 3 +

12 V – 2 12 A Voc RL
±

-
b

Figure 5PFE-5