Mindanao State University
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Marawi City
TOPIC: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
NAME: Group 1 (Ashyma P. Macodi, Fatmah C. Abbas, Amal M. Abdullah, Raihana B. Abedin)
SUBJECT/SECTION: CPE100 - Gg
INSTRUCTOR: Ms. Alia Pacasirang, LPT
SIGMUND FREUD – is the most popular psychologist that studied the development of
personality, also probably the most controversial.
He is an Austrian Neurologist and the founder of Psychoanalytic Theory.
He was born on May 6, 1856 and died on September 23, 1939.
According to Freud, children go through a series of psychosexual stages that lead to the
development of the adult personality. His theory described how personality developed
over the course of childhood.
Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
According to Freud, every “healthy” child evolves through five different stages:
oral phallic genital
anal latent
Each stage is associated with a specific part of the body, or more
specifically, erogenous zone. Each zone is a source of pleasure and conflict during its
respective stage. If needs are not met along the area, a fixation occurs.
Erogenous zone – a specific area that becomes the focus of the pleasure
needs.
Fixation – persistent focus on an earlier psychosexual stage due to unresolved
conflict in the stage.
Overindulgence – needs were too well satisfied, causing individual to be
reluctant to leave a particular stage.
Freud believed there were two reasons people got stuck:
1. Their developmental needs weren’t adequately met during the stage, which
caused frustration.
2. Their developmental needs were so well met that they didn’t want to leave the
state of indulgence.
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ORAL STAGE (0 - 18 months)
The erogenous zone is the mouth.
The children focus on oral pleasure (sucking).
Primary Conflict: weaning
Type of personality fixation
1. Oral receptive - having a stronger tendency to smoke, drink, alcohol,
overeat.
2. Oral aggressive – with the tendency to bite his or her nails, use curse words or
even gossip.
ANAL STAGE (18 months – 3 years old)
The erogenous zone is the anus and bladder.
The child find satisfaction in eliminating and retaining feces.
Primary Conflict: toilet training
Type of personality fixation
1. Anal retentive - an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control.
2. Anal expulsive - the person may become messy and disorganized.
PHALLIC STAGE (3-6 years old)
The erogenous zone is the genitals.
Children become interested in what makes boys and girls different.
- Freud proposed that for young boys, this meant obsession with their own penis.
- For young girls, this meant fixation on the fact that they don’t have a penis, an
experience he called “penis envy.”
Oedipus Complex
- Boys develop unconscious sexual desire for their mother.
Boys may fear their father will punish them for these feeling, thus, the
castration anxiety
- It’s based on the Greek myth where a young man named Oedipus kills his
father and then marries his mother. When he discovers what he’s done, he pokes
his eyes out.
Electra Complex
- Girls develop unconscious attraction toward their father.
- coined by other psychologists, Carl Jung in 1913 to describe a similar sensation
in girls.
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LATENCY STAGE (6-12 years old)
There is no erogenous zone and no fixation
Children focus on the acquisition of physical and academic skills.
GENITAL STAGE (12 and up, or puberty onward)
The erogenous zone is the genitals.
Adolescent’s focus their sexual urges toward the opposite sex peers.
According to Freud, this is when an individual begins to have strong sexual interest
in the opposite sex.
FREUD’S PERSONALITY COMPONENTS
The Three Components
Id Superego
Ego
ID
- According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the
primary component of personality.
- The id plays a vital role in one’s personality.
- The id operates on the pleasure principle.
- The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth.
- This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes instinctive and
primitive behaviors.
EGO
- According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses
of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.
- The ego functions in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind.
- Slowly begins to emerge when toddlers turn to preschooler.
- The ego operates using reality principle.
- The deciding agent of the personality.
SUPEREGO
- According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at around age five.
- The superego holds the internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire
from our parents and society (our sense of right and wrong).
- The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.
- Near the end of the preschool, or the end of the phallic stage.
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- The superego embodies a person’s moral aspect.
The Three Components and Personality Adjustment
Well-adjusted person is one who has strong ego, who can help satisfy the needs
of the id without going against the superego while maintaining the person’s sense
of what is logical, practical, and real.
The ability of a learner to be well-adjusted is largely influenced by how the
learner was brought up.
The personality of an individual is formed early during the childhood years.
Topographical Model
The Unconscious
- Freud believed that most of what influence us is our unconscious.
- The unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories
that are outside of our conscious awareness.
The Conscious
- Freud also said that we are aware of what is stored in our conscious mind.
- Our conscious mind only compromises a very small part of who we are.
- The conscious mind contains all the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of
which we are aware at any given moment.
The Subconscious
- This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but it is not in our active
conscious.
Nonconscious
- That has not been made part of our personalities.
- Nonconscious processes are not thought about consciously.
DEFENSE MECHANISM
- Sigmund Freud (1894, 1896) noted a number of ego defenses which he refers to
throughout his written works. His daughter Anna Freud (1936) developed these
ideas and elaborated on them, adding ten of her own.
- In order to deal with anxiety, Freud believed that defense mechanisms helped
shield the ego from the conflicts created by the id, superego, and reality.
- A defense mechanism is a tactic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety.
Defense mechanisms are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts
that are too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with.
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Here are a few common defense mechanisms:
1. Denial – is a defense mechanism involves a refusal to accept reality, thus
blocking external events from awareness.
2. Repression – is an unconscious defense mechanism employed by the ego to
keep disturbing or threatening thoughts from becoming conscious.
3. Displacement – is the redirection of an impulse (usually aggression) onto a
powerless substitute target. The target can be a person or an object that can
serve as a symbolic substitute.
4. Projection – An individual attributes unwanted thoughts, feelings, and motives
onto another person.
5. Reaction Formation – Is a psychological defense mechanism in which a person
goes beyond denial and behaves in the opposite way to which he/she thinks or
feels.
6. Regression – The ego reverts to an earlier stage of development usually in
response to stressful situation.
7. Rationalization – Involves a cognitive distortion of “the facts” to make an event
or an impulse less threatening. We do it often enough on a fairly conscious level
when we provide ourselves with excuses.
8. Sublimation – Converting the unpleasant emotion/experience into a more
socially acceptable form.
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References:
https://www.healthline.com/health/psychosexual-stages#oral-stage
https://www.verywellmind.com/freuds-stages-of-psychosexual-development-2795962
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-id-ego-and-superego-2795951
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-conscious-and-unconscious-mind-2795946
https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Nonconscious
https://www.simplypsychology.org/defense-mechanisms.html
