11/14/21, 11:00 AM Networking And Scripting : DHCP Interview Questions

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SATURDAY, 8 OCTOBER 2016

DHCP Interview Questions

For Quick Overview You can refer to the below video.

For Detailed explanation refer to the DHCP Section in the BLOG.

OR

Go through the below link:

http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/dhcp-dynamic-host-configuration-protocol-how-dhcp-works.php

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DHCP and the DORA Process 4 3 3 8 4

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Q1. In a DHCP environment, which of the components (Client or Server) initiates the request

CCNP Route-300-101: No
Ans.The client would always initiate the DHCP request. The request is triggered from the client , when the TCP/IP adapter is
configured for the option “Obtain IP address automatically”. When this is selected, the operating system would automatically generate CISSP:Notes
the DHCP Discover to identify valid DHCP Servers on the network.
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DHCP Interview Question
Q2. How many DHCP packets are exchanged between a client and a server before the client receives an IP address?
DHCP OPTION 82
Ans. 4 DHCP packets are exchanged between the client and the server. They are DHCP Discover, DHCP Offer, DHCP Request,
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DHCP Ack.

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Q3. What type of packet is a DHCP Discover packet
EAP: Extensible Authenti
Ans. DHCP Discover is a layer 3 broadcast packet with destination IP address as 255.255.255.255
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Q4. What is an IP Helper address feature and why is it required in a DHCP environment?

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Ans. DHCP Discover packets are broadcast packets. This means that a DHCP Discover packet which is sent from the client would
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not reach the DHCP Server , if the server resides on a different network. This is because , routers are required for communication
between different networks and routers do not forward broadcast packets. The IP Helper address feature is configured on the router. Frequent used command
The feature informs the router the DHCP Servers IP address for the network. So, When the router receives the DHCP Discover Gratuitous ARP "Explana
packet, it would convert it from broadcast to unicast packet and then send it to the DHCP Server.
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Q5. What is a DHCP Scope and why is it required?

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Ans: A scope includes information like IP address ranges, Subnet Masks, gateway address, DNS Server etc. This required so that
clients would require the necessary information from the server.
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Hubs vs. Switches vs. Ro
Q6. What would happen if there are multiple DHCP servers on a network?
ICMP
Ans. The clients would trigger DHCP Discover packets and the server which responds first would provide the IP address to the client
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11/14/21, 11:00 AM Networking And Scripting : DHCP Interview Questions
Q7. How does a client know that a lease has expired and how is it renewed?
IP Fragmentation "Explan
Ans. When a client receives an IP address from the DHCP Server, the lease expiry date and time is provided as part of DHCP IP Fragmentation Q&A
options. This is maintained and recorded by the client. Just before the lease expiry time, the client would initiate a renew request to
IPv4 & IPv6 “Link-Local A
the server for a new lease

IPv4 & IPv6 “Loopback A

Q8. How many DHCP Servers can reside on one subnet?
IPv6 [Internet Protocol Ve
Ans. It’s unlimited. But if there is a DHCP client, which server would lease out the IP address ? It’s a simple logic. The first server Interview Q/A Routing &S
which responds to the DHCP clients IP address request would lease out the IP address.
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Q9. Explain the communication flow between a DHCP client and server on a network with two DHCP Servers ??

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Ans. The first packet the DHCP Client initiates would be the DHCP Discover packet. The DHCP Discover packet is broadcast in
nature and would be received by both the DHCP servers. The DHCP servers would respond with DHCP offer packet containing the IP Network Address Transla
addresses which they offer. Based on the first DHCP offer the client receives, the client would respond with DHCP request packet Networking Interview Q&A
which contains the IP address which it would be using along with the DHCP servers IP address which had provide the respective. PROXY ARP
This packet is send as broadcast. The packet, when received by the other DHCP server would understand that the IP address which
Packet Flow through Cisc
it had leased to the client (In the DHCP offer packet) is not taken. So the DHCP server would put the IP address back to it’s pool.

Packet Formats to Reme

NOTE:
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Protocol Stack Layers
=====

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1.  DHCP was created by the Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group of the Internet  Engineering Task Force
Python 2.7 Vs 3.4
2. October 1993: RFC 1531 initially defined DHCP as a standard-track protocol succeeding the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP), Python Basic Programs-1
which is a network protocol used by a network client to obtain an IP address from a configuration server 
Python Basic Programs-2
3. October 1997: RFC 2131 released is the current DHCP definition for Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) networks
Python Basic Programs-3
4. The extensions of DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6) were published as RFC 3315 
Python Basics -1
Python Basics:Cheat She
How DHCP Works? Python Dictionaries & Dic
Below are the steps : Python Functions
Python IN Nutshell
Step 1: When
the client computer (or device) boots up or is connected to a network, a
DHCPDISCOVER message is sent Python Important Notes
from the client to the server. As there is no
network configuration information on the client so the message is sent with
Python Interview Questio
0.0.0.0
as source address and 255.255.255.255 as destination address. If the DHCP
server is on local subnet then it
directly receives the message or in case it
is on different subnet then a relay agent connected on client’s  subnet is
used to Python Interview Questio
pass on the request to DHCP server. The transport protocol used for
this message is UDP and the port number used is 67. Python Interview Questio
The client enters the
initializing stage during this step.
Python Lists & Lists Prog
Python OOPS Basic Exam
  Step 2: When
the DHCP server receives the DHCPDISCOVER request message then it replies with a
DHCPOFFER
message. As already explained, this message contains all the network
configuration settings required by the client. For Python OOPS Basic Tips
example, the yaddr field of
the message will contain the IP address to be assigned to client. Similarly the
the subnet Python Quick Reference
mask and gateway information is filled in the options field. Also,
the server fills in the client MAC address in the chaddr Python Script:Generate R
field. This message is
sent as a broadcast (255.255.255.255) message for the client to receive it
directly or if DHCP
server is in different subnet then this message is sent to
the relay agent that takes care of whether the message is to be Python Sets & Sets Progr
passed as
unicast or broadcast. In this case also, UDP protocol is used at the transport
layer with destination port as 68. Python String & String Pr
The client enters selecting stage during
this step Python Tuple & Tuple Pro
  Step 3: The
client forms a DHCPREQUEST message in reply to DHCPOFFER message and sends it
to the server
Python: (_ & __) in variab
indicating it wants to accept the network configuration sent in
the DHCPOFFER message. If there were multiple DHCP
servers that received
DHCPDISCOVER then client could receive multiple DHCPOFFER messages. But, the
client Python: Difference betwe
replies to only one of the messages by populating the server
identification field with the IP address of a particular DHCP Python: Interview Questio
server. All the
messages from other DHCP servers are implicitly declined. The DHCPREQUEST
message will still
Python: Removing Duplic
contain the source address as 0.0.0.0 as the client is still
not allowed to use the IP address passed to it through
DHCPOFFER message. The
client enters requesting stage during this step. Python: Script to open a U
  Step 4: Once
the server receives DHCPREQUEST from the client, it sends the DHCPACK message
indicating that now Python: Subinterfaces on
the client is allowed to use the IP address assigned to it.
The client enters the bound state during this step.
Python: if __name__ == '_
Python:Assertion
The Concept of Lease: Python:Basic Notes

With
all the necessary information on how DHCP works, one should also know that the
IP  address assigned by DHCP Python:Basic Script Expla
server to DHCP client is on a lease. After
the lease expires the DHCP server is free to assign the same IP address to any Python:Decorators
other host or device requesting for the same. For example, keeping lease time
8-10 hours is helpful in case of PC’s that are
Python:Fibonacci Sequen
shut down at the end of the
day.  So, lease has to be renewed from time to time. The DHCP client tries
to renew the lease
after half of the lease time has expired. This is done by
the exchange of DHCPREQUEST and DHCPACK messages. While Python:IMP Programs to
doing all this, the
client enters the renewing stage. Python:Lambda Expressi
Python:Module & Packag
 What is an IP Helper address feature and why is
it required in a DHCP environment Python:Reverse a String
RADIUS [Remote Authen
DHCP Discover packets are broadcast packets. This
means that a DHCP Discover packet which is sent from the client would not
RIB Vs FIB
reach
the DHCP Server , if the server resides on a different network. This is because,
routers are required for communication
between different networks and routers
do not forward broadcast packets. The IP Helper address feature is configured
on the router. Rapid Spanning Tree Pro
The feature informs the router the DHCP Servers IP address for
the network. So, when the router receives the DHCP Discover Routing Basics
packet, it would
convert it from broadcast to unicast packet and then send it to the DHCP
Server. STP NOTES
STP Vs RSTP
STP-BPDU GAURD AND

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11/14/21, 11:00 AM Networking And Scripting : DHCP Interview Questions

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Manish Bidsar
at
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