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Askep Luka

The document provides guidelines for nursing care of patients with wounds. It discusses monitoring wounds daily through observation and inspection of dressings. It also covers holistic wound assessment including location, stage, base, tissue type, dimensions, exudate, odor, edges, surrounding skin, signs of infection, and pain. Factors that impede healing like comorbidities and medications are also addressed. Documentation of wound assessments is emphasized to facilitate communication between nurses and ensure good, professional care that meets legal standards.

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Metha Susanti
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
144 views32 pages

Askep Luka

The document provides guidelines for nursing care of patients with wounds. It discusses monitoring wounds daily through observation and inspection of dressings. It also covers holistic wound assessment including location, stage, base, tissue type, dimensions, exudate, odor, edges, surrounding skin, signs of infection, and pain. Factors that impede healing like comorbidities and medications are also addressed. Documentation of wound assessments is emphasized to facilitate communication between nurses and ensure good, professional care that meets legal standards.

Uploaded by

Metha Susanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN

PASIEN DENGAN LUKA

Faraniara, M.Kep., Ns. Sp. Kep.M.B


MONITORING – OBSERVATION – INSPECTION

Daily monitoring
of a patient skin,
observation the dressing,
especially if dressing
stay in place for several
days

Documentation : Dressing
dry and intact, surrounding
skin within normal limits
ASSESSMENT
• Holistic assessment  Wound assessment
• Location
• Wound Etiology
• Stage
• Duration of the wound
• Wound base
/ Wound age
• Type of tissue
• Factor that impede • Dimension
healing • Exudates
• Odor
• Wound edge
• Periwound skin
• sign of infection
• wound pain
1. ETIOLOGY

 Will drive
intervention choise
and strategies
 Venous ulcer = tx/
compression
bandage

 Pressure Injury =
tx/ relief pressure
TYPES OF SKIN DAMAGE : ETIOLOGY

• Mechanical: pressure, shear, friction, stripping


• Chemical: incontinence, drainage, harsh solutions,
improper use of products
• Vascular: arterial, venous, diabetic
• Infectious: Candidiasis, impetigo, herpes Allergic
• Miscellaneous: radiation, thermal
2. DURATION /
WOUND AGE

The age of the


wound is
Guidelines for
chronic wound has
not improve, 2 –4
weeks recommend
biopsy
3. FACTOR THAT IMPEDE HEALING

• Comorbid condition
• malignancies, diabetics, etc
• Medications
• chemotherapy, corticosteroid
Decrease oxygenation

and tissue perfusion
• Alteration in nutrition
and hydration
• Psychosocial barriers
• Family factors, financial, etc
WOUND ASSESMENT
1. Location ( LETAK LUKA )
2. Stage ( 1- 4 )
3. Wound base ( DASAR LUKA : RYB )
4. Type of tissue ( EPITELISASI – GRANULASI –
SLOUGH )
5. Dimension ( PENGUKURAN LUKA )
6. Exudates ( CAIRAN LUKA )
7. Odor ( BAU TIDAK SEDAP )
8. Wound edge ( TEPI LUKA )
9. Per wound skin ( KULIT SEKITAR LUKA )
10. sign of infection ( TANDA INFEKSI )
11. wound pain ( NYERI )
WOUND LOCATION
Menentukan
LETAK LUKA
atau LOKASI LUKA
pada GAMBAR
STADIUM LUKA I - IV
STADIUM LUKA : I - IV

Stage III
WARNA
DASAR LUKA
 Red – Yellow –
Black / RYB
 Kemudahan sistem yang
diperkenalkan adalah
bersifat konsisten dan
mudah dimengerti serta
tepat guna dalam
pemilihan balutan

Courtesy by Anton Yun,CWCC


PENGUKURAN LUKA

 Panjang X lebar X
kedalaman

 Ada tidaknya
undermining / goa,
yang diukur sesuai
dengan arah jarum
jam.

Head
DIGAMBAR
DI FOTO DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TANGGAL
(NAMA / MR / USIA / TANGGAL / PERAWATAN KE)

TN A / 01.121017 / 55TH / 15-10-17 / I


DOKUMENTASI
FOTO
UNDERMINING
UNDERMINING
CARA PENDOKUMENTASIAN UNDERMINING
KULIT SEKITAR LUKA
/ PERIWOUND SKIN

• Gatal
• Maserasi
• Odema
• hiperpigmentasi
TEPI LUKA / WOUND EDGE
• Umumnya tepi luka
akan dipenuhi oleh
jaringan epitel,
berwarna merah muda

• Kegagalan penutupan
terjadi jika tepi luka :
• Edema
• Nekrosis / callus
• Infeksi
CAIRAN LUKA - WHAT IS IT?

Blood Inflammation

Chronic wound fluid Product of infection


BAU TIDAK SEDAP / ODOR
 Bau dapat disebabkan
oleh adanya kumpulan
bakteri yang
menghasilkan protein

 Apocrine sweat glands

 atau Beberapa cairan luka


dapat menimbulkan bau
TANDA INFEKSI ?
 Proses inflamasi /
peradangan yang
memanjang :
kemerahan, odema,
nyeri, panas

 Eksudatif,
purulen
 Berbau tidak sedap
 Hasil kultur infeksi
WOUND PAIN
 An unpleasant
sensory and
emotional experience
with tissue damage

 Hypnonursing
management : pain relief
CARA PENGAMBILAN KULTUR

• Siapkan alat pengambilan kultur dan balutan


• Cuci tangan
• Buka balutan luka lama
• Cuci luka dengan larutan normal saline JANGAN antiseptik
• Keringkan dengan kasa steril
• Tunggu sampai eksudat keluar
• Lakukan pengambilan sampel kultur dengan
mengusap zig zag sebanyak 10 kali usapan yang
mewakili seluruh area luka
• Sampel dikirim ke lab, jika tertunda pengiriman harus
disimpan dalam almari es / suhu dingin
CARA PENGAMBILAN KULTUR
PENULISAN DOKUMENTASI ASKEP

• ASSESMENT • TUJUAN – KRITERIA


HASIL
• DIAGNOSA
KEPERAWATAN : • RENCANA
• DISTURBED BODY KEPERAWATAN (TIME)
IMAGE
• IMPLEMENTASI
• DEFICIENT KEPERAWATAN
KNOWLEDGE RELATED
TO WOUND CARE • EVALUASI
• IMPAIRED TISSUE
INTEGRITY
• RISK FOR IMPAIRED
SKIN INTEGRITY
• RISK FOR INFECTION
(CONTOH: DOKUMENTASI DIBUAT DALAM BENTUK FORM)
DOKUMENTASI
Pengkajian:
• Ps. Datang pukul 10.00. Secara
keseluruhan kondisi pasien relatif
kurang baik, gelisah, nyeri pada luka
saat disentuh. BP : 150/100 mmHg,
GDS 528, antibiotik sistemik dari
dokter masih dilanjutkan.
• Kami temukan : Luka DM, akral perifer
kiri dan kanan dingin, sianosis, pucat,
alopecia, tipis dan kering.
• Luka di KAKI, ½ luas plantar8X6 ,
exudat minimal purulent dan
malodour. Warna dasar luka 80%
MERAH 20 % KUNING , STAGE II Tanda
infeksi (+).
• SCORE NILAI = 37 - PREDIKSI HEAL = 8 MG
PERENCANAAN
PLAN = TIME
IMPLEMENTASI = 3M
Procedur:
• Mencuci dengan anticeptic solution
• Mengevakuasi eksudat dan bau
• Melakukan Debridemang dengan Autolysis debridemang

• Mengontrol infeksi dg pemberian antibiotik dan

nutrisi dg kolagen fish 10 gr/day


• Memberikan dressing moist dgn chitosan, calcium
alginate
• Menghindari maserasi pda tepi luka (perencanaan
ganti balutan @ 3 hari sekali)
• (JIKA ADA) penatalaksanaan sistemik dalam
pemberian antibiotik dengan pasca hasil kultur
terlampir.
KESIMPULAN
• Pengkajian secara holistik (Etiology, usia luka, dan
faktor yang menghambat penyembuhan luka)
sangat memfasilitasi perawat dalam melakukan
pengkajian luka.

• Pendokumentasian dilakukan untuk


memfasilitasi komunikasi antar perawat,
meningkatkan pelayanan yang baik dan
profesionalisme, serta memenuhi standar legal.

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