Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
BASIC CALCULUS
WEEK 4
DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION
MELC: The learner illustrate tangent line to the graph of a function at a given point.
(STEM_BC11D-IIIe-1)
The learner applies the definition of the derivative of a function at a given number.
(STEM_BC11D-IIIe-2)
The learner relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line.
(STEM_BC11D-IIIe-3)
Instructional Objectives: At the end of the lessons, the learner is able to: a illustrate tangent line
to the graph of a function at a given point. b) applies the definition of the derivative of a function at a given
number; c) relate the derivative of a function to the slope of the tangent line.
INTRODUCTION
Things to Remember:
To get the slope of the tangent line, simply evaluate the limit of the slope of the secant lines as h
approaches 0. This fact can be used to define the slope of the line tangent to a curve.
Slope of the Line Tangent to a Curve
The slope m of the line tangent to the curve y=f (x ) at the point P[ x , f (x)] is given by the
f ( x+ h )−f (x)
equation m=lim provided that the limit exists. This is commonly called the
h →0 h
limit of the difference quotient.
dy f ( x+ ∆ x )−f ( x)
The derivative of a function y=f (x ) is defined as follows: = lim
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆x
The process of finding the derivative of a function is called differentiation.
The Delta Method of Finding the Derivatives of functions cab be used to find the derivative of
Algebraic Polynomial
Delta Method
Step 1: In the given equation, replace x with x +∆ x and y with y +∆ y then simplify.
Step 2: Find ∆ y by subtracting the given equation from the equation obtained in Step 1. Simplify.
Step 3: Divide both sides of the equation obtained in Step 2 by ∆ x. Simplify.
Step 4: Find the limit as ∆ x →0.
Illustrative Examples:
A. Determine the slope of the tangent line to the curve f ( x )=x 2−2 at x =1.
Solution:
a. f ( x )=x 2−2 , so f ( x+ h )=( x +h )2 −2thus ,
Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
depedcavite.gmaths@gmail.com
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
f ( x+ h )−f (x) (x¿¿ 2−2)
m=lim =lim (x +h)2−2− ¿
h →0 h x →0 h
x 2+ 2 xh+ h2−2−x 2 +2
¿ lim
x→ 0 h
x + 2 xh+ h −2−x 2 +2
2 2
¿ lim
x→ 0 h
2 xh+h2
¿ lim
x→ 0 h
h(2 x +h)
¿ lim
x→ 0 h
¿ lim (2 x+ h)
x→ 0
¿( 2 x +0)
¿2 x
b. To get the slope of the tangent line at a specific point, simple use substitution.
Therefore, the slope at x = 1 is 4 ( 1 )=4 .
B. Using the Delta Method, Find the derivative of y=x 2−5 x +8
Solution:
Step 1: y +∆ y =( x +∆ x )2−5 ( x+ ∆ x ) +8
¿ x 2+ 2 x ∆ x+(∆ x )2−5 x−5 ∆ x+ 8
Step 2: y +∆ y =x 2+2 x ∆ x+(∆ x )2 −5 x −5 ∆ x+ 8
− y=x 2−5 x +8
∆ y =2 x ∆ x +(∆ x)2−5 ∆ x
2
∆ y 2 x ∆ x+(∆ x ) −5 ∆ x
Step 3: =
∆x ∆x
∆y
=2 x+ ∆ x−5
∆x
dy ∆y
Step 4: = lim = lim (2 x +∆ x−5)
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆ x ∆ x→ 0
dy
=2 x −5
dx
Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
depedcavite.gmaths@gmail.com
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
DEVELOPING
Exercises 4.1 Warm Up [20
points]
A. Consider the curve of the function f ( x )=2 x 2. SOLUTION REQUIRED
a. Determine the expression for the slope of the curve at any point x
b. Identify the slope at a point where x=2
B. MATCHING TYPE
Match the function in Column A with its slope of the curve at the given point in Column B.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
2
1. f ( x )=x +4 x ;(3,1) a. 22
2. f ( x )=2 x 2−2 x ;(2, 9) b. 6
3. f ( x )=4 x 2+ 6 x ;(5 ,1) c. 46
4. f ( x )=6 x 2−2 ;( 1,2) d. 18
5. f ( x )=3 x 2−5 ;(4,2) e. 20
6. f ( x )=x 2 +2 x ;( 2,4) f. 12
7. f ( x )=3 x 2−6 ; (3 ,2) g. 24
8. f ( x )=2 x 2−x +3 ;(1,2) h. 10
9. f ( x )=3 x 2−2 x+ 6 ;(4 , 1) i. 3
10. f ( x )=3 x 2 +8 x−2 ;(2,2) j. 4
ENGAGEMENT
Exercises 4.2 Independent Practice [10 points ]
A. Determine the derivative by using the Delta Method. SOLUTION REQUIRED
1. y=6 x −2
2. y=2 x 2−x +3
3. y=x 2 +2
4. y=x 2−3 x +2
5. y=x 2 +2 x−1
6. y=3 x 2−6
7. y=2 x +7
Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
depedcavite.gmaths@gmail.com
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
8. y=4 x +3
9. y=2 x 2−2 x+ 4
10. y=x 2−3 x +4
ASSIMILATION
Assessment 4.0 [5 points]
Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. It tells you the sensitivity of the y variable to changes in the x variable.
A. slope B. tangent line C. secant line D. none of these choices
2. As the slope of the secant line approaches the slope of the tangent line, a “limiting position” exists.
A. false B. true C. maybe D. partly true and false
3. Using Delta Method find the derivative of x 2+ 2 x
A. x−2 B. x +2 C. 2 D. 2 x+2
2
4. Find the slope of the curve at the given point. f ( x )=x +2 x ;( 2,4)
A. 14 B. 12 C. 6 D. 13
5. It is the measurement of how a function changes when the values of its input change.
A. Function B. limit C. derivative D. integral
Reflection
3-2-1
Three things I learned today.
1.
2.
3.
Two things I’d like to learn more about.
1.
2.
One question I have.
1.
Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
depedcavite.gmaths@gmail.com
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAVITE PROVINCE
GENERAL MARIANO ALVAREZ TECHNICAL HIGH SCHOOL
Congressional Road, Brgy. Poblacion I, General Mariano Alvarez, Cavite
(046) 443-9890, 487-3947, 487-1912
depedcavite.gmaths@gmail.com
“GMATHSIANS, LIFELONG CHAMPIONS”
