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Delta Function: ME710 Mathematical Methods For Engineers Mechanical Engineering NITK Surathkal

The document discusses the Delta Function in the context of differential equations and mechanical engineering. It explains how the Delta Function represents a point load or impulse at a specific point, highlighting its properties and relationship with integration and derivatives. Additionally, it presents the general solution for a differential equation involving the Delta Function and outlines its application in finite difference methods (FDM).

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Santosh Kumar Agasti
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39 views12 pages

Delta Function: ME710 Mathematical Methods For Engineers Mechanical Engineering NITK Surathkal

The document discusses the Delta Function in the context of differential equations and mechanical engineering. It explains how the Delta Function represents a point load or impulse at a specific point, highlighting its properties and relationship with integration and derivatives. Additionally, it presents the general solution for a differential equation involving the Delta Function and outlines its application in finite difference methods (FDM).

Uploaded by

Santosh Kumar Agasti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Delta Function

ME710 Mathematical Methods For Engineers


Mechanical Engineering
NITK Surathkal
Adapted from
Introduction
• Differential equation – = . The solution is u(x)
• Matrix form as Ku=f. The solution is vectors of u
• This comparison is quite remarkable when special vectors f and functions f(x)
are the forcing terms on the right side.
– With a uniform load f(x) = constant , both solutions are parabolas
• Now comes the opposite choice with f = point load:
Delta Function
• It is zero except at one point.
• The function δ(x - a) represents a
– "spike" or
– a "point load" or
– an "impulse“ concentrated at the single point x = a.
Delta Function
• You must recognize that δ(x) and δ(x - a) are not true functions!
• They are zero except at one point x = 0 or x = a where the function
is "infinite" -too vague.
• The spike is "infinitely tall and infinitesimally thin."
• Area under the spike is
• If it is multiplied by a function, then we have
Delta Function

• Integration of δ(x) is the unit step function S (x)


• The area is 1 under the spike at x = 0 .
• The standard ramp function is R=0 up to the corner at x = 0 and then
R= x. Its slope dR/dx is a step function.
• Its second derivative d2R/dx2 = δ(x) Delta Function
Delta Function

• Now shift the three graphs by a.


• The shifted ramp R(x - a) is 0 then x - a.
• This has first derivative S(x - a) and second derivative δ(x - a).
• In words, the first derivative j umps by 1 at x = a so the second
derivative is a delta function.
• Since our equation -d2u/dx2 = δ(x - a) has a minus sign, we want the
slope to drop by 1.
• The descending ramp -R( x - a) is a particular solution to -u " = δ ( x - a) .
Delta Function

• The general solution is


Delta Function
• The general solution is
• u(x) = -R(x-a) + (1-a)x
• Note that R(x-a) = 0 for 0<x<a
• Also R(x-a) = x-a for a<x<1

• At the point a the slope drops by 1


Fixed-Free case
How to do it in FDM
• In matrix form, we have

• Column of I means, column vector having only value at a particular row (corresponding to
the point where the load is applied)

• Considering, n=5 and Δx=1/(n+1)=1/6


How to do it in FDM
• Considering, n=5 and Δx=1/(n+1)=1/6

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