Sourav Singh, a class 12 student, prepared a project report on creating a DC power supply. The report documents the circuit design and components used, including a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier with diodes, and an RC filter circuit. The aim was to provide a stable 8V DC output from a 220V AC input. The circuit design is explained through block diagrams and descriptions of how each component works to transform and smooth the input into direct current. An LED is included to indicate the circuit is functioning properly by providing constant DC power. The project was carried out under the guidance of Mr. D.S Meena, a physics teacher.
Sourav Singh, a class 12 student, prepared a project report on creating a DC power supply. The report documents the circuit design and components used, including a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier with diodes, and an RC filter circuit. The aim was to provide a stable 8V DC output from a 220V AC input. The circuit design is explained through block diagrams and descriptions of how each component works to transform and smooth the input into direct current. An LED is included to indicate the circuit is functioning properly by providing constant DC power. The project was carried out under the guidance of Mr. D.S Meena, a physics teacher.
Sourav Singh, a class 12 student, prepared a project report on creating a DC power supply. The report documents the circuit design and components used, including a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier with diodes, and an RC filter circuit. The aim was to provide a stable 8V DC output from a 220V AC input. The circuit design is explained through block diagrams and descriptions of how each component works to transform and smooth the input into direct current. An LED is included to indicate the circuit is functioning properly by providing constant DC power. The project was carried out under the guidance of Mr. D.S Meena, a physics teacher.
Sourav Singh, a class 12 student, prepared a project report on creating a DC power supply. The report documents the circuit design and components used, including a step-down transformer, full-wave rectifier with diodes, and an RC filter circuit. The aim was to provide a stable 8V DC output from a 220V AC input. The circuit design is explained through block diagrams and descriptions of how each component works to transform and smooth the input into direct current. An LED is included to indicate the circuit is functioning properly by providing constant DC power. The project was carried out under the guidance of Mr. D.S Meena, a physics teacher.
Submitted by SOURAV SINGH CLASS : XII ‘B’ ROLL NO. : Under the guidance of Mr. D.S MEENA PGT (Physics) Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi Cantt. - 10 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that SOURAV SINGH
Of class XII B’ has prepared the report on the Project entitled “DC POWER SUPPLY”. The report is the result of his efforts and endeavors. The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project report for the subject PHYSICS of class XII. He has prepared the report under my guidance.
“DC POWER SUPPLY” Submitted by SOURAV SINGH of class XII ‘B’ for CBSE Senior Secondary Examination class XII of PHYSICS at Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi Cantt – 10 has been examined.
SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled
“DC POWER SUPPLY”, submitted to Department of PHYSICS, Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Delhi Cantt – 10 is prepared by me.
SOURAV SINGH CLASS : XII ‘B’ ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I extend my deep sense of gratitude and sincere
thanks to our subject teacher Mr. D.S Meena for his valuable support and guidance in carrying my project work. I also express my gratitude to all the faculty members, parents and my fellow mates who have helped me to carry out this work. Last but not the least, I would like to thank all those who had helped me directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project. SOURAV SINGH CLASS : XII ‘B’ INTRODUCTION
In general, electronic circuits using transistors
requires a source of constant dc supply. Batteries are rarely used for this purpose as they are costly and bulky. In practice dc power for electronic circuit is most conveniently obtained from commercial ac lines by using rectifier-filter system, called a dc power supply. The rectifier-filter combination constitutes an ordinary dc power supply. The project aims to provide a constant dc supply of 8V. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
TRANS- FILTER CONSTANT
FORMER RECTIFIER CIRCUIT DC SUPPLY
AC INPUT SIGNAL
The step down transformer (9-0-9) lowers the
voltage to 9V. The output of the transformer is given to a full wave rectifier which converts ac into dc, but the dc is still fluctuating. The output of the rectifier is given to a RC filter circuit for smoothing the varying dc voltage. The smoothing in a RC filter circuit is not perfect, giving a small ripple voltage. The ripple is about 10% of the supply voltage which is satisfactory for many circuits. WORKING
TRANSFORMER: The step down transformer used converts the 220V ac to 9V ac. Transformer is a device based on the principle of mutual induction. When the flux linked with the secondary coil of the transformer changes due to the change in current in the primary coil, emf is induced in the secondary coil. The transformer used in the circuit is a centre-tapped transformer (9-0-9). If the centre of the secondary coil is taken to be at 0 potential, then both the ends of the secondary coil are at a potential of 9V in the transformer used. The transformer has a capability to give a current of 500mA. FULL WAVE RECTIFIER: A device that converts alternating current into direct current is known as a rectifier. In a full wave rectifier, two diodes are used. The diodes used in the circuit is 1N4007. It has a peak inverse voltage of 1000V. For the positive cycle of the input ac, suppose that the p- region of diode D1 is at higher potential and p- region of diode D2 is at lower potential. Thus, the diode D1 will be forward biased and D2 will be reverse biased. Thus, the diode D1 will conduct and D2 will block the current. The current flows in the resistance R from right to left direction(in the circuit diagram drawn). For the negative cycle of input ac, the diode D1 will be reverse biased and D2 will be forward biased. Thus, the diode D1 will block while D2 will conduct the current. Again, the current in the resistance R flows from right to left direction. Thus, the current in the resistance flows only in one direction. Hence, there will be a unidirectional and continuous flow of current in the resistance. The frequency of current becomes double of its original value.
FILTER CIRCUIT: A capacitor is used as a device for smoothing of the fluctuating unidirectional current from the rectifier. The capacitor used in the circuit has a capacitance of 1000µF. The unidirectional current from the rectifier has ripples, i.e., dc components and ac components of voltage. The capacitor offers low impedance to ac component and offers infinite impedance to dc component. Due to it, the ac component is filtered out. When the voltage across the capacitor increase, it starts charging until the voltage across it becomes equal to the source voltage. When the voltage across the capacitor becomes more than the source voltage, the capacitor starts discharging. The time taken for charging and discharging of a capacitor depends on its capacitance and resistance of the circuit. Higher the value of capacitance, lower is the ripples in the output of filter circuit. The cycle of charging and discharging of capacitor continues.
LED: An led is connected in the circuit to ensure that the circuit is working properly. As led can only work on constant dc supply, the glowing led ensures that we have a constant value of direct current as our output. BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. www.google.com II. www.wikipedia.org III. www.scribd.in IV. physics textbook class XII V. Pradeep’s fundamental physics class XII
