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Ch.6-7 Trigonometry

This document contains sample exam questions on trigonometry from an Edexcel Maths C3 past paper. The questions cover various topics including: - Proving trigonometric identities involving sin, cos and tan functions. - Expressing trigonometric functions in the form R sin(θ + α). - Solving trigonometric equations for specific angle ranges. The questions require students to use trigonometric definitions, identities and angle addition formulas to manipulate expressions, prove identities, express functions in alternative forms, and solve equations. Working is shown for some parts and answers are required to a given degree of accuracy.

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Ch.6-7 Trigonometry

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Edexcel Maths C3

Topic Questions from Papers

Trigonometry

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1. (a) Given that sin2 θ + cos2 θ ≡ 1, show that 1 + tan2 θ ≡ sec2 θ.
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 !" θ < 360°, the equation

2 tan2 θ + sec θ = 1,

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)

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5. (a) Using the identity cos(A + B) ≡ cosA cosB – sin A sin B, prove that

cos 2A ≡ 1 – 2 sin2 A.
(2)

(b) Show that

2 sin 2θ – 3 cos 2θ – 3 sin θ + 3 ≡ sin θ (4 cos θ + 6 sin θ – 3).

(4)

(d) Hence, for 0 ! θ < π, solve

2 sin 2θ = 3(cos 2θ + sin θ – 1),

giving your answers in radians to 3 significant figures, where appropriate.

(5)

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6. f(x) = 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

Given that f(x) = R cos(x + α), where R 0 and 0 α 90°,

(a) find the value of R and the value of α.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

12 cos x – 4 sin x = 7

for 0 x < 360°, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(5)

(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

(1)

(ii) Find, to 2 decimal places, the smallest positive value of x for which this
minimum value occurs.
(2)

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Question 6 continued

(Total 12 marks)

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7. (a) Show that
cos 2 x
(i) ≡ cos x − sin x, x ≠ (n – 14 )π, n ∈ Z,
cos x + sin x (2)

(ii) 1
2 (cos 2x – sin 2x) ≡ cos2 x – cos x sin x – 12 .
(3)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation

⎛ cos 2θ ⎞ 1
cos θ ⎜ ⎟=
⎝ cos θ + sin θ ⎠ 2

can be written as

sin 2θ = cos 2θ.

(3)

(c) Solve, for 0 θ < 2π,

sin 2θ = cos 2θ,

giving your answers in terms of π.

(4)

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6. (a) Using sin2θ + cos2θ ≡ 1, show that cosec2θ – cot2θ ≡ 1.
(2)

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that

cosec4θ – cot4θ ≡ cosec2θ + cot2θ.

(2)
(c) Solve, for 90° < θ < 180°,

cosec4θ – cot4θ = 2 – cot θ.

(6)
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8. (a) Given that cos A = , where 270° < A < 360°, find the exact value of sin 2A.
4
(5)
π π
(b) (i) Show that cos 2 x + + cos 2 x − ≡ cos 2 x.
3 3
(3)

Given that
π π
y = 3sin 2 x + cos 2 x + + cos 2 x − ,
3 3

dy
(ii) show that = sin 2 x.
dx
(4)
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(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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1. (a) By writing sin 3θ as sin (2θ + θ , show that

sin 3θ = 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

(5)
3
(b) Given that sin θ = , find the exact value of sin3θ .
4
(2)

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5. Figure 1

Figure 1 shows an oscilloscope screen.

The curve shown on the screen satisfies the equation

y= cos x + sin x.

(a) Express the equation of the curve in the form y = Rsin(x + ), where R and are
π
constants, R 0 and 0 < < .
2
(4)

(b) Find the values of x, 0 x < 2π , for which y = 1.

(4)

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8. (i) Prove that

sec 2 x − cosec 2 x ≡ tan 2 x − cot 2 x.

(3)

(ii) Given that

y = arccos x, − 1 x 1 and 0 y π,

(a) express arcsin x in terms of y.

(2)

(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of π.

(1)
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Q8

(Total 6 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

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π
6. (a) Express 3 sin x + 2 cos x in the form R sin(x + α) where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2 (4)

(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x)4.

(2)

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2π, the equation

3 sin x + 2 cos x = 1,

giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(5)
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7. (a) Prove that
sin θ cos θ
+ = 2 cosec 2θ , θ ≠ 90n°.
cos θ sin θ
(4)

(b) On the axes on page 20, sketch the graph of y = 2 cosec 2θ for 0° < θ < 360°.
(2)

(c) Solve, for 0° < θ < 360°, the equation

sin θ cos θ
+ = 3,
cos θ sin θ

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(6)

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O 90° 180° 270° 360° θ

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6. (a) Use the double angle formulae and the identity

cos( A + B) cos A cos B − sin A sin B

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(4)

(b) (i) Prove that

cos x 1 + sin x π
+ ≡ 2 sec x, x ≠ (2n + 1) .
1 + sin x cos x 2
(4)

(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2π , all the solutions of

cos x 1 + sin x
+ = 4.
1 + sin x cos x
(3)

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2. f ( x) = 5 cos x + 12 sin x
π
Given that f ( x) = R cos( x − α ), where R > 0 and 0 α ,

(a) find the value of R and the value of α to 3 decimal places.

(4)

(b) Hence solve the equation

5 cos x + 12 sin x = 6
for 0 x < 2π.
(5)

(c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5 cos x + 12 sin x .

(1)

(ii) Find the smallest positive value of x for which this maximum value occurs.
(2)

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5. (a) Given that sin2 θ + cos2 θ ≡ 1, show that 1 + cot2 θ ≡ cosec2 θ .
(2)

(b) Solve, for 0 θ < 180°, the equation

2 cot2 θ – 9 cosec θ = 3,
giving your answers to 1 decimal place.
(6)

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6. (a) (i) By writing 3θ = (2θ + θ), show that
sin 3θ = 3 sin θ – 4 sin3θ.
(4)
π
(ii) Hence, or otherwise, for 0 θ , solve
3
8 sin3θ – 6 sin θ + 1 = 0.

Give your answers in terms of .

(5)

(b) Using sin(θ − α ) = sin θ cos α − cos θ sin α , or otherwise, show that
1
sin15 = − .
4
(4)

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8. (a) Express 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ in the form R cos(θ – α), where R and α are constants, R > 0
and 0 < α < 90°.
(4)

(b) Hence find the maximum value of 3 cos θ + 4 sin θ and the smallest positive value of
θ for which this maximum occurs.
(3)

The temperature, f (t), of a warehouse is modelled using the equation

f (t) = 10 + 3 cos(15t)° + 4 sin(15t)°,
where t is the time in hours from midday and 0 t < 24.

(d) Find the value of t when this minimum temperature occurs.

(3)

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(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

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6. (a) Use the identity cos( A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B , to show that

cos 2 A = 1 − 2 sin 2 A
(2)

The curves C1 and C2 have equations

C1: y = 3sin 2 x

C2: y = 4 sin 2 x − 2 cos 2x

(b) Show that the x-coordinates of the points where C1 and C2 intersect satisfy the
equation

4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x = 2
(3)

(c) Express 4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x in the form R cos (2x – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < 90°,
giving the value of α to 2 decimal places.
(3)

(d) Hence find, for 0 x < 180°, all the solutions of

4 cos 2 x + 3sin 2 x = 2

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(4)

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8. Solve
cosec2 2x – cot 2x = 1

for 0 x 180°.
(7)
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1. (a) Show that
sin 2θ
= tan θ
1 + cos 2θ
(2)

(b) Hence find, for –180° θ < 180°, all the solutions of

2 sin 2θ
=1
1 + cos 2θ

Give your answers to 1 decimal place.

(3)
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π
7. (a) Express 2 sin θ – 1.5 cos θ in the form R sin (θ – α), where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
Give the value of α to 4 decimal places.
(3)

(b) (i) Find the maximum value of 2 sin θ – 1.5 cos θ.

(ii) Find the value of θ, for 0 θ < , at which this maximum occurs.
(3)

Tom models the height of sea water, H metres, on a particular day by the equation

⎛ 4π t ⎞ ⎛ 4π t ⎞
H = 6 + 2 sin ⎜ ⎟ − 1.5 cos ⎜ ⎟, 0 t < 12,
⎝ 25 ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠

where t hours is the number of hours after midday.

(c) Calculate the maximum value of H predicted by this model and the value of t,
to 2 decimal places, when this maximum occurs.
(3)

(d) Calculate, to the nearest minute, the times when the height of sea water is predicted,
by this model, to be 7 metres.
(6)
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3. Find all the solutions of

2 cos 2ș = 1 – 2 sin ș

in the interval 0 - ș 360°.

(6)
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6. (a) Prove that
1 − cos 2θ = tan θ , θ ≠ 90n°, n ∈ !
sin 2θ sin 2θ (4)

(b) Hence, or otherwise,

(i) show that tan 15° = 2 – ¥ 3,

(3)

(ii) solve, for 0 x 360°,

cosec 4x – cot 4x = 1
(5)
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5. Solve, for 0 - R - 180°,

2cot 2 3R 7 cosec 3R – 5

Give your answers in degrees to 1 decimal place.

(10)
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6. f ( x ) = x 2 − 3 x + 2 cos ( 12 x ) , 0 - x - ʌ

(a) Show that the equation f (x) = 0 has a solution in the interval 0.8 < x < 0.9
(2)

The curve with equation y = f (x) has a minimum point P.

(b) Show that the x-coordinate of P is the solution of the equation

3 + sin ( 12 x )
x=
2 (4)

(c) Using the iteration formula

3 + sin ( 12 xn )
xn + 1 = , x0 = 2
2
find the values of x1, x2 and x3 , giving your answers to 3 decimal places.
(3)

(d) By choosing a suitable interval, show that the x-coordinate of P is 1.9078 correct to 4
decimal places.
(3)
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8. (a) Starting from the formulae for sin ( A + B ) and cos ( A + B ), prove that

tan A + tan B
tan ( A + B ) =
1 − tan A tan B (4)

(b) Deduce that

⎛ π ⎞ 1 + ˲ 3 tan θ
tan ⎜ θ + ⎟ =
⎝ 6 ⎠ ˲ 3 − tan θ (3)

(c) Hence, or otherwise, solve, for 0 ! θ ! π ,

1 + √ 3 tan θ = ( √ 3 − tan θ ) tan (π − θ )

Give your answers as multiples of ʌ

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(Total 13 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS

END

*P40084A02424*
24
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5. (a) Express 4 cosec 2 2θ − cosec 2θ in terms of sin ! and cos !.

(2)

(b) Hence show that

4 cosec 2 2θ − cosec 2θ = sec 2 θ

(4)

(c) Hence or otherwise solve, for 0 < !"<!" ,

4 cosec 2 2θ − cosec 2θ = 4

giving your answers in terms of ".

*P40686RA01632*
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8. f ( x) = 7 cos 2 x − 24 sin 2 x

Given that f ( x) = R cos(2 x + α ) , where R " 0 and 0 < α < 90! ,

(a) find the value of R and the value of $ .

(3)

(b) Hence solve the equation

7 cos 2 x − 24 sin 2 x = 12.5

for 0 ! x# 180" , giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(5)

(c) Express 14 cos 2 x − 48 sin x cos x in the form a cos 2 x + b sin 2 x + c ,

where a, b, and c are constants to be found.
(2)

(d) Hence, using your answers to parts (a) and (c), deduce the maximum value of

14 cos 2 x − 48 sin x cos x

(2)
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Question 8 continued
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(Total 12 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

*P40686RA03232*
32
physicsandmathstutor.com January 2013
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π
4. (a) Express 6 cos!"!+!8!sin!" in the form R!cos("!!"!), where R > 0 and 0 < α < .
2
Give the value of !#to 3 decimal places.
(4)

(b) p(" ) = 4 , 0 ! θ ! 2π
12 + 6 cos " + 8 sin "
Calculate

(i) the maximum value of p("),

(ii) the value of " at which the maximum occurs.

(4)
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*P41486A01028*
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6. (i) Without using a calculator, find the exact value of

(sin 22.5° + cos 22.5°)2

You must show each stage of your working.

(5)

(ii) (a) Show that cos 2$ + sin $#= 1 may be written in the form

k sin2 $ – sin $#= 0, stating the value of k.

(2)

(b) Hence solve, for 0 "#$#< 360°, the equation

cos 2$ + sin $#= 1

*P41486A01828*
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3. Given that

2cos(x + 50)! = sin(x + 40)!

(a) Show, without using a calculator, that

1
tan x! = tan "#!
3 (4)

(b) Hence solve, for 0 ! ! < 360,

2cos(2! + 50)! = sin(2! + 40)!

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

*P43016A0832*
8
physicsandmathstutor.com June 2013
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8.
B

3 m s–1
V m s–1 7m

!
A
24 m
Figure 2

Kate crosses a road, of constant width 7 m, in order to take a photograph of a marathon

runner, John, approaching at 3 m s–1.
Kate is 24 m ahead of John when she starts to cross the road from the fixed point A.
John passes her as she reaches the other side of the road at a variable point B, as shown in
Figure 2.
Kate’s speed is V m s–1 and she moves in a straight line, which makes an angle !,
0 < ! < 150!, with the edge of the road, as shown in Figure 2.

You may assume that V is given by the formula

21
V= , 0 < ! < 150!
24sin θ + 7 cos θ

(a) Express 24sin ! + 7cos ! in the form Rcos(! – #), where R and # are constants and
where R > 0 and 0 < # < 90!, giving the value of # to 2 decimal places.
(3)

Given that !$varies,

(b) find the minimum value of V.

(2)

Given that Kate’s speed has the value found in part (b),

(c) find the distance AB.

(3)

Given instead that Kate’s speed is 1.68 m s–1,

(d) find the two possible values of the angle !, given that 0 < !$< 150!.
(6)
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Question 8 continued
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(Total 14 marks)
TOTAL FOR PAPER: 75 MARKS
END

*P43016A03232*
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Core Mathematics C3

Candidates sitting C3 may also require those formulae listed under Core Mathematics C1 and
C2.
Logarithms and exponentials

e x ln a = a x

Trigonometric identities
sin ( A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
cos ( A ± B) = cos A cos B m sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
tan ( A ± B ) = ( A ± B ≠ (k + 12 )π )
1 m tan A tan B
A+ B A− B
sin A + sin B = 2 sin cos
2 2
A+ B A− B
sin A − sin B = 2 cos sin
2 2
A+ B A− B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos
2 2
A+ B A− B
cos A − cos B = −2 sin sin
2 2

Differentiation

f(x) f ′(x)
tan kx k sec2 kx
sec x sec x tan x
cot x –cosec2 x
cosec x –cosec x cot x
f( x) f ′( x) g( x) − f( x) g′( x)
g( x) (g( x) ) 2

6 Edexcel AS/A level Mathematics Formulae List: Core Mathematics C3 – Issue 1 – September 2009
Core Mathematics C2

Candidates sitting C2 may also require those formulae listed under Core Mathematics C1.

Cosine rule

a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos A

Binomial series

n n −1 n n−2 2 n n−r r
( a + b) n = a n + a b+ a b +K+ a b +K+ bn (n ∈ ℕ)
1 2 r
n n!
where = n Cr =
r r! (n − r )!
n(n − 1) 2 n(n − 1) K (n − r + 1) r
(1 + x) n = 1 + nx + x +K+ x + K ( x < 1, n ∈ ℝ)
1× 2 1× 2 × K × r

Logarithms and exponentials

log b x
log a x =
log b a

Geometric series

un = arn − 1

a (1 − r n )
Sn =
1− r

a
S∞ = for ⏐r⏐ < 1
1− r

Numerical integration
b
b−a
The trapezium rule: y dx ≈ 1
2 h{(y0 + yn) + 2(y1 + y2 + ... + yn – 1)}, where h =
a n

Edexcel AS/A level Mathematics Formulae List: Core Mathematics C2 – Issue 1 – September 2009 5
Core Mathematics C1

Mensuration

Surface area of sphere = 4π r 2

Area of curved surface of cone = π r × slant height

Arithmetic series
un = a + (n – 1)d
1 1
Sn = n(a + l) = n[2a + (n − 1)d]
2 2

4 Edexcel AS/A level Mathematics Formulae List: Core Mathematics C1 – Issue 1 – September 2009

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Ch.6-7 Trigonometry

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Ch.6-7 Trigonometry

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Edexcel Maths C3

Topic Questions from Papers

(b) Solve, for 0 !" θ < 360°, the equation

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

(b) Show that

2 sin 2θ – 3 cos 2θ – 3 sin θ + 3 ≡ sin θ (4 cos θ + 6 sin θ – 3).

(d) Hence, for 0 ! θ < π, solve

2 sin 2θ = 3(cos 2θ + sin θ – 1),

giving your answers in radians to 3 significant figures, where appropriate.

Given that f(x) = R cos(x + α), where R 0 and 0 α 90°,

(a) find the value of R and the value of α.

(b) Hence solve the equation

for 0 x < 360°, giving your answers to one decimal place.

(c) (i) Write down the minimum value of 12 cos x – 4 sin x.

(b) Hence, or otherwise, show that the equation

sin 2θ = cos 2θ.

(c) Solve, for 0 θ < 2π,

sin 2θ = cos 2θ,

giving your answers in terms of π.

(b) Hence, or otherwise, prove that

cosec4θ – cot4θ ≡ cosec2θ + cot2θ.

cosec4θ – cot4θ = 2 – cot θ.

sin 3θ = 3sin θ − 4sin 3 θ .

Figure 1 shows an oscilloscope screen.

The curve shown on the screen satisfies the equation

(b) Find the values of x, 0 x < 2π , for which y = 1.

sec 2 x − cosec 2 x ≡ tan 2 x − cot 2 x.

(ii) Given that

(a) express arcsin x in terms of y.

(b) Hence evaluate arccos x + arcsin x. Give your answer in terms of π.

(b) Hence find the greatest value of (3 sin x + 2 cos x)4.

(c) Solve, for 0 < x < 2π, the equation

giving your answers to 3 decimal places.

(c) Solve, for 0° < θ < 360°, the equation

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

O 90° 180° 270° 360° θ

cos( A + B) cos A cos B − sin A sin B

to obtain an expression for cos 3x in terms of powers of cos x only.

(b) (i) Prove that

(ii) Hence find, for 0 < x < 2π , all the solutions of

(a) find the value of R and the value of α to 3 decimal places.

(b) Hence solve the equation

(c) (i) Write down the maximum value of 5 cos x + 12 sin x .

(b) Solve, for 0 θ < 180°, the equation

Give your answers in terms of .

The temperature, f (t), of a warehouse is modelled using the equation

(d) Find the value of t when this minimum temperature occurs.

The curves C1 and C2 have equations

C2: y = 4 sin 2 x − 2 cos 2x

(d) Hence find, for 0 x < 180°, all the solutions of

giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

Give your answers to 1 decimal place.

(b) (i) Find the maximum value of 2 sin θ – 1.5 cos θ.

where t hours is the number of hours after midday.

in the interval 0 - ș  360°.

(b) Hence, or otherwise,

(i) show that tan 15° = 2 – ¥ 3,

(ii) solve, for 0  x  360°,

Give your answers in degrees to 1 decimal place.

The curve with equation y = f (x) has a minimum point P.

(b) Show that the x-coordinate of P is the solution of the equation

(c) Using the iteration formula

(b) Deduce that

(c) Hence, or otherwise, solve, for 0 ! θ ! π ,

1 + √ 3 tan θ = ( √ 3 − tan θ ) tan (π − θ )

Give your answers as multiples of ʌ

5. (a) Express 4 cosec 2 2θ − cosec 2θ in terms of sin ! and cos !.

(b) Hence show that

4 cosec 2 2θ − cosec 2θ = sec 2 θ

(c) Hence or otherwise solve, for 0 < !"<!" ,

giving your answers in terms of ".

Given that f ( x) = R cos(2 x + α ) , where R " 0 and 0 < α < 90! ,

(a) find the value of R and the value of $ .

(b) Hence solve the equation

7 cos 2 x − 24 sin 2 x = 12.5

for 0 ! x# 180" , giving your answers to 1 decimal place.

in the interval 0 - ș 360°.

(ii) solve, for 0 x 360°,

Give your answers as multiples of ʌ

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