INTRODUCTION: ART - Latin word ARS which means

APPRECIATION (ARTA 111) (Week 1) skills/ability

- cover those areas of artistic
creativity -embraces the visual
HUMANITIES arts, literature, music and dance
- expresses aesthetic ideas by use
- came from the Latin word
of skill & imagination
humanus meaning refined,
cultured and human. DIVISION OF THE ARTS
- study of the different cultural
 Visual: arts that are primarily
aspect of man, his frailties in life
seen, occupies space
and how it can be improved
- records man’s quest for answers  Auditory: heard, timed arts; exist
in time
to the fundamental questions he
asks about himself and about life  Combined/performing arts:
- are expressions of man’s feelings combines visual & auditory
elements
and thoughts
- emphasizes dignity and EXAMPLES:
worthiness of man and
recognizes creative expressions Visual arts: paintings, sculptures
and architectures
- aimed to shape students
subjective energies (feelings, Auditory arts: music and poetry
attitudes and aspirations)
Combined: drama & theatre,
IMPORTANCE OF HUMANITIES dancing, cinema & TV, opera
 MAN NEEDS AN IMAGE OF PURPOSES OF THE ARTS
HIMSELF
1. Create beauty
 UNDERSTANDING OF HIS
2. Provide decoration
NATURES
3. Reveal truth
 NECESSARY FOR THE
4. Immortalize
DEVELOPMENT OF A
5. Express religious values
COMPLETE, SOCIAL MAN
6. Record and commemorate
 PROVIDES MAN WITH A experience
MEASURE OF HIS OWN 7. Create order & harmony
PASSION & DESIRE
 REGULATE MAN’S BEHAVIOUR
ETYMOLOGY OF ART
ART

- comes from the Aryan root word

AR which means to put together
 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OFTHE  Art as a means of expression &
ART (Week 2) communication.
Art has been created by all people at “The humanities constitute one of the
all times, in all countries and it lives oldest and most important means of
because its well-liked and enjoyed. expression developed by man”.
- Human history has witnessed
how man evolved not just
physically but also culturally, from
cave painters to men of exquisite
paintbrush users of the present.
Even if one goes back to the time
before written records of man’s
civilization has appeared, he can
find cases of man’s attempts of
not just crafting tools to live and
 Art involves experience; there survive but also expressing his
can never be appreciation of feelings and thoughts. The
art without experience. Galloping Wild Boar found in the
cave of Altamira, Spain is one
such example. In 1879, a
Art is not nature; Nature is not art. Spaniard and his daughter were
exploring a cave when they saw
pictures of a wild boar, hind, and
bison.
PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS
 According to experts, these
paintings were purported to
belong to Upper Paleolithic
Age, several thousands of
years before the current era.
Pre-historic men, with their
crude instruments, already
showcased and manifested
earliest attempts at recording
man’s innermost interests,
 A
preoccupations, and thoughts.
rt is made by man;
 The humanities, then,
 Art is everywhere.
ironically, have started even
 Art is man’s oldest means of
before the term has been
expression;
coined. Human persons have
long been exercising what it
 means to be a human long - Poetry is an art form where the
before he was even aware of artist expresses his emotions not
his being one. The humanities by using paint, charcoal, or
stand tall in bearing witness to camera, but expresses them
this magnificent phenomenon. through words.
Any human person, then, is  Architecture
tasked to participate, if not, - is the art of designing and
totally partake in this long constructing buildings and other
tradition of humanizing types of structures.
himself. - It is often referred to as the
Functions of Art and Philosophy “mother of the arts” because it
(Week 3) houses, serves as background
for, or occurs in relation to other
POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS fields of art.
- Materials used include stone,
 VISUAL ARTS
concrete, brick, wood, steel,
- Is the kind of art form that the
glass, and plaster.
population is most likely more
exposed to, but its variations are  Dance
so diverse they range from - is series of movements that
sculptures that you see in art follows the rhythm of the music
galleries to the last movie you accompaniment.
saw. Some mediums of visual
arts include paintings, drawings,
lettering, printing, sculptures,
digital imaging, and more.
 FILM
- refers to the art of putting
together successions of still
images in order to create an
illusion of movement
- Filmmaking focuses on its

aesthetic, cultural, and social
value and is considered as Literary Art
both an art and an industry. - goes beyond the usual
 Performance Art professional, academic,
- is a live art and the artist’s journalistic, and other technical
medium is mainly the human form of writing.
body which he or she uses to - It focuses on writing using a
perform, but also employs unique style, not following a
other kind of art such as specific form or norm.
visual art, props, or stage
 Poetry Performance
- It may include both fiction and C. PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART
non-fiction such as novels, - The personal functions of art are
biographies and poems. varied and highly subjective. This
 Theater means that its function depend on the
- uses live performers to present person- the artist who created the art.
accounts or imaginary events
D. SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART
before a live audience.
- Theater art performance usually - Art is considered to have a social
follows a script, though they function if and when it addresses a
should not be confused with particular collective interest as opposed
to a personal interest.
literary arts.
 Applied Arts - Political art is a very common
- incorporate elements of style and example of an art with a social function.
design to everyday items with the Art may convey message of protest,
aim of increasing their aesthetical contestation, or whatever message the
artist intends his work to carry.
value.
- Artists in this field bring beauty, E. PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART
charm, and comfort into many - The physical functions of art are the
things that are useful in everyday easiest to spot and understand. The
life. physical functions of art can be found in
artworks that are crafted in order to
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART
serve some physical purpose.
A. AS A THERAPY
F. Other Functions of Art
- In its therapeutic function, art can be - Music as an art is also interesting to
and is used as therapy for individuals talk about in relation to function.
with a variety of illnesses, both physical
and mental. - Music in its original form was
principally functional.
B. ART AS ARTIFACT
- Music was used for dance and
- Art also functions as an artifact: A religion.
product of a particular time and place,
an artwork represents the ideas and - Unlike today, when one can just listen
technology of that specific time and to music for the sake of music’s sake,
place. the ancient world saw music only as
an instrument to facilities worship
- As we look back over history, we find and invocation to gods.
in art striking, and in some cases, the
only, tangible records of some peoples. - Music also was essential to dance
The insights we gain into cultures, because music assures
including our own are enhanced synchronicity among dancers.
tremendously by such artifacts as
paintings, sculptures, poems, plays, and  Art as a Representation
buildings.  Art as a Disinterested Judgment
  Art as a Communication of  Figures
Emotion  Mythology
 Nature
SUBJECT AND CONTENT
 Myth
 Subject refers to the visual  Dreams
focus or the image that may be  FANTASIES
extracted from examining the
artwork. CONTENT IN ART
 Content is the meaning that is Levels of meaning
communicated by the artist or
the artwork.  Factual
- pertains to the most rudimentary
TYPES OF SUBJECT
level of meaning for it may be
 Representational art extracted from the identifiable or
- These types of art have subjects that recognizable forms in the artwork
refer to object or events occurring in and understanding how these
the real world. elements relate to one another.
 Conventional
- Often, it is also termed figurative
art, because as the name suggest, - meaning, on the other hand, pertains
the figures depicted are easy to to the acknowledged interpretation
makes out and decipher. of the artwork using motifs, signs,
 Non-Representational art symbols and other cyphers as bases
of its meaning. These conventions
- This art does not make a reference
are established through time,
to the real world, whether it is a
strengthened by recurrent use and
person, place, thing, or even a
wide acceptance by its viewers or
particular event.
audience and scholars who study
- It is stripped down to visual elements then.
such as shapes, lines, emotion, and  Subjectivities
even concept.
- are consulted, a variety of meaning
Sources of Subject may arise when a particular work of
art is read. These meanings stem
 NATURE from the viewer’s or audience’s
 Sacred Oriental Texts circumstances that come into play
 HISTORY when engaging with art.
 Greek and Roman Mythology
 Judeo- Christian Tradition Elements and Principles of Art
 Other works of art (Week 5)

Kinds of Subject The Elements of Visual Arts

 History
 Landscape
 CITYSCAPE
 STILL LIFE
 Seascape
 ANIMALS
 response from a viewer
(Fichner-Rathus, 2010).

- LINE What does these lines suggest?

- Line is a mark on a surface - Vertical Lines
that describes a shape or - are poised for action. They are
outline. It can create texture poised, balanced, forceful, and
and can be thick and thin. dynamic. They express an
- Types of line can include impression of dignity
actual, implied, vertical, - Only vertical lines can be used to
horizontal, diagonal and express an orderly feeling
contour line. -
- is an important element at the  Horizontal Lines
disposal of every artist. - are lines of repose and
- always has direction, always serenity. They express ideas
moving. of calmness and quiescence
- as used in any work of art, - Only horizontal lines can
may either be straight or give a feeling of peacefulness
curved. and stillness.
- Lines are the first element of  Diagonal lines
art and are continuous marks - are used to create feelings of
that are made on any surface movement or action.
with a moving point.  Curved lines
- Lines can be used in various - sometimes referred as S
ways to create different curves, suggest gracefulness
compositions. or sexiness.
- A line can be used to express
LEADING LINES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
various things or feelings; it
can be used to show various  When using vertical lines within a
moods or anything abstract. photo, it’s a good idea to follow
- Line serves as an essential the rule of thirds, failure to do so
building block of art, but it can result in a photo looking as
can also serve as the content though it’s been cut in half. It is
itself of a work of art, or be also important to try to keep the
manipulated to evoke an vertical line as straight as
emotional or intellectual possible. Vertical leading lines
 can help to illustrate growth, right of a photo is also a great
authority, strength, or dominance. way to compose a shot. 
Some examples of vertical
Three Main Types of Lines
leading lines in photography
include photographs of trees or  Repetition
tall buildings. - occurs when two or more
 When composing your photo to lines are drawn within a
include horizontal leading lines, corner following the lines of
make sure they’re as straight as the corner.
possible and consider following  Contrast
the rule of thirds. This photo, for - Lines that are in opposition to
example, places the land and each other form
horizon along the bottom third of  Transition line
the image, while the sky fills the - is a line that connects two
top two-thirds of the shot. workflow elements.
Further, the photo was composed - Transition lines allow you to
so the bride and groom are along define what the next step in a
the left-third of the image.  workflow will be.
 Curved lines, sometimes referred
To summarize, including leading lines
as S curves, can help lead the
within a photograph is a composition
eye through a photo and can
technique that can strongly influence the
suggest gracefulness, sexiness, overall result of an image.
or sensuality. Despite the name,
S curves don’t need to be shaped Leading lines can direct a person’s eye
exactly like an “s.” Any strong to a main focal point or, if used
leading line that winds or curves incorrectly, can draw the eye away from
the subject or appear to cut a photo in
can be considered an S curve.
half.
Some curved leading lines often
used in photography include The Art Element of Color
paths and rivers. 
 Color
 When including diagonal leading
- refers to the visual perception
lines within a photo, it’s best if
of light being reflected from a
you can position them so that
surface of an artwork.
they start and finish just above or
below the corner of a photo, like Attributes of Color
the railroad tracks shown here.
 Hue 
This will prevent the image from
- is the term for the pure spectrum
looking like it has been split in
colors commonly referred to by
half. Because our eyes naturally the "color names" - red, orange,
scan photos from left to right, yellow, blue, green violet - which
composing an image to include appear in the hue circle or
diagonal leading lines that flow rainbow.
from the bottom left to the top
 - Theoretically all hues can be • Yellow roses stand for freedom
mixed from three basic hues,
• Red and Yellow stand for jovial
known as primaries.
/happy feelings
 Color Wheel
- is an abstract illustrative • Orange roses speak of enthusiasm
organization of color and desire
hues around a circle, that shows
• Red and White convey unity
relationships between primary,
secondary, and tertiary colors, • Red is for “I love you”
etc.
 Value • Pink conveys “Thank you”
- refers to the lightness or • White says “You are heavenly”
darkness of a color. It is the
quality which depends on the • Coral speaks of desire.
amount of light and dark in color. • White roses denote secrecy,
 Intensity reverence and humility.
- refers to the brightness or
darkness of color. It gives color • Deep pink roses convey gratitude
strength. When a hue is vivid and appreciation.
form, it is said to be in full • Light pink express sympathy, grace
intensity. When it is dulled, it is and gentility
said to be partly neutralized.
 Tints TEXTURE
- are values above the normal
- is the element that deals more
 Shades directly with the sense of touch.
- are values below the normal. - applies to how an object feels or
Psychology of Colors appears to feel.
- can be either implied or actual.
• Colors have varied psychological - It has to do with the
and emotional connotations. characteristics of surfaces which
– Black is associated with can be rough or smooth, fine or
death and gloom coarse, shiny or dull, plain or
irregular.
– White stands for purity and  Implied texture
innocence - expresses the idea of how a
– Red is associated with blood, surface might feel. For example,
anger and fear a painting of a blanket might
convey the idea that the blanket
– Green implies happiness and is soft.
abundance  Actual texture
Meanings of Colors Conveyed by - is texture that can actually be
the Rose felt. For example, a ceramic bowl
might feature a carved texture
• Red roses also mean courage and that could be felt when holding
fortitude that bowl.
PERSPECTIVE actual volume that is taken up by
the artwork.
- deals with the effect of distance
- as an element of art, refers to
upon the appearance of objects,
distances or areas around,
by means of which the eye
between or within components of
judges spatial relationships
a piece. 
Kinds of Perspective - Space can be positive (white or
light) or negative (black or dark),
 Linear perspective open or closed, shallow or deep 
- is the representation of an and two-dimensional or three-
appearance of distance by dimensional.
means of converging lines. - Sometimes space isn't actually
- It has to do with the direction of within a piece, but the illusion of
lines and with the size of objects. it is.
- Painters usually show the effect
of space and distance by using Kinds of Space
converging lines and diminishing  Positive space
size. - the areas in a work of art that are
- Parallel lines below the eye level the subjects, or areas of interest.
seem to rise to a vanishing point  Negative space
in the horizon, while those above
- areas around the subjects, or
the eye level seem to descend to
areas of interest.
the vanishing point.
- Foreshortening is the Shape, Form, and Volume are words that
representation of objects or parts are used to describe distinct areas or
of the body as smaller from the parts of works of art or architecture.
point of view of the observer.
FORM
 Aerial perspective
- is the representation of relative - applies to the over-all design
distances of objects by of a work of art.
gradations of tone or color. - It describes the structure or
- Objects become fainter in the shape of an object.
distance due to the effect of the
atmosphere. Objects appear to The Art Element of Form
be lighter in color as they recede  Form refers to a three-
into the distance or atmosphere dimensional object. As such,
The Art Element of Space form is an art term that is only
applied to those artworks that
 Space are three-dimensional, such as
- refers to how the artist fills the sculpture and pottery.
surface on which a work of art is  Forms, much like shapes, can
created. It can also refer to the be geometric or organic.
expression of depth within a Geometric forms have hard
work of art. lines and edges. Organic
- When talking about a three- forms are curvy and more
dimensional object, space is the free-form.
 Types of Form

 Organic forms
- such as these snow-covered
boulders typically are irregular in
outline, and often asymmetrical.
- Organic forms are most often
thought of as naturally occurring.
 Geometric forms
- are those which correspond to
named regular shapes, such as
squares, rectangles, circles,
cubes, spheres, cones, and
other regular forms. 
VOLUME

- refers to the amount of space

occupied in three dimensions.
- It refers to solidity or thickness.