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Practical Lab 6

This document discusses input and output (I/O) operations in assembly language using DOS interrupt functions. It introduces common I/O functions like reading a character from the keyboard with and without echo, displaying a character on the screen, and reading/displaying strings. Sample assembly code is provided to demonstrate using these functions to read input and display output. Students are assigned a lab task to write a program that reads a 3 character password without echo and then displays the user's name and ID.

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Vishal Kumar
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142 views9 pages

Practical Lab 6

This document discusses input and output (I/O) operations in assembly language using DOS interrupt functions. It introduces common I/O functions like reading a character from the keyboard with and without echo, displaying a character on the screen, and reading/displaying strings. Sample assembly code is provided to demonstrate using these functions to read input and display output. Students are assigned a lab task to write a program that reads a 3 character password without echo and then displays the user's name and ID.

Uploaded by

Vishal Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of: Subject of:

Computer Systems Engineering Computer Architecture and Assembly


Programming
Mehran University of Engineering Year 2nd Semester 3rd
&Technology
Batch 19CS Duration 03
Hours
Jamshoro

Practical no.6

To become familiar with Input and Output instructions

Introduction:

In this experiment you will be introduced to the basic Input and Output (I/O)
operations using assembly language. You will use the DOS interrupt (INT 21H)
function calls to access the keyboard and video display. More details will also be
given on the structure of an assembly language program.

The following major points are discussed:


- Variable declaration using: DB, DW, DD
- Constant declaration using: EQU
- OFFSET operator
- INT 21H with the functions 1, 2, 8 and 9.

Objectives:

1- Demonstrate keyboard access using the DOS INT 21H function calls 01,
02 and 08.
2- Demonstrate string display using the DOS INT 21H function call 09.
3- Show the difference between keyboard read functions, with echo and
without echo.

I/O DOS Function Calls:


Table 6. 1 summarizes the main I/O functions. These functions are mainly used to
read a character or a string from the keyboard, which could be an input data to a
program, and display characters or strings, which could be results, or an output, of a
program:

Function Input in Output in Effect


01H AH AL Read a character with echo on the
screen.
02H, 06H AH, No output Display a character on the screen.
Character in DL Note: Interrupted by Ctrl + Break
08H AH AL Read character without echo.
09H AH No output Display a string terminated by a
‘$’ sign
0AH AH Offset in Read a string of characters from
DX the keyboard
Table 6. 1: Simple I/O DOS function calls
DOS Display Functions:

These are DOS functions 02 and 06 for a single character display, and 09 for a string
display.

DOS Functions 02 and 06:

Both functions are identical, except that function 02 can be interrupted by a control
break (Ctrl-Break), while function 06 cannot. To display a single character ASCII
character at the current cursor position use the following sequence of instructions:

MOV AH, 06H ;(Or: MOV AH, 02H)


MOV DL, Character Code
INT 21H

The Character Code may be the ASCII code of the character taken from the ASCII
table or the character itself written between quotes.

The following displays number 2 using its ASCII code:

MOV AH, 06H


MOV DL, 32H
INT 21H

This code also displays 2:

MOV AH, 06H


MOV DL, ‘2’
INT 21H

DOS Functions 09:

This function is used to display a string of characters ended with a ‘$’ sign. The
following code displays the string MESSAGE defined as:

MESSAGE DB ‘This is the Message to be displayed’, ‘$’


.CODE
MOV DX, OFFSET MESSAGE
MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

DOS Input functions:

These include reading a single character, with or without echo, functions 01 and 08,
and reading a whole string.
Function 01H and 08H INT 21H:

To read single character and have it echoed (displayed) on the screen, use the
following code:

MOV AH, 01H


INT 21H
;AL contains now the ASCII code of the character read from the
;keyboard.

If the character is to be read without echo, such as reading a password, use the
following code:

MOV AH, 08H


INT 21H
;AL contains now the ASCII code of the character read

Reading a String:

Reading a string is accomplished by Function 0AH INT 21H. DOS function 0AH will
accept a string of text entered at the keyboard and copy that string into a memory
buffer. DOS 0AH is invoked with DS:DX pointing to an input buffer, whose size
should be at least three bytes longer than the largest input string anticipated.

Before invoking DOS function 0AH, you must set the first byte of the buffer with the
number of character spaces in the buffer. After returning from DOS function 0AH, the
second byte of the buffer will contain a value giving the number of characters actually
read form the keyboard (Table 6.2).

Buffer Actual
Length Length

Figure 6. 1: Keyboard buffer structure

Function 0AH Read from Keyboard


Entry AH = 0AH ; DX = address of keyboard input buffer
First byte of buffer contains the size of the buffer (up to 255)
Exit Second byte of buffer contains the number of characters read.
Reading operation continues until buffer full, or a carriage return
(CR = 0DH) is typed.

Table 6. 2: : Functions 0AH of DOS interrupt.


Example:

Below is an example on the use of function 0AH, when the user enters the word
“hello”.

Input:

08 XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX

MOV AH, 0AH


INT 21H
;Read from keyboard the word “hello”

Output:

08 05 68 65 6C 6C 6F 0D XX XX

Empty String:
Lab Work:

1- What does the program no.1 do? Notice how the program handles the three
different characters.

2- Replace the line: MOV DX, OFFSET MESSAGE


by: LEA DX, MESSAGE
In program no.2

3- After running the program, notice here the effect of the characters 0DH
and 0AH at the end of the line containing: MESSAGE. What is your
conclusion?
4- Note also the effects of the function calls 01H, 08H.

5- Write down all your conclusions.

Lab Assignment:

Write an assembly language program that prompts you to enter a password of 3


characters in length. The password should not be echoed to the screen. The program
then displays your name and ID number on the screen.

Submit your work at the end of the lab.


; Program no.1
; This program displays the characters A B C, using INT 21H function 02.

.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
X EQU ’B’
Y DB 43H

.STACK 200

.CODE

MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX

MOV AH,02 ; LOAD FUNCTION 02

MOV DL,’A’ ; LOAD CHARACTER TO BE DISPLAYED


INT 21H ; CALL INTERRUPT 21H

MOV DL,X ; LOAD CHARACTER TO BE DISPLAYED


INT 21H ; CALL INTERRUPT 21H

MOV DL,Y ; LOAD CHARACTER TO BE DISPLAYED


INT 21H ; CALL INTERRUPT 21H

MOV AX,4C00H; Exit to DOS


INT 21H

END

Program no.2
; This program displays a string terminated by a $ sign using INT 21H function 09H.

.MODEL SMALL

.DATA
MESSAGE DB ‘This is the message to be displayed’,’$’

.STACK 200

.CODE
MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS, AX

MOV DX, OFFSET MESSAGE


MOV AH, 09H
INT 21H

MOV AX, 4C00H ; Exit to DOS


INT 21H
END
; Character input with echo INT 21H, function call 01H
; Character input without echo INT 21H, function call 08H

Program no.3

.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
MESSAGE DB ‘Enter a character: ’,’$’
MESSAGE2 DB ‘The character you typed is: ’,0DH, 0AH,’$’

.STACK 200

.CODE

MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX

LEA DX, MESSAGE


MOV AH,09H
INT 21H ; Display message

MOV AH,02 ; Function 02H, display character


MOV DL,AL ; Load character to be displayed
INT 21H ;

LEA DX, MESSAGE


MOV AH,09H
INT 21H

MOV AH, 08H ; Function read character without echo.


INT 21H ; Character read is returned in AL register. No echo on the display.

MOV BL,AL ;Save character read in BL register

LEA DX, MESSAGE2


MOV AH,09H ;Display MESSAGE2
INT 21H

MOV AH,02 ; Function 02H, display character


MOV DL,BL ; Load character to be displayed from BL
INT 21H

MOV AH,4CH ; Exit to DOS


INT 21H
END

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