Form 5 Chemistry Redox Equilibrium

Form 5 Chemistry
Chapter 1

Redox Equillibrium
Form 5 Chemistry Redox Equilibrium
What is Redox ?

Redox Reaction is a type of reaction.

Involving oxidation and reduction
That occurring simultaneously ( in a same time ) .

RED OX
REDUCTION OXIDATION
Method to determine Redox Reaction :

Method Oxidation Reduction

Oxygen Number + ( Gain ) −¿( Loss )

Changes in Oxidation Number + ( Gain ) −¿( Loss )
Hydrogen Number −¿( Loss ) + ( Gain )
Transfer of Electron −¿( Loss ) + ( Gain )

Example : X gain oxygen. X undergoes ___Oxidation___ .

X undergoes Oxidation. X is Oxidised.
Example : Y gain electron. Y undergoes ___Reduction___ .
Y undergoes Reduction. Y is Reduced.

Oxidising and Reducing Agent :

Agent
Oxidising Agent Reducing Agent
X undergoes Oxidation. X is Oxidised. X is Reducing Agent
Y undergoes Reduction. Y is Reduced. Y is Oxidising Agent

Oxygen Method :

Method Oxidation Reduction

Oxygen Number + ( Gain ) −¿( Loss )

Mg + CuO  MgO + Cu
1st Step !
Choose an element from LHS and its partner at RHS.
2nd Step !
Form 5 Chemistry Redox Equilibrium
List out the element.
LHS : Mg
RHS : MgO
3rd Step !
What happens at LHS and RHS ?
Mg  MgO
No Oxygen  One Oxygen (Gain Oxygen)
Mg become MgO.
Mg gain Oxygen.
Mg undergoes Oxidation.
Mg is oxidised.
Mg is a Reducing Agent.

Oxygen Method :

Method Oxidation Reduction

Oxygen Number + ( Gain ) −¿( Loss )

Mg + CuO  MgO + Cu
1st Step !
Choose an element from LHS and its partner at RHS.
2nd Step !
List out the element.
LHS : CuO
RHS : Cu
3rd Step !
What happens at LHS and RHS ?
CuO  Cu
One Oxygen  No Oxygen (Loss Oxygen)
CuO become Cu.
Cu loss Oxygen.
Cu undergoes Reduction.
Form 5 Chemistry Redox Equilibrium
Cu is reduced.
Cu is an Oxidising Agent.

How to determine it is a Redox Reaction ?

Answer : The equation got Reduction and Oxidation. If yes , it is a redox reaction.

C + CO2  2CO
C  CO (Gain an oxygen)
It is a oxidation and Reducing Agent.

C + CO2  2CO
CO2  CO (Loss an oxygen)
It is a Reduction and Oxidising Agent.
Example :

2 Zn + O2  2 ZnO
Zn  ZnO
(Gain an oxygen)
It is a oxidation and Reducing Agent.
O2  ZnO
(Loss an oxygen)
It is a Reduction and Oxidising Agent.

Hydrogen Method

Method Oxidation Reduction

Hydrogen Number −¿( Loss ) + ( Gain )

H2S + Cl2  2 HCl + S

S Loss Hydrogen  Oxidising Agent Cl2 to HCl , Gain Hydrogen  Reducing Agent
Redox reaction ? Yes

2 NH3 + 3 CuO  N2 + 3 H2O + 3 Cu

NH3  N2
Loss H  Oxidation , Reducing Agent
Form 5 Chemistry Redox Equilibrium
CuO  Cu
Loss O  Reduction , Oxidising Agent

Changes in Oxidation Number :

Method Oxidation Reduction

Changes in Oxidation Number + ( Gain ) −¿( Loss )

1) Element = 0 Mg , Ca , Cu , Ag , Pb , O2 , H2

2) Ion (Charge) Na+ = +1 Cl- = -1 Mg2+ = +2 O2- = -2

3) Oxygen H2O2  Hydrogen Peroxide (Oxidation Number O = -1)

Element O2  (Oxidation Number O = 0)
Ion O2-  (Oxidation Number O = -2)
Compound MgO  (Oxidation Number O = -2)
Compound Na2O  (Oxidation Number O = -2)