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General Chemistry 1, Grade 12

(STEM) Learning Activity Sheets
Quarter 1– Week 3C: STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTIONS

First Edition, 2021

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Author: Jay N. Bernat

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email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
0
 WEEKLY LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
General Chemistry 1, Grade 12, Quarter 1, Week 3C

STOICHIOMETRY OF REACTIONS

Name: ___________________________________________ Section: ____________________

Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)

Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in order to calculate the amount of reactant
needed or amount of product formed in terms of moles or mass. (STEM_GC11MRlg-h-38)

Learning Objectives:
1. Balance the chemical equations that describe the reactions.
2. Use stoichiometric relationships to calculate the mass of the required product or reactant
given the mole or mass of another substance in the equation.

Time Allotment: 1 hour

Key Concepts

How much oxygen is needed to ensure complete combustion of a given amount of isooctane?
How many grams of pure gold can be obtained from a ton of low-grade gold ore? If an industrial plant
must produce a certain amount of sulfuric acid per week, how much elemental sulfur must be used
per week?

These are example of questions which will be answered through stoichiometry of reactions. As
a recall, stoichiometry deals with calculations of the reactants and products in terms of moles and
masses in a chemical reaction. In chemistry, chemical equations are balanced because they represent
reactions that are governed by certain laws such as Law of Conservation of Mass. Chemists make
use of balanced equations to do chemical calculations.

To develop the principles for dealing with the stoichiometry of reactions, the followings are to
be observed in the given sample problems:

Sample Problem 1: How many grams of ammonia (NH3) are produced from 1.0 g hydrogen (H2) in
the reaction of nitrogen gas (N2) and hydrogen gas (H2)?

In doing stoichiometry, the first thing to do is write the balanced chemical equation for
the reaction.
In this case, the balanced equation is:

N2 (g) + 3 H2(g) 2 NH3(g)

The equation means that 1mole of N2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. To
use the equation to find the masses of reactants and products, one must be able to convert between
masses and moles of substances. Thus, one must first ask: “How many moles of H2 are present in
1.0g of H2? The molar mass of hydrogen is 1.0 g/mol. The moles of hydrogen can be calculated as
follows:
1.0 g H2 x 1 mol H2 = 1 mol H2
1.0 g H2
Author: Jay N. Bernat
School/Station: Agay National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
1
 Next we must take into account the fact that 3 moles of H 2 reacts with 2 moles of NH3. The
best way to do this is to use the balanced equation to construct mole ratio. In this case, we want to
convert from moles of hydrogen to moles of ammonia. From the balanced equation, we see that 3
moles of H2 are required for every 2 moles of NH3, so the appropriate ratio is

2 mol NH3
3 mol H2

Multiplying the number of moles of H2 by this factor gives the number of moles of NH3 produced:

1 mol H2 x 2 mol NH3 = 0.67 mol NH3

3 mol H2

Notice that the mole ratio is set up so that the moles of H2 cancel out, and the units that result are
moles of NH3.

Since the question asked for the mass of ammonia produced in 1.0 g of hydrogen gas, the 0.67 moles
of NH3 must be converted to grams. Since the molar mass of NH3 is 17.0 g/mol,

0.67 mol NH3 x 17.0 g NH3 = 11.39 g NH3

1 mol NH3

Therefore, 11.39 g of ammonia is produced in 1.0 g of hydrogen.

We will summarize the sequence needed to carry out stoichiometric calculations of the given problem.

?g NH3 = 1.0 g H2
1 mol H2 2 mol NH3 17.0 g NH3
1.0 g H2 1 mol H2 3 mol H2 0.67 mol NH3 1 mol NH3 11.39 g NH3

Sample Problem 2: What mass of N2 is needed to produce 3.0 g of NH3? (Refer to the reaction of
Sample Problem 1)

Step 1. Conversion of mass to mole.

Convert first the given mass of NH3 to moles. The molar mass of NH3 is 17.0 g/mol.

3.0 g NH3 x 1 mol NH3 = 0.18 mol NH3

17.0 g NH3

Step 2. Conversion using mole ratio.

In the given problem, convert between moles of N2 and moles of NH3. This can be accomplished
by looking at the balanced equation, which shows 1 mole of N 2 is needed to produce 2 moles of NH3.
The mole ratio needed is
1 mole N2
2 mole NH3
The conversion is

0.18 mol NH3 x 1 mol N2 = 0.09 mol N2

2 mol NH3

Author: Jay N. Bernat

School/Station: Agay National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
2
Step 3. Conversion of mole to mass of the required product.
Using the molar mass of N2 (28.0 g/mol), we calculate the mass of N2 required:

0.09 mol N2 x 28.0 g N2 = 2.52 g N2

1 mol N2

We will again summarize the sequence of steps needed to carry out stoichiometric calculation of the
given problem.

?g NH3 = 3.0 g NH3 1 mol N2 28.0 g N2

1 mol NH3
17.0 g NH3 0.18 mol NH3 2 mol NH3 0.09 mol N2 1 mol N2 2.52 g NH3

Please refer also Figure 1 for your guide in doing stoichiometric calculations.

Balanced chemical equation

Find appropriate
mole ratio

Moles of desired substance

Moles of known substance

Convert Use mole ratio Convert

Mass of Moles of Moles of Mass of
to moles known to convert desired to grams desired
known
substance substance substance substance

Figure 1. Calculating Masses of Reactants and Products in Chemical Reactions

Source: Zumdahl, Steven & Susan Zumdahl (2014). Chemistry, Ninth Edition. California, USA, Brooks Cole, n.d. (108-113).

Author: Jay N. Bernat

School/Station: Agay National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
3
 Activity. Stoichiometry: Chemical Arithmetic

Learning Objectives:
1. Balance the chemical equations that describe the reactions.
2. Use stoichiometric relationships to calculate the mass of the required product or reactant
given the mole or mass of another substance in the equation.

What you need: Periodic Table of Elements, pen and paper

Part A
What to do: For each equation and reactant shown, identify the stoichiometric ratio and calculate
the mass of the product produced. Make sure that the equations are balanced. Refer
to the steps given above.

Table 1. Calculating the Mass Product Produced

No. Chemical Equation Reactant Stoichiometric Product
Ratio Produced
e.g. S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g) 2.35 moles S 1 mol SO2 150.42 g SO2
1 mol S
1 KCN(aq) + HCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + HCN(g) 1.09 g HCl _______ g HCN
2 2 NO(g) + O2 (g) → 2 NO2 (g) 6.50 moles O2 _________g NO2
3 Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) → SiCl4(l) 4.1 moles Cl2 ________g SiCl4
4 2 NH3(g) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(aq) 0.00568 g NH3 ____ g (NH4)2SO4
5 3 H2(g) + N2(g) → 2NH3(g) 0.03445 g H2 __________g NH3

Guide Questions:
1. Why is it important that the chemical equation is balanced?
2. How will you convert the amount of product produced from mole to mass?

Part B
What to do: Read and analyze the given chemical equation of the reaction.
The combustion of methane gas (CH4) produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O).
Below is the complete balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)

Calculate:
1. Mass of CO2 produced from the burning of 1.0 g CH4 .
2. Mass of O2 needed to react completely with 1.0 g CH4 .
3. Mass of CO2 produced if there is 1.0 g O2 .
Note: Express your answers in 2 significant figures.

Scoring Rubric for Activity:

10 – All aspects of the solution are completely accurate and have shown a step-by-step process
in determining the correct final answer.
7 – Solution is completely accurate but did not show a step-by-step process in determining the
correct final answer.
5 – Solution has made minor computational errors but still get the correct final answer.
3 – Errors in computation were serious enough to flaw the solution.

Author: Jay N. Bernat

School/Station: Agay National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
4
Reflection:
You are making cookies and are missing a key ingredient – eggs. You have most of the other
ingredients needed to make the cookies, except you have only 1.33 cups of butter and no eggs. You
note that the recipe calls for two cups of butter and three eggs to make six dozen cookies. You call a
friend and have him bring you some eggs.
a. How many eggs do you need?
b. If you use all the butter and get enough eggs, how many dozens of cookies will you make?

Rubrics for Guide Questions and Reflection:

3 –Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts and has no misconception.
2 - Explanation is scientifically consistent with the concepts but with minimal misconception.
1 –Explanation is consistent with the concepts but with misconceptions.

References for learners:

Book:
Zumdahl, Steven & Susan Zumdahl (2014). Chemistry, Ninth Edition. California, USA, Brooks Cole,
n.d. (108-113).

Electronic Source:
Chapter 3 Practice Worksheet: Formulas, Equations, and Moles: Part II. Accessed on July 25, 2021
from
https://web.gccaz.edu/~jaszi38221/2014/Spring/CHM%20151%20Practice%20Worksheets.../Ch
%203b%20Practice%20Wkst%20Spring%202010%20Key.pdf

Worksheet 7.1 Stoichiometric Calculations. Accessed on July 25, 2021 from

https://studylib.net/doc/8265912/worksheet-7.1-stoichiometric-calculations

Answer Key

Author: Jay N. Bernat

School/Station: Agay National High School
Division: Agusan del Norte
email address: jay.bernat001@deped.gov.ph
5