SINCOR

Project Title: SINCOR, C. A. Document CLASS: 01 1060-13-00-1602-ET-001

UPSTREAM SURFACE FACILITIES PROJECT Page /File: 1/551511786.doc
Rev./Date: G-0 / NOV.-27-98

SINCOR, C.A.
UPSTREAM SURFACE FACILITIES PROJECT
PMT ENGINEERING SINCOR, C.A.
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DESIGN

REVISION INDEX:

This document consists of the following number of pages: 67

REV. DATE PAGES REASON FOR ISSUE

A-0 AUG. 04, 1997 1 - 67 Issue for comments

B-0 SEP. 23, 1997 1 - 76 Issue for client approval
C-0 OCT. 15, 1997 1 - 76 Final issue
D-0 -- -- Not Issued
E-O -- -- Not issued
F-0 MAR.02, 1998 1 - 76 Final Issue / Approved for Tender
F-1 JULY, 28, 1998 1 - 76 Re-issued (amendments highlighted)
G-0 NOV, 27, 1998 1 - 79 Issued for comments

***Please note- This document number formerly was 1020-1300-1602-ET-001***

DISCIPLINE APPROVAL MANAGEMENT APPROVAL

PREPARED BY: CHECKED BY: APPROVED BY: APPROVED BY: APPROVED BY: APPROVED BY:
ANDRES GONZALEZ SANTIAGO CUESTA JAMES ROUTLEDGE NICK BAKER ALERT GAARD
ELECTRICAL ENG ELECTRICAL ENG ELECTRICAL LEAD ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGER
MANAGER

27/11 /1998 / /19 / /19 / /19 / /19 / /19

CONTENTS

SECTION Nº PAGE

1. SCOPE

2. DESIGN BASIS

3. CODES AND REGULATIONS

4. ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS

5. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

6. CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

7. ENCLOSURES AND TYPE OF MECHANICAL PROTECTION

8. INSTALLATION TYPE SELECTION

9. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

10. POWER TRANSFORMERS

11. SMALL DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMERS

12. SWITCHGEAR

13. MOTOR AND MOTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

13.1. Motors (HV,LV)

13.2. Motor control equipment

14. RELAYING AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

15. ALARMS

16. LIGHTING
17. LIGHTING PANELS

18. WELDING AND CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLES

19. WIRING METHODS

20. BURIED CABLE SYSTEMS

21. CABLE TRAYS

22. CONDUIT

23. CABLES

24. GROUNDING

25. INSTRUMENT WIRING

26. UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)

27. EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION

28. CATHODIC PROTECTION

29. AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS

30. ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACE

31. FIRE ALARM AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

32. TELEPHONE SYSTEMS

33. PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM AND CODE CALLS

34. WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

35. ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION COMMUNICATION

36. SUBSTATION BUILDINGS AND SWITCHROOMS

37. ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTS

38. INSPECTION

39. STANDARDIZATION
1 SCOPE
This specification covers the general requirements for the equipment, materials and
design of the electrical installation for the extraction of Net Heavy Crude Oil of 202.500
BOPSD (Barrels of Oil per Stream Day), to be delivered through a 21 km to the
PETROZUATA SINERGY Pipeline facilities. It is intended that this specification shall
be supplemented by one line diagrams and a specific write-up for each project.

2 DESIGN BASIS
The electrical installation shall be designed to provide:

- Safety to personnel

- Maximum reliability, Flexibility and ease of maintenance

- Provisions for future requirements as hereinafter specified

- A selective system of protective devices

- Equipment with adequate interrupting capacity, continuous current capacity and

insulation levels, all as required by system voltages.

3 CODES AND REGULATIONS

Except where indicated otherwise in this specification, the design, equipment,
materials, and installation thereof, shall conform to as a minimum, the applicable
requirements of the latest edition of the following standards and codes:

- International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

- European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC)

- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

- National Electrical Code (NFPA #70)

- American Petroleum Institute (API)

- Venezuelan Código Eléctrico Nacional, COVENIN 200 (awaiting of COVENIN

from NEC 1990 to NEC 1996 that includes IEC zone classification)

- Código Nacional de Seguridad en Instalaciones de Suministro de Energía

Eléctrica y de Comunicaciones, Norma COVENIN 734. This document is
based in the National Safety Code of ANSI C2.

- Comité Venezolano de Normas Industriales (COVENIN)

 - Local codes and standards

Other recognized National Codes and Standards will be accepted, provided the
electrical installation and equipment based on such documents are at least equal to
those conforming to the standards listed above.

All equipment and material shall be designed, manufactured and tested by the
governing standards and regulations of the country of manufacture. In general, in
case of conflict, the recommendations of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) shall govern for equipment manufactured. manufactured outside
the USA, while NEMA shall govern for equipment manufactured in the USA.

The electrical system and its equipment shall conform with the applicable
requirements and related guidance notes of the following:

1) Statutory requirements of the Venezuelan Government

2) Certifying authorities

3) Project specifications

4) IEC

In general, Statutory and Certifying Authority requirements shall have precedence

over all others.

4 ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS
A. Engineering Documents by Contractor and/or by Vendor

The following documentation shall form part of the electrical engineering work
and shall be furnished as a minimum, but not be limited to:

a) Classification of hazardous locations.

b) One line diagrams for DC and AC power circuits, including metering &
protective relaying.

c) One line diagrams for instrument power supplies.

d) Electrical equipment specifications & material requisitions (MR).

e) Schematic and wiring diagrams.

f) Connection and interconnection diagrams.

g) Load data list and load computation for different plant conditions, including
DC loads and instrument loads.
 h) Short circuit calculations (maximum and minimum values), including motor
contribution to short circuit.

i) Voltage profile calculations for steady state and for re-acceleration, including
the starting of large motors, derived from load flows

j) Cable schedule.

k) Tabular forms for relay data.

l) Relay coordinating study.

m) Underground cable layouts.

n) Aboveground cable layouts.

o) Lighting layouts and wiring diagrams.

p) Substation layouts.

q) Communication layouts and wiring diagrams.

r) Fire alarm layouts and wiring diagrams.

s) Earthing drawings and calculation of earthing system design.

t) List of bulk material (including list of Material Requisitions).

u) Cable sizing calculations

v) AC+DC UPS sizing calculations including batteries

w) Electrical system operation Philosophy and Black start procedure

x) Lightning Study

y) Lighting calculations

z) Harmonic and power factor correction study

aa) General Requirements for Engineering Documents

bb) Electrical symbols shown on drawings and diagrams shall be in accordance
with IEC Recommendation, Publication 617.

cc) Metric system and letter symbols in accordance with IEC Recommendation,
Publication 27 and IEC Recommendation, Publication 164

dd) Exception to metric system shall be for conduit size which shall be
expressed in inches.
 ee) Where necessary, the phase relation of conductors and the phase shift
through transformers shall be indicated with hour numbers in
accordance with IEC Recommendation, Publication 152.

ff) Generally conductors and terminals on multiwire diagrams, schematic and

wiring diagrams should be identified with alphanumeric notation as per
IEC Recommendation, Publication 445.
gg) Other Job Specifications
The latest editions and revisions of the following Job Specifications form an
integral part of this Job Specifications:
Electrical Field Inspection and Testing
Electrical Building Facilities
Electrical Switchboard
Power Transformers
Medium Voltage Switchgear
Medium Voltage Motor Control Center
Low Voltage Motor Control Centers
Battery, Charger and DC Distribution Panel
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Power Cable 5kV-35kV
Neutral Grounding Resistors
Dry-Type Power Transformers up to 1500 kVA
Electrical Requirements for Package
Equipment
Electrical Monitoring and Control System
Cathodic Protection
Fire & Alarm Systems for Buildings
Soil Resistivity Measurement.
Prefabricated Electrical Center.
Public Address and Alarm System.
Metal Enclosed Bus Duct, All Voltages
Variable Frequency Drive.

5 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

Equipment and materials shall be selected in accordance with Recommendations and
Standards issued by International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and/or European
Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization-EN (CENELEC). Also equipment and
 material manufactured in accordance with NEC, NEMA, IPCEA, (USA standards) shall
be accepted.

6 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS

The classification of locations with regard to hazard of explosion or fire and selection
of suitable type installation must be in accordance with IEC 79-10 Electrical Apparatus
for Explosive Gas Atmosphere.

A. Material, machinery and equipment with any type of protection against the
hazard of explosion, or fire, shall be designed, manufactured and tested in
accordance with the IEC. In the case that standards of the country of origin
differ from the IEC Recommendations, it is Contractor’s responsibility to
verify the suitability of materials in relation to the actual application.

B. Official Marking and Certification

C. The equipment and materials to be installed in hazardous locations shall

have as a minimum types of protection as required by IEC.

D. Equipment and materials furnished shall be labeled, listed, certified,

accepted or otherwise determined to be safe for the use intended by
internationally recognized testing laboratory, such as, UL (USA),
BASEEFA (UK) and those listed in the CENELEC document C 149
shall be accepted.

E. Electrical equipment and materials shall be suitably protected for the

environmental conditions of the plant site.

C. Type of Protection Marking

The type of adopted protection shall be marked on materials in accordance

with applied standard and using the symbols indicated on IEC
Recommendations-Publication 34-5, 79-0, 947-1 and 298, whichever
applicable.

D. Installation

a) For installation purposes, articles including but not limited to the following
shall be applicable: IEC 79-14 Electrical Installation in Explosive Gas
Atmosphere (other than mines).

b) Definitions

c) Hazardous area

An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present, or may be

expected to be present, in quantities such as to require special
 precautions for the construction, installation and use of electrical
apparatus.

d) Non-hazardous area

An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not expected to be

present in quantities such as to require special precautions for the
construction, installation and use of electrical apparatus.

e) Zones

Hazardous areas are classified in zones based upon the frequency of the
appearance and the duration of an explosive gas atmosphere as follows:

- Zone 0

- An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously

or is present for long periods.

- Zone 1

- An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in

normal operation.

- Zone 2

An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to

occur in normal operation and if it does occur it will exist for a
short period only.

7 ENCLOSURES AND TYPE OF MECHANICAL PROTECTION

A. General

Material, equipment and machinery shall be as hereinafter specified and shall

comply with requirements dictated by the classification of the environment and of
the hazardous location in which they are to be installed. Materials shall conform
to the standards called for.

B. General Purpose Enclosures

C. Enclosures shall be classified as specified in the following, in relation to:

- Protection of persons against contacts with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure,

- Protection of equipment against ingress of foreign bodies,

- Protection of equipment against ingress of liquids.

 Definitions of degree of mechanical protection shall be in accordance with
IEC Recommendations:

- Publications 947 -”Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear”.

- Publication 298 -”AC metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear for rated

voltages above 1 kV and up to and including 52 kV”.

- Publication 34-5 -”Classification of degree of protection provided by

enclosures for rotating machines”.

- Publication 529 -”Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP

Code)”.

- Publication 144 -”Degrees of protection of enclosures for low voltage

switchgear and controlgear”.

b) Rotating Electrical Machines

Enclosures shall be of one of the following types:

- For indoor dry location - IP 23

- For outdoor totally enclosed, fan - IP 55

cooled (460 Volts or 6.6kV)

Terminal boxes shall be with protection degree not less than IP 55 or with
the protection required for the machine itself, whichever is higher.

c) Low Voltage Equipment

This group of equipment shall include low voltage switchgear and control
centers, push-button stations, lighting fixture, terminal and junction boxes,
communication equipment and alike.

For communication equipment, other kinds of protection equivalent to these

specified may be used.

Reference shall be made to IEC Recommendation, Publication 947.

- External enclosures shall be one of the following types:

- protected against contact with live or moving parts inside the

enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 2.5 mm and
against drops of water: IP 31,
 - protected against contact with live or moving parts inside the
enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and
against drops of water: IP 41,

- protected against contact with live moving parts inside the

enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and
against splashing water: IP 44,

- protected against contact with live or moving parts inside the

enclosure with objects of thickness greater than 1 mm and
against jets of water: IP 45,

- complete protection against contact with live or moving parts

inside the enclosure and protection against harmful deposits of
dust and against splashing water: IP 54,

- complete protection against contact with live or moving parts

inside the enclosure and protection against harmful deposits of
dust and against jets of water: IP 55.

- Prevention of access to internal parts of the enclosures shall be

provided by means of fixed barriers or screens, having mechanical
degree not less than IP 30.

Where it is necessary to make provision for removal of barriers,

opening of enclosures or withdrawals of parts of enclosures (doors,
casings, lids, covers and the like), removal, opening or withdrawal shall
necessitate the use of a tool. The use of key locks shall be considered
as a single handle or knob; only the use of padlocks shall be
considered equivalent of accessibility.

- Accessibility to internal parts of the enclosures, where needed for

occasional handling (such as replacing of fuses, lamps, setting or
resetting of relays etc.) shall be permitted only if one of the following
protective measures is assured:

- Automatic deenergization of all power and control circuits, except

circuits at a voltage level lower than 24 Volts AC or 36 Volts DC
which have to be of the safety extra low voltage (SELV) type.

- Permanent protection of live parts. Removal, opening or withdrawal

of barriers may be by means of handles, knobs and alike, without
the use of a tool.

- Deenergization of all live parts behind the barrier or enclosure shall be by

means of an interlocking device. Restoration of the supply shall
only be possible after replacement of barriers or reclosure of the
enclosure. Removal, opening or withdrawal shall initiate automatic
switching-off before live parts behind the barrier or enclosure can be
touched accidentally.
 - A second barrier with mechanical protection degree not less than IP 30
shall prevent contact with live parts, which might be accessible after
opening of doors or removal or withdrawal of barriers.

d) Medium voltage (>1000 V) metal-clad switchgear and metal-enclosed

control centers. Reference shall be made to IEC Recommendation,
Publications 947 and 298. Enclosures’ accessibility shall be as specified
above for low voltage equipment, in addition:

- external covers shall have degree of protection not less than IP 31,

- internal partitions which may be accessible without use of a tool shall

have a degree of protection not less than IP 30,

- grates and wire screens for ventilation and gas venting shall have
openings not greater than 2.5 mm and shall not be located in
correspondence to live parts.

C. Type of Protection of Enclosures and Apparatus for Use in Hazardous Locations

D. Temperature Class of Material Equipment and Enclosures

All material, equipment and enclosures of any electrical apparatus to be

used within hazardous locations shall be classified with a temperature class,
with regard to the maximum permitted surface temperature and to the
minimum ignition temperature of the substances which may be present.

Temperature classes shall be in accordance with IEC Recommendation,

Publication 79-0. A reduction coefficient of 0.8 must be applied to ignition
temperature values determined with methods other than IEC,
Recommendation Publication 79-4.

b) Intrinsically Safe Apparatus (Ex-I).

An intrinsically safe apparatus is an apparatus so constructed that when

connected and used in the prescribed conditions, any sparking that may
occur therein or in the circuit associated therewith is incapable of causing
ignition of the specified flammable gas or vapor. Intrinsically safe apparatus
are classified into two categories, defined as stated by IEC Publication 79-
11:

- category “ia” - apparatus which are incapable of causing ignition in

normal operation or with a single fault, or with any combination of
two faults, applied with the specified safety factors,

- category “ib” - apparatus which are incapable of causing ignition in

normal operation or with a single fault applied, with the specified safety
factors.

c) Explosion Proof Enclosure (Ex-d)

 Explosion proof enclosures (flameproof enclosures)for electrical apparatus
shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC Recommendation,
Publication 79, Part 1.

d) Pressurized Enclosure (Ex-p)

Pressurized enclosures for electrical apparatus shall comply with the

requirements set forth by IEC Recommendation, Publication 79, Part 0 and
2.

e) Increased Safety (Ex-e)

Increased safety electrical apparatus shall comply with the requirements set
forth by IEC Recommendation, Publication 79, Part 7.

f) Oil Immersed Apparatus (Ex-o)

Oil immersed apparatus shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC
Recommendation, Publication 79, Part 6.

g) Sand Filled Apparatus (Ex-q)

Sand filled apparatus shall comply with the requirements set forth by IEC
Recommendation, Publication 79, Part 5.

h) Hermetically Sealed Apparatus

Low voltage arcing or sparking devices, such as pressure switches,

temperature switches and alike, may be hermetically sealed type provided
they comply with the Codes and regulations of the country of origin.

i) Cast-Resin Compounded Apparatus

Static apparatus, such as small transformers, capacitors, reactors,

solid state devices etc., may be cast-resin compounded, provided that
they comply with the Codes and regulations of the country of origin.

j) Non-Sparking Motors (Ex-n)

This type of construction applies only to three phase squirrel-cage

induction motors without brushes, switching mechanism etc.

Mechanically and electrically non-sparking three phase motors are

general purpose motors, which in normal operating conditions,
including starting and reacceleration with the specified supply and
service conditions, do not produce arcs or sparks or excessive
temperatures on external surfaces capable of igniting the explosive
mixture which may be present in the surrounding atmosphere.
 For details refer to Low Voltage and Medium Voltage Motors
specification.

k) Vapor Tight Lighting Fixtures

Vapor tight lighting fixtures are completely enclosed and gasketed

fixtures in which the operating temperatures of any part of the fixture or
lamp must not exceed 80% of the ignition temperature of the explosive
mixture which may be present.

The mechanical protection corresponds to IP 55.

l) Approved Type Apparatus

Approved type apparatus are apparatus for which the suitability of

safety provisions is recognized by a testing station.

D. Certification of Equipment for Use in Hazardous Locations

Electrical material, equipment and machinery to be installed in hazardous

locations shall be suitable for the particular location in which they are located.

a) Material, equipment and machinery with any of the following type of

protection:

- Ex-ia,b intrinsically safe apparatus

- Ex-d explosion proof enclosure

- Ex-e increased safety

- Ex-p pressurized enclosure

- Ex-o oil-immersed apparatus

- Ex-q sand-filled apparatus

- approved type apparatus

shall be furnished with prototype test reports issued by a testing station

recognized by the country of origin national authority.

Vendors shall produce routine acceptance test protocols as specified by the

applied standard and/or code.

Above listed materials shall be marked as specified by the IEC

Recommendation, Publication 79, Part 0, whichever is applied.
 b) Hermetically sealed apparatus and cast-resin compound apparatus shall be
furnished complete with certificate relevant to the suitability of equipment to
the specified installation conditions, issued by Vendor or by an appropriate
testing station or authority.

8 INSTALLATION TYPE SELECTION

In general, the type of protection required and recognized as suitable for a kind of
environment and for a classified hazardous location may also be used where less
heavy conditions exist.

A. Selection With Regard to Environment

B. Outdoor Installation

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 55

Low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less than IP 55.

C. Protected outdoor installations or indoor in wet and/or dusty rooms.

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54
or IP W 24.

Low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54.

D. Indoor Installations

- Indoor Installations in Wet and/or Moist Location

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP 54

or IP W 24.

Medium and low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less
than IP 34.

- Indoor Installation in Dry Location

Rotating electrical machines shall be with enclosure not less than IP

23. The use of protection IP 22 shall be limited only to equipment to be
installed inside electrical rooms (rooms where only skilled electrical
operators have access).

Medium and low voltage equipment shall be with enclosure not less
than IP 31.

Exception shall be considered for high voltage neutral grounding

resistors, which shall have enclosures not less than IP 21.

B. Selection in Relation to the Classification of Hazardous Locations

Unless otherwise specified, the minimum degree of mechanical protection of
enclosures shall be that specified in relation to the environment.

a) Zone 0 locations

Power and control equipment shall not be installed; only

instrumentation circuits may be installed with protection type Ex-ia.

b) Zone 1 locations

In general, electrical equipment and wiring material shall be furnished, as

required by IEC, with the following specific interpretations and additions:

- Equipment shall have protection type Ex-ia, or Ex-ib, Ex-d or Ex-e or Ex-p
or be approved type apparatus.

- For protection type Ex-p, if the pressurizing medium is air, the air intake
shall be located outside of locations classified Zone 1, at a distance
in all directions of at least 3 m. Apertures provided for the control of
out-flow of pressurizing medium to the external atmosphere shall be
located outside of locations classified Zone 1.

The supply of the pressurizing medium to enclosures which shall

remain in service also if the prescribed overpressure falls under 5
mm water gauge shall be by means of a dual system and shall have
pressure-measuring devices for the operation of an alarm in the
control room and trip devices whenever the pressure within the
casing falls below the permitted minimum.

If one of the two pressurizing systems fails, an alarm shall sound in

the control room; if the second system fails the equipment shall be
automatically deenergized.

- Three phase squirrel cage induction motors shall be type Ex-d, Ex-e, or
Ex-p, suitable for specified temperature class.

c) Zone 2 Locations

In general, electrical equipment and wiring materials shall conform to the

requirement of IEC, with the following specific interpretation and additions.

- Equipment which may produce arcs or sparks or excessive temperatures

in normal operating conditions shall have protection type Ex-ia, Ex-
ib, Ex-d, Ex-e, Ex-p, Ex-o, Ex-q, hermetically sealed or shall be
approved type apparatus (equipment complying with the
requirements for Zone 1 area).

- Three phase squirrel cage induction motors shall be type Ex-d, Ex-e, Ex-
p, or Ex-n suitable for specified temperature class.
 - Synchronous motors shall be as above specified for induction motors,
except motors with slip rings shall be provided with enclosed slip
ring housing with positive pressure purging, using clean air or inert
gas, Ex-p.

- Non-sparking equipment as oil immersed or dry type transformers,

resistors, lighting fixtures, meters, junctions boxes, communication
equipment etc., shall be with protection type not less than Ex-e or as
specified for Zone 1 locations.

- Lighting fixtures may also be vapor tight type suitable for the specified
temperature class and with enclosure not less than IP 55.

- For equipment located in hazardous areas, in addition to meeting the

equipment enclosure protection as specified above, maximum
surface temperature shall not exceed the auto-ignition temperature
of the gases or vapors involved per IEC. This shall be indicated by
the T Class (T1-T6) of the apparatus as defined in IEC.

- Special Non-Hazardous Locations

Electrical equipment shall be selected as specified in Section 8

(minimum-industrial grade heavy duty equipment).

- Natural Non-Hazardous Locations

Electrical equipment shall be selected only in relation to the

environment (minimum-industrial grade heavy duty equipment).

9 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

A. This specification shall be supplemented by a one line diagram. It is understood
where the one line diagram conflicts with this standard, the one line diagram
shall govern.

B. Unless otherwise specified, the distribution system shall be secondary selective.

With this system each substation is fed by dual feeders and each secondary
selective bus is served by two transformers. Single radial system may be
used for supply of non-essential loads located remotely in off-site facilities
and must be approved by owner.

The distribution system shall be designed such that electrical faults or loss
of an incoming supply are correctly and safety isolated with the minimum of
disturbance to the healthy system and ensure transient and steady state
stability.

C. Power Sources

D. The electricity power for the SINCOR UPSTREAM project shall be supplied
from on site power generation.
 E. The distribution and utilization voltages shall be as follows:
F. Primary Distribution - 34.5 kV/6.9 kV, 3-phase, 3-wire, 60 Hertz low
resistance grounded neutral.

G. Secondary Distribution - 6.9 kV, 3-phase, 3 wire, 60 Hertz, low resistance

grounded and 480 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire, 60 Hertz, solidly grounded
neutral.

H. Motors above 200 kW - 6.6 kV, 3-phase, 3-wire.

I. Motors 0.5 kW through 200 kW - 460 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire.

J. Motors less than 0.5 kW - 115 Volts, single phase, 2-wire.

NOTE:

- Motors less than 0.5 kW for process or compressor applications shall be

460 Volts, 3-phase, 3-wire.

- Extremely large motors shall be 13.2 kV, 3-phase, 3-wire connected with
34.5 kV-13.8 kV captive transformers (See one line diagram)

f) Lighting and Instrument Branch Circuits - 120 Volts, single phase (High
Pressure Sodium Lighting may use 277 or 480 Volts).

g) Motor Space Heaters - Up to 1800 Watts, 120 Volts, single phase; 1801
Watts and above, 208 Volts, single phase.

h) Other heaters - Up to 1800 Watts, 120 Volts, single phase; 1801 to 3000
Watts, 208 Volts, single phase; above 3000 Watts, 480 Volts, 3-phase.

E. Harmonic voltages can be expected for long periods at all a.c voltages due to
the operation of variable speed drives. The magnitude of the total harmonic
distortion in the voltage wave form as a percentage of the fundamental will be
limited by means of filters so as not to exceed 5% at any busbar.

10 POWER TRANSFORMERS
A. General Requirements

B. Power transformers shall conform to IEC Publication 76. In general,

transformers shall be located outdoors and shall be bus or cable
connected to secondary switchgear, depending on economics and
practicability.

C. Power transformers shall be 3-phase, mineral oil, self-cooled for outdoor

locations, and dry type for indoor locations.
 D. In general, transformers shall have delta-connected primary windings with
wye-connected secondary windings, vector group Dyn11. Secondary
neutral shall be resistance or solidly grounded depending on the
voltage.

E. For process unit substation only, one power transformer shall be fed from
one feeder circuit breaker.

F. Accessories
G. Transformers shall be provided with externally operated no-load primary tap
changers with two (2) 2 1/2% full capacity taps above and below rated
voltage.

H. Depending upon the distribution system arrangement, the transformer

primary shall be provided with one of the following:

- Terminal compartment with potheads or conduit entrances

a) Depending upon economics and practicability, the secondary terminals shall

be enclosed with one of the following:

- Terminal compartment with potheads or conduit entrances

- Suitable throat for bus duct connection

a) All other accessories shall be provided as specified in the applicable IEC

Publications for the kVA and voltage rating.

C. Protection

For protection, see section 14.C.

D. Transformer Sizing

E. Consistent with standard self-cooled transformer ratings, transformers shall

be sized on the basis of the operating kVA required under design conditions.
For radial or primary selective substations initial maximum one-hour
average load shall be below 100% of nameplate rating of the transformer
(self-cooled rating).

For secondary selective substations, the rating of each transformer shall be

that if one transformer is out of service, the remaining transformer can meet
the loading as specified below:

- 120% of maximum demand for transformers up to 10 MVA (self- cooled

type preferred)
- 120% of maximum demand for transformers greater than 10 MVA of FA
rating.
 b) Transformer Impedance

Transformers having manufacturer’s standard impedance values shall be

used except when other values are required as follows:

- To meet voltage drop limitations.

- To realize economics by the use of switchgear with lower interrupting
rating.
- Special motor starting conditions.

11 SMALL DRY-TYPE TRANSFORMERS

In general, transformers under this category may be used for the following services:

- Lighting

- Receptacles

- Instruments

- Heat Tracing

- Space Heaters

A. Basic Arrangement

B. Unless otherwise specified, transformers shall be dry type, epoxy

encapsulated, compound filled, maximum rating 45 kVA, with two (2)
5% taps full capacity below normal voltage. Transformers shall be
installed at panel locations on the basis of one for each distribution
panel.

C. All transformers shall be protected by an individual overcurrent device in the

secondary side set at no more than 125% of rated secondary current
and a primary feeder overcurrent device set at no more than 250% of
the rated primary current.

D. When furnished with an overcurrent device in the secondary connection,

transformers may be arranged for a maximum of 3 single-phase or 2 three-
phase transformers for each primary circuit breaker.

B. Alternate Arrangement

The alternate to the basic arrangement, when specified, shall be the installation
of a single transformer with a capacity suitable for the complete area or unit
requirements. In general, this transformer shall be of the same type as that
specified for Power Transformer.

C. Accessories
 Transformers for the basic arrangement or the alternate arrangement shall be
provided with standard accessories for the kVA and voltage ratings, with below
rated voltage taps, where available.

12 SWITCHGEAR
Switchgear shall be in accordance as a minimum to the following IEC standards:
IEC 298, IEC 56, IEC 129, IEC 420, IEC 427.
A. Circuit Breakers

B. Feeder circuit breakers or incoming circuit breakers supplying busses shall

have a continuous rating equal to the adjusted maximum demand to
the total load supplied from the bus, or transformer forced-cooled
rating, whichever is higher. For secondary selective substations,
adjusted maximum demand shall be determined with the bus tie
breaker closed. Bus tie circuit breakers in secondary selective
substations shall be of the same size as main circuit breaker.

C. Circuit breakers used as motor controllers shall have a continuous capacity

at least equal to 1.15 times the motor full load current for motors
having a continuous overload capability/service factor of 1.0 and 1.25
times the motor full load current for motors having 1.15 continuous
overload capability/service factor.

D. Momentary rating shall be adequate for the maximum short circuit level and
maximum number of motors operating under normal conditions with
estimated motor load which would exist when the transformer or
installed local generating capacity is loaded to its rated capacity.

E. For secondary selective substations, the interrupting and momentary ratings

shall be calculated with one incoming line breaker open and the bus tie
breaker closed.

F. Switchgear shall be considered to have no emergency overload rating

above its normal rating.

G. 1 hour maximum demands shall be the basis for switchgear continuous

ratings.

H. Medium Voltage Switchgear

I. Switchgear rated above 1000 Volts to and including 34.5 kV shall be

considered medium voltage switchgear. In general, switchgear shall
be indoor metal-clad type of Manufacturer’s standard design.
Switchgear shall conform to applicable IEC Publications. Switchgear
shall be dead-front structures with “drawout”, electrically operated
circuit breakers. Except where indicated otherwise, circuit breakers
shall be vacuum or SF6, stored energy mechanism type.
 J. In general, switchgear, unless otherwise specified, shall be used for the
following services:

- Main incoming line or transformer secondary breakers

- Tie breakers, where specified

- Feeder breakers to 6.9 kV motor control centers

- Motor controllers for motors above 3000 kW when specified

a) When switchgear is used for motor control, the following features shall be
included:

- Undervoltage protection

- The “Close” control at the switchgear shall not be operable unless the
breaker is in the “Test” position.

- Breaker shall be closed from the “Start” button adjacent to the controlled
motor. The closing circuit shall be wired across the NC contact of the
“Stop” button to prevent starting the motor when the “Stop” button is
depressed.

a) Switchgear shall include the minimum required accessories and

arrangements in accordance with the Manufacturer’s standards. The
devices shall include:

- “Antipumping”, trip-free control circuits

- Semiflush drawout type protective relays, of a type and quantity

consistent with industry standards to provide adequate protection for
the selected service.

- Current and potential transformers for metering and relaying. Potential

transformers shall be furnished with “drawout” type primary
protective fuses.

- Necessary auxiliary devices as specified in the Material Requisitions.

a) Switchgear shall be furnished with 15% spare circuit breakers fully equipped
with all protective relays and controls for future services.

b) Switchgear shall be furnished suitable for future extension on both ends and
shall be provided with floor space for 20% future cubicles.

c) Low Voltage Switchgear

 Switchgear shall be in accordance as a minimum to the following IEC standards:
IEC 144, IEC 73, IEC 157, IEC 158, IEC 292, IEC 408, IEC 439,
a) In general, switchgear for service at 1000 Volts and below shall be free
standing, dead-front steel structures for indoor installation and shall comply
with IEC requirements. Except where indicated otherwise, circuit breakers
shall be drawout, air type, with stored energy mechanism. When specified,
switchgear may be used for the following functions:

- Main incoming line or transformer secondary breakers

- Tie breakers, when required

- Feeder breakers to motor control centers and special purpose

switchcracks

- Motor controllers for motors rated above 200kW which are operated at
480 Volts (only when 6.9kV is not available or when it is economical to
use 480V)

a) The use of direct acting trips or integrally mounted static trip devices for
overcurrent protection shall be maximized. Protective relays and
associated current transformers shall be provided only in the event that
a selectively coordinated system cannot be achieved by using direct
acting trips.

b) Considerations will be given to the use of integrally mounted current limiting

fuses on the breaker assemblies to limit the short circuit level to users
to a level consistent with Manufacturer’s standard designs.

c) Switchgear shall be furnished with 15% spare circuit breakers fully equipped
with protection relays and controls for future services.
d) Switchgear shall be furnished suitable for future extension on both ends and
shall be provided with floor space for 20% future cubicles.

e) Switchgear Control Power

In general, 125VOLTSDC shall be used for:

a) Medium voltage circuit breakers close and trip circuits. Separate fuses shall
be provided for closed and trip circuits.

b) Low voltage incomers and bus-tie circuit breakers.

c) Automatic transfer schemes.

d) Alarm and signaling systems.

125 Volts DC control power shall be supplied from a lead acid (sealed type) or
nickel cadmium battery (two 50%) and two suitably rated 100% battery chargers.
13 MOTOR AND MOTOR CONTROL EQUIPMENT

13.1 Motors (HV,LV)

All motors shall be in accordance with IEC 34 of squirrel cage induction type,
unless specifically detailed otherwise for particular drives.
The motor shall be suitable for direct on-line starting, which shall be the
standard starting method.
All motors shall be insulated to class F with temperature rise of the machine
limited to class F insulation.
Motors shall be specified to minimize the standard frame sizes.

13.2 Motor control equipment

A. General

B. Depending upon economics and practicability, motor control equipment for

all utilization voltages shall be either indoor metal-enclosed general
purpose equipment (or outdoor special purpose equipment) and shall
comply with IEC Recommendations. When making the choice, due
consideration shall be given to the operating and maintenance
advantages of indoor general purpose equipment where there is not a
distinct economic advantage in using outdoor equipment.

C. Unless otherwise specified, motor control shall be for full voltage starting.

D. Unless protected by other means, motor overload protection shall be

provided in each phase or ungrounded conductor.

E. Motor control equipment shall include overcurrent and short circuit

protective devices to provide a minimum of 5 seconds delay at locked
rotor currents. This delay shall be reviewed and increased as required
for motors with extended acceleration periods.

F. Every motor starter shall be furnished with provisions for padlocking in the
open position. The disconnect shall always be within sight of the
controller. Unless otherwise specified, the disconnect and controller
shall be constructed as a combination motor starter unit.

G. For motors utilized above 120 Volts, the controller shall be operated from a
480-120 Volts secondary control power transformer directly connected
on the load side of the disconnect. One side of the 120 Volts
secondary shall be fused and the other side shall be grounded.

H. Motor starters for single-phase motors which are not automatically started
shall be of the manually operated type located within sight of the
motor. The enclosure shall be chosen to meet the area classification
requirements.
 I. When vacuum quench type magnetic controllers are used, they shall be
supplied with surge capacitors where required to keep transient
overvoltages, due to current chopping, within acceptable limits for the
motor.

J. Supply to spare and multiple service motors. If motors are designated as

“normal and spare”, “2 or 3 normally running”, or equivalent, or if 2 or
more motors in the same service can operate independently for partial
service (as in air cooled heat exchanger fans and paralleled cooling
water circulation pumps), then such motors shall be directly from
secondary selective busses. The supply to motors of each service shall
be divided between (or among) the busses.

K. Motor space heaters when furnished shall be controlled by an auxiliary

contact of the motor controller and wired in series with a manual
disconnect switch. Heaters shall be automatically deenergized when
the motor is running and energized when the motor is not running.
The auxiliary contact shall remain closed or be bypassed when the
motor starting device is in the test or withdraw position.

L. Indoor General Purpose

M. For motors rated 6.6 kV, 3000 kW and below, the motor control equipment
shall be drawout magnetic contactor type with current limiting fuses or
equivalent equipment. If economics dictate, the motor control
equipment for the kW ratings listed below may be of the drawout
magnetic contactor type, 1-high construction, with current limiting
fuses:

- 6.6 kV induction and 0.8 P.F. synchronous motors - 1500 kW through

2000 kW

- 6.6 kV and 1.0 P.F. synchronous motors - 1500 kW through 2000 kW

a) For motors not controlled by magnetic contactor equipment or motors rated

6.6 kV and above 3000 kW, or where the system short circuit level
exceeds the interrupting capacity of current limiting fuses, switchgear
shall be used for motor control.

b) Motor controllers and necessary switchgear shall be furnished in a unitized

assembly.

c) For 3 phase motors rated 460 Volts, not controlled by switchgear,

manufacturer’s standard unitized free-standing cubicle type motor
control center equipment shall be furnished. In general, motor control
center equipment shall make use of fused disconnect switches or
molded case circuit breakers.

d) Outdoor Motor Control and Switchgear

 When approved on the basis of technical and economical considerations, outdoor
type switchboards may be provided.

D. Push-button Stations

E. In general, “Start-Stop” push-button stations shall be of the heavy duty,

momentary contact, universal type. Exception to the above shall be
special control circuits which require the use of maintained contact
“On-Off” control stations or “Hand-Off-Automatic” selector switches.
Regardless of the type of push-button stations, enclosures shall be
furnished suitable for the area classification.

F. In general, push-button stations shall be mounted adjacent to, and within

sight of, the controlled motor. Motors which are not located at grade
shall be furnished with an additional control station located at grade
and shall include a run light. Hermetically sealed type contacts are
preferred.

G. Control stations for multi-speed and reversing motors shall have pilot lights
to indicate their mode of operation.

H. Where electrically operated controllers are used, motors shall be controlled

by:

- “Start-Stop” control station located in sight of and near the motor, or

- Automatic devices (such as a float switch).

a) A selector shall be located in sight of and near each motor controlled by an

automatic device. Switch shall have at least 3 positions:
REMOTE/AUTO -- STOP -- LOCAL/START.

Switch shall provide the following operations:

- REMOTE/AUTO. Maintained position in which motor is started and

stopped by the automatic device.

- STOP. Maintained position in which motor is stopped and cannot be

restarted automatically or manually.

- LOCAL/START. Momentary position in which motor can be manually

started by pushing a local momentary start button

Selector switch shall have provisions for padlocking in the stop position.

a) When the selector switch bypasses safety devices in the LOCAL/START

position, a legible nameplate shall be mounted at the selector switch. The
nameplate shall be engraved as follows (red letters on white background):
WARNING --PROTECTION AGAINST
 (..describe conditions..)
BYPASSED WHEN OPERATING IN
“LOCAL/START” POSITION
This shall also be written in Spanish
g) Where remote “start/stop” control stations are provided to control a motor in
addition to the local station, a legible nameplate shall be mounted at
the local station engraved as follows (red letters on white background):

WARNING -- MOTOR CAN BE STARTED FROM REMOTE STATION.

ENSURE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT TO MOTOR IS DEENERGIZED AND
LOCKED OPEN BEFORE WORKING ON MOTOR OR DRIVEN
EQUIPMENT. This shall also be written in Spanish.

h) Control stations shall be either push-button or rotary shaft/rocker arm

operated.

i) Guards. Control stations shall be guarded against accidental operation,

either through design or by field-mounted guards. Non-actuation when
a push-button is depressed flush with the surrounding ring constitutes
adequate guarding. Except in control rooms, guarding shall not
prevent intentional operation with gloved hand.

j) Emergency stop controllers on control house panels shall meet the

following:

- Guards shall cover the operating button or arm.

- Control shall be of the maintained contact type.

- Control wiring shall run directly from the control station to the motor
controller. Wiring shall not be routed through the motor location.

14 RELAYING AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES

A. General

B. As a minimum, protective relays or direct-acting trips shall be provided for

electrical equipment as required.

C. A selective system shall be furnished insofar as practical. In accordance

with the foregoing, relays and protective devices shall be selected and
coordinated to provide a system which permits the circuit interrupting
device closes to a fault to operate first.

D. Relay settings and coordination curves for the protective devices furnished
shall be provided.
 E. Relay data shall be furnished for each adjustable relay or other protective
device as follows:

- Device symbol number, circuit to which applied and device’s instrument

transformer (if any) ratio.

- Device identification including manufacturer’s model number, time

characteristic, and ampere or voltage range.

- Device setting, calibration point, and one or more check points.

Data shall also include settings for auxiliary relays and devices, such as
timers, associated with each protective device.

a) Multifunction solid state relays are preferred. Relays shall be of proven

technology available and used in the last 2-3 years in this application.

b) Motor Protection
c) All 3-phase motors rated 1500 kW and below shall be protected against
overloads by thermal relays in each phase. Undervoltage protection
shall be provided for motors of all voltages controlled by switchgear.

d) Required devices for synchronous motors only, such as relays for field
application, excitation check, out-of-step, etc., shall be provided.

e) For motors above 600 Volts rated 1500 kW and below, the following shall be
provided in addition to the above:

- Instantaneous overcurrent ground relay. Relay shall be instantaneous

type supplied from a zero sequence window type transformer.

- Instantaneous overcurrent feature.

- One overcurrent relay for locked-rotor protection.

- High temperature alarm as specified in Low Voltage and Medium

Voltage Motors specification, for motors that have air filters.

- Thermal overload protection.

- Starting time too long protection.

- Negative sequence current protection.

- Start number limit protection.

a) For motors rated above 1500 kW, when controlled by switchgear, the
following shall be provided (for motors, controlled by contactors equivalent
protection shall be provided):
 - Three differential relays with hand reset lock-out. Unless otherwise
indicated, the differential shall use 3 window type current
transformers installed at the motor terminals in a self-balancing
differential scheme.

- One temperature responsive overload relay connected to a 100-ohm

resistance temperature detector imbedded in the motor winding.
This relay shall have provision for alarm before tripping and shall
be set to operate at a lower value.

- Phase sequence and undervoltage relay.

- Surge protection equipment at the motor terminal consisting of

combination lightning arrestors and capacitors.

- Lockout relay (hand reset) with healthy drop pilot light shall be
provided.

C. Power Transformers

Each transformer shall be provided with overcurrent protection set at no more

than 125% of rated current for transformers rated 600 Volts or less, or 250% for
transformers rated over 600 Volts.

The provisions for protection of power transformers shall depend upon the
distribution system arrangement, plot plan area, and voltage rating. In general,
protection shall be provided as follows:

a) For Power Transformers up to 5000 kVA

- Primary protection shall be provided by the following:

- Switchgear type circuit breakers equipped with 3 overcurrent and

instantaneous relays.

- One ground fault sensor relay protection.

- Fault pressure relaying shall be furnished on transformers 500

kVA or larger and shall trip primary breaker or controller.

- Temperature relay 1st step alarm, 2nd step trip primary breaker.

- Neutral backup time delay relaying. Ground fault relaying shall

be applied to substations 500 kVA or larger having low
resistance or solidly grounded neutrals. The ground fault
relaying, operating from a current transformer in the power
transformer neutral, shall trip the primary breaker or controller.

- Auxiliary lock-out relay

 - Secondary protection shall consist of a switchgear type circuit breaker
equipped with the following relays:

- Three (3) time delay phase overcurrent relays

- One time delay ground overcurrent relay fed from a current

transformer located between the power transformer neutral and
the grounding resistor (CT is also used for primary breaker
ground overcurrent relay).

a) For Power Transformers Larger than 5000 kVA

- Primary and secondary switchgear type circuit breakers.
- Three (3) time delay and instantaneous phase overcurrent relays.
- One (1) ground fault sensor relay protection.
- Two (2) time delay overcurrent relays activated from a current
transformer located between the power transformer neutral and
the grounding resistor, when applicable. One relay shall trip the
secondary breaker and, if the fault persists, a second relay shall
trip the primary breaker.
- Buchholz relay first step alarm, 2nd step trip.
- Temperature relay -1st stage alarm 2nd stage trip.
- Three (3) differential relays, activated from the current transformer
located at the primary and secondary sides of the power
transformer through the lockout relay. Differential relays shall be
of the high speed type and shall have harmonic restraint to
prevent incorrect operation by transformer magnetizing in rush
current.
- Auxiliary lock-out relays activated by ground overcurrent relay, sudden
pressure relay, and differential relays, to trip and lock-out the circuit
breakers.

D. Feeder Relaying

E. Time (short & long) and instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be
provided for feeder breakers requiring relaying except that
instantaneous tripping shall be omitted if relaying exists UPSTREAM
without significant intervening impedance. If the only UPSTREAM
protection with which the feeder relaying must coordinate is fuses,
instantaneous phase overcurrent tripping shall be furnished if
selectivity can be achieved. This requires that the instantaneous trip
setting be 70 percent of the peak let-through current of the largest
anticipated fuse, and that fuse be current limiting at the fault level of
the system where it is located.
 F. Ground fault protection, energized residually or from a zero sequence
current transformer, is required or preferred as stated below for feeder
breakers requiring relaying per paragraph above:
- Required in substations with low resistance grounded neutrals.
- Preferred in all substations with solidly grounded neutrals.
a) Ground fault relay shall be instantaneous if energized from a zero sequence
current transformer and if no fuses or relays exist UPSTREAM which
can sense the same ground fault. Otherwise, time delay relays shall
be used, definite time type or the least inverse characteristic available.

b) Feeders to radial substations with transformer fault pressure relaying or

neutral backup relaying or both shall be transfer tripped through lockout
relay at the substation. The lockout relays shall be provided with
mechanical or electrical means for manual initiation. If there is no control
power battery at the radial substation, shunt type lockout relays may require
local capacitors to assist in tripping. In this case, capacitor charging shall be
provided by a local rectifier and also by pilot wire feeding through a blocking
diode from the source substation control power battery.

15 ALARMS
A. General

B. Location of alarms other than substation alarms specified in this

specification shall be located in the central control room of the plant in
which the equipment is located or serves.

C. Positive pressure ventilation alarm shall be provided for each pressure

ventilated building or room as follows:

- Alarm shall be actuated by a switch sensitive to air flow and shall give
abnormal indication whenever there is no air flow from the inside
to the outside of the building or room.

- Air flow switch shall be equal to “Dry-Sys” standard suction type

switch.

- Switch shall be mounted indoors on an outside wall approximately 2 m

above floor level. The opening to the outside shall be protected
to minimize the effect of wind and prevent entrance of water.

- Alarm shall have sufficient time delay to avoid indication during

momentary losses of air flow such as occur when the building door is
opened for entrance or exit of personnel.

B. SUBSTATION
 C. Bus tie alarms shall be provided for each secondary selective substation to
give abnormal indication whenever the breaker is closed (or open).

D. For the two incoming circuit breakers of each secondary selective

substation, a single alarm shall be provided giving abnormal indication
whenever either breaker is open.

E. Transformers rated 500 kVA and larger shall be provided with an alarm as
follows:

- Alarm shall be actuated by contacts in the liquid temperature

thermometer and shall give abnormal indication whenever the
transformer reaches its maximum self-cooled operating
temperature as indicated by the thermometer.

- An alarm for each transformer equipped with 2 float Buchholz relay, to

be actuated by slow gas accumulation.

a) For each motor whose automatic shutdown would jeopardize the safety of
personnel or cause major equipment damage. An alarm shall be
actuated as in paragraph 15.C.b or by thermal overload relay. The
overload tripping relay shall then be set at 120-140 percent of the rated
current.

b) Switchgear control power alarm shall be provided as follows:

- Control battery charger alarm shall be provided for each substation

control battery. Alarm shall be actuated when the a-c supply to
the charger fails. The device which supervises the a-c supply
shall be connected to the load side of the protective device or
switch (including devices internal to the charger) closest to the
charger in the supply circuit.

- Ground fault alarm actuated by contacts in the control power system

ground detector.

- A single control power loss alarm actuated by contacts of normally

energized supervisory relay mounted within the switchgear assemblies
and energized from the main control power busses. One relay shall be
provided for each main control power bus in each switchgear
assembly.

a) A flag-drop panel or group of alarm units shall be located in the substation

to supervise each of the substation alarm conditions.

b) A single alarm shall be located in the unit control house or room to

supervise substation alarm conditions described above if applicable.

c) Alarms for Motors over 1500kW

d) Motor alarms shall be provided as follows:

 - Bearing high temperature

- Winding high temperature

- Air (or gas) low pressure (pressurized motor enclosure, pressurized

commutator, forced ventilated motor enclosure, forced ventilated
commutator or slip ring enclosure).

- Water leakage (TEWAC enclosure having double tube cooler inside

the motor enclosure).

- Water high or low flow (TEWAC enclosure).

- “Motor-off” (when applicable).

- Water high temperature (TEWAC enclosure).

- Oil low pressure.

- Overspeed.

- Vibration.

- Oil low level.

- Water low level (TEWAC enclosure).

a) Operating sequence of “motor off” alarm shall be:

- Motor running - light out and horn silent.

- Motor shutdown from control station - light on steady and horn

sounding.

- Motor shutdown by other means - light on and flashing, and horn

sounding.

16 LIGHTING
A. Lighting Design

B. The lighting system shall be designed utilizing the minimum number of

fixtures consistent with the illumination levels specified below.

C. Lighting fixtures shall not be located directly over equipment with exposed
moving parts.

D. The lighting design for outdoor facilities shall be based on the maximum use
of flood lighting supplemented with fluorescent luminaries for specific
purposes on process areas
 E. All outdoor lighting shall be photocell controlled with a manual override.

F. Light fixtures & receptacles shall not be connected to the same circuit.
Gauge glass lights and sight glass illuminators shall be fed from the
receptacle panel.

G. In general, circuits shall be switched from lighting panels. The use of local
switches shall be kept to a minimum.

H. Branch circuits using a common neutral conductor shall be arranged for

minimum current in the neutral conductor.

I. Since the requirement for aviation obstruction lighting is dependent upon

location and conditions of a specific site, no provision is made for such
lighting within this standard. If specified, aviation lighting shall be per
FAA regulations, Part 77, Subchapter B. FAA form 7460-1 shall be
prepared and submitted to the appropriate FAA office prior to
commencement of construction.

J. Lighting Levels

The lighting system shall be designed for the average initial illumination values
tabulated below and per COVENIN 2249-93, “Iluminancias recomendadas en
tareas y ambientes de trabajo”, whichever is more conservative:

Illumination levels for various areas appear on next page table.

AREA TYPE LEVEL WORK
(Lux) PLANE
Control Rooms
Control Rooms General 300 Floor
Control Rooms Rear of Panel 150 1200 mm*
Control Rooms Instrumentation Panels 500 Horizontal centerline
control desk of vertical surface
Electrical Switchboard Room General 300 Ground
Electrical Switchboard Room Rear 300 Ground
Electrical Switchboard Room Isle 300 Ground
Switchgear room and technical room
Transformer and Outdoor Switchgear 100 Ground
Areas
Indoor Area 150 Floor
Cable vault 15 Floor
Process Areas
Pump and Compressor Rooms Indoors 150 Floor
Pump Rows, Valves, Manifolds, 100 Ground
compressor group, separator Outdoor
Main Operating Platforms 70-85 Floor
Ordinary Platforms 35 Floor
Exchanger Areas (tube bundle removal) 80 Ground
Ladders and stairs 45 Floor
Refrigeration tower Material area 80 at grade
Metering, instruments, Local boards 150 1.6 mm
General Yard Area/Storage area(tanks 20 Ground
ladders),manifold area
Fire water pumphouse 150 Floor
Facilities Areas
Furnace and Boiler Area 50 Ground
Outdoor Operational Areas 85 Ground
Compressor operating areas 150 1000 mm
Workshop - Interior Generally 300 Ground
Workshop - Exterior 50 Ground
Metering, instruments, local boards 160 vert. 1600 mm
Tank Farms, ladders, gauge area 15 Ground
Administrative and sanitary rooms
WC 150 Floor
Corridors and stairs 250 Floor
Tea rooms 350 Floor
Offices 500 760 mm*
Drawing Offices 700 Ground
Street lighting
Main road 6-12 at grade
Secondary road 3-12 at grade
AREA TYPE LEVEL WORK
(Lux) PLANE
Ordinary parking 2-6 at grade
Building yard 10-20 at grade
Fences /Security Lighting 3-12 at ground level
Outdoor ways and access to buildings 3-12 Floor
Emergency lighting
In General Areas 10 Ground
In Switchroom & control room 45 Ground
Loading Area
General area 75-85 At grade
Tank car loading point 250 1000 mm
Storage and stores
Bulk storage indoor 80 Floor
Bulk storage outdoor 10 At grade

* Elevation from floor

C. Lighting Fixtures

D. The selecting of the type of lighting fixtures, incandescent or fluorescent

indoor, mercury vapor, color corrected high pressure sodium (HPS) or
fluorescent outdoors, shall be governed by economics. HPS is
preferred for outdoor locations and high ceiling indoor locations. Use of
incandescent fixtures will be kept to a minimum.

E. Where required, general lighting for open areas within hazardous and non-
hazardous areas shall be by means of 1000, 400 or 250, watt high
pressure sodium (HPS) floodlight luminaries mounted on adjacent
structures or on strategically located floodlight columns. High mast
floodlighting installation shall also be used where appropriate.

F. High bay type 250 or 400 watt high pressure sodium fixtures shall be used
in appropriate non-hazardous locations such as warehouses,
workshops etc.

G. Lighting in industrial buildings such as substations, canteens, etc. shall be

by industrial type ceiling or trunking mounted, twin lamp, fluorescent
luminaries.

H. Lighting in administration building offices, instrument rooms and similar

locations shall be by flush ceiling mounted fluorescent luminaries of a
type compatible with the building architectural finishes. Control Room
luminaries shall be of the low glare mirror optic type.

All lighting fixtures shall be approved for use in the area classifications
where they are listed.
I. HPS fixtures shall have high power factor, constant wattage ballasts and
color-corrected lamps.

J. In general, suitable rapid-start fluorescent lamp fixtures shall be used for

low ceiling indoor areas requiring high illumination levels such as
offices and control rooms. Fluorescent ballasts shall be "Class P",
filled with a thermosetting compound.

K. Lighting fixtures with the exception of floodlights, shall be equipped with a

gasketed globe (or lens) and guard for the following locations:

- Outdoor process area

- Pump rows

- Compressor or pump houses

- Outdoor areas of boiler, power, and water treating plants

- Loading racks

- Marine trestles and piers

a) Fixture location shall allow safe and convenient relamping and cleaning. In
no case shall lighting fixtures be located directly over equipment
having exposed moving parts.

b) Fixtures for grade lighting and top platforms on towers and structures shall
be equipped with reflectors while all other outdoor fixtures shall be
equipped with guards.

c) If poles or towers are used, they shall be of metal or concrete construction

depending on economics. Steps or rungs are required when height of
pole or tower is over 10 m.

d) In hazardous areas, switches shall be suitable for the area classification. In

non-hazardous areas, local switches may be of watertight or general
purpose construction, according to local conditions.

e) Vertical surface illumination of instrument panels shall be obtained by the

use of fixtures especially designed for the purpose, with adjustable
lamp setting for beam control, and prismatic lens.

f) Lighting for instrument consoles provided with CRT displays shall be such
that glare should be avoided.

g) Standby lighting consisting of fluorescent fixtures with quick restrike ballast

will be placed at the center of pipe racks in process areas and at the
top, landing and bottom of ladders and stairways of operating platform
in a sufficient number to provide adequate illumination for safe
personnel egress from operating platform and process areas.
h) All lighting on tall equipment, such as towers or columns, shall be provided
with a switch at ground level.

i) In general, lights shall be controlled by their circuit breakers or switches in

the panelboard.

- However, for the control of lamp groups in individual rooms of a

process building, or where otherwise necessary, local lighting
switches shall be provided.

- Street lighting and lighting for outdoor operating areas which are not
continuously attended, shall be automatically controlled (2-wire
system) by photocell. An auto-on-off selector switch shall be
located at the controller location to permit manual control of the
lighting.

a) Normal and emergency lighting, shall be supplied, according to the following

criteria.

- For large outdoor areas 100% Lighting shall consist on floodlighting

and road lighting luminaries fed from normal power source. No
emergency lighting. General lighting for process areas shall also be
floodlight.

- For Process Areas fluorescent luminaries shall be used. 60% of

localized fluorescent luminaries shall be fed from normal power
source, 25% shall be fluorescent fed from emergency generation
(Tanks, operation areas) and 15% shall be battery backed ,connected
from emergency generation source (This lighting shall be located in
escape routes, ladders, platforms and close to safety related devices).

- For the accommodation camp and prefabricated buildings at the

process area, 30% of the fluorescent lighting fixtures shall be fed from
emergency generation source. A minimum of one backed fluorescent
backed fixture shall be consider per room.

- Exterior emergency lighting for Clusters shall include fluorescent

battery backed units for the Main gate, one at each door, one at each
VFD, one at Load Interrupter Fusible switchgear and one for each pole
pointing the disconnecting device.

b) Battery backed lighting fittings shall be used as normal lighting in normal

conditions and shall ensure sufficient illumination during turbo
generators starting sequence and process shut down sequence. They
shall be fluorescent self contained type and designed for 90 minutes
battery autonomy. Lighting fittings fed by emergency generation
source shall be of this type in the following proportion:

-Control room : 100% of the fittings fed from generation source

-Technical rooms: 60% of the fittings fed from generation source

 -Switchgear room: 60% of the fittings fed from generation source

-Fire pumphouse: 60% of the fittings fed from generation source

c) The above safety lighting luminaries shall remain lit when either the circuit
is switched “off” or the main /or emergency generation fails.

The illumination provided by these luminaries shall be adequate for

personnel safety and escape and shall function effectively on loss of
incoming supply for a period of 90 minutes.

17 LIGHTING PANELS
A. Design Consideration

B. Power distribution for outdoor lighting shall be obtained from 480-277 Volts
bus at substation TS-01 transformer located centrally within electrical
substation building.

C. Local Power Panels, outdoor-type , The secondary of this transformer shall

be connected to 480/277 bus through 3 phase 4 wire 415Y/240 Volts
feeders. Dry-type transformer 480-415Y/240 Volts shall power the AC
panel with main breaker and several 2-pole 20A branch circuit
breakers to feed outdoor lighting, three single pole breakers along with
neutral and ground will feed a disconnect switch located within process
unit supply of several light fixtures (230 Volts AC). Circuit loading shall
not exceed 18 amps. One spare circuit shall be provided for each 5
active circuits in the initial design. Each phase shall be equally loaded.

D. In hazardous areas, the local disconnect switch shall be suitable for the
area classification shall be installed. In other areas, it shall be
weatherproof or general purpose as required by location.

E. Nominal system voltage for outdoor area, flood lighting circuits, and street
lighting shall be 240 or 415 Volts.

F. Circuit loading shall not exceed 80% of the rating of the protective device.

G. Enclosures

H. Lighting panel enclosures shall be approved for use in the area classification
where they are located.

I. A permanent circuit directory shall be provided on each panelboard. Each

circuit shall be completely and legibly identified.

18 WELDING AND CONVENIENCE RECEPTACLES

A. Basis of Design
B. When specified, welding receptacles shall be furnished on the basis of
reaching any point within the unit where welding will be performed,
assuming the use of 50 meter extension cords. Welding receptacles
shall not be provided on structures.

C. Welding receptacles shall be arranged in groups of not more than 4

outlets for each welding circuit. The size of the welding power supply
feeder shall be based upon the following total continuous load:

NUMBER OF LOAD-kVA
RECEPTACLES
1 40
2 55
3 70
4 80

c) Location of welding receptacles shall be as follows:

- Grade-mounted boxes shall be located at the process unit limits.

Location shall be such that grouping of welding machines will not
congest accessways.

- Welding receptacles shall be located on platforms in process unit

structures if structure height makes it impractical to supply
welding machines from grade mounted boxes.

- The centerline elevation of receptacles above grade or platform shall

be about 1050 mm.

c) In process areas, convenience outlets shall be provided on the basis of

adequate plant coverage, assuming the use of 15 meter extension
cords. In operating offsite areas, convenience outlets shall be installed
on the basis of adequate coverage using 30 meter extension cords,
except for substations where minimum of 2 receptacles shall be
furnished. Convenience receptacles shall be arranged in groups of not
more than 6 for each 20 ampere branch circuit.

d) Power for convenience receptacles shall be obtained from 480-208Y/120

Volts AC dry type transformer centrally located within substation
building. Distribution to convenience receptacles shall be similar to
that of lighting.

e) Convenience outlets shall be provided to serve portable lights and tools for
maintenance of outdoor installations of equipment and facilities as follows:

- Within process unit areas: Outlets shall be located within 9 m of the

equipment to be serviced (tower manholes, inspection openings,
etc.), and at about 1050 mm above grade or platform.
 - Outside process areas where the equipment or facility is served with
permanent lighting:

- If lighting voltage is the same as the required outlet voltage, the

outlets shall be supplied from the lighting panel and the outlets
shall be located as in subparagraph (a) above.

- If lighting voltage is higher than the required outlet voltage, an

outlet shall be supplied from the lighting system to serve a
portable transformer (which, in turn, will supply temporary
outlets during maintenance periods).

- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI’s) on all convenience outlets

shall be provided.

- Panels serving convenience outlets are not to be switched on and off

with lighting circuit.

- Provide minimum of 10 percent or 2 each spare breakers on lighting

panels, and 20 percent or 4 each spare on outlet panels.

c) In office and control rooms, receptacle outlets shall be provided along the
walls, spaced no more than 4 meters apart, with a minimum of 2
receptacles per room.

d) Receptacle Types

e) Welding receptacles shall be rated 480 Volts, 60 Amp, 3 wire, 4 pole 3-pole,
4-wire. In hazardous locations, the welding receptacle shall be the
explosion proof circuit breaker type. In unclassified locations, the
welding receptacle shall be a weather-resistant type. Where both
types of welding receptacles are provided, the selection shall be such
that common plugs may be used with either receptacle.

f) For Zone 1 and Zone 2 locations, convenience receptacles shall be

explosion proof, delayed-action circuit breaking, factory-sealed type,
rated 250 Volts, (for 120 VOLTSAC use) 20 A, 2 wire, 3 pole 2 pole, 3
wire. Plugs shall be interchangeable for both types of receptacles.
Equipment shall be suitable for outdoor service.

g) For outdoor non-hazardous locations, weather proof receptacles rated 250

Volts, 20 A, 2 wire, 3 pole 2 pole, 3 wire shall be furnished. For indoor non-
hazardous locations, such as offices, etc., receptacles shall be 250 Volts, 20
A, 2 wire, 3 pole 2 pole, 3 wire mounted in a sheet steel box.

19 WIRING METHODS
A. General
 All power, motor feeders, control circuits, lighting and instrument “home-run”
multi-conductor cables shall be installed underground via direct buried cable
trench. Branch power, lighting and instruments may be installed aboveground on
cables trays based on economics and practicability.

20 BURIED CABLE SYSTEMS

A. General

B. Cables shall be laid in trenches or concrete duct banks in horizontal tiers.

Multi-tier cable arrangements in trenches are allowed.

C. The route of cable trenches or concrete duct banks shall avoid aboveground
and underground obstructions so as to maintain reasonable access to
the buried cables. A minimum clearance of 300 mm shall be
maintained between cables and parallel runs of underground piping
(including insulation). Cables should preferably cross above buried
pipelines. Cables shall not be located under parallel runs of low level
aboveground piping which could block access to the cables or close to
parallel piping runs which will be expanded over the cables in the
future. Adequate segregation shall be maintained between different
services. Power and instrumentation/telecommunication cables shall
not be laid in the same trench or concrete duct banks. A separation of
600 mm shall be maintained between parallel runs of instrument and
electrical cables.

D. Low voltage cables serving as two supply feeds shall have a minimum
spacing of 300 mm between them. Control cables, associated with the
feeder cables, shall be laid adjacent to their respective feeder cables.

E. For 6.9 kV cables and larger serving as two supply feeders, they shall have
a minimum spacing of 300 mm between them. Control cables
associated with the feeder cables shall be run separate.

F. Cables shall normally be run in one continuous length where practical but
underground joints may be installed when necessary. Cable joints
shall be recorded and their locations marked accurately on ‘as built’
drawings.

G. Alternative feeders to substations shall be separated by at least 1 meter, if

possible.

H. Power cables shall be separated by 75 mm. Non-continuously loaded

cables like control, lighting, motor operated valves, cables up to 5.5 kW
load, welding, etc., may be separately grouped together without spacing
between them.

Space heater cables shall be considered as non-continuously loaded power

cables.
 h) Instrument and telecommunication cables shall not be laid in trenches or
concrete duct banks used for HV and LV cables. Reference JOB
SPEC (Instrument Wiring Design) for distance between electrical and
instrument cable trenches.

i) HV cables may be laid in the same trench or concrete duct banks with LV
cables but shall be separated by means of concrete blocks placed
vertically.

j) Cable routes shall normally follow the side of a road. Wherever possible HV
and LV should follow different sides.

k) Duplicate of 34.5 kV feeders to a main substation shall follow different

routes wherever possible. If it is not possible, the feeders shall be
separated by means of concrete blocks.

l) Cable routes shall be kept away from underground pipelines containing hot
liquids or gases. If this is unavoidable, the pipelines shall be insulated
to limit their outside skin temperature to 60°C maximum. Cables shall
then cross underneath those lines with separation of 300 mm
minimum.

m) Cable arrangement shall allow space to accommodate an additional 10% of

future cables.

n) A sufficient number of cable sections shall be shown on detail drawings to

clearly define arrangement of cables.

o) Cable Trench

p) Trenches shall be run in unpaved areas.

q) Burial depth from finished grade to the top surface of the largest cable in the
trench, shall be 600 mm minimum. An exception is for trenches
containing only off-site lighting feeder and branch cables operating at
600 Volts or less between conductors for which burial depth may be
reduced to 460 mm minimum.

r) Sand bedding and protective covering. Cable shall be laid on top of a layer
of clean sandfill 150 mm thick, and then covered with a layer of clean
sandfill 150 mm deep as measured from the top of the largest cable. A
50 mm thick protective covering of red concrete (135 kg/cm 2
compressive strength), either precast slabs (preferred) or cast-in-place
concrete (alternative) shall be provided on top of the sand and the
remainder of the trenches backfilled with soil. The sand shall be
compacted to prevent air pockets from forming beneath the trench
cover.

s) When segregation of cables results in requirements of a trench of more than

1.4 m, additional standard cable trenches as required may be
specified. A common concrete dividing wall between each of such
 trenches shall be provided in order to place heavy duty steel plates
over the trenches for purpose of "bridging" during movement of
vehicles, etc.

t) Open pipe trenches shall be crossed by means of concrete bridges or

troughs over the pipe trench. Bridges or troughs shall be backfilled
with sand and topped by asphalt.

u) Cables in Formed Concrete Duct Banks

v) Within process units, sandfilled concrete lined cable duct banks with red
concrete covers shall be used.

w) Cable duct banks shall have concrete side walls and concrete bottom.

x) Precast or cast-in-place, reinforced, red colored concrete slabs shall be

used in paved areas to cover the formed concrete duct banks. The top
of the covers shall be flush with the adjacent paved surface.

y) Burial depth form finished grade to the top surface of the largest cable in the
concrete duct bank shall be 150 mm minimum.

z) Asphalt Paved, Crushed Stone Covered and Congested Areas

Cables crossing under railroads, main and secondary roads, and concrete paved
roads, shall be run in PVC conduit sleeves encased in concrete. A minimum of
20% of PVC conduit sleeves shall be provided.

E. Conduits, Pipe Sleeves and Duct Banks

F. Unencased conduits and sleeves shall be limited to 6 meters in length.

G. Duct banks for buried cable systems shall consist of conduits encased in
concrete in accordance with paragraph 20 C.

H. A separate conduit sleeve shall be provided for each circuit, except one
power cable and its associated control cable, such as a motor feeder
and its associated push-button circuit, may be run in the same conduit
sleeve.

I. Cables Leaving the Ground

J. Cables leaving the ground at grade shall be protected as follows:

- Cables shall be protected by rigid galvanized steel conduit.

- Sleeves shall extend a minimum of 150mm above grade, except as

noted on applicable standard detail.
 - Sleeves shall be encased in concrete 80mm thick all around.

- Sleeves are not required where cables are extended above grade
beneath elevated substations.

b) Cables entering buildings below grade shall pass through the building
foundation in individual metal conduit sleeves or pipe sleeves. Space
between cable and sleeves shall be sealed as to be liquid tight.
Sealing compound shall be impervious to liquids that may be in the
ground.

c) When direct buried cables pass through a substation building foundation an

opening in the foundation shall be used to permit entry.

d) Cable and Route Markings

e) Direct buried cables shall be identified by the circuit number stamped on the
band attached to each cable as follows:

- The bank shall be of non-corrosive metal with machine raised lettering

and be fastened mechanically (not with adhesive).

- The bands shall be attached to the cable at intervals not exceeding 5

m, at every splice, at all entries and exits to duct banks and trenches,
at pull points, and at both ends of the cable termination points.

Exception:

Where two or more bands specified are to be located at 6 meters or

less, the bands except one can be omitted.

b) A system of route markers shall be provided to locate and identify direct

buried cables as follows:

- Markers shall be located at every point where the trench changes

direction, crossing, and at intervals not greater than 15 meters
within the process unit limits and 45 meters outside the process
unit limits.

- A cable splice marker shall be provided at every splicing point.

b) For trenches 2 m or more in width, markers shall be provided on both sides

of the trench.

c) Trenches less that 2 m in width shall be provided with markers along the
centerline of the trench.

d) Markers shall have identification plates of corrosion-resistant metal suitable

for marking with a steel die stamp.

Plates shall have the following information:

 - Direction of Cable Runs

- Location of Splices

21 CABLE TRAYS
A. General

Where cable tray is used it shall conform to the following:

a) The design and installation of the cable tray system shall conform to
applicable IEC publications. The installation must also comply with the
cable tray manufacturer's recommended support and loading
instructions.

b) Cable trays shall be used for power, control, and instrument wiring in plant
distribution. Separate tray systems or trays with continuous barriers
shall be used for different classes of wiring.

c) Cable trays shall be steel, hot dipped galvanized after fabrication, the cable
tray system will be continuous and shall use vertical elbows for major
changes in elevation. Vertical adjustable splice plates may be used
where there are slight changes of elevations, and shall be supported
within 600 mm of each side of the fitting.

d) Where required, trays shall be covered with ventilated covers to provide

mechanical protection. Trays will not be supported from piping.

e) Straight runs in excess of 30 m shall be provided with expansion joints and

bonded with approved jumpers.

f) The requirements of IEC Publications for ventilated, metallic cable tray shall
apply wherever applicable.

g) Cable tray systems shall be of the design of one manufacturer and shall be
designed so that there are no burrs, projections or sharp edges to
damage cable insulation.

h) All fittings shall have the same load capacity as straight sections. Fittings
shall be of the continuous type with a 600 mm radius unless otherwise
shown on the drawing.

i) In general, ladder type cable trays shall be 7.3 m long and shall be of the
width indicated on the drawings to provide the planned cable capacity.

j) Ladder type cable tray with 230 mm rung spacing will be used for
multi-conductor cable, heavy loading rated.

k) All cable tray supports shall be of the "L" or "T" type to facilitate cable
installation, utilizing pipe rack wherever possible.
 l) Distance between center of supports will be 6 m, maximum.

m) All cable tray runs will be made electrically continuous by means of suitable
approved jumpers. Tray sections shall be connected in such a way as
to ensure electrical continuity.

n) Cable trays cut or drilled during installation shall be restored by the

application of a cold galvanizing type compound.

o) Power, associated control and instrumentation/telecommunication cables

shall be installed in separate cable tray. Electrical cables shall be,
where practical, separated by at least 600 mm from instrumentation
and telecommunication cables except at Switchgear/MCC and
substations. Refer to instrument JOB SPEC (Instrument Wiring
Design) for separation requirements.

p) Cable tray shall have a minimum load safety factor of 1.5. It shall also be
capable of carrying a 91 kg static concentrated load located at
mid-span.

q) Cable arrangement in or on supports shall be as follows:

r) Control cables shall be laid between power cables to the maximum extent
possible.

s) There shall be no more than two layers of multi-conductor 600 Volts power
cables sized 70 mm 2. Cables greater than 70 mm 2 shall be in a single
layer on the cable tray.

t) Trays carrying only 600 V control or instrument cables may have cables
arranged in more than two layers.

u) Cables shall be arranged to minimize the number of crossovers.

v) Raceways may be used indoors in non-hazardous locations.

22 CONDUIT
A. Conduit Type

Conduit shall conform to the following:

a) Where circuit is used, it shall be rigid hot dipped galvanized steel conduit for
aboveground and underground installations. Aluminum conduit shall
not be used.

b) PVC conduit approved for concrete encasement may be used for

underground installations where the conduit size is 2" and larger.

c) Conduit System Design - Underground

d) The minimum size conduit shall be 1" underground.
e) No conduits shall be reduced in size below grade.

f) Conduits shall be located to avoid sub-surface obstructions, furnaces, hot

pipe lines with outside surfaces continuously operating above 260°C or
other places of high ambient temperature. Conduit shall not be
installed closer than 300 mm parallel to these hot surfaces.

g) The minimum bending radius for underground conduits shall be 1200 mm

for all horizontal bends. The minimum bending radius for stub-ups
shall follow the manufacturer’s recommended minimum bending radius
of the cable.

h) Underground conduits shall be encased in red colored concrete envelopes

having a minimum strength of 175 kg/cm 2. The duct bank shall be free
of voids and shall have a minimum cover of 80mm encasing the
peripheral ducts. The minimum spacing between outside surfaces of
conduits shall be 25 mm for conduits, 1 ½" and smaller, and 50 mm for
conduit sizes 2" and larger. Underground conduit for metallic conduits
shall be installed at a minimum depth of 450 mm below grade. When
duct bank includes non-metallic conduits, the minimum depth shall be
600mm except when necessary to assist conditions. At a road and
railroad crossings, the top of the encasement shall be a minimum of
760 mm below the road surface of rail base. All underground conduit
shall avoid runs underneath foundation.

i) Concrete shall be in accordance with JOB SPEC. (Concrete design)

except that the aggregate size shall not exceed 13 mm. To achieve
coloring, 7 kg to 10 kg of red iron oxide shall be added per cubic meter
of concrete.

j) Underground conduit shall be of the following types and may be used

together in the same duct bank:

- Rigid steel conduit, conduit elbows, couplings, and similar fittings shall
be of steel with an outer zinc protective coating and an inner
protective coating of zinc, enamel, or equivalent corrosion
resistant material. Rigid steel conduit is preferred.
- Thermoplastic conduit, conduit elbows, couplings, and similar fittings
shall be rigid polyvinyl chloride or high density polyethylene. Conduit
and fittings shall be of the thin wall type for installation in a concrete
encasement.
a) Underground conduit generally shall run at right angles to or parallel to plant
base lines. Conduit stub-ups shall be accurately dimensioned either on the
underground layout drawings or on suitably detailed drawings. Conduits in
the formed concrete duct banks shall be arranged to facilitate “peel off” to
motors, etc., with a minimum of crossovers.
23 CABLES

A. Basis for Cable Sizing

B. The allowable current carrying capacity of cables shall be as specified in
IEC 71,IEC 331, IEC 332 Publications and COVENIN 200.
C. Feeders to distribution centers and transformers shall be sized based upon
the maximum demand of initial loads or transformer FA rating,
whichever is higher. In general, feeders shall have a current carrying
capacity equal to 125% of the maximum demand or nameplate rating,
whichever is greater.
D. Sub-feeders from distribution centers to load shall be sized based upon the
nameplate rating of the load for motors and shall be size based upon
the IEC publications and COVENIN 200.

E. Cables shall be sized to limit voltage drops as follows:

Feeders 1% based upon maximum demand

Sub-feeders 1% based upon nameplate (FLA)

Rating
3% from the power center to the motor
Motor Branch Circuits at full load (using motor FLA Rating),
but no smaller than the minimum size
permitted. (Total not exceed 5%)
Lighting Feeder Circuits 2% from the substation panel to field
disconnect switch

Lighting Branch Feeder Circuits 3% from disconnect switch to farthest

outlet

Lighting branch circuit voltage drop may be up to 3 percent if the branch

circuit originates at a turnaround power center (i.e. feeder, if any, is of no
significant length). Also, if a branch circuit supplies only discharge type
lamps which have ballasts with taps, the branch circuit voltage drop need be
limited only so that the in service voltage at the ballasts do not fall below the
minimum tap value.

e) Voltage drop calculations shall be based on the minimum short circuit level
of the supply.

f) For circuits above 600 Volts, the minimum size cable shall be the smallest
practical size dictated by the short circuit level and the protective
devices of the electrical system.

g) For lighting and power circuits 600 Volts and below, the smallest conductor
size shall be 2.5 mm 2, except that 1.5 mm2 shall be used for controls.
 h) 8 hour maximum demand shall be the basis for cable ampacity.

i) Transformer feeders shall have an ampacity no less than the transformer

self-cooled (forced cooled > 10 MVA) rating.

j) For off-site and remote areas supplying non-process loads, When a feeder
supplies more than one transformer its rating shall be at least equal to
the summation of the self-cooled (forced or cooled) ratings of all
secondary selective substations plus the self-cooled rating of all radial
substation transformer supplied by the feeder. This is to be approved
by Owner.

k) Lighting feeders feeding lighting panels shall have an ampacity not less than
the adjusted maximum demand of load or trip rating of the breaker.

l) Short circuit withstand. Feeders to buses on power transformers above 600

Volts shall be sized to withstand short circuit thermal stress without
damage to the feeders. The maximum short circuit level of the supply
and clearing time of the feeder protective device shall be used to
determine this condition.

m) Feeders supplying welding terminal boxes and outlets shall be sized based
on a 0.4 demand factor.

B. Cable Construction

C. Conductors 2.5 mm 2 and larger shall be stranded. Lighting circuits only, 4

mm2 shall be solid.
D. In general, Type TC, sunlight resistant, Power & Control tray cable shall be
installed in cable tray.
All cables shall be flare retardant IEC 332. Any cable entering a
substation shall be halogen free or zero halogen. Certain special
applications may require fire resistant cables.
E. All cable shall comply with applicable portions of IEC Publications,
COVENIN 200 and other applicable recognized codes (CENELEC,
UTE, VDE, BS...) when IEC publication have not yet been issued.
F. Directly buried cable shall be aliphatic hydrocarbon resistant type.
Insulation types for 6.9 kV to 35 kV cables shall be 3 conductor, shielded,
cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) or ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), with
steel tape or wire armor over the PVC inner sheath and overall PVC sheath
heat resistant and resistant to hydrocarbon. Cable used within process
areas shall also have lead sheath pipe. Cable insulation voltage in relation
to working voltages shall be as follows:
480V and below 0.6/1kV
6.9 kV 6/10 kV
13.8 kV 8.7/15 kV
 34.5 kV 26/45 kV
e) It shall be necessary to take into account for largest cross sections:

- the possibilities of connections

- the permissible installation radius

- the removal operations of power consumers

e) Cables shall be sized in relation to the maximum air temperature and a

judicious application of factor (see IEC 92-352, Section 1, paragraph 8
for example

f) Basis of Design

g) All cables furnished with shielding shall be terminated with stress cones
and grounded in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation.
h) One power circuit and its associated control circuit such as a motor feeder
shall be run in separate cables.
i) Power system control, metering, alarm, and relaying circuits associated with
a “Packaged Unit” or with one major electrical equipment item, such as a
motor or transformer, may be run within one conduit, duct, tubing, or cable,
provided all circuits are insulated for 600 Volts or more. Remote tripping
circuits between substations may also be run within one multi-conductor
cable, except that:

- Circuits associated with dual power sources for primary selective or

secondary-selective substations shall be run in separate cables.

- Differential and pilot wire relay circuits shall be run in separate cables.
a) Power system control, metering and signal circuits which run indoors for
major electrical equipment in the same building, such as between
switchgear and centralized control console, may be grouped in
common cable tray.
b) Motor space heater circuits may be run in the same cable with motor push-
button circuits -- but not with the motor power (two cables) circuit -- between
the motor starter and motor, provided:

- Both circuits are insulated for 600 Volts; and

- The space heater circuit is not extended into the motor push-button
enclosure.
a) If conductors are paralleled for multi-conductor cable, each cable shall
contain all phase. Also, neutral, if any, shall be contained in all cables
if neutral load current can exceed 15 percent of normal phase current.
b) Design shall not permit power circuits to enter or leave a metallic enclosure
with a separate entry or exit for any phase or neutral (if any)
 conductors, if this would cause overheating of the enclosure due to
induction. One acceptable solution is for all conductors of the power
circuits to be passed through an insulating wall or sheet large enough
to accommodate all conductors.
c) Telephone and signal circuits operating at less than 65 Volts may be run in
the same cable, duct, tubing, cable tray or cable trench with each
other, but not with circuits of higher voltage.
d) Quick-disconnect arrangements, when specified for certain motors, such as
motors driving in-line pumps, shall meet the following:

- Arrangements shall consist of a plug with flexible cable connected to

the motors and a plug receptacle located close to the motor.

- Quick disconnects shall not be used in Zone 1 locations.

- Quick disconnects shall not be used with motors rated above 600 volts.

- Plugs and receptacles used in Zone 2 locations shall be of a type

approved for the location.

- Plugs and receptacles which are not interlocked with a switching

device shall be capable of safely interrupting motor locked rotor
current.

- Switches or circuit breakers used with interlocked receptacles shall not

have over current protective devices.

- Flexible cable shall not be used for motors larger than 40 kW.
a) If specified for pairs of motors, the quick disconnect arrangement shall
permit running either motor from a single feeder circuit and controller.
b) Wiring shall be routed, wherever possible, to provide a minimum spacing of
7.5 m horizontally from potential fire hazards such as pumps and other
high fire risk equipment. This spacing is considered adequate to
prevent damage to wiring from a controlled fire at the equipment.
c) Critical wiring shall not be routed closer than 3 m horizontally to potential fire
hazards such as pumps and other high risk fire equipment. Critical
wiring routed between 3 and 7.5 m horizontally from potential hazards
shall be protected from fire. Protection shall consist of 50 mm covering
of mineral wool and an overall steel jacket. Ampacity of power wiring
so protected shall be derated to account for the thermal insulating
effect of the protective covering and jacket.

d) Color Coding

e) The color coding for multi-wire cables shall be as follows:

- Power phase leads shall be black.

 - Multi-wire lighting circuits and 2-wire branch circuits connected to the
same system shall conform to the following:

415Y/240 Volts 208Y/120 Volts

Phase A- Brown Phase A- Black
Phase B- Orange Phase B- Red
Phase C- Yellow Phase C- Blue
Neutral- Gray Neutral- White
Ground- Green (or Ground- Green
yellow/green)

c) All control leads, including those for push-button stations, interlock circuits,
instrument control circuits, current and potential transformer circuits,
etc., shall be red.
d) Power supplies to/from instruments shall be yellow (live line) and white for
the neutral.
e) All grounding conductors shall be either bare or have a green covering.

24 GROUNDING

A. Grounding for Safety of Personnel

Metallic non-current carrying parts of equipment connected to electrical circuits,

and all major electrical equipment, such as motors, transformers, switchgear,
motor starters, etc., shall be grounded by the conduit or raceway connection to
the power supply ground network or, if such equipment is isolated, to one or
more ground rods or other suitable grounding electrodes. Supplementary
grounding shall be provided by a grounding cable connection from the equipment
to the local ground network.

B. Grounding for Protection Against Static Electricity

Tanks and process vessels containing flammable liquids or gases shall be

grounded by a connection to the ground network, or by bonding to a grounded
metal structure, except that metal enclosures in intimate contact with the ground
may be considered to be adequately protected. In areas where flammable
vapor-air mixtures exist, electrically isolated sections of metallic piping shall be
bonded to the rest of the system. Water-cooled type heat exchangers shall not
be grounded against static electricity.

C. Grounding for Protection Against Lightning

D. Generally all elevated and/or isolated objects such as stacks, columns

structures, etc. shall be grounded for lightning protection.
 E. Metal-frame structures, drums or other equipment not shielded as described
above shall be grounded on at least two sides by connection to the
ground network, or by other suitable means in the event a network is
not available.

F. Building protection, when specified, shall be in accordance with local

building codes.

G. Lightning protection for structures without metallic frames or siding shall be

in accordance with the applicable IEC Publication, or equivalent
national standard.

H. Grounds shall be artificial grounding electrodes. Resistance to earth shall

not exceed 5 ohms.

I. If more than one artificial electrode is connected to a ground system, the

electrodes shall be spaced at least 3 m apart.

J. Grounding for Instrumentation and Signal Systems

Instrumentation and signal systems design shall include grounding to reduce the
effects of electrical interference as specified in JOB SPEC. Instrument Wiring
Design

E. Grounding for Electrical System Protection

F. Grounding and bonding for protection of the electrical system circuits and
equipment shall be installed to minimize damage in case of ground
faults by providing low fault impedance, thereby limiting the voltage to
ground and facilitating the operation of the overcurrent devices.

G. For electrical systems with grounded neutral, a supplementary grounding

cable equal to the main loop shall be installed to interconnect the
grounding networks of the process unit with the substation.

H. All conduits, raceways or other equipment grounding conductors shall be

bonded to the substation grounding network.

I. Grounding Network (Grounding Electrode System)

J. In general, a ground network shall be installed around substations,

switchrooms, major buildings, major process units, consisting of a main
cable loop aboveground connection points, branch cables from loop to
individual grounds, and necessary inspection points on all ground rods.
Cable for the main loop shall be 70 mm 2 and for branch runs, it shall
be 35 mm2 stranded bare copper.

K. When required, a grid type grounding network shall be provided for

substations and large electrical equipment areas, utilizing compression
type grid connectors.
 L. Insofar as possible, copper ground conductors shall be laid directly in the
ground without breaks or joints, and shall have 300 mm minimum
cover. When unavoidable, underground joints shall be brazed or
thermochemically welded, suitably covered and protected. The cable
between ground rods shall be laid with slack.

M. A ground rod shall be attached to the main cable loop at intervals as

required to obtain resistance to earth not exceeding 5 ohms, except
that the interval between ground rods shall not exceed 23 m.

Ground resistance shall be measured with a portable hand-cranked

40 ohm "Megger" ground testing instrument. When the ground
resistance exceeds 5 ohms, additional ground rods or ground mats
shall be installed to meet this specification. Instead of additional rods,
extensions to the rods may be added to drive the ground rods deeper
into the earth.

N. Ground rods shall be Copperweld, 19 mm diameter minimum, length 3 m or

more as required by the water table.

O. In general, the ground networks of all substations shall be interconnected

by a grounding cable equal to the main loop.

P. For the purposes of equipment grounding and electrical system protective

grounding, the grounding conductor shall be continuous from the equipment
to the ground network of the corresponding supply substation.

G. Grounding Conductors

H. Grounding conductor burial depths shall be at least 450 mm. Burial depths
in switch or transformer yards graded with stone shall be at least 300
mm below the stone.

I. In off-site areas, if the wiring method is underground conduit or direct buried

cable, grounding conductors shall be laid along a formed side of the
duct banks or cable trenches, respectively, as far as routing permits.

J. Grounding Conductor Routing

K. For solidly grounded systems, the neutral grounding conductor shall be

insulated for at least line-to-neutral voltage where the conductor passes
along or in the enclosure of electrical equipment. Specifically this applies to:

- Runs from transformer or generator terminal chamber or CT enclosure

to transformer ground pad or generator grounding point.

- Runs from transformer or generator neutrals to switchgear neutral bus

or ground bus.
 - Runs from switchgear neutral bus to switchgear grounds bus.

a) For impedance grounded systems, the connection between neutral and

impedance must be insulated for at least line-to-neutral voltage.

b) Protective conduits for neutral grounding conductors, if used, shall be rigid

aluminum or non-metallic conduit. Non-metallic conduit shall be heavy wall
rigid polyvinyl chloride or high density polyethylene.

I. Enclosure Grounding

J. Metal enclosure for wire and cable such as conduits, cable trays and
raceways shall be grounded at their supply ends by connection to the
switchgear or control center ground bus, when such equipment is
used; or by connection to the grounded metallic equipment enclosures
when switchracks are used. The metal enclosures shall be metallically
connected to utilization equipment enclosures at their load end.

K. The electrical continuity of metal enclosures for wire and cable shall be
assured between terminations.

L. Metallic armor and sheaths, and metallic insulation shielding of all cables
shall be bonded together and grounded at the cable’s supply end by
connection to the switchgear or control center ground bus, when such
equipment is used; or by connection to the grounded metal equipment
enclosures when switchracks are used.

M. Metallic armor and sheaths of multi-conductor cable shall be bonded and

grounded per the following:

- Bonded together and grounded at each cable termination.

- Bonded together at each splice and bonded across each splice.

- Bonded together and to equipment metal enclosures at the load end.

a) Metallic insulation shielding in shielded multi-conductor cable shall be

grounded at each termination and shall be bonded to the cable metal
sheath and armor (if any). If practicable, the insulation shielding of
cable with multiple splices, also shall be grounded at each splice and
bonded to the cable metal sheath and armor (if any).

b) Single-conductor cables. Bonding and grounding methods for single-

conductor cables having metallic armor, sheaths or insulation shielding
must be engineered for the specific installation to avoid dangerous
sheath or shield voltages or excessive heating due to circulating
currents. Generally, single-conductor cables smaller than 250 mm 2
with all three phases in the same duct may be bonded and grounded
the same as multiconductor cables. Armor, sheaths, and shielding of
 larger cables may require single point grounding with insulating joint
between grounded sections.

c) Metal enclosures of fixed equipment operating above 600 Volts between

conductors shall be grounded by a connection to a ground in their
immediate vicinity.

d) Metal enclosures of fixed equipment operating at 600 Volts or less between

conductors and supplied from underground or high resistance
grounded systems shall be grounded. The grounding method shall be
according to the applicable IEC publication and COVENIN 200.

e) Main distribution equipment. Metal-clad and metal-enclosed switchgear,

control centers and turnaround power centers shall be grounded by
two separate connections from their ground busses to grounds in the
immediate vicinity. The metal enclosures of the individual devices on
switchracks shall be bonded to the switchrack frame, and the frame
shall be grounded by two separate connections to grounds in the
immediate vicinity. Equipment grounds in substations of grounded
neutral systems shall be interconnected with the substation neutral
ground.

f) If supplied from solidly grounded systems, metal enclosures of fixed

equipment operating at 600 Volts or less between conductors are
considered grounded through their ground return path and do not
require further grounding.

g) Vessels and tanks with a diameter of 8 m or more shall be grounded at two

points.

h) Pipe racks shall be grounded at intervals not exceeding 40 m.

i) Metal enclosures of portable equipment shall be connected to a grounding

conductor located within the same cable assembly as the line conductors
supplying the equipment as follows:

- Grounding conductor shall be the same size as the line conductor.

- Grounding conductor shall be connected to the receptacle enclosure

through separate contacts in the supply plug and receptacle, and
shall be bonded to the plug enclosure.

- Plug and receptacle shall be polarized and arranged so that the

ground connection makes first and breaks last.

a) Metal enclosures such as fences, partitions, and grill work around

equipment operating above 600 Volts between conductors, shall be
grounded by connections to grounds in their immediate vicinity.
 b) Metal fences and grills enclosing the space under elevated substation
buildings shall be grounded by connections to ground in their immediate
vicinity.

J. GROUND RETURNS

K. A grounded return path is required for each circuit in the following:

- Solidly grounded systems.

- Low resistance grounded systems.

a) If switchgear or control centers are used, the supply ends of ground return
paths shall terminate at the switchgear or control center ground bus.

b) If switchracks are used, the supply ends of ground return paths shall
terminate by connection to the metal enclosure of the individual control
devices.

c) The load ends of ground return paths shall terminate by connection to a

ground bus, when available, or to the metal enclosure of the
equipment served by the ground path’s circuit.

d) Ground return paths shall be one of the following:

- Cable conductor for lightning and receptacles.

- Cable armor and/or lead sheath for motors.

- Armor or sheaths of metal clad cable used in circuits not more than 45
m in length and protected by overcurrent devices having a
nominal rating of 20 amperes or less.

- Sheaths of metal-clad cables used in circuits protected by ground

relaying and provided that the sheath is capable of carrying the
maximum ground fault current without damage (to the sheath or
cable) for the time allowed by the slowest responsive relay.

- Metal-enclosed bus duct enclosures where bus duct length does not
exceed 7.5 m.

a) The combined impedance of the ground return path and the supply circuit
line conductors shall be low enough to ensure operation of the circuit
overcurrent protective device in less than 2 seconds on a single line-to
ground fault at the load end of the circuit. An arc voltage of 40 Volts in
phase with the line-to-neutral source voltage shall be assumed at the
fault point. For receptacle circuits, the impedance of the plug
connected portable cord shall be included in the combined impedance
 used to check operation of the protective device. Maximum cord
length of 30 m shall be assumed.

NOTES:

- For circuits protected by ground relaying, circuit lengths established by

voltage drop limits in normal operation will generally result in
ground return path impedance low enough to meet these
requirements.

- For circuits with phase protection only (not protected by ground

relaying), normal circuit lengths may result in return path impedance
too high to ensure proper operation of the circuit overcurrent protective
devices on ground faults.

25 INSTRUMENT WIRING
A. In general, power for instruments shall be as follows:

B. Main power supply to the system cabinets shall be from 120 Volts AC 60
Hertz supplied from a UPS system in each substation. Also power
supply to DCS/PLC systems shall be from 120 Volts AC 60 Hertz
supplied from UPS system located in central control room.

C. Power to the field instruments shall be 24 Volts DC supplied from a UPS

system in each substation.

D. Power to the non-intrinsically safe solenoid valves shall be 48Volts DC

supplied from a UPS system in each substation.

E. All UPS supplies shall have capacity for 30 minutes service at normal
operation load and shall be connected to an emergency diesel
generator.

F. The main unregulated AC power supplies to the instruments shall be

derived from the essential services distribution (diesel generator). For
more details see Job Specification (Instrument Design Criteria).

G. For instrument wiring requirements, including electronic instruments, computers,

thermocouples, and low level signal systems, refer to JOB SPEC
(Instrument wiring Design)

H. As far as possible, multi-conductor cables for instrument wiring from field junction
boxes to remote instrument room shall be installed underground in formed
concrete duct banks.

I. Electronic Instrument Wire and Cable

For requirements, refer to JOB SPEC (Instrument Wiring Design)

26 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLIES (UPS)
UPS system, when required, shall be provided to ensure continuous power for controls
of critical process equipment, instrumentation, communications and other items
necessary to provide safe and secure plant operations and control. The alternate
input power of the UPS shall be provided by the emergency power generator. The
UPS shall have a minimum 30 minutes of battery backup. Batteries shall be Ni-Cd and
have the following capacities:

120V AC UPS supply shall be 90 minutes.

120V DC UPS supply shall be 90 minutes

24V DC UPS supply shall be 2 hours

48V DC UPS supply shall be 6 hours

The UPS system will be provided in accordance with IEC 623, IEC 146 and JOB
SPEC 1060-13-00-1602-ET-011.

27 EMERGENCY POWER GENERATION

Emergency power shall be generated by local diesel generator unit(s). The generator
shall be sized to all loads necessary for safe shutdown of the plant and shall maintain
operation of essential safety utilities including 25% process unit lighting. Sizing also
shall be based including a 20% additional to emergency loads for load growth and
spare capability. Distribution for emergency lighting shall be similar to normal lighting.
The power from this emergency generator shall also be supplied to DC battery
chargers and UPS.

28 CATHODIC PROTECTION
If required, Cathodic protection shall be provided for all metal structures exposed to
soil or water. Appropriate application shall be made on either impressed current or
sacrificial and methods for buried or immersed structures, vessels, pipes and tank
bars, refer to JOB SPEC 1020-13-00-1500-ET-017.

29 AIRCRAFT WARNING LIGHTS

Aircraft warning lights shall be installed on high chimneys and structures as required
by international and local regulations.

30 ELECTRICAL HEAT TRACE

A. The purpose of the electric heat tracing system is to maintain process
temperature for the piping (equipment and instrument lines) where required
and not provided by other means.

B. The heating cable type shall be dependent upon which is most technically and
economically feasible, and shall be suitable for the area classification and
 exposure temperatures. The cable shall be sized for the required output
per meter or foot of pipe.

C. For use in corrosive environment, the heater shall have an outer jacketing of
fluropolymer or other corrosion resistant construction.

D. Thermostats for lower and upper limit control, as required, shall be provided.

E. Contactor shall be provided where needed for the heater load.

F. In hazardous location areas, the thermostats and contactors shall be

suitable for the location.

31 FIRE ALARM AND GAS DETECTION SYSTEM

A fire and gas detection system functionally separated from other plant control
systems, shall be provided to monitor the general safety of the entire plant. Details to
be provided later.

32 TELEPHONE SYSTEMS
A. Telephone and radio facilities shall be available to allow communications
between the SINCOR buildings and the outside operators, the ships, the
Corpoven terminal, Petrozuata, the solids terminal, the Zuata control room,
the Head office, and internally between the different buildings in the
SINCOR plant.

B. A digital telephone PABX shall be installed. The PABX shall have the capacity to
cover the needs of the SINCOR organization, including Administration building,
Control room, Guard houses, Fire station, Workshops and Process area.

33 PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM AND CODE CALLS

A. The public address system, when specified, shall be a hard-wired system with
appropriate local speakers for complete plant coverage. Access to the
system shall be via a telephone system. The economic and practical
aspects of both modes shall be evaluated during the selection of the means
of accessing the system.

B. A combined public address and alarm system shall provide coverage in the plant
areas where personnel may be present during normal operation. The
system shall allow broadcast of alarms and messages from the Central
Control room.

C. The audible alarms shall include:

- Gas Alarm

- Fire Alarm

- Evacuation Alarm
 a) The alarms may be accompanied by emergency verbal announcements in
alarm areas and shall be supplemented by visual signals in noisy
areas.

b) A code call system, when specified, shall be provided to page specific plant
personnel. Coded 2 or 3-digit pulses shall alert the assignee to contact the
central office for an incoming call or message.

34 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Wireless communications shall be provided. Details to be provided later.

35 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION COMMUNICATION

A. A system which centrally monitors and controls an entire electrical distribution
system shall be provided. The system shall provide a graphical user interface
viewing and reporting real-time data via a desktop computer or field-installed
industrial computer. The system shall be Siemens "ACCESS" or industry equal.

B. The primary functions of this system shall be as follows:

a) The system shall incorporate communications with the following devices as

a minimum:

- Multi-function digital power meters

- Low voltage switchgear static trip units

- Low voltage motor protection and control relays

- Medium voltage motor protection and control relays

- Medium voltage switchgear overcurrent relays

- Addressable I/O relays

a) Pre-configured real-time and min/max. data shall be provided for all field
devices. Min/max. windows shall provide date and time stamp for
each logged value. Simultaneous display of multiple data windows
shall be possible.

b) Automatic and manual remote control capability shall be available across

the network. Automatic control shall be configurable based on alarm
setpoints. Manual control shall be accomplished via pulldown menus
and standard pushbuttons. Remote control capability shall include
meter relay outputs, addressable I/O outputs, static trip unit
open/close, and motor controller start/stop.
 c) Reducing costly down time by identifying system problems well in advance
of tripping.

d) Providing data for more efficient allocation of power usage cost, and
providing accurate verification at utility billing.

e) Identifying and controlling peak power demand. Allowing actions such as

load shedding, changes in billing structure from the utility, or other
remedial steps to minimize power cost.

f) Providing data to plan substation expansion needs, such as the ability to

know steady-state and momentary percentage of capacity for all breakers
and transformers.

36 SUBSTATION BUILDINGS AND SWITCHROOMS

A. Location and General Considerations

B. In general, substation buildings shall be considered a special non-

hazardous or natural unclassified location as defined in Section 6 of
this standard.

C. Where the building is classified "special non-hazardous," the design

requirements for positive-pressure ventilation shall be as indicated in
JOB SPEC 1020-13-00-1230-ET-001, and shall be in compliance with
the IEC and COVENIN 200. Ventilating blower motors shall have
drip-proof or general purpose enclosures and shall not be installed in
the air stream. Blower motors shall be 3-phase induction type. A
Dry-Sys air flow switch shall be provided and arranged to actuate a
time delay alarm device upon loss of building air pressure. Generally,
the building shall have a slight positive pressure.

D. The requirements for fresh air intake, static design, stack designs and type
of building construction shall be as outlined in JOB SPEC 1020-13-00-
1230-ET-001.

E. Design Requirements
F. Substation buildings shall not have windows and shall be provided with at
least 1 personnel door and 1 equipment door (double door). The
equipment doors shall accommodate the largest assembled unit of
equipment, using standard size doors with removable panels above, if
required. Preferably, doors shall be located at opposite ends of the
substation building and shall be provided with weather proof louvers.

G. The initial layout of the substation building shall be provided with space for
the addition of 20% future equipment.

H. The building shall be provided with cable room approximately 1.8 m high
under beam to allow for routing and termination of cable
I. Where possible, 2 exit paths shall be provided out of the work space or the
operating aisle of switchgear or motor control equipment.
 In addition, the following minimum clearances around equipment shall be
provided:
Behind Switchgear 800 mm
Between equipment ends or between ends and wall 800 mm
Operating Aisle (between switchgear and control 1500 mm
centers) or Manufacturer’s
Minimum
(greater of the two)
Operating Aisle (between control centers only) 1200mm
e) A minimum vertical clearance of 450 mm shall be provided above the
highest equipment section measured to the bottom of the lowest roof
beam.

f) Where required, station batteries and charging equipment shall be installed

in the same room with switchgear and shall be located at a minimum of
1.5 m from other equipment.

g) Substation building floors shall be level and smooth. Floor steel provided for
the mounting of switchgear and control equipment shall be installed
even with the finished floor and shall be perfectly level.

h) Oil filled transformers shall be located outside the Switchgear/MCC Room

and shall be arranged to minimize the length of bus duct or secondary
cable, and a minimum clearance of 1 m from the building wall shall be
provided. A minimum clearance of 1 m shall also be provided between
transformers and fire barrier. The clearance shall be measured from
the transformer extremities, such as secondary throat, etc. A fire
barrier of two hour rated construction shall be built between
transformers and between building and transformer. Each transformer
shall be provided with catch basin around the transformer which shall
be sized for the volume of oil in the largest transformer plus the max
daily rainfall (10 yr. - 24 hr storm). The remaining area between fire
barriers and catch basins shall be filled with crushed stone.

i) Suitable concrete pads shall be provided for mounting transformers and

grounding resistors.

j) A suitable chain-link fence shall be provided around transformer areas.

Fence posts shall be installed on the perimeter curb. Two (2) 1.2m
wide personnel gates shall be located at opposite ends. Removable
fence sections shall be provided as required for the removal of
equipment.

k) Cooling design of substation buildings shall be as follows:

Design shall include moisture-proofing and thermal insulation to prevent

corrosion and to aid in limiting indoor temperature extremes. However, no
means of ventilation such as louvers or roof ventilators shall be provided
 except exhaust type natural draft roof ventilators may be used as required
for switchgear control battery room.

l) Mechanical refrigeration shall be provided in substations to maintain an

internal temperature range between 29°C(85°F)and 32°C(90°F). Two
(2) 100% units (one operating and one stand-by) shall be provided.

m) For substations of blast-resistant design, an outdoor compressor/condenser

unit and separate evaporator/fan unit will be required.

n) Heat losses of electrical equipment located indoors, such as exciters,

transformers, and rheostats, shall be considered in calculating needed
amounts of artificial heating and cooling.

o) Air conditioning equipment, when suspended from the roof inside a

substation, shall not be located over electrical equipment.

37 ELECTRICAL FIELD TESTS

Refer to JOB SPEC (Electrical field inspection and testing) for complete testing
requirements.

38 INSPECTION
For shop information requirements, refer to the applicable equipment specification.

39 STANDARDIZATION
A. For ease of maintenance and to limit the spare parts inventory, it is intended that
as far as is practical, each class and category of electrical equipment shall be of
the same type and supplied by the same manufacturer wherever it is used on the
refinery.

When similar cases and categories of electrical equipment are included

in packages, vendors shall be required to purchase the same standard
types.