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Decimal Number System

The decimal number system represents the value of numbers based on a base of 10. Each position in a decimal number has a weight that is a power of 10, with the rightmost digit being the least significant and the leftmost being the most significant. A decimal number is calculated by multiplying each digit by its place value and adding the products. For example, 2025 = 2000 + 20 + 5. The decimal system is easy for humans to use but less efficient for computers than binary, as decimal requires more bits of storage.

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43 views2 pages

Decimal Number System

The decimal number system represents the value of numbers based on a base of 10. Each position in a decimal number has a weight that is a power of 10, with the rightmost digit being the least significant and the leftmost being the most significant. A decimal number is calculated by multiplying each digit by its place value and adding the products. For example, 2025 = 2000 + 20 + 5. The decimal system is easy for humans to use but less efficient for computers than binary, as decimal requires more bits of storage.

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rokiez123
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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8/2/2020 Decimal Number System

Decimal Number System

Number System represents value of number with respect to its given base. Based on its Base value,
a number has unique representation and different number systems have different representation of
the same number. For example, Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal Number systems are used
in microprocessor programming.

If the Base value of a number system is 10, then it is called Decimal number system which has most
important role in the development of science and technology. This is the weighted (or positional)
number representation, where value of each digit is determined by its position (or their weight) in a
number. This is also known as base-10 number system which has 10 symbols, these are: 0, 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Position of every digit has a weight which is a power of 10. Each position in the
decimal system is 10 times more significant than the previous position, that means numeric value of
a decimal number is determined by multiplying each digit of the number by the value of the position
in which the digit appears and then adding the products.

Example-1 − The number 2025 is interpreted as −

2025 = 2x103+0x10x2+2x10x1+5x100 = 2000+0+20+5 = 2005

Here, right most bit 5 is the least significant bit (LSB) and left most bit 2 is the most significant bit
(MSB).

Example-2 − The number 250.36 is interpreted as −

250.36 = 2x102+5x10x1+0x100 +3x10-1+6x10-2 = 200+50+0 + 0.3+0.06 = 250.36

Here, right most bit 6 is the least significant bit (LSB) and left most bit 2 is the most significant bit
(MSB).

Most Significant Bit (MSB) Decimal Point Least Significant Bit (LSB)
102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001

In general, a number expressed in base-r system has coefficients multiplied by power of r.

The coefficient aj ranges from 0 to (r-1). Representing real number in base-r is as following below −

anxrn+a(n-1)xr(n-1)+... ... +a1xr1+a0+a-1xr-1+a-2xr-2+... ... +a-mxr-m

Where, a0, a1, ... a(n-1) and an are integer part digits, n is the total number of integer digits. a-1, a-2, ...
and a-m are fractional part digits, m is the total number of fractional digits.

Advantages and Disadvantages

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/decimal-number-system 1/2
8/2/2020 Decimal Number System

The main advantages of Decimal Number System are easy readable, used by humans, and easy to
manipulate.

However, there are some disadvantages, like wastage of space and time. Since digital system (e.g.,
Computers) and hardware is based on binary system (either 0 or 1), so we need to 4 bit space to
store each bit of Decimal number, whereas Hexadecimal number is also needed only 4 bit and
hexadecimal number has more digits than decimal number which is an advantage of Hexadecimal
Number System.

9’s and 10’s Complement of Decimal (Base-10) Number


Simply, 9’s complement of a decimal number is the subtraction of it’s each digits from 9. For
example, 9’s complement of decimal number 2005 is 9999 - 2005 = 7994.

10’s complement of decimal number is 9’s complement of given number plus 1 to the least
significant bit (LSB). For example 10’s complement of decimal number 2005 is (9999 - 2005) + 1 =
7995.

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/decimal-number-system 2/2

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